155th Gettysburg Pickett's Charge Artillery Barrage
Union and Confederate forces re-enacting Pickets charge the 155th Gettysburg National Civil War Battle Reenactment in Gettysburg Pennsylvania.
Between July 1 and 3 1863, the Battle of Gettysburg, one of the largest battles during the American Civil War, was fought across the fields and heights in the vicinity of the town.
The Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, under the command of Robert E. Lee, experienced success in the early stages of the battle but was ultimately defeated by the Army of the Potomac, commanded by George G. Meade. Lee executed an orderly withdrawal and managed to escape across the Potomac River without being drawn into another battle. Meade was heavily criticized by President Abraham Lincoln for his cautious pursuit and failure to destroy Lee's retreating army.
Casualties were high with total losses on both sides over 27,000 Confederate and 23,000 Union. The residents of Gettysburg were left to care for the wounded and bury the dead following the Confederate retreat. Approximately 8,000 men and 3,000 horses lay under the summer sun. The soldiers' bodies were gradually reinterred in what is today known as Gettysburg National Cemetery, where, on November 19, 1863, Abraham Lincoln attended a ceremony to officially consecrate the grounds and delivered his Gettysburg Address.
Retreat from Gettysburg
The Confederate Army of Northern Virginia began its Retreat from Gettysburg on July 4, 1863. Following General Robert E. Lee's failure to defeat the Union Army at the Battle of Gettysburg (July 1–3, 1863), he ordered a retreat through Maryland and over the Potomac River to relative safety in Virginia. The Union Army of the Potomac, commanded by Maj. Gen. George G. Meade, was unable to maneuver quickly enough to launch a significant attack on the Confederates, who crossed the river on the night of July 13–14.Confederate supplies and thousands of wounded men proceeded over South Mountain through Cashtown in a wagon train that extended for 15–20 miles, enduring harsh weather, treacherous roads, and enemy cavalry raids. The bulk of Lee's infantry departed through Fairfield and through the Monterey Pass toward Hagerstown, Maryland. Reaching the Potomac, they found that rising waters and destroyed pontoon bridges prevented their immediate crossing. Erecting substantial defensive works, they awaited the arrival of the Union army, which had been pursuing over longer roads more to the south of Lee's route. Before Meade could perform adequate reconnaissance and attack the Confederate fortifications, Lee's army escaped across fords and a hastily rebuilt bridge.Combat operations, primarily cavalry battles, raids, and skirmishes, occurred during the retreat at Fairfield (July 3), Monterey Pass (July 4–5), Smithsburg (July 5), Hagerstown (July 6 and 12), Boonsboro (July 8), Funkstown (July 7 and 10), and around Williamsport and Falling Waters (July 6–14). Additional clashes after the armies crossed the Potomac occurred at Shepherdstown (July 16) and Manassas Gap (July 23) in Virginia, ending the Gettysburg Campaign of June and July 1863.
Gettysburg Campaign | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Gettysburg Campaign
00:02:30 1 Background
00:02:39 1.1 Lee's plans
00:05:07 2 Opposing forces
00:05:16 2.1 Confederate forces
00:06:29 2.2 Union forces
00:08:45 3 Campaign timeline
00:09:05 4 Lee's advance to Gettysburg
00:11:51 4.1 Brandy Station
00:14:45 4.2 Winchester
00:18:38 4.3 Hooker's pursuit
00:21:58 4.4 The invasion of Pennsylvania
00:25:21 4.5 Stuart's raid
00:30:49 4.6 Dix's advance against Richmond
00:32:37 4.7 Meade assumes command
00:34:26 4.8 Lee concentrates his army
00:36:33 5 Battle of Gettysburg
00:41:51 6 Lee's retreat to Virginia
00:52:21 7 Aftermath
00:54:16 8 See also
00:54:45 9 Notes
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SUMMARY
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The Gettysburg Campaign was a military invasion of Pennsylvania by the main Confederate army under General Robert E. Lee in summer 1863. The Union won a decisive victory at Gettysburg July 1–3, with heavy casualties on both sides. Lee managed to escape back to Virginia with most of his army. It was a turning point in the American Civil War, with Lee increasingly pushed back toward Richmond until his surrender in April 1865. After his victory in the Battle of Chancellorsville, Lee's Army of Northern Virginia moved north for a massive raid designed to obtain desperately needed supplies, to undermine civilian morale in the North, and to encourage anti-war elements. The Union Army of the Potomac was commanded by Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker and then (from June 28) by Maj. Gen. George G. Meade.
