Žilina, Slovakia [Жилина, Словакия]
Žilina is a city in north-western Slovakia, around 200 kilometres (120 mi) from the capital Bratislava, close to both the Czech and Polish borders. It is the fourth largest city of Slovakia with a population of approximately 80,000, an important industrial center, the largest city on the Váh river, and the seat of a kraj (Žilina Region) and of an okres (Žilina District). It belongs to the Upper Váh region of tourism.
The historical center of the city, reconstructed in the early 1990s is protected as a city monument reserve (Slovak: Mestská pamiatková rezervácia). It is centered on the Mariánske námestie and Andrej Hlinka squares. The Mariánske námestie square has 106 arcade passages and 44 burgher houses along the whole square.[9] It is dominated by the Church of St. Paul the Apostle, the old building of the city council, and the baroque statue of the Virgin Mary. Nearby is the Church of the Holy Trinity, a sacral building built around 1400, which is since February 2008 the cathedral of the Diocese of Žilina.
The Church of Saint Stephen the King (Slovak: Kostol Sv. Štefana krála) is the oldest architectural relic of town Zilina,[10] located just 1 kilometre (0.6 miles) southwest from the center. It is one of the first Romanesque churches in Slovakia, dating back to the years 1200-1250, by the experts. The legend goes that the Hungarian King István I himself ordered to build it. Valuable is the inner decoration of the church. Wall paintings originate from approximately 1260; in 1950 they were discovered and later on restored by the Žilina fine artist Mojmír Vlkoláček. Nowadays it is a popular place for wedding ceremonies.
Other landmarks around the city include:
Budatín Castle, housing Považie Museum with its tinker trade exhibition
The wooden Roman Catholic church of St. George in the Trnové section (one of the few outside north-eastern Slovakia)
The Orthodox synagogue, which now houses the Museum of Jewish culture
The New Synagogue, now a cultural centre
The city is a starting point for various locations of western and eastern Slovakia, including hiking trails into the Lesser Fatra and Greater Fatra mountains. Other locations of interest include Bojnice Castle, Strečno, Orava region, and the villages of Čičmany and Vlkolínec.
[RU] Жилина — город на северо-западе Словакии, при впадении в реку Ваг рек Кисуцы и Райчанки, центр одноимённого Жилинского края. Население составляет около 86 тысяч жителей.
Регион был заселён славянами в V веке. Первое славянское городище на территории Жилины датируется IX веком. Город был впервые упомянут в 1297 году, в 1327 году получил городские права.
В конце XIII века Жилина сгорела в большом пожаре, в город потянулись немецкие колонисты, которые стали его отстраивать.
В 1381 году король Венгрии в ответ на жалобы словаков пожаловал городу Privilegium pro Slavis, закрепившее правило поочерёдного избрания словаков и немцев в мэрию города.
В XV веке начинается расцвет города. В XVI—XVII веке Жилина была центром реформации в Венгрии, в 1686 году началась рекатолизация города. В XVIII веке на город обрушились пожары и эпидемии, город сильно пострадал. Во второй половине XIX века начинается второй расцвет города, здесь строятся многочисленные заводы и фабрики.
В ходе Великой Отечественной войны город был освобождён 30 апреля 1945 года войсками 4-го Украинского фронта в ходе Моравско-Остравской операции в составе: 138-й стрелковой дивизии полковника Васильева В. Е., 17-го гвардейского стрелкового корпуса генерал-лейтенанта Медведева Н. В., 3-й отдельной чехословацкой пехотной бригады полковника Селнера Ярослава, 1-го чехословацкого армейского корпуса генерала бригады Клапалека Карела, 146-й пушечной артиллерийской бригады полковника Миронова В. Ф.
Сегодня Жилина пятый по величине город Словакии, университетский город (с 1953 года).
В 1960 году основан Жилинский университет. Древний центр города отреставрирован в 1990-х годах.
В 2006 году начал работу автомобилестроительный завод Kia Motors Slovakia.
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Through Ružomberok, Slovakia : Sicily to Ukraine by camper van part 80
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Here I drive through the northern Slovakian town of Ružomberok
which is located in the Liptov Basin of the Sub-Tatra Basin. It is surrounded by the mountain ranges of Chočské vrchy, Greater Fatra and Low Tatras. Rivers flowing through the town are Váh, from east to west, Revúca and Likavka.
The town is located around 65 km from Žilina, 190 km from Košice and 260 km from Bratislava (by road).
From the second half of the 10th century until 1918, it was part of the Kingdom of Hungary. The first written mention about settlement was in 1233 as terra Reuche. The town was established by Germans, who named it Rosenberg. It got its town rights in 1318. In 1340, Hungarian King Charles Robert confirmed its town rights and extended more. However, its growth was interrupted as it was placed under Likavka rule.
In the 19th century, it was one of the centres of Slovak national movement. It slowly became one of the industrial and financial centres of the Kingdom of Hungary, particularly after the Kassa Oderberg Railway was completed in 1871, when many new factories emerged including paper and pulpwood works, brick works (1871) and the textile industry.
