El Infernito - Muisca Astronomical Observatory and Fertility Temple, Boyaca, Colombia 4K
El Infiernito (Spanish for The Little Hell), is a pre-Columbian archaeoastronomical site located on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense in the outskirts of Villa de Leyva, Boyacá, Colombia. It is composed of several earthworks surrounding a setting of menhirs (upright standing stones); several burial mounds are also present.[1] The site was a center of religious ceremonies and spiritual purification rites, and also served as a rudimentary astronomical observatory.[2]
History[edit]
The area was known by this name long before the discovery of the archaeological site. Spanish Conquistadors called it infiernito, or little hell, because they thought it was diabolical and labeled it as a site of Pagan worship. The first description of the site was made in 1847 by the Colombian army geographer Joaquin Acosta, who reported 25 stone columns, half-buried in the Monquirá Valley.[3] The findings were studied by Alexander von Humboldt who believed that the site could be used to anticipate astronomical phenomena such as solstices and equinoxes, as indicated by the alignment of the stones with the sun and moon.[4]
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Welcome to Colombia
Villa de Leyva ( is a colonial town located in the department of Boyacá, three hours by car from Bogotá. Villa de Leyva is one of the 17 heritage towns of Colombia ( and, today, it is one of the most visited Colombian destinations thanks to the beauty of its cobbled streets and the variety of activities that you can do here.
The perfect place for a delicious dinner at Villa de Leyva is Casa San Pedro ( where you can try traditional Italian food, Fetuccini with Italian Parmesan and a glass of wine. It is simply delicious. Another of the best restaurants in Villa de Leyva is Mercado Municipal ( a restaurant specialized in beef.
On the outskirts of Villa de Leyva is the Archaeological Park of Moniquirá ( or as people usually call it El Infiernito, in which there are some rocks of more than 2,200 years old, similar to Stonehenge in England. The rocks found in this place were used by the Muiscas, pre-Columbian Indians located in the region, as an agricultural calendar.
In Villa de Leyva you can also visit the Santo Ecce Homo Convent ( and the Ain Karim Vineyard ( The Santo Ecce Homo Convent was founded by the Dominicans on March 15, 1620 as an evangelization center and rest house away from urban centers. It is a beautiful stone and brick building that is worth visiting. On the other hand, the Ain Karim Vineyard is the ideal place to taste a great wine in Colombia and learn about the production of wine in Colombia.
And finally, one of the most visited places in Villa de Leyva is Casa Terracota ( a construction project that combines the four elements, fire, air, earth and water, and turned into architecture.
These are some of all the great places you can visit when you come to Villa de Leyva Colombia, the perfect Colombian destination.
Hey there! My name is Colombiafrank, and I’d like to welcome you to the beautiful country of Colombia. As you probably guessed, I’m a bit of an expert on Colombia travel, and I’ve got lots of great advice on Colombia tourism that will allow you to make the most of your experience as you travel Colombia.
I began traveling Colombia back in 2015 after finishing up my first semester here in Bogota working towards my MBA. I immediately fell in love with the country and the wide variety of adventures and opportunities that traveling Colombia has to offer. As a country rich in both natural and cultural diversity, your Colombian travel experience will not disappoint.
Before you can begin your Colombia travels, we must get you here first. As a foreigner myself, I understand how difficult it can be navigating your way through a foreign country. But fear not because Colombiafrank is here to help you with your travels to Colombia so that you can avoid the common mistakes and get right to the good stuff. Just think of me as your go to Colombia travel guide!
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Pelecanus is a travel agency located here in the historic city-center of Bogota, in the heart of the Candelaria. We specialize in creating custom travels and luxury tours throughout Colombia. From Medellin and Cartagena to the Amazon and the Andes, we’ve got you covered. With excellent bilingual guides in a wide variety of languages, we have everything you need to create a truly unique and memorable Colombian holiday.
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Colombia Trip 2017 Day 14 : Villa de Leyva Colombia (Increible!)
Colombia Trip 2017 Day 14 : Villa de Leyva Colombia (Increible!)
I take a 4 hour bus ride with connections from Bogota to Villa de Leyva passing through the towns of Tunja in Boyaca. I eat some bad eggs I bought from the local Exito and pay for it with horrible indigestion and a horrible bus ride. Nevertheless, the site gave me goosebumps!!!
Villa de Leyva, also called Villa de Leiva, is a touristic colonial town and municipality, in the Ricaurte Province, part of the Boyacá department of Colombia. The town is located 37 kilometres (23 mi) west of the departmental capital Tunja. It is three and a half hours by car or bus from Bogotá.
