Armagh - A Civil Parish - The County Town of County Armagh
Armagh, Northern Ireland is the county town of county Armagh and it is also a civil Parish. Armagh is the ecclesiastical capital of Ireland and it is now the place where the two cathedrals named after Saint Patrick are found along with the old buildings.
Armagh in Northern Ireland has been famous for its Georgian architecture as well as some of the historic buildings that date back to many many years which are found there, just as the ones we have come across by this trail we started.
The adventure we have started in Armagh - all excited - began with the Armagh Chapel and the Archbishop's Palace or which is now considered the Armagh Council Offices. To make the trip more adventurous, we decided to go up the hill trying to find the Ice House, which we finally managed to find.
The Archbishop's Palace that is found in Armagh, Northern Ireland, is one of the oldest landmarks of the place; it is a Neo-classical building located over 300 acres of parkland just south of the center of the city. This palace was used in different ways, since it started as the primary residence of the Church of Ireland Archbishops of Ireland for over 200 years, and then it was the headquarters of Armagh City and District Council until 2015.
On the same ground and just adjacent to the Palace, there is the Primatial Chapel which was also built for Robinson and was taking the style of a classic old iconic temple. For those who got the chance to see the interior of this chapel, they almost know why it is considered one of the most beautiful Irish ecclesiastical interiors found out there.
The ground where the Archbishop's palace was built is considered huge to the extent that you might come across several things which you didn't even know existed and which are all considered part of the place and might have been built for specific reasons, such as the Rokeby Obelisk, which is found at the top where the high point of the palace is found, known as Knox's hill.
Apart from the treasures and buildings that one will manage to find in this place, we have to mention that its location is also considered special! We have been to the Archbishop's palace and wished that these are our offices now due to the view it has; it is on a high ground itself and thus offer a good view of the city and the Church of Ireland Cathedral.
On the same grounds of this outstanding palace, there are several things that one could see, such as the the walled garden at the north end with a garden house, 19th century glasshouse and an ice house at the west of the palace as well as that other one which is found just near the main entrance of the palace, there are the stables and the coach yard but which is now being used as a visitor's center, as well as one of the three main entrance gates which is still found regardless those which have been demolished, some ruins of a Franciscan Friary, and finally a holly well that was dedicated to Saint Brigid.
When one visits a new destination and historical location, he/she should always move in every road and get into any building that allows access in order to make out the best of this first visit, such as what we have done from running around the place, trying to climb the old ruins, and reaching out for every single door :-)!
These are all beautiful things to be seen but what got our attention at the end of the trip are the ruins of the Franciscan Friary which were discovered by Archbishop Patrick O'Scannail in 1263, which is considered a very very long time ago. This Friary is found at the south-east edge of Armagh and could be also found at the entrance of the Palace Demesne. What we have to mention here about the Franciscan Friary is that it is the longest monastery found in Ireland - an enough reason to shed the lights on it!
As a family, this was the first time for us to visit Armagh, Northern Ireland, and we think that we might come back again to check whether we could get inside or not. We enjoyed the whole trip starting from choosing the trail which we are going to follow and ending with trying to climb the ruins of the Franciscan Friary, of course that's all apart from the running the kids have been doing around!
Northern Ireland is a country to enjoy lots of historical places in and make the best out of the vacation you took. You could visit Belfast City Hall ( you could also check the Cliffs of Moher ( you could take your family and enjoy the Crumlin Road Gaol ( you could visit the Ulster American Folk Park Omagh and enjoy a good day there ( and you could also manage to come across Oranmore Castle (
Northern Ireland attractions are numerous, so choose what you want to visit and tell us your feedback! (
Have a nice trip to Northern Ireland!
Diaconate Ordinations 2018
Brothers Matthew Farrell and Jesse Maingot OP, members of the Irish Dominican Province, were ordained deacons in St Saviour’s church, Dublin, yesterday, 2 April, by Bishop Denis Nulty.
Matthew Farrell is a native of Daingean, Co. Offaly. Jesse Maingot is a native of Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies. Bro. Jesse does his formation as a Dominican in Ireland as the Dominican Priories in Trinidad and Tobago are part of the Irish Province.