Lee's army slipped away from Federal contact at Fredericksburg, Virginia, on June 3, 1863. The largest predominantly cavalry battle of the war was fought at Brandy Station on June 9. The Confederates crossed the Blue Ridge Mountains and moved north through the Shenandoah Valley, capturing the Union garrison at Winchester, Virginia, in the Second Battle of Winchester, June 13–15. Crossing the Potomac River, Lee's Second Corps advanced through Maryland and Pennsylvania, reaching the Susquehanna River and threatening the state capital of Harrisburg. However, the Army of the Potomac was in pursuit and had reached Frederick, Maryland, before Lee realized his opponent had crossed the Potomac. Lee moved swiftly to concentrate his army around the crossroads town of Gettysburg.
The Battle of Gettysburg was the largest of the war. Starting as a chance meeting engagement on July 1, the Confederates were initially successful in driving Union cavalry and two infantry corps from their defensive positions, through the town, and onto Cemetery Hill. On July 2, with most of both armies now present, Lee launched fierce assaults on both flanks of the Union defensive line, which were repulsed with heavy losses on both sides. On July 3, Lee focused his attention on the Union center. The defeat of his massive infantry assault, Pickett's Charge, caused Lee to order a retreat that began the evening of July 4.
The Confederate retreat to Virginia was plagued by bad weather, difficult roads, and numerous skirmishes with Union cavalry. However, Meade's army did not maneuver aggressively enough to prevent Lee from crossing the Potomac to safety on the night of July 13–14.
Gettysburg Address2017 Battles at the Mansion
Gibson Museum & Cultural Center presented Battles at the Middletown Mansion in southern Lake County CA with members of the American Civil War Association on June 24 & 25, 2017.
President of the Friends of the Gibson and Lake County Historical Society, Voris Brumfield read the Gettysburg Address of President Abraham Lincoln as he dedicated the Cemetery.
Gettysburg National Cemetery is a United States national cemetery created for Union casualties of the July 1 to 3, 1863 Battle of Gettysburg in the American Civil War. It is located just outside Gettysburg Borough, in Adams County, Pennsylvania. The land was part of the Gettysburg Battlefield, and the cemetery is within Gettysburg National Military Park.
Originally called Soldiers' National Cemetery, U.S. President Abraham Lincoln delivered his Gettysburg Address at the cemetery's consecration, November 19, 1863.
The cemetery contains 3,512 interments from the Civil War, including the graves of 979 unknowns. It also has sections for veterans of the Spanish–American War, World War I, and other wars, along with graves of the veterans' spouses and children. The total number of interments exceeds 6,000.
Battlefield monuments, memorials, and markers are scattered throughout the cemetery, and its stone walls, iron fences and gates, burial and section markers, and brick sidewalk are listed as contributing structures within Gettysburg Battlefield Historic District.
The America War between the Union Stats and Confederate States began at 4:30 a.m. on April 12, 1861, when the Confederates fired 50 cannons at Fort Sumter in South Carolina. It as been newly discovered that 750,000 soldiers died in the Civil War. These soldiers not only died in combat but also from starvation and disease. On April 9, 1865, Robert E. Lee and the Confederate Army surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant in Virginia at Appomattox Court House. The last battle was fought at Palmito Ranch in Texas.
The First Day at Gettysburg - Ranger John Nicholas
The battle of Gettysburg began on the morning of July 1st, 1863 as the Union Army of the Potomac and the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia collided northwest of the town of Gettysburg. The fighting that day was obstinate and bloody and would set in motion a series of events which would result in the defeat of the Confederate army. Join Ranger John Nicholas as he describes the opening shots of the battle of Gettysburg.
Chancellorsville and Gettysburg (FULL Audiobook)
Chancellorsville and Gettysburg - audiobook
Abner DOUBLEDAY (1819 - 1893)
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Abner Doubleday began the Civil War as a Union officer and aimed the first cannon shot in response to the bombardment opened on Ft. Sumter in 1861. Two years later, after a series of battles (including Antietam, where he was wounded), Doubleday took over a division in the Army of the Potomac's 1st Corps.
