Shushtar Historical Hydraulic System - Iran Khuzestan Province
Shushtar Historical Hydraulic System, (Persian: سازههای آبی شوشتر) is an island city from the Sassanid era with a complex irrigation system. Located in Iran's Khuzestan Province.It was registered on UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites in 2009 and is Iran's 10th cultural heritage site to be registered on the United Nations' list.
Shushtar infrastructure included water mills, dams, tunnels, and canals. GarGar weir was built on the watermills and waterfalls. Bolayti canal is situated on the eastern side of the water mills and water falls and the functions to supply water from behind the GarGar bridge to the east side of water mills and the channel the water of river in order to prevent the damage to the water mills. Dahaneye shahr tunnel (city orifice) is one of the three main tunnels which channeled the water from behind the GarGar weir into the water mill and then run several water mills. Seh koreh canal channels the water from behind the GarGar bridge into the western side. In water mills and water falls, there are noticeable mills we can see a perfect model of haltering to run mills.
The Band-e Kaisar (Caesar's dam), an approximately 500-metre (1,600 ft) long Roman weir across the Karun, was the key structure of the complex which, along with the Band-i-Mizan, retained and diverted river water into the irrigation canals in the area. Built by a Roman workforce in the 3rd century AD on Sassanid order, it was the most eastern Roman bridge and Roman dam and the first structure in Iran to combine a bridge with a dam.
Parts of the irrigation system are said to originally date to the time of Darius the Great, an Achaemenian king of Iran. It partly consists of a pair of primary diversion canals in the Karun river, one of which is still in use today. It delivers water to the Shushtar city via a route of supplying tunnels.The area includes Selastel Castel, which is the axis for operation of the hydraulic system. It also consists of a tower for water level measurement, along with bridges, dams, mills, and basins.
Then it enters the plain south from the city, where its impact includes enabling the possibility of farming over the area called Mianâb and planting orchards. In fact the whole area between the two diversion canals (Shutayt and Gargar) on Karun river is called Mianâb, an island having the Shushtar city at its northern end.
The site has been referred to as a masterpiece of creative genius by UNESCO.
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Shushtar
Shushtar Shushtar is an ancient fortress city, approximately 92 kilometres (57 mi) away from Ahvaz, the centre of the province. Much of its past agricultural productivity derives from the Roman-built irrigation system which centered on the Band-e Kaisar, the first dam bridge in Iran.
Shushtar Historical Hydraulic System. May 2012.
Is an island city from the Sassanid era with a complex irrigation system, situated in Iran's Khuzestan Province. It has been registered on UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites in 2009, as Iran's 10th cultural heritage site to be registered on the United Nation's list.
The Band-e Kaisar (Caesar's dam), an approximately 500 m long Roman weir across the Karun, was the key structure of the complex which, along with the Band-i-Mizan, retained and diverted river water into the irrigation canals in the area.[4] Built by a Roman workforce in the 3rd century AD on Sassanid order,It was the most eastern Roman bridge and Roman dam[6] and the first structure in Iran to combine a bridge with a dam.[
Parts of the irrigation system are said to originally date to the time of Darius the Great, an Achaemenian king of Iran. It partly consists of a pair of primary diversion canals in the Karun river, one of which is still in use today. It delivers water to the Shushtar city via a route of supplying tunnels.[1] The area includes Selastel Castel, which is the axis for operation of the hydraulic system. It also consists of a tower for water level measurement, along with bridges, dams, mills, and basins.
Then it enters the plain south from the city, where its impact includes enabling the possibility of farming over the area called Mianâb and planting orchards.In fact the whole area between the two diversion canals (Shutayt and Gargar) on Karun river is called Mianâb, an island having the Shushtar city at its northern end. WKP.
Shushtar Historical Hydraulic System, (Persian: سازههای آبی شوشتر)
iran new look seris
iran-khuzestan-shushtar
(Shushtar Historical Hydraulic System )
Director and edit by: ashkan joushan poosh
cameraman : Masoud rezaei
Shushtar Historical Hydraulic System, (Persian: سازههای آبی شوشتر) is a complex irrigation system of the island city Shushtar from the Sassanid era.