Both men joined the Order in 2012, making profession of solemn vows (lifelong commitment) in 2017. Brother Matthew and Brother Jesse will continue their studies in theology as part of the journey towards being ordained priests in the summer of 2019.
JAM & GIG With Franciscan Singing Priests & Sisters directed by Patrick Seras
PATRICK THE MUSIC STUDIO in cooperation with INTER-FRANCISCAN Religious Communities and SAN ISIDRO LABRADOR PARISH presents JAM AND GIG with Franciscan Singing Priests and Sisters with special participation of Davao Clergy and Religious, directed by Mr. PATRICK L. SERAS.
Bangor Abbey Co Down Northern ireland
I've stopped off to have a look round the Abbey in the seaside town Bangor Co Down Northern Ireland.
Bangor Abbey was established by Saint Comgall in 558 in Bangor, and was famous as a Christian teaching and learning centre for hundreds of years. The name Bangor was sometimes written Beannchor'. It was also called the Vale of Angels, because, according to a popular legend, St. Patrick once rested there and saw the valley filled with angels.
Saint Comgall was born in Antrim in 517, and educated at Clooneenagh Co Clare and Clonmacnoise County Offaly. The spirit of monasticism was then strong in Ireland. Many sought solitude the better to serve God, and with this object Comgall retired to a lonely island. The pleadings of his friends drew him from his retreat and he went on to found a monastery of Bangor.
Under his rule, which was rigid, prayer and fasting were incessant. Food was scant and plain. Worship held the foremost place in the life of the community. It is clear that music was a prominent feature of the worship of the Bangor monks. Crowds came to share his penances and his vigils. They also came to be taught from the Scriptures.
Bangor Abbey is regarded as one of the most important of the early Northern Irish monastic sites, second only to Armagh. Within the extensive rampart which encircled its monastic buildings, students studied scripture, theology, logic, geometry, arithmetic, music, and the classics. Mo Sinu moccu Min was the fifth abbot of Bangor. It is thought that he tutored Columbanus.
Bangor was a major center of learning—called the Light of the World—and trained many missionaries. Carthach of Lismore studied at Bangor, as did Fintan of Doon. Saint Mirin was a prior at Bangor before leaving to found Paisley Abbey in Renfrewshire. Columbanus and Gall went off to Continental Europe in 590 AD and founded the famous monasteries of Luxiell (France), St Gallen (Switzerland) and Bobbio (Italy).
Like many early Irish monasteries, Bangor was destroyed and rebuilt on many occasions. Being near the sea it was probably plundered by Viking raiders. It was in such a poor state that when St. Malachy became Abbot of Bangor in 1121 he had to build everything anew. In 1469, the Franciscans had possession of it, and a century later the Augustinians, after which, at the dissolution of the monasteries, it was given by James I to Sir James Hamilton who repaired the church in 1617 and was buried in it when he died in 1644. It appears that stone from the abbey was used in the construction of the new church. All that remains of the Abbey ruins is St. Malachy's Wall. The present Tower of the church dates back to the 14th century.
Franciscans in the Holy Land ask for urgent help for Syrian families
The Custodian of the Holy Land, Pierbattista Pizzaballa, send an urgent message asking for emergency donations to help support Syrian families. The ongoing violence is escalating among rival groups, and already hundreds of thousands of people were forced to feel their homes. .
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2013, St Isidore's Irish College, Rome - Part 2/2
2013, St Isidore's Irish College, Rome - Part 2/2
Saint Isidore's College is part of the Irish Franciscan Province of the Order of Friars Minor. The College today is on lease to the Minister General of the Order, who has transferred to St. Isidore's what was the entire community and activity of St. Bonaventure's College, Grottaferrata ( Rome ).
It has been agreed to retain an Irish Franciscan presence, if at all possible. Significant structural work has been done to house the new community, and to house the library from Grottaferrata.
The new community took up residence in early November 2008, and now numbers fourteen friars from eight different countries - Italy, Ireland, Germany, Poland, South Africa/USA, Switzerland and Madagascar.
