The Ossuary of St. James, Brno (CZ)
In 2001 an underground survey was carried around St. James' square before construction work. They found bones of over 50000 people piled in sealed catacombs, which makes this the 2nd biggest ossuray in Europe after Paris catacombs.
Music: Anguish Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0
Church of St. James, Brno, South Moravian Region, Czech Republic, Europe
Saint James` church is a late Gothic three-nave church situated in James' square (Jakubské náměstí) in the centre of Brno, in Czech Republic. Its history starts in the beginning of the 13th century. The church was categorized as a national monument in 1995. The church was founded for German inhabitants who lived in this part of the town in the 13th century. There is visible the painted heraldry of mother superior from Oslavany Cistercian monastery with the date 1220 on the vault of the presbytery. This date recalls the consecration of the smaller Romanesque church that once stood here before this late Gothic St. James's church and it used to serve Flemish and German colonists. There are no remains of this church. There was a cemetery documented around the church in the 14th century, which was extended bit by bit in the following years. During 1368–1405, some chapels were built around the church and these chapels created a unique urbanistic complex. The oldest one was Saint Morris's chapel from the year 1352, and among others were the chapel of Christ's body (1369), Saint Ursuline's chapel and the Assumption of the Virgin chapel (1413), and the so-called New chapel from the year 1428, Saint Trinity chapel (1463) and Saint Dorothy's chapel, which is in the cemetery (1465). The chapel of Christ's body was marked as being connected to the church. Brno citizens made gifts and bequests to these chapels. They also used to give contributions for building costs; however, the main burden of cost was borne by the Cistercian monastery in Oslavany. This hall church is characterized by a presbytery with an inner polygon, which is obviously the oldest part. There is a big tower standing at the western part of building. The tower has a main entrance door. The antechapel was constructed on the northern side. Late Gothic construction of the parish church started with building up the choir in 1446. The builder in the late 1450s was probably Hans from Brno according to scientific research. The main problem is surely to find out the date when construction began, i.e. the date of establishing the East-oriented presbytery. There is a document about a gift for the construction of the chancel from the year 1469 and the latest research comes with differing opinions as to when construction on the presbytery began. It should date according to documents from the half of the 15th century. This year probably prefers to the finishing of the construction of the chancel. Another opinion puts forth the idea about the earlier construction of the oldest part of the presbytery. This idea is supported by some architectonic details, for example the axial placing of the buttress which recalls Petr Parléř's construction at the Southern hall in Saint Vitus cathedral in Prague and in the presbytery of Saint Bartholomew's in Kolín upon Elbe. Also the structure of the wall profile between the windows and the shape of the window tracery repeats some of Parléř's characteristic motifs and possibly floral ornaments and beautiful gargoyles at the top of the buttresses which are close to work from Parléř's area. It could be hardly made as special kind of historicism in the half of the 15th century. It is possible to consider the origin of the presbytery and so the project of the new church at the end of the 14th century. Norbert Nussbaum pointed out to details of the shaft work, which passes through the windows jambs and the compound piers. It shows knowledge of the forms, which were used in the lodge at the Cathedral of St. Stephan in Vienna, when there was a master Lorenz Spenning. Petr Kroupa, who made research about the history of this church's construction, came to the conclusion that the presbytery was finished in 1473 and there are some similarities with the presbytery at the Church of the Holy Spirit in Heidelberg, where the same vaulting is used in the hall choir gallery. The vault belongs to the area of Swabia net vaults. Petr Kroupa considered Master Hans as a designer of Jacob's choir vault for as much as it was documented (as Meister zu Brünn - Master at Brno) at a stonecutters' meeting in Regensburg in 1459. The antechapel was constructed on the northern side. There is a stone in this antechapel, which is marked by Anton Pilgram's stone sign and written text: 1502 Ist Angela/n/gen dy Seiten (In 1502 they started building of side walls). It is known from documents that Anton Pilgram worked here in 1500 – 1511. Then he went to Vienna to work on the structure of Saint Stephen's Cathedral. In 1515 the finished presbytery was affected by the fire that caused the roof to fall in and it subsequently destroyed all altars. The new main altar was consecrated in 1516. The stone relief called the Lamentation of Christ comes from the year 1518 and the relief of the Crucifixion is from 1519.