These are his memoirs of service in two of the War's great campaigns. At Chancellorsville, a very promising start made by General Hooker against Lee's Confederate forces fell to a defeat when, in Doubleday's estimation, normal and prudent precautions against surprise in the heavily-wooded battlefield were not carried out; he also seemingly apologizes for Hooker's lack of leadership during the battle as a result of his having been stunned by a cannon ball hitting the post against which he was leaning.
After Chancellorsville, Hooker was replaced as Army Commander by General George Meade. Doubleday describes the curious circumstances that led the two opposing armies to meet at Gettysburg in Pennsylvania. When Doubleday's superior, General John Reynolds, was killed by a sharpshooter on the first day's battle, he took over the 1st Corps and fought it well against converging Confederate divisions that badly outnumbered him. The Corps was forced by battle losses to retire, but its desperate fight bought the time needed for Union reinforcements to pour into Gettysburg and thus prevent a defeat in detail.
General Howard of the XIth Corps replaced Doubleday as the senior commander on the field, and mistakenly wrote to Meade that 1st Corps had routed after practically no fighting. Thus, when Meade arrived, he removed Doubleday from command of 1st Corps, replacing him with a more junior general from another Corps. The snub would embitter Doubleday against Meade. This book is in part Doubleday's revenge, as he picks apart Meade's indecision after the battle was essentially won, with the repulse of the famous Pickett's Charge. In his view, Meade could have won the war at that moment. (Summary by Mark Smith)
Genre(s): War & Military Fiction, *Non-fiction, History
Language: English (FULL Audiobook)
Retreat from Gettysburg Lee Logistics and the Pennsylvania Campaign Civil War America
Clash at East Cavalry Field - Ranger Chuck Teague
Join Ranger Chuck Teague for a guided tour of East Cavalry Battlefield, site of a climactic cavalry fight on July 3rd, 1863 that pitted Confederate Maj. Gen. J.E.B Stuart against Union horseman led by Brig. Gen David M. Gregg and George A. Custer.
The Cannonade - Ranger Bert Barnett
On July 3rd, 1863 over 150 Confederate artillery pieces began a two hour bombardment of the Union position on Cemetery Ridge, filling the air with a deafning roar and sending shot and shell screaming across the battlefield. Join Ranger Bert Barnett as he describes the prelude of Pickett's Charge - the great cannonade of July 3rd, 1863.
1st Minnesota Volunteer Infantry
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The First Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Regiment mustered for a three-year term in the Union Army at the outset of the American Civil War when the prevailing enlistment period was three months.During offensive movements, it sustained high percentages of casualties at the Battles of First Bull Run and Antietam and a catastrophic 82% at the Battle of Gettysburg.It is most noted for its service on the second day at Gettysburg.At a pivotal moment in the 1863 struggle at Gettysburg, Major General Winfield Scott Hancock, commander of II Corps, ordered the First Minnesota to charge into a situation where it would be outnumbered by at least 5 to 1.
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Top 10 Scary Haunted Schools In America
Top 10 Scary Haunted Schools In America
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Hello and welcome back to the Most Amazing Channel on the internet! I am your host Miss Rebecca J Felgate and today we’re going but to school for some spooks…. Get ready as we talk the Top 10 Haunted Schools in America
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14. Never Call Retreat: Military and Political Turning Points in 1863
The Civil War and Reconstruction (HIST 119)
Professor Blight lectures on the military history of the early part of the war. Beginning with events in the West, Blight describes the Union victories at Fort Donelson and Fort Henry, introduces Union General Ulysses S. Grant, and narrates the horrific battle of Shiloh, fought in April of 1862. Moving back East, the lecture describes the Union General George McClellan's abortive 1862 Peninsula campaign, which introduced the world to Confederate General Thomas Stonewall Jackson. The lecture concludes with Confederate General Robert E. Lee's decision to take the battle to the North.
00:00 - Chapter 1. The Mood of the Civil War and McClellan's Army
09:46 - Chapter 2. Early Union Successes and Ulysses S. Grant's Entry into the War
20:07 - Chapter 3. The Battle of Shiloh
26:29 - Chapter 4. McClellan's Abortive 1862 Naval Campaign and Stonewall Jackson
33:34 - Chapter 5. The Battle of Seven Days and Robert E. Lee's Move North
49:14 - Chapter 6. Conclusion
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website:
This course was recorded in Spring 2008.