The main work of the community is research and publication, and the maintenance of two important research libraries
History: (Continued from Part 1)
Inspired by its founder, St.Isidores went far beyond its original purpose. It not only became a centre for Irish nationalist exiles, including the group of exiles Wadding had gathered round him, but also a centre of learning and culture, and a centre of missionary activity known thoughout Europe. Luke Wadding was considered by many Ireland's first ambassador to the Holy See.
The chief object of St.Isidore's College was never forgotten: the training of missionary friars to keep the faith alive at home in Ireland. Many gave their lives in so doing, among them Francis O'Sullivan of Kerry and Patrick Fleming of Slane ( he suffered in Prague), Eugene of Cahan, Bonaventure O'Carrighy, Daniel Neilan of County Clare, and Richard Synnot of Wexford. The missionaries travelled to Ireland in secret and in disguise, living in the utmost hardship, sometimes in hill-cabins and caves, enduring hunger and cold.
Inspired by its founder, St.Isidore's went far beyond its original purpose. It not only became a centre for Irish nationalist exiles, including the group of exiles Wadding had gathered round him, but also a centre of learning and culture, and a centre of missionary activity known throughout Europe. Luke Wadding was considered by many Ireland's first ambassador to the Holy See.
The chief object of St.Isidore's College was never forgotten: the training of missionary friars to keep the faith alive at home. Many gave their lives in so doing, among them Francis O'Sullivan of Kerry and Patrick Fleming of Slane ( he suffered in Prague), Eugene of Cahan, Bonaventure O'Carrighy, Daniel Neilan of County Clare, and Richard Synnot of Wexford. The missionaries travelled to Ireland in secret and in disguise, living in the utmost hardship, sometimes in hill-cabins and caves, enduring hunger and cold.
The mortal remains of many patriots and scholars, who were exiled for their religion, are buried in the crypt below the Church. For three centuries it was the crypt of the Irish in Rome. Their names are recorded on tombs and paving-stones. Cardinal Corsini is buried there, and Luke Wadding himself;also James MacCormack and, among others, Aodh Mac Aingil (Hugh McCaughwell) known to scholars and experts as Ireland's most outstanding theologian of the times. MacAingil taught philosophy and theology for fourteen years at St.Anthony's College in Leuven, and was consecrated Archbishop of Armagh, but he died in Rome in 1626 before setting out for his See.
Opposite the altar of St Francis is a recumbent effigy of Octavia Catherine Bryan, an 18-year old Irish girl, who caught a fever and died during a visit to Rome in 1864. She was the daughter of Colonel George Bryan, prominent in the Catholic Emancipation Movement. John Henry Newman, the future cardinal, but then a deacon studying in Rome as a convert from Anglicanism, was asked to preach his first sermon as a Catholic at the funeral of Colonel Bryan's daughter. He recorded the event in his diary.
Above the door at one end of the College portico St Patrick's famous dictum is inscribed, enjoining obedience to the Holy See, best known for its last line implying that to be a Christian is therefore to be Roman: SI QUAE DIFFICILES QUAESTIONES IN HAC INSULA ORIANTUR AD SEDEM APOSTOLICAM REFERANTUR UT CHRISTIANI ITA ET ROMANI SITIS
Blessed Sacrament Procession: led by the Abbot of Buckfast. A Day With Mary
Blessed Sacrament Procession: led by the Rt. Rev. David Charlesworth, Abbot of Buckfast. A Day With Mary, Buckfast Abbey, Devon England. Saturday 21 June 2014. All DWM videos at: - Click cog & select to watch in 1080pHD (full HD)
Singing friars in the cloister
Assisi General Chapter 2015
Catholic Church and slavery | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Catholic Church and slavery
00:04:56 1 Catholic teaching
00:05:43 1.1 Development
00:06:20 1.2 Definitions
00:10:23 1.3 Slavery in the New Testament
00:13:15 1.4 Early Christianity
00:16:50 1.5 Augustine
00:17:51 1.6 Pope Gregory I
00:19:17 1.7 Thomas Aquinas
00:21:48 2 Early Christianity
00:25:36 3 Medieval period
00:31:05 4 Helping and freeing slaves
00:34:24 4.1 Wars against Muslims
00:35:47 4.2 Slavery incorporated into canon law
00:37:22 5 Revival of slavery in the Early Modern Period
00:38:45 5.1 Before Columbus
00:45:14 5.2 Spanish New World
00:49:42 5.3 Requerimiento
00:51:04 6 16th century
00:51:14 6.1 Slavery in Europe
00:53:07 6.2 Sublimis Deus
00:57:29 7 17th century
00:58:21 8 18th century
00:58:55 9 The movement towards abolition of slavery
01:02:00 9.1 iIn supremo apostolatus/i
01:04:36 9.2 Pope Leo XIII
01:06:16 9.3 United States
01:11:59 9.4 Concerning Ethiopians
01:13:53 9.5 Brazil
01:14:37 10 20th century and 21st century
01:17:14 11 Did Church teaching on slavery change?