Located in Iran's Khuzestan Province.[1][2] It was registered on UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites in 2009 and is Iran's 10th cultural heritage site to be registered on the United Nations' list.[1][3]
Shushtar infrastructure included water mills, dams, tunnels, and canals. GarGar weir was built on the watermills and waterfalls. Bolayti canal is situated on the eastern side of the water mills and water falls and functions to supply water from behind the GarGar bridge to the east side of water mills and channel the water in order to prevent damage to the water mills. Dahaneye shahr tunnel (city orifice) is one of the three main tunnels which channeled the water from behind the GarGar weir into the water mill and then run several water mills. Seh koreh canal channels the water from behind the GarGar bridge into the western side. In the water mills and water falls, we can see a perfect model of haltering to run mills.[1][3]
The Band-e Kaisar (Caesar's dam), an approximately 500-metre (1,600 ft) long Roman weir across the Karun, was the key structure of the complex which, along with the Band-i-Mizan, retained and diverted river water into the irrigation canals in the area.[4] Built by a Roman workforce in the 3rd century AD on Sassanid order,[5] it was the most eastern Roman bridge and Roman dam[6] and the first structure in Iran to combine a bridge with a dam.[7]
Parts of the irrigation system are said to originally date to the time of Darius the Great, an Achaemenian king of Iran. It partly consists of a pair of primary diversion canals in the Karun river, one of which is still in use today. It delivers water to the Shushtar city via a route of supplying tunnels.[1] The area includes Salasel Castel, which is the axis for operation of the hydraulic system. It also consists of a tower for water level measurement, along with bridges, dams, mills, and basins.[1][3]
Then it enters the plain south of the city, where its impact includes enabling the possibility of farming over the area called Mianâb and planting orchards.[3] In fact the whole area between the two diversion canals (Shutayt and Gargar) on Karun river is called Mianâb, an island having the Shushtar city at its northern end.[8]
The site has been referred to as a masterpiece of creative genius by UNESCO.[9]
HTTP://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shushtar_Historical_Hydraulic_System
Jembatan Shadirwan
Jembatan Shadirwan
Jembatan Shadirwan (Shadurwan) adalah jembatan lengkung kuno di Shushtar, Khuzestan, Republik Islam Iran. Jembatan ini dibangun oleh tenaga kerja Romawi pada abad ke-3 M atas perintah Sassanid. Desain tujuan gandanya memberikan pengaruh yang sangat besar pada teknik sipil Iran dan sangat berperan dalam pengembangan teknik pengelolaan air di masa Sassanid.
Jembatan Shadiwan yang memiliki panjang lebih dari 500 m dan dibangun di atas Karun, sebuah sungai yang paling makmur di Iran, adalah struktur inti dari Sistem Hidraulik Bersejarah Shushtar sehingga memperoleh produktivitas pertaniannya, dan telah ditunjuk oleh UNESCO sebagai Situs Warisan Dunia ke-10 Iran pada tahun 2009.
Jembatan Shadirwan adalah jembatan terpanjang dalam sejarah dunia yang mempunyai 44 lubang jalan air besar dan 43 lubang jalan air kecil. Shadirwan juga disebut sebagai Band-e Kaisar (bendungan Kaisar) atau Pol-e Kaisar (jembatan Kaisar) atau jembatan Valerian. Konon dinamai Band-e Kaisar karena Kaisar Romawi Valerian (253-260 M) ditangkap bersama seluruh pasukannya oleh Penguasa Sassanid Shapur I setelah kalah dalam Pertempuran Edessa (260 M).
Pasukan Kaisar Romawi dan pasukannya yang berjumlah 70.000 orang akan dibebaskan jika mampu membangun jembatan di atas sungai Karun. Mereka termasuk para pekerja Romawi dipekerjakan oleh Shapur I untuk membangun kota Shushtar, sebuah pusat pertanian penting di barat daya Iran. Untuk mengairi lahan garapan yang luas, sekitar 150.000 hektar, orang-orang Romawi membangun tiga struktur: sebuah kanal yang disebut Ab-i Gargar, dan dua bendungan Band-e Kaisar dan Band-e Mizan yang mengarahkan aliran air Sungai Karun ke aliran-aliran air buatan.
