Allied Arms

Naval warfare of World War I

Naval,warfare,of,World,War,I
Naval,Warfare,in,World,War,I,was,mainly,characterized,by,the,efforts,of,the,Allied,Powers,,with,their,larger,fleets,and,surrounding,position,,to,blockade,the,Central,Powers,by,sea,,and,the,efforts,of,the,Central,Powers,to,break,that,blockade,or,to,establish,an,effective,blockade,of,the,United,Kingdom,and,France,with,submarines,and,raiders
Contents
1,Prelude
11,Naval,arms,race
12,HMS,Dreadnought
13,German,response
2,Naval,technology
3,Theaters
31,North,Sea
32,English,Channel
33,Atlantic
34,Mediterranean
35,Black,Sea
36,Baltic,Sea
37,Other,Oceans
4,Fleets,overview
41,Allied,Powers
42,Central,Powers
43,Neutral,Powers
5,See,also
6,References
7,Further,reading
8,External,links
Prelude
The,naval,arms,race,between,Britain,and,Germany,to,build,dreadnought,battleships,in,the,early,20th,century,is,the,subject,of,a,number,of,books,Germanys,attempt,to,build,a,battleship,fleet,to,match,that,of,the,United,Kingdom,,the,dominant,naval,power,of,the,20th-century,and,an,island,country,that,depended,on,seaborne,trade,for,survival,,is,often,listed,as,a,major,reason,for,the,enmity,betwee,Naval,warfare,of,World,War,I
,

Victory In Europe, British Newsreel 1945

'VICTORY IN EUROPE- A TRIBUTE TO THOSE WHO MADE IT POSSIBLE.' An item made almost entirely of brief stock shot sequences. United States Navy (USN) Grumman F6F Hellcat fighters run up their engines on the deck of an unidentified USN aircraft carrier. Aerial footage shows United States Army Air Force (USAAF) Boeing B-17F Flying Fortress bomber aircraft in flight. Russian infantry cross a water course armed with Karabin obr 1938g 7.62mm rifles and Pistolet-Pulemyot Shpagina obr 1941g 7.62mm sub-machine guns. Brief footage shows WPN commentators including Rex Keating. Troops wave from the stern of the Queen Mary which also has a banner reading Log-Cabin Hotel attached to its rails. Aerial footage shows an Allied convoy at sea. Brief interior footage shows the cockpit of a Short Sunderland flying boat. A Royal Air Force (RAF) Coastal Command Short Sunderland overflies a convoy of merchant ships. Royal Navy (RN) ratings drop magnetic/acoustic mines from the stern of an unidentified minelayer. Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) personnel disembark from a troopship at Liverpool Docks. Russian infantry march past the camera position carrying Samozaryadnaya Vintovka Tokareva obr 1940g (SVT-40) 7.62mm self loading rifles. United States (US) Army personnel parade through the streets of New York. General Jan C Smuts reviews a march past of South African troops. British Prime Minister Winston Spencer Churchill uses a Crusader tank as a saluting base to review a drive past by British Army M7 Priest self-propelled howitzers (US 105mm M2 howitzer). RAF pilots scramble from desert tent and run to tropicalised Hawker Hurricane fighters (Vokes tropical air filters). Aerial footage shows USAAF Boeing B-17G Flying Fortress bombers flying in a defensive box formation. Stock shot footage shows the Allied bombing of Cassino Village (cf WPN 155). Brief footage shows the US/Australian parachute landings in the Markham River Valley in New Guinea (cf WPN 134 and 145). RAF crew members wearing Irvin leather flying jackets and shorts, disembark from a Vickers Wellington bomber at an undisclosed desert airfield. Brief footage show doctors and nurses at work in an operating theatre. Queen Elizabeth reviews a march past by members of the Women's Royal Naval Service (WRNS), Women's Auxiliary Air Force (WAAF) and Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS). Female forestry workers (lumberjills) are shown at work in a clearing. Female factory workers operate milling machinery. Brief footage shows female munitions workers. King George VI inspects an aero-engine factory (pre-war footage ?). Male and female working teams manufacture Thompson M1928 .45-inch sub-machine guns. British Army personnel load soft-skinned vehicles with crates of high explosives. Stuart M3 light tanks are loaded onto railway flatcars. Armoured car crews (Royal Air Force Regiment) run to waiting Beaverette armoured cars (Royal Air Force Regiment ?). A British infantry detachment practice fieldcraft in an area of sand dunes. Brief footage shows a bombed area of London and firefighters at work during the London Blitz (cf COI 943). King George VI and Queen Elizabeth visit a bombed area of London. Winston Churchill is shown on a walking tour where he is accompanied by civilian crowds. Brief footage shows the Allied delegates at the Cairo (Sextant) Conference (cf WPN 136). Celebratory VE Day scenes from London and Moscow are shown. A USN Douglas TDB Devastator torpedo bomber lands on the deck of an unidentified carrier in the USN Pacific area of operations. Brief footage shows Fleet Air Arm (FAA) in flight. British Commandos carrying Lee-Enfield No.IV .303-inch rifles and Bren .303-inch light machine guns disembark from landing craft (undisclosed location). Members of the United States Marine Corps (USMC) move ashore on an LVT-2 Water Buffalo (landing vehicle tracked).