01:24:53 12 See also
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The issue of slavery was one that was historically treated with concern by the Catholic Church. Throughout most of human history, slavery has been practiced and accepted by many cultures and religions around the world. Certain passages in the Old Testament sanctioned forms of slavery. The New Testament taught slaves to obey their masters, but this was not an endorsement of slavery, but an appeal to Christian slaves to honor their masters and accept their suffering for Christ's sake, in imitation of him. In proclaiming baptism for all, the Church recognized that all men were fundamentally equal. After the legalisation of Christianity under the Roman Empire, there was a growing sentiment that many kinds of slavery were not compatible with Christian conceptions of charity and justice; some argued against all forms of slavery while others, including the influential Thomas Aquinas, argued the case for penal slavery subject to certain restrictions. The Christian west did succeed in almost entirely enforcing that a free Christian could not be enslaved, for example when a captive in war, but this itself was subject to continual improvement and was not consistently applied throughout history. The Middle Ages also witnessed the emergence of orders of monks such as the Mercedarians who were founded for the purpose of ransoming Christian slaves. By the end of the Medieval period, enslavement of Christians had been largely abolished throughout Europe although enslavement of non-Christians remained permissible, and had seen a revival in Spain and Portugal.
Although some Catholic clergy, religious orders and Popes owned slaves, and the naval galleys of the Papal States were to use captured Muslim galley slaves, Roman Catholic teaching began to turn more strongly against unjust forms of slavery in general, beginning in 1435, prohibiting the enslavement of the recently baptised, culminating in condemnation of the enslavement of indigenous peoples by Pope Paul III in 1537. However, when the Age of Discovery greatly increased the number of slaves owned by Christians, the response of the clergy, under strong political pressures, was confused and ineffective in preventing the establishment of slave societies in the colonies of Catholic countries. Earlier Papal bulls such as Pope Nicholas V's 1452 Dum Diversas, or Romanus Pontifex from 1454, permitting the perpetual servitude of saracens and pagans in Africa, were used to justify enslavement of natives and the appropriation of their lands during this era.The depopulation of the Americas, and consequently the shortage of slaves, that came about through diseases allegedly brought over by the Europeans, and the harsh treatment of the native populations, inspired increasing debate during the 16th century over the morality of slavery. The first extensive shipment of black Africans to make good the shortage of native slaves, what would lat ...
Friars Greeting Visitors - Assisi
Friars Greeting Visitors
Canons regular | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Canons regular
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SUMMARY
=======
Canons regular are priests in the Latin Church living in community under a rule (regula in Latin), and sharing their property in common.
Friar Alessandro - Ave Maria - Shepherd's Fields, Bethlehem
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Voice of Joy is a collection of traditional Christmas carols, seasonal melodies and sacred arias, recorded in two very different locations: the United Kingdom and Bethlehem, the latter in the heart of the Holy Land.