Brief discussion of the Mendel's experiments
Gregor Mendel was born in the district of Moravia, then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. At the end of high school, he entered the Augustinian monastery of St. Thomas in the city of Brünn, now Brno of the Czech Republic. His monastery was dedicated to teaching science and to scientific research, so Mendel was sent to a university in Vienna to obtain his teaching credentials. However, he failed his examinations and returned to the monastery at Brünn. There he embarked on the research program of plant hybridization that was posthumously to earn him the title of founder of the science of genetics.
Mendel's studies constitute an outstanding example of good scientific technique. He chose research material well suited to the study of the problem at hand, designed his experiments carefully, collected large amounts of data, and used mathematical analysis to show that the results were consistent with his explanatory hypothesis. The predictions of the hypothesis were then tested in a new round of experimentation.
Mendel studied the garden pea (Pisum sativum) for two main reasons. First, peas were available from seed merchants in a wide array of distinct shapes and colors that could be easily identified and analyzed. Second, peas can either self (self-pollinate) or be cross-pollinated. The peas self because the male parts (anthers) and female parts (ovaries) of the flower—which produce the pollen containing the sperm and the ovules containing eggs, respectively—are enclosed by two petals fused to form a compartment called a keel. The gardener or experimenter can cross (cross-pollinate) any two pea plants at will. The anthers from one plant are removed before they have opened to shed their pollen, an operation called emasculation that is done to prevent selfing. Pollen from the other plant is then transferred to the receptive stigma with a paintbrush or on anthers themselves . Thus, the experimenter can choose to self or to cross the pea plants.
Other practical reasons for Mendel's choice of peas were that they are inexpensive and easy to obtain, take up little space, have a short generation time, and produce many offspring. Such considerations enter into the choice of organism for any piece of genetic research.
Learn Biology: Gregor Mendel Biography
SALE TODAY: Learn Piano on iOS
Mahalo biology expert Mary Poffenroth tells you about famed geneticist Gregor Mendel.
Gregor Mendel: Early Life
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Born Johann Mendel on July 22, 1822, in Heizendorf, Austria (now part of Czech Republic) to a farming family, the future founder of modern genetics excelled in his studies. His family, however, was unable to pay for extended formal education. During Mendel's studies at the Philosophical Institute of the University of Olmütz, he was forced to fund himself via tutoring. His family helped in any way possible, even to the point that his sister donated her dowry to help pay tuition. The pressure and stress of the situation eventually took its toll, and twice he fell into depression, returning home to convalesce each time.
After graduation in 1843, Mendel chose to enter the Augustinian order of St. Thomas's Abbey at Brünn, Austria (Brno, Czech Republic). Upon inclusion to the order, Johann was renamed Gregor.
Monastic life allowed Mendel to continue his studies and he began teaching classes in mathematics and Greek. Unfortunately, he was unable to pass an exam to gain permanent teaching credentials. His instructor, however, recognized his potential and had him sent to the University of Vienna in 1850.
Gregor Mendel: Friar and Scientist
---------------------------------------------------------------------
While in Vienna, Mendel studied a host of different sciences and was greatly influenced by botanist Franz Unger. was through Unger that Mendel was exposed advanced botany techniques, microscope use and cell theory. This was prior to Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, and the idea that cells were the basic structures of living things was seen as radical and even heretical.
In 1853, Mendel returned to life in his monastery. He took, and failed, his teaching exam again, suffering a nervous breakdown in the process. He remained a substitute teacher for the rest of his life. In 1867, Mendel was elected abbot, the highest position in the abbey. The years between his return and his promotion mark the period of his greatest experimentation and scientific study.