Invasion Scenes - Europe (1945)

Unissued / unused footage - dates and locations may be unknown / unclear.



Man holds up card reading '30 April 45 - Hitler's Room Lansberg (?) Lansberger'.



Several exterior shots of a large country house or stately home (Hindenburg?).



Several shots of a prison and camp. Pan across the deserted and ruined camp with the fences lying on the ground. Interior shots of two soldiers looking in a prison cell with bars on the windows, a portrait of Hitler on the wall and a Nazi swastika flag hanging up.



Allied tanks move along country fields and roads - in Germany? Mountains seen in the background. We approach a truck with its contents set on fire. Driving on through a town, German soldiers walk towards us with arms raised in surrender. Tanks travelling along country road break through a barricade of logs. German soldiers come walking across a field in surrender.



Shots at a prison camp of inmates running towards camera, cheering and waving their hats in jubilation. Seem to be Allied soldiers. Armed troops make their way into the camp. Surrendering soldiers run along a road past a prison. Civilians look at dead Germans in the road. Pan along lines of German prisoners. German leader talks to Allied soldier.



Soldiers wade across a river. L/S of soldiers crossing a bridge. Tank leads soldiers through a town. Tanks moving along country road.
FILM ID:2159.05

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UTAH BEACH CINEMATIC(HELL LET LOOSE)

Utah, commonly known as Utah Beach, was the code name for one of the five sectors of the Allied invasion of German-occupied France in the Normandy landings on June 6, 1944 (D-Day), during World War II. The westernmost of the five code-named landing beaches in Normandy, Utah is on the Cotentin Peninsula, west of the mouths of the Douve and Vire rivers. Amphibious landings at Utah were undertaken by United States Army troops, with sea transport, mine sweeping, and a naval bombardment force provided by the United States Navy and Coast Guard as well as elements from the British, Dutch and other Allied navies.

The objective at Utah was to secure a beachhead on the Cotentin Peninsula, the location of important port facilities at Cherbourg. The amphibious assault, primarily by the US 4th Infantry Division and 70th Tank Battalion, was supported by airborne landings of the 82nd and 101st Airborne Division. The intention was to rapidly seal off the Cotentin Peninsula, prevent the Germans from reinforcing Cherbourg, and capture the port as quickly as possible. Utah, along with Sword on the eastern flank, was added to the invasion plan in December 1943. These changes doubled the frontage of the invasion and necessitated a month-long delay so that additional landing craft and personnel could be assembled in England. Allied forces attacking Utah faced two battalions of the 919th Grenadier Regiment, part of the 709th Static Infantry Division. While improvements to fortifications had been undertaken under the leadership of Field Marshal Erwin Rommel beginning in October 1943, the troops assigned to defend the area were mostly poorly equipped non-German conscripts.