Kisah ini terkait dengan sejarawan Muslim Tabari dan Masudi pada abad ke-9 dan ke-10. Keberadaan historis orang Romawi dikuatkan oleh nama-nama lokal modern, seperti Roumischgan untuk desa terdekat dan suku Lurs dengan nama Rumian. Selain itu, tradisi lokal menganggap pemukim Romawi sebagai asal dari sejumlah perdagangan, seperti produksi brokat dan beberapa kebiasaan populer.
Shushtar terletak di dataran tinggi berbatu di atas Karun, sungai Iran yang paling besar airnya. Bendungan awal, yang dibangun oleh Sassanid untuk mengalirkan air ke kota dan daerah pedalamannya yang luas dan dapat diairi ulang, tidak berfungsi lagi dengan baik. Skema irigasi diberlakukan setelah kedatangan tenaga kerja Romawi termasuk tiga langkah: sungai dialihkan ke arah Ab-i Gargar, sebuah saluran yang bercabang dari Karun di titik hulu dari lokasi pembangunan bendungan, bergabung kembali dengan sungai utama sekitar 50 km selatan; pulau yang terbentuk, disebut Mianab (Surga), di mana daerah ini dikenal dengan perkebunanannya. (RA)
Shushtar Historical Hydraulic System
#IranianStudies #IranPrograms
Shushtar Historical Hydraulic System:
Shushtar Historical Hydraulic System, (Persian: سازههای آبی شوشتر) is a complex irrigation system of the island city Shushtar from the Sassanid era.
Located in Iran's Khuzestan Province. It was registered on UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites in 2009 and is Iran's 10th cultural heritage site to be registered on the United Nations' list.
Shushtar infrastructure included water mills, dams, tunnels, and canals. GarGar weir was built on the watermills and waterfalls. Bolayti canal is situated on the eastern side of the water mills and water falls and functions to supply water from behind the GarGar bridge to the east side of water mills and channel the water in order to prevent damage to the water mills. Dahaneye shahr tunnel (city orifice) is one of the three main tunnels which channeled the water from behind the GarGar weir into the water mill and then run several water mills. Seh koreh canal channels the water from behind the GarGar bridge into the western side. In the water mills and water falls, we can see a perfect model of haltering to run mills.
The Band-e Kaisar (Caesar's dam), an approximately 500-metre (1,600 ft) long Roman weir across the Karun, was the key structure of the complex which, along with the Band-i-Mizan, retained and diverted river water into the irrigation canals in the area. Built by a Roman workforce in the 3rd century AD on Sassanid order, it was the most eastern Roman bridge and Roman dam and the first structure in Iran to combine a bridge with a dam.
Parts of the irrigation system are said to originally date to the time of Darius the Great, an Achaemenian king of Iran. It partly consists of a pair of primary diversion canals in the Karun river, one of which is still in use today. It delivers water to the Shushtar city via a route of supplying tunnels. The area includes Salasel Castel, which is the axis for operation of the hydraulic system. It also consists of a tower for water level measurement, along with bridges, dams, mills, and basins.
Then it enters the plain south of the city, where its impact includes enabling the possibility of farming over the area called Mianâb and planting orchards. In fact the whole area between the two diversion canals (Shutayt and Gargar) on Karun river is called Mianâb, an island having the Shushtar city at its northern end.
The site has been referred to as a masterpiece of creative genius by #UNESCO.
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Shushtar
Shushtar Shushtar is an ancient fortress city, approximately 92 kilometres (57 mi) away from Ahvaz, the centre of the province. Much of its past agricultural productivity derives from the Roman-built irrigation system which centered on the Band-e Kaisar, the first dam bridge in Iran.
Shushtar
the Elamite times Shushtar was known as Adamdun. In the Achaemenian times its name was Šurkutir. The modern name, Shushtar, is connected with the name of another ancient city, Susa (or Shush, in Persian pronunciation), and means greater (or better) than Shush.
During the Sassanian era, it was an island city on the Karun river and selected to become the summer capital. The river was channelled to form a moat around the city, while bridges and main gates into Shushtar were built to the east, west, and south. Several rivers nearby are conducive to the extension of agriculture; the cultivation of sugar cane, the main crop, dates back to 226. A system of subterranean channels called Ghanats, which connected the river to the private reservoirs of houses and buildings, supplied water for domestic use and irrigation, as well as to store and supply water during times of war when the main gates were closed. Traces of these ghanatscan still be found in the crypts of some houses.
