ALEXANDRIA TROAS - ANCIENT CITIES E02 with ENG SUBTITLE
Alexandria Troas is an ancient Greek city situated on the Aegean Sea near the northern tip of Turkey's western coast, a little south of Tenedos (modern Bozcaada). It is located in the modern Turkish province of Çanakkale. The site sprawls over an estimated 400 hectares (1,000 acres); among the few structures remaining today are a ruined bath, an odeon, a theatre and gymnasium complex and a recently uncovered stadium. The circuit of the old walls can still be traced.
According to Strabo, this site was first called Sigeia; around 306 BC Antigonus refounded the city as the much-expanded Antigonia Troas by settling the people of five other towns in Sigeia, including the once influential city of Neandria. Its name was changed by Lysimachus to Alexandria Troas, in memory of Alexander III of Macedon (Pliny merely states that the name changed from Antigonia to Alexandria). As the chief port of north-west Asia Minor, the place prospered greatly in Roman times, becoming a free and autonomous city as early as 188 BC, and the existing remains sufficiently attest its former importance. In its heyday, the city may have had a population of about 100,000. Strabo mentions that a Roman colony was created at the location in the reign of Augustus, named Colonia Alexandria Augusta Troas (called simply Troas during this period). Augustus, Hadrian and the rich grammarian Herodes Atticus contributed greatly to its embellishment; the aqueduct still preserved is due to the latter. Constantine considered making Troas the capital of the Roman Empire.
Remains of several buildings can be seen - the city gate, odeon, aora, theatre and a small temple- but i is the arches of the Herodoes Atticus that mst strike the visitor today. The port of the city is now a small pink lagoon which can be visited by walking along the beach from Dalyan. Large abandoned columns still lie here and there from the granite quarries nearby at Kocali. At one time, these columns were exported by ship to Istanbul and around the Aegean.
In Roman times, it was a significant port for travelling between Anatolia and Europe. Paul of Tarsus sailed for Europe for the first time from Alexandria Troas and returned there from Europe (it was there that the episode of the raising of Eutychus later occurred). Ignatius of Antioch also paused at this city before continuing to his martyrdom at Rome.
Several of its later bishops are known: Marinus in 325; Niconius in 344; Sylvanus at the beginning of the 5th century; Pionius in 451; Leo in 787; Peter, friend of the Patriarch Ignatius, and adversary to Michael, in the ninth century. In the 10th century Troas is given as a suffragan of Cyzicus and distinct from the famous Troy (Heinrich Gelzer, Ungedruckte ... Texte der Notitiae episcopatuum, 552; Georgii Cyprii descriptio orbis romani, 64); it is not known when the city was destroyed and the diocese disappeared. The city remains a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church, Troadensis; the seat is vacant following the resignation of the last bishop in 1971.
Troas is also a titular see of the Orthodox Church under the Ecumenical Patriarchate. The most recent hierarch, His Grace Bishop Savas (Zembillas) of Troas, served 2002-2011. He is now Metropolitan Savas (Zembillas) of Pittsburgh in the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America.
Karasid Turkomans settled in the area of the Troad in the 14th century. Their beylik was conquered by the Ottomans in 1336. The ruins of Alexandria Troas came to be known among the Turks as Eski Stambul, the Old City. The site's stones were much plundered for building material (for example Mehmed IV took columns to adorn his Yeni Valide Mosque in Istanbul). As of the mid-18th century the site served as a lurking place for bandetti
Alexandria Troas also played an important role in the spread of Christianity. Saint Paul visited the city on his second and third journeys.
Apollon Smintheion - Ancient City's e09
The temple of Apollon Smintheus in the village of Gulpinar with its attractive and imposing structure of marble columns; Balontepe and Hantepe Mounds; Kız Castle and the ancient city of Kolonaia are other sites of historic significance in Ezine.It is within the boundaries of the city on Canakkale and in the municipality of Gulpinar which was called Kulahli until 1920's. the temple is located in the garden plot of the town which is nourished by spring water. This could be the reason why the temple was erected in this site in ancient times were plenty of water existed. People of Alexandria Troas had come to consult the oracle of Apollon and the god needed water for prophecy.
The temple was first made known to the world of archaeology by Jean Baptista Le Chevalier in 1785 when he saw some remains of the temple as he was traveling from Lectum-Babakale to Alexandria Troas.
In 1853 English Admiral R.N. Spratt visited the site as he was working on the cartography of the environs. He recognized that building as the sacred place of Apollon in the ionic order. According to an inscription he announced the temple as relating to the cult of Smintheus-mouse.
After Spratt, R.P Pullan visitedthis area in 1861 and started excavations in 1866. his excavation was sponsored by Society of Diletantti. We have scarce information on the other travelers or scholars who visited the site Pullan.
H, Schliemann indicates the area as post-Homeric Chryse. At the beginning of 1900's Leaf-Hasluck visited the Troad and they informed us with healthy historical and geographical information about the district. In 1966 H. Weber made a survey in the same place and studied the ruins of the temple. In 1971-73 the Archaeological Museum of Canakkale made in investigations at the site.