Lees Retreat Parts 5-8
This Video series is about Robert E. Lee's retreat back to Virginia following the end of the Battle of Gettysburg and the route that he and his army took.
The Congressional Hearings on Meade at Gettysburg in 1864 (Lecture)
General George Meade had to appear before a congressional subcommittee in Washington in the Spring of 1864 to answer several questions seemingly aimed at diminishing his performance at Gettysburg. The several loaded questions leveled at him, and his corps' commanders, who also testified, appear in retrospect to be unfair at best, and a witch hunt at worst. What were the intentions of the Committee on the Conduct of War? Did they simply ask questions that needed to be asked, or did they hope to raise doubts about the administration's ability to prosecute the war? Why burden the memory of a great Union victory with innuendo's that Meade could have done more? Ranger Troy Harman tackles these questions and more in this lecture, featured as a part of Gettysburg National Military Park's 2014 Winter Lecture Series.
Lee's Retreat Parts 1-4
This video series is about General Robert E. Lee's Retreat from Gettysburg after the battle, and the route he took back to Virginia.
On the McClellan Go Round- George McClellan and the Antietam Campaign (Lecture)
George Brinton McClellan- one of the Civil War's most controversial and disliked generals- has been the subject of scorn and derision for decades. Frequently near or at the top of worst generals lists, historians typically use words such as coward, traitor, or foolish to describe this former commander of the Army of the Potomac. But is the story we all seem to know so well correct? Does George McClellan deserve the reputation he has today? Join Ranger Dan Vermilya for a look at McClellan's actions in the pivotal Antietam Campaign, the most important of McClellan's military career, to see why when it comes to the Young Napoleon history tends to be ruled by perceptions and not realities.
The Battle Of Ballast Point
The Battle of Ballast Point -- A Reenactment staged at Fort DeSoto Park in 2008.
The Battle of Ballast Point took place near Tampa, Florida on October 18, 1863.
To enforce a blockade, a Union raiding party landed at the current intersection of Gandy Boulevard and Bayshore Boulevard. Union gunboats provided a diversionary bombardment of the city of Tampa and nearby Fort Brooke.
The Union forces marched up the Hillsborough River to what is now Lowry Park and burned two blockade running ships. Escaping capture by mere minutes, the captain and crew of the Confederate blockade runners fled to the city of Tampa and warned the local authorities of the landing party and the fate of the ships.
Alerted, the Confederate forces were soon in pursuit. A confederate cavalry unit, the Oklawaha Rangers, caught up with the Union raiders and a skirmish ensued. The union soldiers came under direct fire as they boarded their dinghies and withdrew from the field. Lives were lost and prisoners captured on both sides.
This reenactment took place on February 22-24th at Fort Desoto Park.
The 97th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry Re-enactment Regiment, in cooperation with the Pinellas County Parks Department and Fort DeSoto Park, hosted an American Civil War Weekend Encampment and Historical Battle Reenactment at the Fort DeSoto Park located on Mullet Key near the Southern-most tip of Pinellas County, Florida. On Friday, February 22nd, the camps were open for tours by elementary school children from surrounding cities and counties. The civil war era camps was open, free of charge to the public Saturday & Sunday. Participants depicted Union and Confederate infantry, artillery, and civilians impressed into service. There were demonstration events during the day, climaxing with an historical battle re-enactment each afternoon at 1 p.m. The re-enactors had to endure a torrential rain during Saturday afternoon.
The Civil War demonstration activities included period sutlers and vendors, a mock military trial and execution, artillery demonstrations, infantry drills, ladies afternoon tea, drum and fife music performances and civil war medical exhibitions.
American History - Part 101 - Lincoln - Lee hammers Hooker at Chancellorsville - Stonewall killed
Welcome to THE MAKING OF A NATION -- American history in VOA Special English.
General Joe Hooker was the new commander of the Army of the Potomac. He replaced General Ambrose Burnside, when Burnside suffered a terrible defeat at Fredericksburg, Virginia, at the end of 1862. Burnside had replaced General George McClellan, when McClellan kept refusing to obey President Lincoln's orders.
Hooker had one hundred thirty thousand men. They were well-trained and well-supplied.
The Confederate force opposing Hooker's was under the command of General Robert E. Lee. Lee had only about sixty thousand men. They did not have good equipment. And their supplies were low. But their fighting spirit was high. They had defeated the Union army before. They were sure they could do it again.