Cistercians | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:04:18 1 History
00:04:27 1.1 Foundation
00:08:10 1.1.1 Cistercian reform
00:10:50 1.1.1.1 Charter of Charity
00:13:19 1.2 High and Late Middle Ages
00:13:30 1.2.1 Spread: 1111–52
00:25:12 1.2.2 Later expansion
00:33:37 1.2.3 Decline and attempted reforms
00:42:40 1.3 Protestant Reformation
00:44:11 1.4 After the Protestant Reformation
00:46:23 2 Influence
00:46:33 2.1 Architecture
00:47:19 2.1.1 Theological principles
00:49:43 2.1.2 Engineering and construction
00:52:47 2.1.3 Legacy
00:55:44 2.2 Art
01:00:56 2.3 Commercial enterprise and technological diffusion
01:07:08 2.4 Theology
01:11:12 2.5 City growth
01:12:05 3 Present day
01:12:15 3.1 Abbots General
01:16:00 3.2 Monastic life
01:18:26 3.3 Cistercian nuns
01:19:50 4 Non-Catholic Cistercians
01:20:41 5 See also
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I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Cistercians (), officially the Order of Cistercians (Latin: (Sacer) Ordo Cisterciensis, abbreviated as OCist or SOCist), are a Catholic religious order of monks and nuns that branched off from the Benedictines and follow the Rule of Saint Benedict. They are also known as Bernardines, after the highly influential St. Bernard of Clairvaux (though that term is also used of the Franciscan Order in Poland and Lithuania); or as White Monks, in reference to the colour of the cuccula or white choir robe worn by the Cistercians over their habits, as opposed to the black cuccula worn by Benedictine monks.
The term Cistercian (French Cistercien), derives from Cistercium, the Latin name for the village of Cîteaux, near Dijon in eastern France. It was in this village that a group of Benedictine monks from the monastery of Molesme founded Cîteaux Abbey in 1098, with the goal of following more closely the Rule of Saint Benedict. The best known of them were Robert of Molesme, Alberic of Cîteaux and the English monk Stephen Harding, who were the first three abbots. Bernard of Clairvaux entered the monastery in the early 1110s with 30 companions and helped the rapid proliferation of the order. By the end of the 12th century, the order had spread throughout France and into England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Scandinavia and Eastern Europe.
The keynote of Cistercian life was a return to literal observance of the Rule of St Benedict. Rejecting the developments the Benedictines had undergone, the monks tried to replicate monastic life as it had been in Saint Benedict's time; indeed in various points they went beyond it in austerity. The most striking feature in the reform was the return to manual labour, especially agricultural work in the fields, a special characteristic of Cistercian life. The Cistercians also made major contributions to culture and technology in medieval Europe: Cistercian architecture is considered one of the most beautiful styles of medieval architecture; and the Cistercians were the main force of technological diffusion in fields such as agriculture, hydraulic engineering, and metallurgy.
The original emphasis of Cistercian life was on manual labour and self-sufficiency, and many abbeys have traditionally supported themselves through activities such as agriculture and brewing ales. Over the centuries, however, education and academic pursuits came to dominate the life of many monasteries. A reform movement seeking a simpler lifestyle began in 17th-century France at La Trappe Abbey, and became known as the Trappists. The Trappists were eventually consolidated in 1892 into a new order called the Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance (Latin: Ordo Cisterciensis Strictioris Observantiae), abbreviated as OCSO. The Cistercians who did not observe these reforms and remained within the Order of Cistercians and are sometimes called the Cistercians of the Common Observance when d ...
Canons Regular | Wikipedia audio article
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Canons Regular
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This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Canons regular are priests in the Latin Church living in community under a rule (regula in Latin), and sharing their property in common.
Hillen: Return to Newry (part 2)
Part two of the documentary about Irish artist Seán Hillen.
Interviewees include Jack Gilligan & Tanya Kiang.
2006
Irish Catholic Martyrs | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Irish Catholic Martyrs
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Irish Catholic Martyrs (Irish: Mairtírigh Chaitliceacha na hÉireann) were dozens of people who have been sanctified in varying degrees for dying for their Roman Catholic faith between 1537 and 1714 in Ireland. The canonisation of Oliver Plunkett in 1975 brought an awareness of the other men and women who died for the Catholic faith in the 16th and 17th centuries. On 22 September 1992 Pope John Paul II proclaimed a representative group from Ireland as martyrs and beatified them. Martyr was originally a Greek word meaning witness. In the Acts of the Apostles, Peter, speaking to those in Jerusalem at Pentecost, claimed he and all the apostles were martyrs, that is, witnesses, in this case to Jesus's resurrection. Later the word came to mean a person who followed the example of Christ and gave up their lives rather than deny their faith.