D-Day at Utah began at 01:30, when the first of the airborne units arrived, tasked with securing the key crossroads at Sainte-Mère-Église and controlling the causeways through the flooded farmland behind Utah so the infantry could advance inland. While some airborne objectives were quickly met, many paratroopers landed far from their drop zones and were unable to fulfill their objectives on the first day. On the beach itself, infantry and tanks landed in four waves beginning at 06:30 and quickly secured the immediate area with minimal casualties. Meanwhile, engineers set to work clearing the area of obstacles and mines, and additional waves of reinforcements continued to arrive. At the close of D-Day, Allied forces had only captured about half of the planned area and contingents of German defenders remained, but the beachhead was secure.

The 4th Infantry Division landed 21,000 troops on Utah at the cost of only 197 casualties. Airborne troops arriving by parachute and glider numbered an additional 14,000 men, with 2,500 casualties. Around 700 men were lost in engineering units, 70th Tank Battalion, and seaborne vessels sunk by the enemy. German losses are unknown. Cherbourg was captured on June 26, but by this time the Germans had destroyed the port facilities, which were not brought back into full operation until September.

Senate Impeachment Trial Of President Trump - Day 10 | NBC News (Live Stream)

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Lend-Lease | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:



00:03:30 1 History
00:03:38 1.1 Non-interventionism and neutrality
00:05:01 1.2 Cash and carry
00:10:31 1.3 Lend-Lease proposal
00:14:44 1.4 Multilateral Allied support
00:15:17 2 Scale, value and economics
00:17:21 2.1 Administration
00:18:37 3 Significance of Lend-Lease
00:29:11 4 Returning goods after the war
00:30:58 5 US deliveries to the Soviet Union
00:38:43 6 British deliveries to the Soviet Union
00:42:30 7 Reverse Lend-lease
00:48:50 8 Canadian aid to Britain
00:50:10 9 Repayment
00:54:45 10 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
The Lend-Lease Act was a United States program to provide the Allied powers with aid and military materiel in World War II.Officially An Act to Promote the Defense of the United States, (Pub.L. 77–11, H.R. 1776, 55 Stat. 31, enacted March 11, 1941), it gave aid to the British Empire, China, and later the Soviet Union, Free France, and other allies, from 1941 to August 1945, to help defeat the Axis powers. Once the United States entered World War II, Lend-Lease became the foremost means for supplying its foreign Allies with military aid, distributing food, oil, vehicles and weaponry, including warships and warplanes, and many other services.The program was signed into law by president Franklin D. Roosevelt on March 11, 1941, making the United States an indirect participant in World War II, in contradiction to the country's official policy of neutrality, and was a decisive change from non-interventionist policy, which had dominated United States foreign relations since 1931; (see Neutrality Acts of the 1930s). The aid was free for all receiving countries, until this ended overnight, without prior warning, upon winning the war against Japan. Goods already in transit when Japan capitulated, were charged for. Some transport ships were returned to the U.S. after the war, but practically all the items sent out were used up or worthless in peacetime. In Reverse Lend Lease, the U.S. was given no-cost leases on army and naval bases in Allied territory during the war, as well as local supplies.
The program was under the direct control of the White House, with Roosevelt paying close attention, assisted by Harry Hopkins, W. Averell Harriman, and Edward Stettinius Jr.. Roosevelt often sent them on special missions to London and Moscow, where their control over Lend Lease gave them importance. The budget was hidden away in the overall military budget, and details were not released until after the war.
From 1941 to 1945, the United States provided USD 50 billion worth of services and goods, ranging from food to machines to battle ships, to the Allied countries. By far the most aid, some USD 31.4 billion worth, went to Britain, America's foremost ally, which received immense amounts of raw materials, weapon systems, industrial equipment, and all kinds of services. In return, the UK shared a number of vital technological breakthroughs. Recipients number two and three were the Soviet Union and France, receiving USD 11.3 billion and USD 3.2 billion respectively.