Lee's army still held strong defensive positions along high ground south of Fredericksburg. This was almost halfway between the capitals of the opposing sides: Washington and Richmond.
On the last day of April, 1863, the Union force reached Chancellorsville. Chancellorsville was a crossroads near the edge of the wilderness. The next day, the soldiers would be in open country. There, General Hooker could make the best use of his men.
Hooker was extremely pleased. Everything was going as he had planned. He told his officers: I have Lee in one hand and Richmond in the other.
The next day, Union soldiers began moving out of Chancellorsville and the wilderness. They did not get far. They ran into several thousand Confederate soldiers. Lee had sent them to slow the Union force.
Hooker sent new orders: break off the fight. Return to Chancellorsville. Put up defensive positions.
Lee met that night with his top general, Stonewall Jackson. They discussed the best way to attack the Union force.
The center of the Union line was strong. The right side was not. Jackson was sure he could get around behind it. Lee asked Jackson how many men he would take. All of them, Jackson answered. 28,000.
Jackson's men began to leave the next morning. Union soldiers watched as they marched away. General Hooker thought Lee was withdrawing.
It took Jackson only half a day to get behind the Union force. He spent a few more hours putting his troops into position. Then he attacked. It was six o'clock in the evening.
The right end of the Union force was not prepared for an attack. The soldiers could not believe their eyes when they saw Confederate troops running out of the woods behind them. Many Union soldiers were killed or wounded. Thousands fled.
The sun went down. The fighting continued under a bright moon. The Confederate troops kept moving forward. The Union troops kept falling back. One northern soldier wrote later: Darkness was upon us. Jackson was upon us. And fear was upon us.
Jackson seemed to be everywhere. He rode his horse among his men, urging them forward. He would not let the Union force escape.
As Jackson and some of his officers rode into a cleared area of the woods, shots rang out. The bullets came from Confederate guns. The Confederate soldiers thought they were firing on Union officers.
Jackson fell from his horse. Two bullets had smashed his left arm. Another bullet had hit his right hand. He was hurried to the back of the line. A doctor quickly cut off his left arm and stopped the heavy bleeding.
Jackson seemed to get better. Then he developed pneumonia. He was unconscious most of the time. He seemed to dream of battle, and shouted commands to his officers. Then he grew quiet. He opened his eyes and said, Let us pass over the river and rest in the shade of the trees.
The great Confederate General, Stonewall Jackson, was dead.
While Jackson lay dying, the battle of Chancellorsville continued.
Robert E. Lee's Confederate army was much smaller than Joe Hooker's Union army. But for five days, Lee kept part of his army moving between Chancellorsville and Fredericksburg. Wherever the Union army attacked, Lee quickly added more men to his lines. The Union army could not break through.
The fighting was taking place on the south side of the Rappahannock River. The Union army's supply lines were on the north side.
Spring rains were beginning to make the Rappahannock rise. General Hooker did not want to get trapped without food and ammunition. So he ordered his men back across the river.
The South had won the battle of Chancellorsville. Robert E. Lee was sure of that. Once again, he had forced back the Army of the Potomac.
Lee, however, would find it more difficult to replace his soldiers. The South was running out of manpower. Every Confederate army needed men -- more and more men. Yet fewer and fewer southern boys were willing to become soldiers.
The Journey of the Wounded from Cemetery Ridge to the Spangler Farm
Join Ranger Christopher Gwinn of the Gettysburg National Military Park and Dan Welch of the Gettysburg Foundation and follow the path of the wounded from Cemetery Ridge to field hospitals behind the Union lines, where surgeons, nurses, and volunteers struggled to save the torn and bleeding casualties of the battle. How were the wounded evacuated from the field of battle, where were they taken, and what were the physical, psychological, and emotional consequences of the fighting at Gettysburg? This journey will conclude at the George Spangler Farm, one of the best preserved Civil War field hospitals in the country.
Monuments at Gettysburg - Context and Beyond (Lecture)
Ranger Troy Harman takes the blinders off, explaining the layered meanings behind the monuments of Gettysburg National Military Park in his winter lecture. Monuments discussed include the Pennsylvania Memorial, the 26th North Carolina monument on Cemetery Ridge, and the Eternal Light Peace Memorial.