Gregor Mendel: Obscure Genius
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Using his background in scientific research, Mendel began to experiment with theories on heredity by growing pea plants in the monastery garden. Over the course of eight years and thousands of pea plants, Mendel studied the variations he was able to create through crossbreeding. He learned how traits were passed down from parents and theorized the basis for what would later become modern genetics. 1865, Mendel presented and published Versuche über Pflanzenhybriden or Experiments in Plant Hybridization. Though it was favorably received at the time, it was not thought to prove much other than past theories on heredity. His paper is now considered a seminal scientific text, but was not discovered for its genius until after Mendel's 1884 death. reasons can be given for why Mendel was not recognized in his own time. One of the major factors was the fact that Mendel was unable to recreate his findings with pea plants in his next experiments with hawkweed and bees. Mendel was unaware at the time that, unlike pea plants, hawkweed reproduces asexually, as well as sexually. Bees proved too difficult to breed in a controlled manner. With skewed results and unknown reasons for the failed experiments, it became difficult for Mendel to prove his case. fact that Mendel did not make any notable attempts to publicize his findings didn't help either.
The Experiments
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Mendel used pea plants in order to isolate a series of different traits, like color variations and pea texture, through crossbreeding....
Read more by visiting our page at:
Liepaja Holy Trinity Evangelical Lutheran Cathedral -- ANNO 1742 -- Interior --
Lat: N56.50990, Lon: E021.01321
Lielā iela 9,
Liepaja, Latvia
It is possible to see unique and original masterpieces in the Liepāja Holy Trinity Lutheran Cathedral that have been preserved up to today. Noteworthy just before the entrance into the cathedral there is the Liepāja Coat of Arms above the door aisle and the sculpture on the left side of the entrance. This is the symbol of Faith and it is depicted by a rococo style female image. The other sculpture is the symbol of Love, which has been dismantled and removed to the antechamber of the cathedral since 1996 when the restoration was done. This symbol like the symbol of Faith is depicted by a rococo female Image.
There are two attractive medallions which are situated in the antechamber of the church. One of them is dedicated to the completion of the building construction on 17 October 1750.
It is written on the medallion The iron block neither me nor plucked me for the God protected me. The other medallion is dedicated to the completion of the tower construction in 1866.
In the congregation hall of the cathedral it is possible to see several unique pieced of art such as the altar, pulpit, confessional, the Duke's box and the glamorous stained glass windows.
The altar of the Liepāja Holy Trinity Lutheran Cathedral is the biggest one in Latvia. Its decorative podium part is 13m high. The composition of the altar is made of 4 columns which support its upper part. In the centre there is the Trinity which is adorned with an aureole under the baldachin. The altar sculptures are quite surprising with their high mastery and stylization brightness. The elegant postures of the Italian baroque sculptures and the carelessly fluttering cloaks are joined together thoughtfully with a sensitive realism in the depiction of the body parts.
On the left of the altar there is the pulpit. It was made in the 50s of the 18C and its author is the well known woodcarver J. Slavichek. In the composition of the pulpit there is something like a whorl. The stairs that lead up to the pulpit spiral round the column and in the podium of the pulpit they as if roll up into themselves. The edge of rge pulpit roof is decorated with small bells and angels who divide the 4 crowns of the continent. The pulpit gilding was done by the master J. Endress.
The confessional is made in the same style as the pulpit. It has got a firm construction. Visually it reminds of a huge glass case with gorgeous ornaments. The confessional has still got its original glazing and handle like a dolphin.
15.8.2013 - Den Brna z věží Petrova..
Video pro všechny, kdo se nemůžou po schodech dostat až nahoru :)
Den Brna, aneb jak to vypadá ve věžích katedrály Petra a Pavla, když se v 11 hod zvoní poledne s krásnou vyhlídkou na město pod námi.. Raději si ztište zvuk :)
15. srpen - DEN BRNA
Den, kdy byl odražen generální útok švédských vojsk na město Brno a pevnost Špilberk (15. 8. 1645)
The Bells of St. Michael's Church
It's gets loud! - Olomouc in the Czech Republic.