What If England And France Went To War?

What If England And France Went To War?
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What If The UK Invaded Canada?


Ah, the United Kingdom and France…Frenemies for the ages. The pair have a long and engaging history. They have been at war, they have been at peace, they have been allies who have fought together on the battle ground. Just over 19 nautical miles separates the shores of Great Britain and France at the narrowest part of the Strait of Dover. The pair are even joined together by the 50 mile stretch of the channel tunnel. These days they are connected, but that wasn’t always the case. What if things soured and the pair once again found themselves at war?

#england #france #whatif

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50 AMAZING BRAIN ELEVATING HISTORY PHOTOS YOU NEED TO SEE BEFORE YOU DIE

Collection of the Best Rare Photos Taken around the world from long distance Past

Tenth Collection

1. The Titanic and Olympic under construction at Harland and Wolff shipyard Belfast, 1910
2. Oil well fire on Signal Hill, California. 1931.
3. The first and only existing photo of Chernobyl on the morning of the nuclear accident 33 years ago today – April 26, 1986. The heavy grain is due to the huge amount of radiation in the air that began to destroy the camera film the second it was exposed for this photo.
4. Soviet gym teachers parade in Moscow, 1956
5. A German woman commits suicide during the Battle of Berlin. With the continuation of the war, the imminent defeat of Germany, and fear of Red Army reprisals, suicide rates in Germany skyrocketed to an astronomical scale towards the end of the war. April 1945.
6. A United States soldier holds up a jungle centipede during the Vietnam war, 1967
7. A starving child during the Russian famine of 1921-1922.
8. The Soviets opening the gates of the Auschwitz concentration camp after liberating it exactly 73 years ago. January 27, 1945.
9. 75 years ago today, a Frenchman took a picture of the Allied warships arriving to invade Southern France. Also known as the lesser-known D-Day. August 15, 1944
10. Winston Churchill sitting in what remains of Hitler's Arm chair 1945
11. Secret Service agent Tim McCarthy clutching his stomach after being shot during the assassination attempt of President Ronald Reagan (1981)
12. The White House swimming pool, 1946. This is now the Briefing Room.
13. Thelonious Monk performing in New York City (1975).
14. Two Armenian women pose with their rifles before going to war against the Ottomans, 1895
15. Two F/A-18C Hornet female pilots onboard USS Enterprise discussing the results of their nighttime bombing of Baghdad on December 17, 1998 during Operation Desert Fox
16. British corporal taking the surrender of a 7'6 (228 cm) tall german soldier, 1944
17. Adolf Hitler with Helga Goebbels, 1935.
18. The London blitz wasn't going to stop this bride.
19. A sailor who was burned in a kamikaze attack being fed aboard the USS Solace, 1945
20. Adam West as Batman filming a road safety film for children in London, 1967
21. Mississippi's First Interracial Couple August 3, 1970
22. A French boy introduces himself to Indian soldiers who had just arrived in France to fight alongside French and British forces, Marseilles, 30th September 1914 -
23. A helmeted bulldog guarding a family outside a block of flats during the Blitz, 15th October 1940.
24. A lone African-American man attends a Klan rally in Jackson, Mississippi (1950).
25. Sailor and girl at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Washington, D.C., May 1943
26. Ku Klux Klan on a ferris wheel, 1925
27. A boy sits amid the ruins of a London bookshop following an air raid on October 8, 1940, reading a book titled “The History of London.”
28. Amelia Earhart (and an unknown man) standing in front of her single-prop plane in Burbank. California - 1932
29. Two U.S. Army soldiers (one of them not in uniform) helped a badly beaten black man get away from a hostile white mob in downtown Detroit during the 1943 Detroit race riot, June 21
30. Civil Rights marchers wearing placards reading, I AM A MAN pass by on March 29, 1968
31. Union Boss Jimmy Hoffa flipping off attorney Robert Kennedy during a Senate committee hearing in 1957
32. Troops of the Eight-Nation Alliance in 1900. Left to right: Britain, United States, Australia,India, Germany, France, Russia, Italy, Japan
33. Anti-Apartheid protesters sprayed with a water cannon shooting purple dye to mark the demonstrators for arrest. South Africa, 1989.
34. Korean War Goodbye Kiss, Los Angeles, Sept. 6, 1950
35. The head of the Statue of Liberty was displayed at the 1878 Paris world fair
36. A Japanese family returning home from an internment camp find their home and garage vandalized in Seattle, Washington 1945.
37. New Zealand soldier resting and smoking a pipe in the deserts of North Africa.
38. Reverend Carter, expecting a visit from the Klan after he has dared to register to vote, stands guard on his front porch, West Feliciana Parish, Louisiana, c. 1964 - Photograph by Bob Adelman.
39. JFK & Bill Clinton greeting at the White House, in 1963.
40. Displaced African-Americans Line Up At Relief Station During Great Depression. Louisville, Kentucky. 1937.
41. A Tsam Mask Dance at Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, ca. 1925
42. An emaciated boy during the Dutch famine (hongerwinter), the Netherlands, World War II, circa 1944.
43. The White House seen totally gutted during the Truman Renovation, around 1950
44. The body of Rev. Bill Larson clings to a window of the UpStairs Lounge, a New Orleans gay bar set on fire killing 32 people on the last day of Pride Weekend. Burial services for the dead were denied by most churches, and families refused to claim victims' bodies out of shame. 1973
45. Tank Crew Body Recovery c.1940s
46. American family watching television, 1958