After the break-up of Austria--Hungary in 1918, Ružomberok became a part of Czechoslovakia.
According to the 2001 census, the town had 30,417 inhabitants. 96.64% of inhabitants were Slovaks, 0.95% Roma and 0.87% Czech. The religious make-up was 75.47% Roman Catholics, 14.65% people with no religious affiliation, and 5.46% Lutherans.
Ruzomberok is the home of paper and packaging manufacturer Mondi SCP.
The centre of the town is located at the Andrej Hlinka Square (Námestie Andreja Hlinku). Among the sights in or around the Square are the Roman Catholic Church of St. Andrew, first mentioned in 1318 and originally built as a Gothic, but now is in a Renaissance-Baroque style; town hall, built in 1895 in the neo-Baroque style and the church and monastery of the Holy Cross (built 1806 and 1730 respectively).
Cultural institutions in the towns include the Liptov Museum, established in 1912 which also has exhibitions outside the town. These include the Likava Castle, which is just outside the town in the Likavka village; and the Museum of the Liptov Village in Pribylina. The Ľudovít Fulla Gallery is a branch of the Slovak National Gallery and is dedicated to Fulla's works of art. The town also has the only scout museum in Slovakia.
Other sights within the town include the Evangelic church from 1923--1926, a historic building of the railway station from 1871, now protected as a national historic monument; Calvary above the town in the Classicist style, built in 1858; synagogue from 1880; and the church in Černová, where the tragedy in 1907 happened.
Attractions in the surroundings include the Čebrať mountain (1,054 m), Vlkolínec village, inscribed in 1993 to the UNESCO World Heritage Site list, and the skiing area of Malinô Brdo (also called Malinô Brdo).
TOP Finále JA Firiem 2017 & Galavečer k 25. výročiu JA Slovensko
Rivers of Babylon (by Žilinské babenky)
Rivers of Babylon v podaní Žilinských babeniek na Žilinských dňoch zdravia - Námestie Andreja Hlinku, 12.09.2013, Žilina
Rivers of Babylon performed by Zilinske babenky on Zilina Days of Health, Andrej Hlinka Square, 12th September 2013, Zilina
Slovak Republic (1939–1945) | Wikipedia audio article
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Slovak Republic (1939–1945)
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The (First) Slovak Republic (Slovak: [Prvá] Slovenská republika), otherwise known as the Slovak State (Slovak: Slovenský štát), was a client state of Nazi Germany which existed between 14 March 1939 and 4 April 1945. It controlled the majority of the territory of present-day Slovakia but without its current southern and eastern parts, which had been ceded to Hungary in 1938. The Republic bordered Germany, constituent parts of Großdeutschland, the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, Poland – and subsequently the General Government (German-occupied remnant of Poland) – along with independent Hungary.
Germany recognized the Slovak State, as did several other states, including the Provisional Government of the Republic of China, the Croatian State, El Salvador, Estonia, Italy, Hungary, Japan, Lithuania, Manchukuo, Mengjiang, Romania, the Soviet Union, Spain, Switzerland and the Vatican City. The majority of the Allies of World War II never recognized the existence of the Slovak Republic. The only exception was the Soviet Union, which nullified its recognition after Slovakia joined the invasion of the USSR in 1941.
History of Slovakia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
History of Slovakia
00:00:06 1 Prehistory
00:01:08 2 Antiquity
00:04:34 3 Medieval history
00:04:44 3.1 New migrations
00:06:02 3.2 Arrival of the Slavs
00:09:12 3.3 Avar Khaganate
00:15:07 3.4 Principality of Nitra
00:17:52 3.5 Great Moravia
00:21:53 3.6 High Middle Ages
00:22:02 3.6.1 Settlement of Hungarians in the 10th century
00:25:42 3.6.2 iTercia pars regni/i or Principality of Nitra (11th century)
00:29:50 3.6.3 Mongol invasion (1241-1242)
00:31:21 3.6.4 Development of counties and towns
00:37:04 3.6.5 Period of the oligarchs (1290–1321)
00:39:31 3.7 Late Middle Ages (14–15th centuries)
00:42:49 4 Modern Era
00:42:58 4.1 Early Modern Period
00:43:07 4.1.1 Habsburg and Ottoman administration
00:46:00 4.2 Late Modern Period
00:46:09 4.2.1 Slovak National Movement
00:47:49 4.2.2 Hungarian Revolution of 1848
00:49:39 4.2.3 Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867
00:55:00 4.2.4 Czechoslovakia
00:55:09 4.2.4.1 Formation of Czechoslovakia
00:57:01 4.2.4.2 First Czechoslovak Republic (1918–1938)
01:02:03 4.2.4.3 Towards autonomy of Slovakia (1938–1939)
01:03:40 4.2.5 World War II
01:06:34 4.2.6 Czechoslovakia after World War II
01:09:12 4.2.7 Velvet Revolution (1989)
01:11:04 5 Contemporary Period
01:11:14 5.1 Independent Slovakia
01:16:48 6 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
This article discusses the history of the territory of Slovakia.