Troy | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:52 1 Homeric Troy
00:06:30 2 Search for Troy
00:08:13 2.1 Schliemann
00:10:33 2.2 Dörpfeld and Blegen
00:11:12 2.3 Korfmann
00:13:42 2.4 Recent developments
00:15:16 3 Fortifications of the city
00:16:39 4 Historical Troy uncovered
00:18:33 4.1 Troy I–V
00:20:10 4.1.1 Schliemann's Troy II
00:21:13 4.2 Troy VI and VII
00:27:57 4.2.1 Calvert's Thousand-Year Gap
00:30:11 4.3 Troy VIII
00:36:59 4.4 Troy IX
00:39:36 5 Classical Ilium (Ilion)
00:40:06 5.1 Ecclesiastical history
00:41:23 5.2 Titular see
00:42:37 6 Alternative views
00:42:47 6.1 Location
00:43:15 6.2 Hittite and Egyptian records
00:46:15 6.3 In later legend
00:48:34 7 See also
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SUMMARY
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Troy (Ancient Greek: Τροία, Troía, Ἴλιον, Ílion or Ἴλιος, Ílios; Latin: Troia and Ilium; Hittite: ???????????????? Wilusa or ???????????????? Truwisa; Turkish: Truva or Troya) was a city in the far northwest of the region known in late Classical antiquity as Asia Minor, now known as Anatolia in modern Turkey, just south of the southwest mouth of the Dardanelles strait and northwest of Mount Ida. The present-day location is known as Hisarlik. It was the setting of the Trojan War described in the Greek Epic Cycle, in particular in the Iliad, one of the two epic poems attributed to Homer. Metrical evidence from the Iliad and the Odyssey suggests that the name Ἴλιον (Ilion) formerly began with a digamma: Ϝίλιον (Wilion); this is also supported by the Hittite name for what is thought to be the same city, Wilusa.
A new capital called Ilium (from Greek: Ἴλιον, Ilion) was founded on the site in the reign of the Roman Emperor Augustus. It flourished until the establishment of Constantinople, became a bishopric and declined gradually in the Byzantine era, but is now a Latin Catholic titular see.
In 1865, English archaeologist Frank Calvert excavated trial trenches in a field he had bought from a local farmer at Hisarlik, and in 1868, Heinrich Schliemann, a wealthy German businessman and archaeologist, also began excavating in the area after a chance meeting with Calvert in Çanakkale. These excavations revealed several cities built in succession. Schliemann was at first skeptical about the identification of Hisarlik with Troy, but was persuaded by Calvert and took over Calvert's excavations on the eastern half of the Hisarlik site, which was on Calvert's property. Troy VII has been identified with the city called Wilusa by the Hittites (the probable origin of the Greek Ἴλιον) and is generally (but not conclusively) identified with Homeric Troy.
Today, the hill at Hisarlik has given its name to a small village near the ruins, which supports the tourist trade visiting the Troia archaeological site. It lies within the province of Çanakkale, some 30 km south-west of the provincial capital, also called Çanakkale. The nearest village is Tevfikiye. The map here shows the adapted Scamander estuary with Ilium a little way inland across the Homeric plain. Due to Troy's location near the Aegean Sea, the Sea of Marmara, and the Black Sea, it was a central hub for the military and trade.Troy was added to the UNESCO World Heritage list in 1998.
Troy | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Troy
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Troy (Ancient Greek: Τροία, Troia or Τροίας, Troias and Ἴλιον, Ilion or Ἴλιος, Ilios; Latin: Troia and Ilium; Hittite: Wilusha or Truwisha; Turkish: Truva or Troya) was a city in the far northwest of the region known in late Classical antiquity as Asia Minor, now known as Anatolia in modern Turkey, just south of the southwest mouth of the Dardanelles strait and northwest of Mount Ida. The present-day location is known as Hisarlik. It was the setting of the Trojan War described in the Greek Epic Cycle, in particular in the Iliad, one of the two epic poems attributed to Homer. Metrical evidence from the Iliad and the Odyssey suggests that the name Ἴλιον (Ilion) formerly began with a digamma: Ϝίλιον (Wilion); this is also supported by the Hittite name for what is thought to be the same city, Wilusa.
A new capital called Ilium (from Greek: Ἴλιον, Ilion) was founded on the site in the reign of the Roman Emperor Augustus. It flourished until the establishment of Constantinople, became a bishopric and declined gradually in the Byzantine era, but is now a Latin Catholic titular see.
In 1865, English archaeologist Frank Calvert excavated trial trenches in a field he had bought from a local farmer at Hisarlik, and in 1868, Heinrich Schliemann, a wealthy German businessman and archaeologist, also began excavating in the area after a chance meeting with Calvert in Çanakkale. These excavations revealed several cities built in succession. Schliemann was at first skeptical about the identification of Hisarlik with Troy, but was persuaded by Calvert and took over Calvert's excavations on the eastern half of the Hisarlik site, which was on Calvert's property. Troy VII has been identified with the city called Wilusa by the Hittites (the probable origin of the Greek Ἴλιον) and is generally (but not conclusively) identified with Homeric Troy.
Today, the hill at Hisarlik has given its name to a small village near the ruins, which supports the tourist trade visiting the Troia archaeological site. It lies within the province of Çanakkale, some 30 km south-west of the provincial capital, also called Çanakkale. The nearest village is Tevfikiye. The map here shows the adapted Scamander estuary with Ilium a little way inland across the Homeric plain. Due to Troy's location near the Aegean Sea, the Sea of Marmara, and the Black Sea, it was a central hub for the military and trade.Troy was added to the UNESCO World Heritage list in 1998.