Ibn Battuta visited, noting On both banks of the river, there are orchards and water-wheels, the river itself is deep and over it, leading to the travelers' gate, there is a bridge upon boats.[3]
The ancient fortress walls were destroyed at the end of the Safavid era.
Band-e KaisarEdit
The Band-e Kaisar (Caesar's dam) is believed by some to be a Roman built arch bridge [since Roman captured soldiers were used in its construction], and the first in the country to combine it with a dam.[2] When the Sassanian Shah Shapur I defeated the Romanemperor Valerian, he is said to have ordered the captive Roman soldiers to build a large bridge and dam stretching over 500 metres.[4]Lying deep in Persian territory, the structure which exhibits typical Roman building techniques became the most eastern Roman bridge and Roman dam.[5] Its dual-purpose design exerted a profound influence on Iranian civil engineering and was instrumental in developing Sassanid water management techniques.[6]
The approximately 500 m long overflow damover the Karun, Iran's most affluent river, was the core structure of the Shushtar Historical Hydraulic System, a large irrigation complex from which Shushtar derived its agricultural productivity,[7] and which has been designated World Heritage Site by the UNESCO in 2009.[8]The arched superstructure carried across the important road between Pasargadae and the Sassanid capital Ctesiphon.[9] Many times repaired in the Islamic period,[10] the dam bridge fell out of use in the late 19th century, leading to the degeneration of the complex system of irrigation.[11]
People and cultureEdit
The people of Shushtar, called Shushtaris and arabian, maintain a unique cultural heritage stretching back to ancient times, and a Persian dialect distinct to their group.
LanguageEdit
The Shushtari dialect is spoken in Shushtar and is a dialect of Persian
Shushtar Historical Hydraulic System Iran
Shushtar, Historical Hydraulic System, inscribed as a masterpiece of creative genius, can be traced back to Darius the Great in the 5th century B.C. It involved the creation of two main diversion canals on the river Kârun one of which,
Old Shushtar and music
In the Elamite times Shushtar was known as Adamdun. In the Achaemenian times its name was Šurkutir. The modern name, Shushtar, is connected with the name of another ancient city, Susa (or Shush, in Persian pronunciation), and means greater (or better) than Shush.
During the Sassanian era, it was an island city on the Karun river and selected to become the summer capital. The river was channelled to form a moat around the city, while bridges and main gates into Shushtar were built to the east, west, and south. Several rivers nearby are conducive to the extension of agriculture; the cultivation of sugar cane, the main crop, dates back to 226. A system of subterranean channels called Ghanats, which connected the river to the private reservoirs of houses and buildings, supplied water for domestic use and irrigation, as well as to store and supply water during times of war when the main gates were closed. Traces of these ghanatscan still be found in the crypts of some houses.
Ibn Battuta visited, noting On both banks of the river, there are orchards and water-wheels, the river itself is deep and over it, leading to the travelers' gate, there is a bridge upon boats.[3]
The ancient fortress walls were destroyed at the end of the Safavid era.
The Band-e Kaisar (Caesar's dam) is believed by some to be a Roman built arch bridge [since Roman captured soldiers were used in its construction], and the first in the country to combine it with a dam.[2] When the Sassanian Shah Shapur I defeated the Romanemperor Valerian, he is said to have ordered the captive Roman soldiers to build a large bridge and dam stretching over 500 metres.[4]Lying deep in Persian territory, the structure which exhibits typical Roman building techniques became the most eastern Roman bridge and Roman dam.[5] Its dual-purpose design exerted a profound influence on Iranian civil engineering and was instrumental in developing Sassanid water management techniques.[6]
The approximately 500 m long overflow damover the Karun, Iran's most affluent river, was the core structure of the Shushtar Historical Hydraulic System, a large irrigation complex from which Shushtar derived its agricultural productivity,[7] and which has been designated World Heritage Site by the UNESCO in 2009.[8]The arched superstructure carried across the important road between Pasargadae and the Sassanid capital Ctesiphon.[9] Many times repaired in the Islamic period,[10] the dam bridge fell out of use in the late 19th century, leading to the degeneration of the complex system of irrigation.[11]
Shushtar Historical Hydraulic System
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