MOSCOW HAS FALLEN, USA & ALLIES INVADE | Command & Conquer Red Alert 3 Allied Gameplay

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The No 1, Mk III* and the No4, Mk I*: CQB Shooting of World War Two -PART ONE-

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Small Arms of WWI Primer 075: US Mosins, Dragoon, Carbine

Q&A link: Othais and Mae delve into the story of this WWI classic.



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3-ЛН ВИНТОВКА МОСИНА b
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Drei Linien Die Gewehre Mosin-Nagant, Band 1
Karl-Heinz Wrobel

Allied Rifle contracts in America
Luke Mercaldo

American-Made Mosin Nagant Rifles : World War I through Allied Intervention
Charles W. Clawson

Serbian Army Weapons of Victory 1914-1918 Vol 1
Branislav Stankovic and John P. Sheehan

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1944 US Tanks & British Armor Liberate Normandy | Men of War: Assault Squad 2 Gameplay

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Berlin After World War II (1946) | British Pathé

This silent footage from 1946 Berlin, gives an idea of German life a year after the allied victory of World War II.

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(FILM ID:2034.13)
Unissued / Unused material.

Berlin, Germany.

Various shots of German women knocking old cement from bricks. C/U woman's hands handling bricks. M/S German women shovelling rubble into truck. High angle shot of main road, L/S pan over bombed city. C/U German girl's feet walking along pavement, pan to girl meeting a young man and walking away. M/S German man arm in arm with two girls. C/U of German girl's face whilst walking. A German girl walks right up to the camera. Various shots of people sat at a cafe. M/S fashionable lady walking along. C/U of her face. Various shots people walking about. M/S woman in fur coat. M/S cinema. M/S British soldiers looking at rubble. M/S as boy approaches them with medals. Various shots as they give the boy cigarettes in return for the medal.

M/S family. M/S group of old ladies sitting on bench. M/S window of bookshop. M/S ornaments in window. M/S 'Woolworth Co'. M/S as women push a truck along rails in street. C/U elderly couple. Various shots of children playing in town square. M/S as horse and cart drive through town. L/S Hitler's room in Chancellery. Various interior and exterior shots. M/S boy walking through Chancellery gardens. C/U elderly man reading paper. M/S people gathered at tram, it sets off. M/S soldiers and people. C/U sign 'You are now leaving British sector'. C/U sign 'You are entering the American sector carrying weapons off duty forbidden, obey traffic rules'.