NTF & Czech Street Work, Czech Republic
4. MOMENTS OF TRANSITION – CHANGEMAKERS PERSPECTIVES
For the past few years, people in the Czech Republic have grown accustomed to seeing a pair of wildly painted Mercedes vans driving around between cities and towns in the region. The vans attract the attention of young people using graffiti paintings that ask: “Need someone to talk to?” What was the purpose of this? Find out and see the video about NTF and CAS:
'Jsem v Brno' - Videoblog - Week 2 'Discovering Janacek'
This week's video includes some pictures from my room, an adventure to find Janacek's house and the Augustinian Monastery and Basilica, found in the old part of the city. I have also included about a minute of sketches from a recent composition at the end of this video for anyone who is interested in hearing what I'm working on.
Gregor Mendel, questions and facts
Gregor Mendel was born into an ethnic German family in Heinzendorf bei Odrau, Austrian Silesia, Austrian Empire (now Hynčice, Czech Republic). He was the son of Anton and Rosine (Schwirtlich) Mendel, and had one older sister, Veronika, and one younger, Theresia. He was christened Johann Mendel and given the name Gregor when he joined the Augustinian monks. They lived and worked on a farm which had been owned by the Mendel family for at least 130 years. During his childhood, Mendel worked as a gardener and studied beekeeping. Later on, as a young man, he attended gymnasium in Opava. He had to take four months off during his Gymnasium studies due to illness. From 1840 to 1843, he studied practical and theoretical philosophy as well as physics at the University of Olomouc Faculty of Philosophy, taking another year off because of illness. He also struggled financially to pay for his studies and Theresia gave him her dowry. Later he helped support her three sons, two of whom became doctors. He became a monk because it enabled him to obtain an education without having to pay for it himself.
When Mendel entered the Faculty of Philosophy, the Department of Natural History and Agriculture was headed by Johann Karl Nestler, who conducted extensive research of hereditary traits of plants and animals, especially sheep. Upon recommendation of his physics teacher Friedrich Franz, Mendel entered the Augustinian St Thomas's Abbey and began his training as a priest. Born Johann Mendel, he took the name Gregor upon entering religious life. Mendel worked as a substitute high school teacher. In 1850 he failed the oral part, the last of three parts, of his exams to become a certified high school teacher. In 1851 he was sent to the University of Vienna to study under the sponsorship of Abbot C. F. Napp so that he could get more formal education At Vienna, his professor of physics was Christian Doppler. Mendel returned to his abbey in 1853 as a teacher, principally of physics. In 1856 he took the exam to become a certified teacher and again failed the oral part.[9]In 1867 he replaced Napp as abbot of the monastery.
Mendel began his studies on heredity at St. Thomas's Abbey with mice, but his bishop did not like one of his monks studying animal sex, so Mendel switched to plants. Mendel also bred bees in a bee house that was built for him, using bee hives that he designed. He also studied astronomy and meteorology, founding the 'Austrian Meteorological Society' in 1865. The majority of his published works were related to meteorology.
Experiments on plant hybridization.
Gregor Mendel, who is known as the father of modern genetics, was inspired by both his professors at the University of Olomouc (i.e. Friedrich Franz & Johann Karl Nestler) and his colleagues at the monastery (e.g., Franz Diebl) to study variation in plants, and he conducted his study in the monastery's 2 hectares (4.9 acres) experimental garden, which was originally planted by Napp in 1830.Unlike Nestler, who studied hereditary traits in sheep, Mendel focused on plants. After initial experiments with pea plants, Mendel settled on studying seven traits that seemed to inherit independently of other traits: seed shape, flower color, seed coat tint, pod shape, unripe pod color, flower location, and plant height. He first focused on seed shape, which was either angular or round. Between 1856 and 1863 Mendel cultivated and tested some 29,000 pea plants (i.e., Pisum sativum). This study showed that one in four pea plants had purebred recessive alleles, two out of four were hybrid and one out of four were purebred dominant. His experiments led him to make two generalizations, the Law of Segregation and the Law of Independent Assortment, which later came to be known as Mendel's Laws of Inheritance.