Located away from major trade routes in a high altitude valley of semi-desert terrain, and with no mineral deposits nearby to exploit, the town has undergone little development in the last 400 years. As a consequence, it is one of the few towns in Colombia to have preserved much of its original colonial style and architecture: the streets and large central plaza are still paved with cobblestones, and many buildings date from the sixteenth century. This has resulted in Villa de Leyva becoming one of Colombia's principal tourist attractions, and it was declared a National Monument on December 17, 1954 to preserve its architecture. The town and the surrounding countryside, which contains several sites of interest, are popular weekend destinations for citizens of Bogota, and attract an increasing number of foreign tourists.
The area of Villa de Leyva was inhabited early in the inhabitation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense. The earliest archaeological evidence has been surfaced around El Infiernito, an archeoastronomical site dating back to pre-Herrera times. The Muisca were the inhabitants of the area at the time of the Spanish conquest and the zaque of Hunza ruled over the area of Villa de Leyva.
The town was founded on June 12, 1572 by and named after the first president of the New Kingdom of Granada, Andrés Díaz Venero de Leiva
The focus of the town is the Plaza Mayor, which at 14,000 square meters is the largest square in Colombia and believed to be the largest entirely cobbled square in South America.
The town's most famous son is Antonio Ricaurte (1797–1814), a captain in Simon Bolivar's army fighting for independence, and who died in a famous act of self-sacrifice at San Mateo in what is now Venezuela. The house in which he was born, on the Plazuela de San Agustín, was acquired by Colombia's Air Force in 1977 and turned into a military museum.
Villa de Leyva has also been home to two other well-known figures in Colombian history. Antonio Nariño, best known for translating The Rights of Man into Spanish and a leading advocate for Colombian independence, lived the last few years of his life and died in Villa de Leyva. Luis Alberto Acuña (1904 – 1993), one of the most important Colombian artists of the 20th century, also spent his final years in the town. The houses of both men are now museums containing their personal properties, and in the case of Acuña, a selection of his works, including two murals on the walls of the internal patio.
The House of the First Congress, where the First Congress of the United Provinces of Nueva Granada met on October 4, 1812, is located on the north corner of the main plaza. It is currently the site of the municipal council.
A few miles further west is a Muisca astronomy observatory, made of phallic stones, colloquially named El Infiernito (little hell in Spanish), as the Spanish conquistadors were horrified by the stones and proclaimed that the Muisca would be banished to hell for their obscene representations.
To the north-east of Villa de Leyva, the land rises to cloud-forest and includes the national park of Iguaque, and a group of seven waterfalls collectively named La Periquera, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the town centre.
Villa de leyva pozos azules ,Villa de leyva boyaca colombia ,Villa de leyva colombia , Villa de leyva sitios turisticos
ZEBRA TRIPS VILLA DE LEYVA BOYACA COLOMBIA
Lo invitamos a una fascinante experiencia contemplando en camperos safari la diversidad de los ecosistemas de Villa de Leyva, desde el frío y húmedo páramo hasta seco y árido desierto y toda su cosmogonía representada en astronomía, paleontología, arqueología e historia... ven y disfruta con nosotros.....
El Infiernito: Colombia’s Penis Stonehenge
These phallic symbols may have been “erected” in the hopes of enhancing fertility.
museo arqueologico de sogamoso.wmv
Una breve demostración del templo del sol
Fossils, dinosaurs &, surprisingly, more willies Jenandtony's photos around Villa De Leyva
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Museu Nacional Arqueologia Pré Colombiana
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Jago Cooper, arqueólogo especializado en Sudamérica, nos muestra cómo eran y cuál fue el destino de las dos sociedades que brillaron por su cultura, su organización y su oro, en el año 700 d.C.. Se trata de los Tairona y los Muisca, pueblos arraigados en la tierra de El Dorado, Colombia.
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Bogotá | Wikipedia audio article
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Bogotá
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Bogotá (, , ; Spanish pronunciation: [boɣoˈta] (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé/Santa Fé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often erroneously thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.
Bogotá was founded as the capital of the New Kingdom of Granada on August 6, 1538, by Spanish conquistador Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada after a harsh expedition into the Andes conquering the Muisca. The Muisca were the indigenous inhabitants of the region and called the settlement where Bogotá was founded Bacatá, which in the Chibcha language means The Lady of the Andes. Further, the word 'Andes' in the Aymara language means shining mountain, thus rendering the full lexical signification of Bogotá as The Lady of the shining mountain. After the Battle of Boyacá on August 7, 1819, Bogotá became the capital of the independent nation of Gran Colombia. Since the Viceroyalty of New Granada's independence from the Spanish Empire and during the formation of present-day Colombia, Bogotá has remained the capital of this territory.