BRITISH PATHÉ'S STORY
Before television, people came to movie theatres to watch the news. British Pathé was at the forefront of cinematic journalism, blending information with entertainment to popular effect. Over the course of a century, it documented everything from major armed conflicts and seismic political crises to the curious hobbies and eccentric lives of ordinary people. If it happened, British Pathé filmed it.

Now considered to be the finest newsreel archive in the world, British Pathé is a treasure trove of 85,000 films unrivalled in their historical and cultural significance.

British Pathé also represents the Reuters historical collection, which includes more than 136,000 items from the news agencies Gaumont Graphic (1910-1932), Empire News Bulletin (1926-1930), British Paramount (1931-1957), and Gaumont British (1934-1959), as well as Visnews content from 1957 to the end of 1984. All footage can be viewed on the British Pathé website.

The Cold War

The Cold War was the continuing state of conflict, tension, and competition that existed after World War II. On one side were the Soviet Union and its satellites, and on the other were the powers of the Western world under the leadership of the United States. The Cold War began in the mid-1940s and lasted into the early 1990s. Although the primary participants' military forces never officially clashed directly, the conflict was expressed through military coalitions, strategic conventional force deployments, a nuclear arms race, espionage, proxy wars, propaganda, and competitive technological development such as the space race.

Although the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain, and France were allied against the Axis powers during the last four years of World War II, disagreements existed both during and after the conflict on many topics, particularly over the shape of the post-war world. At the war's conclusion, most of Europe was occupied by those four countries, while the United States and the Soviet Union possessed the two most powerful military forces.

Long Forgotten Sons - US and Allied Military Tribute (Watermark)

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THE CAGED EAGLE, AND OTHER POEMS by George Sterling FULL AUDIOBOOK | Best Audiobooks

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Table of contents:
00:00:00 01 - The Witch
00:03:34 02 - To Twilight
00:05:11 03 - Henri
00:07:46 04 - Conspiracy
00:10:14 05 - Indian Summer
00:11:21 06 - Ballad of the Fatal Word
00:13:51 07 - On the Sale of the Love-Letters of a Dead Poet
00:15:02 08 - Mediatrix
00:16:17 09 - A Dog Waits His Dead Mistress
00:17:53 10 - Humility in Art
00:19:36 11 - An Autumn Thrush
00:20:52 12 - The Fall of the Year
00:22:16 13 - October
00:23:40 14 - In Autumn
00:24:59 15 - The Caged Eagle
00:27:35 16 - Time and Tears
00:28:42 17 - To an Old Nurse
00:30:42 18 - To the Mummy of the Lady Isis
00:31:52 19 - The Ramparts and the Rose
00:33:34 20 - On a Portrait of Lincoln
00:35:13 21 - The Tryst
00:38:57 22 - A Yellow Rose
00:40:40 23 - Shakespeare
00:44:20 24 - The Shadow of Nirvana
00:45:29 25 - The Return
00:46:44 26 - Moloch
00:48:30 27 - Three Sonnets on Sleep
00:51:12 28 - Man
00:52:17 29 - On a City Street
00:53:23 30 - Illusion
00:54:31 31 - Essential Night
00:55:44 32 - The Gleaner
00:56:50 33 - California
01:01:14 34 - Ode on the Opening
01:14:23 35 - The Builders
01:16:14 36 - The Evanescent City
01:18:19 37 - Frank Unger
01:19:19 38 - To Xavier Martinez, Painter
01:20:25 39 - The Light-Giver
01:22:19 40 - To Margaret Anglin
01:23:26 41 - The Song of the Valkyrs
01:25:53 42 - The Death of Wilhelm II
01:27:03 43 - Earth's Anthem
01:28:11 44 - To Germany
01:32:15 45 - Betrayal
01:34:07 46 - Belgium, August, 1914
01:35:17 47 - England, August, 1914
01:36:23 48 - To the War-Lords
01:39:08 49 - The War-God
01:40:17 50 - The Little Farm
01:41:28 51 - The House of War
01:42:37 52 - 'As it was in the Beginning'
01:43:47 53 - To Belgium
01:44:53 54 - The Two Prayers
01:46:03 55 - Aftermath
01:47:09 56 - The War-Machine
01:48:19 57 - Bombardment
01:49:22 58 - Germany
01:50:23 59 - The Death-Chords
01:51:51 60 - The Feast
01:53:18 61 - War's Music
01:54:44 62 - The Aeroplane
01:56:07 63 - Before Dawn
01:57:22 64 - The Turk
01:58:32 65 - The New Kings
01:59:42 66 - To France
02:00:58 67 - The Night of Man
02:02:13 68 - To the Allied Arms
02:03:30 69 - The Battlefield at Night
02:04:49 70 - Kingship
02:06:18 71 - The Death of Rupert Brooke
02:07:41 72 - The Helots
02:09:14 73 - The Crown-Prince at Verdun
02:10:40 74 - Before Dawn in America
02:12:12 75 - Gun-Practice
02:13:42 76 - To England
02:15:09 77 - Civilization at Bay
02:16:30 78 - The Day of Decision
02:17:57 79 - Broadway, New York, 1916
02:19:25 80 - The 'Lusitania'
02:20:49 81 - War, The Past
02:22:17 82 - War, The Present
02:23:45 83 - War, The Future