Mendel presented his paper, Versuche über Pflanzenhybriden (Experiments on Plant Hybridization), at two meetings of the Natural History Society of Brno in Moravia on February 8 and March 8, 1865. It was received favorably and generated reports in several local newspapers. When Mendel's paper was published in 1866 in Verhandlungen des naturforschenden Vereins Brünn, it was seen as essentially about hybridization rather than inheritance and had little impact and was cited about three times over the next thirty-five years. Notably, Charles Darwin was unaware of Mendel's paper, according to Jacob Bronowski's The Ascent of Man. His paper was criticized at the time, but is now considered a seminal work.
Tracey & Alan
7th May 2016 - Saint Thomas Monastery - Malá Strana – Prague, Czech Republic
ប្រវត្តិម៉ង់ដែល Gregor Mendel history | Biology grade 11 | Suong channy
ប្រវត្តិម៉ង់ដែល Gregor Mendel history | Biology grade 11 | Suong channy
Gregor Johann Mendel (Czech: Řehoř Jan Mendel; 20 July 1822 – 6 January 1884) (English: /ˈmɛndəl/) was a scientist, Augustinian friar and abbot of St. Thomas' Abbey in Brno, Margraviate of Moravia. Mendel was born in a German-speaking family in the Silesian part of the Austrian Empire (today's Czech Republic) and gained posthumous recognition as the founder of the modern science of genetics. Though farmers had known for millennia that crossbreeding of animals and plants could favor certain desirable traits, Mendel's pea plant experiments conducted between 1856 and 1863 established many of the rules of heredity, now referred to as the laws of Mendelian inheritance.
Click here:
ការពិពណ៌នាអំពីឆានែល Channyit
Channyit Channel Description
ជម្រាបសួរ ពុកម៉ែ បងប្អូន សិស្សានុសិស្ស ទាំងអស់ក្នុងប្រទេស និងក្រៅប្រទេស ។ ខ្ញុំមានការសប្យាយចិត្តណាស់ ដែលកើតមកបានរៀន បានសិក្សាហើយតស៊ូក្លាយជាគ្រូបង្រៀនមុខវិជ្ចា ជីវវិទ្យាគ្រប់កម្រិតថ្នាក់ក្នុងវិទ្យាល័យមួយរបស់ប្រទេសកម្ពុជា។
Greet all your parents, local and foreign students. I am very happy to be born, to have studied and to become a biology teacher at all levels of a Cambodian high school.
ហេតុតែខ្ញុំបាទ បង្កើតឆានែល channyit នេះឡើង ដោយសាតែខ្ញុំ ចង់ចែកចាយ ចំណេះវិជ្ចា ផ្នែកជីវវិទ្យា ដល់ពុកម៉ែ បងប្អូន សិស្សានុសិស្ស ទាំងអស់ ទុកជាចំណេះដឹងទូទៅ និងសម្រាប់ប្រឡងប្រជែង និងប្រឡងបាក់ឌុបជារៀងរាល់ឆ្នាំ ។
That's why I created this channyit channel because I want to share my biological knowledge with my parents, my students, as general knowledge, and for the exams and exams every year.
ឆានែលនេះ ចង់បង្ហាញអំពី មេរៀន លំហាត់ ជីវវិទ្យាគ្រប់កម្រិតសម្រាប់សិស្សានុសិស្ស និងប្អូនត្រៀមប្រលងនានា ដូចជាប្រឡងយកសញ្ញាបត្រមធ្យមសិក្សាទុតិយភូមិ ប្រឡងរៀនពេទ្យ ផ្នែកផ្សេងៗទៀតទាក់ទងនឹងជីវវិទ្យា ។
This channel wants to present biology classes at all levels for students and students preparing for college, high school, and other fields of biology.
