Inside La Sagrada Familia: Barcelona’s Unfinished Masterpiece | TIME
Meet the team working to complete the Sagrada Familia by 2026.
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Inside La Sagrada Familia: Barcelona’s Unfinished Masterpiece | TIME
Sagrada: The Mystery of Creation Official Trailer (2014) - Spanish Cathedral Documentary HD
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Sagrada: The Mystery of Creation Official Trailer (2014) - Spanish Cathedral Documentary HD
One of the most iconic structures ever built, Barcelona's La Sagrada Familia is a unique and fascinating architectural project conceived by Antoni Gaudi in the late 19th century. More than 125 years after construction began, the basilica still remains unfinished. Sagrada: The Mystery of Creation celebrates Gaudi's vision and the continuing work of architects as they strive to complete the colossal project while delving into the process of artistic creation in a historical context.
La Sagrada Familia was commissioned by the Order of St Joseph in 1882. After conflicts arose between the Order and the original architect, 31 year old Antoni Gaudí was hired to complete the design. A devout Catholic and architectural prodigy, Gaudí envisioned a place of worship that combined elements of classic French Gothic style and the curvilinear, organic aspects of the budding Art Nouveau school.
Despite decades of delays, thousands of artisans, laborers, and designers have contributed to the ambitious and glorious landmark. Inspired by Gaudí's vision, the film explores our fundamentally human search for the meaning of existence, and the quest for creative expression.
In the midst of the hustle and bustle of the Catalonian metropolis, the documentary investigates the structural developments of the Sagrada Família while allowing the audience time to observe, perceive, and reflect upon the historical, artistic and personal significance of the basilica.
✓✓ Inside Barcelona Cathedral ! ✓✓
The Cathedral of the Holy Cross and Saint Eulalia, also known as Barcelona Cathedral, is the Gothic cathedral and seat of the Archbishop of Barcelona, Spain. The cathedral was constructed from the 13th to 15th centuries, with the principal work done in the 14th century. The cloister, which encloses the Well of the Geese (Font de les Oques) was completed in 1448. In the late 19th century, the neo-Gothic façade was constructed over the nondescript exterior that was common to Catalan churches. The roof is notable for its gargoyles, featuring a wide range of animals, both domestic and mythical.
It’s a hall church, vaulted over five aisles, the outer two divided into chapels. The transept is truncated. The east end is a chevet of nine radiating chapels connected by an ambulatory. The high altar is raised, allowing a clear view into the crypt.
The cathedral is dedicated to Eulalia of Barcelona, co-patron saint of Barcelona, a young virgin who, according to Catholic tradition, suffered martyrdom during Roman times in the city. One story says that she was exposed naked in the public square and a miraculous snowfall in mid-spring covered her nudity. The enraged Romans put her into a barrel with knives stuck into it and rolled it down a street (according to tradition, the one now called Baixada de Santa Eulàlia). The body of Saint Eulalia is entombed in the cathedral's crypt.
The choir stalls retain the coats-of-arms of the knights of the Order of the Golden Fleece. In his first trip into Spain, Charles, the future Holy Roman Emperor, selected Barcelona as the site of a chapter of his Order. The king had arrived for his investiture as Count of Barcelona, and the city, as a Mediterranean port, offered the closest communication with other far-flung Habsburg dominions, while the large proportions of the cathedral would accommodate required grand ceremonies. In 1518 the Order's herald, Thomas Isaac, and its treasurer, Jean Micault, were commissioned to prepare the sanctuary for the first sitting of the chapter in 1519. Juan de Borgonya executed the painted decoration of the sanctuary.
The side Chapel of the Holy Sacrament and of the Holy Christ of Lepanto contains a cross said to date from the time of the Battle of Lepanto (1571).
In addition to Saints Eulàlia and Olegarius, the cathedral contains the tombs of Saint Raymond of Penyafort, Count Ramon Berenguer I and his third wife Almodis de la Marche, and bishops Berenguer de Palou II, Salvador Casañas y Pagés, and Arnau de Gurb, who is buried in the Chapel of Santa Llúcia, which he had constructed.
The cathedral has a secluded Gothic cloister where 13 white geese are still kept, the number explained by the assertion that Eulalia was 13 when she was martyred.
BARCELONA WALK | Barcelona Cathedral's Tourist-Filled Square | Spain
A first-person perspective Barcelona walk tour of the area around Barcelona Cathedral.
Experience all of the sights and sounds as Watched Walker (yes, I’m talking about myself in the third person) takes us on a walking tour through the streets of Barcelona, featuring Barcelona Cathedral, also known as The Cathedral of the Holy Cross and Saint Eulalia (Catedral de la Santa Cruz y Santa Eulalia). The tour begins on Carrer dels Boters, then onto Plaça Nova, and then Placita de la Seu, which is a large square in front of Barcelona Cathedral, where the tour concludes.