Cistercians | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Cistercians
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Cistercians (), officially the Order of Cistercians (Latin: (Sacer) Ordo Cisterciensis, abbreviated as OCist or SOCist), are a Catholic religious order of monks and nuns that branched off from the Benedictines and follow the Rule of Saint Benedict. They are also known as Bernardines, after the highly influential St. Bernard of Clairvaux (though that term is also used of the Franciscan Order in Poland and Lithuania); or as White Monks, in reference to the colour of the cuccula or white choir robe worn by the Cistercians over their habits, as opposed to the black cuccula worn by Benedictine monks.
The term Cistercian (French Cistercien), derives from Cistercium, the Latin name for the village of Cîteaux, near Dijon in eastern France. It was in this village that a group of Benedictine monks from the monastery of Molesme founded Cîteaux Abbey in 1098, with the goal of following more closely the Rule of Saint Benedict. The best known of them were Robert of Molesme, Alberic of Cîteaux and the English monk Stephen Harding, who were the first three abbots. Bernard of Clairvaux entered the monastery in the early 1110s with 30 companions and helped the rapid proliferation of the order. By the end of the 12th century, the order had spread throughout France and into England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Scandinavia and Eastern Europe.
The keynote of Cistercian life was a return to literal observance of the Rule of St Benedict. Rejecting the developments the Benedictines had undergone, the monks tried to replicate monastic life as it had been in Saint Benedict's time; indeed in various points they went beyond it in austerity. The most striking feature in the reform was the return to manual labour, especially agricultural work in the fields, a special characteristic of Cistercian life. The Cistercians also made major contributions to culture and technology in mediaeval Europe: Cistercian architecture is considered one of the most beautiful styles of medieval architecture; and the Cistercians were the main force of technological diffusion in fields such as agriculture, hydraulic engineering, and metallurgy.
The original emphasis of Cistercian life was on manual labour and self-sufficiency, and many abbeys have traditionally supported themselves through activities such as agriculture and brewing ales. Over the centuries, however, education and academic pursuits came to dominate the life of many monasteries. A reform movement seeking a simpler lifestyle began in 17th-century France at La Trappe Abbey, and became known as the Trappists. The Trappists were eventually consolidated in 1892 into a new order called the Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance (Latin: Ordo Cisterciensis Strictioris Observantiae), abbreviated as OCSO. The Cistercians who did not observe these reforms and remained within the Order of Cistercians and are sometimes called the Cistercians of the Common Observance when distinguishing them from the Trappists.
Celtic Rite | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Celtic Rite
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The term Celtic Rite is applied to the various liturgical rites used in Celtic Christianity in Britain, Ireland and Brittany and the monasteries founded by St. Columbanus and Saint Catald in France, Germany, Switzerland, and Italy during the early middle ages. The term does not imply homogeneity; the evidence, scanty and fragmentary as it is, is in favour of considerable diversity.
Christian monasticism | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Christian monasticism
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SUMMARY
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Christian monasticism is the devotional practice of individuals who live ascetic and typically cloistered lives that are dedicated to Christian worship. It began to develop early in the history of the Christian Church, modeled upon scriptural examples and ideals, including those in the Old Testament, but not mandated as an institution in the scriptures. It has come to be regulated by religious rules (e.g. the Rule of Saint Augustine, Anthony the Great, St Pachomius, the Rule of St Basil, the Rule of St Benedict,) and, in modern times, the Canon law of the respective Christian denominations that have forms of monastic living. Those living the monastic life are known by the generic terms monks (men) and nuns (women). The word monk originated from the Greek monachos monk, itself from monos meaning alone.Monks did not live in monasteries at first, rather, they began by living alone, as the word monos might suggest. As more people took on the lives of monks, living alone in the wilderness, they started to come together and model themselves after the original monks nearby. Quickly, the monks formed communities to further their ability to observe an ascetic life. According to Christianity historian Robert Louis Wilken, By creating an alternate social structure within the Church they laid the foundations for one of the most enduring Christian institutions . . . Monastics generally dwell in a monastery, whether they live there in community (cenobites), or in seclusion (recluses).