The city is located in the center of Colombia, on a high plateau known as the Bogotá savanna, part of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense located in the Eastern Cordillera of the Andes. It is the third-highest capital in South America (after Quito and La Paz), at an average of 2,640 metres (8,660 ft) above sea level. Subdivided into 20 localities, Bogotá has an area of 1,587 square kilometres (613 square miles) and a relatively cool climate that is constant through the year.
The city is home to central offices of the executive branch (Office of the President), the legislative branch (Congress of Colombia) and the judicial branch (Supreme Court of Justice, Constitutional Court, Council of State and the Superior Council of Judicature) of the Colombian government. Bogotá stands out for its economic strength and associated financial maturity, its attractiveness to global companies and the quality of human capital. It is the financial and commercial heart of Colombia, with the most business activity of any city in the country. The capital hosts the main financial market in Colombia and the Andean natural region, and is the leading destination for new foreign direct investment projects coming into Latin America and Colombia. It has the highest nominal GDP in the country, contributing most to the national total (24.7%), and it is the seventh-largest city by size of GDP in Latin America (about USD 159,850 million).The city's airport, El Dorado International Airport, named after the mythical El Dorado, handles the largest cargo volume in Latin America, and is third in number of people. Bogotá is home to the largest number of universities and research centers in the country, and is an important cultural center, with many theaters, libraries and museums, of which the Museo del Oro is the most important,. Bogotá ranks 52nd on the Global Cities Index 2014, and is considered a global city type Alpha − by GaWC.
Senators, Ambassadors, Governors, Republican Nominee for Vice President (1950s Interviews)
Interviewees:
A. S. Mike Monroney, Democratic Party politician from Oklahoma
Estes Kefauver, American politician from Tennessee
Everett Dirksen, American politician of the Republican Party
Fred Andrew Seaton, United States Secretary of the Interior during Dwight Eisenhower's administration
Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., Republican United States Senator from Massachusetts and a U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, South Vietnam, West Germany, and the Holy See (as Representative). He was the Republican nominee for Vice President in the 1960 Presidential election.
Herbert H. Lehman, Democratic Party politician from New York. He was the 45th Governor of New York from 1933 to 1942, and represented New York in the United States Senate from 1950 to 1957.
Everett McKinley Dirksen (January 4, 1896 -- September 7, 1969) was an American politician of the Republican Party. He represented Illinois in the U.S. House of Representatives (1933--1949) and U.S. Senate (1951--1969). As Senate Minority Leader for over a decade, he played a highly visible and key role in the politics of the 1960s, including helping to write and pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Open Housing Act of 1968, both landmarks of civil rights legislation. He was also one of the Senate's strongest supporters of the Vietnam War and was known as The Wizard of Ooze for his oratorical style.
In 1946 Lodge defeated Democratic Senator David I. Walsh and returned to the U.S. Senate. He soon emerged as a spokesman for the moderate, internationalist wing of the Republican Party. In late 1951, Lodge helped persuade General Dwight D. Eisenhower to run for the Republican presidential nomination. When Eisenhower finally consented, Lodge served as his campaign manager and played a key role in helping Eisenhower to win the nomination over Senator Robert A. Taft of Ohio, the candidate of the party's conservative faction.
In the fall of 1952 Lodge found himself fighting in a tight race for re-election with John F. Kennedy, then a Congressman from Massachusetts. Due to his efforts in helping Eisenhower, Lodge had neglected his own Senate campaign. In addition, some of Taft's supporters in Massachusetts were angered when Lodge supported Eisenhower, and they defected to Kennedy's campaign.[10] In November 1952 Lodge was narrowly defeated by Kennedy; Lodge received 48.5% of the vote to Kennedy's 51.5%. This was neither the first nor last time a Lodge faced a Kennedy in a Massachusetts election: In 1916 Henry Cabot Lodge, Sr. had defeated Kennedy's grandfather John F. Fitzgerald for the same Senate seat, and Lodge's son, George C. Lodge, was defeated in his bid for the seat by Kennedy's brother Ted in the 1962 election for John F. Kennedy's unexpired term.
In February 1953, Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. was named U.S. ambassador to the United Nations by President Eisenhower, with his office elevated to Cabinet level rank. In contrast to his grandfather (who had been a principal opponent of the UN's predecessor, the League of Nations), Lodge was supportive of the UN as an institution for promoting peace. As he famously said about it, This organization is created to prevent you from going to hell. It isn't created to take you to heaven.[11] Since that time, no one has even approached his record of seven years as ambassador to the UN. During his time as UN Ambassador, Lodge supported the Cold War policies of the Eisenhower Administration, and often engaged in debates with the UN representatives of the Soviet Union. In 1959 he escorted Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev on a highly-publicized tour of the United States.