Language: English
Duration: 02:25:17
Download (LibriVox):

Book Review: FN Mauser Rifles by Anthony Vanderlinden

Buy the book here:

When I was waiting for my copy of Anthony Vanderlinden's new book FN Mauser Rifles to arrive, I was expecting a typical sort of dry reference work. You know, the sort of thing that is essential for looking up details like the serial number range for a specific contract, or the sling swivel location on some specific nation's version of a rifle. When the book arrived and I cracked it open, I found something quite different.

What I found was an authentically engrossing history of Belgium, the Fabrique Nationale company, and the rifles it produced. It would have been a savvy move to deliberately expound on the context of FN's Mausers to make them more interesting (let's be honest; Mauser contract variations are not the most riveting subject in arms history), but I think the book took this path because of the author's genuine passion for the subject and a desire to share that passion with others. Good grief, the man owns a 1926 FN car! If that's not devotion to a subject, I don't know what is (and it's really cool!).

Anyway, the first half of the book is a tale of Belgian history and arms production. The trials that led to the adoption of the 1891 Mauser and the subsequent formation of the FN conglomerate by the preeminent armsmakers of Liege in order to secure a contract to make those 1891s. The production leading up to WWI, and the Belgian response to that war, including production in the United States and England. The company's recovery after the war, including its efforts in the automotive industry. The buildup to WWII, and the response to yet another German occupation. Sabotage of German production. Recovery after that war as well, and FN's role in post-war Europe as Mauser production came to an end. And throughout this tale, the simultaneous story of the Congo Free Sate as it became the Belgian Congo and took part in Belgium's trials and tribulations.

In the more technical sections of the book, Vanderlinder presents information that has heretofore been pretty hazy, like the actual differences between FN Mauser model designations, and exactly who ordered what and when. He also provides excellent detail on the manufacture, repair, and later conversions of the Model 1891 rifles for the Belgian military as well as the Congolese armed forces.

As you have probably realized by this point, I found the book an excellent and compelling read...not the sort of thing one would normally expect from this subject matter. You don't need to be an avid enthusiast of FN or Belgian history to appreciate it. Quite the opposite, in fact - if you (like most people) have only the most cursory knowledge of the subject, it is an excellent way for you to really find an appreciation for the company and country. Just be warned that the cover price doesn't include the rifles you will want to buy once you've started reading!

FN Mauser Rifles is available directly from the publisher (who is also the author, but this is not a self-published work) at FNBrowning.com. Ordering there instead of from other dealers will get you an autographed copy, which is a nice bonus.



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