សូមថ្លែង អំណរគុណ ចំពោះ Subscriber ដែលតែងតែចូលចិត្ត និងគ្រាំទ្ររាល់ វីដេអូដែលខ្ញុំបានធ្វើ នៅ ឆានែលនេះ។
Thanks to Subscriber for always liking and supporting every video that I've made on this channel.
សូមចុច ចែកចាយ ៖
Click Distribution:
Kutna Hora 4K 1
a small time at Kutna Hora
New Year's Blessing from Brno
After Mass at the Brno Cathedral January 1, 2011
Organ: Petr Kolář
Ossuary and Tombs (Saint-Joseph-des-Carmes, Paris, France)
Photos and videos are permitted here. Some people were using flash, however, and it was annoying. This place was very dark, so I suppose I understand.
This 17th century Jesuit Catholic church is on Rue Vaugirard in the 6th arrondissement of Paris. The Luxembourg gardens are nearby. The history of this place, which is still a seminary and also houses 30 Muslim clerics who are learning French law and who are not welcome in standard universities here (not just anyone can attend university in France), is very interesting, and an infamous massacre of many priests here took place during the Reign of Terror. About 20 priests survived by hiding in one of the several secret passages. A blood stained wall can be seen by special arrangement -- when tours are being done, sometimes. The crypt and catacombs are also not regularly open. The church has an austere, post-Reformation exterior and was the second church ever in Paris to have a dome. Inside are many Baroque decorations and two altar chapels designed by Bernini. There is a large garden in back which has barely changed since the 17th century. Though private, you can actually get into it quietly with no problem from the day, via a hidden street entrance. I am a private guide and can take you there. Except for Sundays, when most things are closed in Paris, this upscale neighborhood offers excellent shopping and food. The Luxembourg gardens are famous for the Guignol marionette theatre.
The bones and skulls are from the many martyred priests, who went smiling to be hacked to pieces. Most of the skulls show severe trauma. They were killed with swords.
copyright 2012 Lisa B. Falour, B.S., M.B.A. all rights reserved LISA, INC. (EURL) cutecatfaith.com
(Plenum) (Whole Peal) The Bells of St. Vitus Cathedral at Prague, Czech Republic.
Subscribe -
Ringing bells at St. Vitus performs voluntary association Campanaria Pragenses Sancti Viti led by Thomas Stařeckého. On the south tower of the cathedral are four bells hung:
Sigismund bell of 1549 by Tomas Jaros in Brno, Czech largest bell.
Vaclav bell dating from 1542 bellmaker Andrew and Matthias Prague.
John the Baptist bell of 1546 by Stanislav bellfounder.
Joseph bell of 1602 by Martin Hilgera.
The name of the bell is' Sigismund Bell / Zygmund.
The Great weighs 16,500 kg.
The height of the bell is 2.03m.
The diameter of the bell is 2.56m.
This bell is the largest one in the Czech Republic.
The masses of 4 bells is:
500kg
1500kg
2500kg
16500kg
A Moravian journey (Lednice Tabor Brno)
Lednice in the region of South Moravia is an architectural complex of an English Tudor mansion (ca. 16 to 17th cent) owned by the Liechtenstein Family, surrounded by a Baroque park that merges with the natural landscape with a number of romantic buildings (the Minaret, the ruin of the Roman aqueduct) and a glasshouse, the oldest construction of its kind in Europe
The second largest town is Brno, the traditional capital of Moravia, where Napoleon Bonaparte once held his headquarters. Here we spent half a day visiting the Gothic cathedral of Sts. Peter and Paul, and the Capuchin Church of the Holy Cross and its monastery where there's a crypt of skulls and bones. The amber earrings were much cheaper here than in Prague.
Picturesque Tábor boasts a history as fascinating as any town in Prague because its history is linked with the Hussite movement.
Prague - The Augustine Monastery