Sights seen along the tour include Roman Towers (Torres Romanes), ‘Barcino’ sculpture by Joan Brossa, street performers (including the Mad Hatter and a Xenomorph XX121 from Alien), and Barcelona Cathedral.
And in each video I've hidden a blinking eye, can you spot it? (It could appear more than once). In addition to the blinking eye, I've also added the Watched Walker logo to various scenes–it could be on buildings, vehicles or any other objects, so keep an eye out for it too!
Footage recorded June 2017.
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Barcelona Cathedral
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Music:
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart- Ave Verum Corpus
Cathedral of the Holy Cross and Saint Eulalia
Not to be confused with Sagrada Família, which is a large church by Antoni Gaudí, also in Barcelona
The Cathedral of the Holy Cross and Saint Eulalia (Catalan: Catedral de la Santa Creu i Santa Eulàlia, Spanish: Catedral de la Santa Cruz y Santa Eulalia), also known as Barcelona Cathedral, is the Gothic cathedral and seat of the Archbishop of Barcelona, The cathedral was constructed from the 13th to 15th centuries, e in the 14th century. The cloister, which encloses the Well of the Geese (Font de les Oques) was completed in 1448] In the late 19th century, the neo-Gothic façade was constructed over the nondescript exterior that was common to Catalan churches
Cattedrale di Santa Croce e Sant'Eulalia
Non deve essere confuso con la Sagrada Família, che è una grande chiesa di Antoni Gaudí, anche a Barcellona
La Cattedrale di Santa Croce e Sant'Eulalia (catalano: Catedral de la Santa Creu i Santa Eulàlia, spagnolo: Catedral de la Santa Cruz y Santa Eulalia), noto anche come Cattedrale di Barcellona, è la cattedrale gotica e la sede dell'arcivescovo di Barcellona, la cattedrale fu costruita dal XIII al XV secolo, e nel XIV secolo. Il chiostro, che racchiude il pozzo delle oche (Font de les Oques) fu completato nel 1448] nel tardo XIX secolo, la facciata neogotica fu costruita sopra l'esterno nondescript che era comune alle chiese catalani
Catedral de Barcelona | Gothic Cathedral in Spain
We visited the Cathedral of the Holy Cross and Saint Eulalia, also known as Barcelona Cathedral, it is the Gothic cathedral and seat of the Archbishop of Barcelona, Spain.
The cathedral was constructed from the 13th to 15th centuries, with the principal work done in the 14th century.
Footage was taken with the Canon 1dx mark II, the lens used was the Canon EF 24‑70mm f/2.8L II USM, mounted on a Zhiyun crane 2. I was very impress how well the camera performed within the Catedral under very low lighting.
Attention Youtube:
I am licensed by melodyloops.com to use “Gothic Atmosphere by Camilo Castillo”.
BARCELONA WALK | Barcelona Cathedral to Kiss of Freedom to Plaça de Catalunya | Spain
A first-person perspective Barcelona walk tour from the square outside Barcelona Cathedral to Kiss of Freedom mural to Catalunya Square (Plaça de Catalunya).
Experience all of the sights and sounds as Watched Walker (yes, I’m talking about myself in the third person) takes us on a walking tour through the streets of Barcelona, featuring a walk in the city centre with the Kiss of Freedom artwork being the highlight. The tour begins on Placita de la Seu, which is a large square in front of Barcelona Cathedral, then travels along Carrer dels Capellans and through Isidre Nonell Square (where Kiss of Freedom mural is located), then down Carrer de Duran i Bas, turning up onto Avinguda del Portal de l’Àngel, with the tour concluding at the top of the street opposite Plaça de Catalunya.
Sights seen along the tour include Barcelona Cathedral, Roman ruins, a busy shopping street, a girl walking with a cardboard tube on her head, and Joan Fontcuberta’s mural ‘Kiss of Freedom' (which from a distance depicts a couple kissing, but up close is a photomosaic made from thousands of ceramic tiles, each printed with a unique photo).
And in each video I've hidden a blinking eye, can you spot it? (It could appear more than once). In addition to the blinking eye, I've also added the Watched Walker logo to various scenes–it could be on buildings, vehicles or any other objects, so keep an eye out for it too!
Footage recorded June 2017.
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Outside the Barcelona Cathedral - Barcelona, Spain (HD)
The Barcelona Cathedral
Barcelona's Sagrada Família Gaudí's Cathedral Spain Catatonia unesco
Barcelona's Sagrada Família Gaudí's Cathedral Spain guide 建築 arte
The Basílica i Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Família (Catalan pronunciation: [səˈɣɾaðə fəˈmiɫiə]; English: Basilica and Expiatory Church of the Holy Family), is a large Roman Catholic church in Barcelona, Spain, designed by Catalan architect Antoni Gaudí (1852--1926). Although incomplete, the church is a UNESCO World Heritage Site,] and in November 2010 Pope Benedict XVI
consecrated and proclaimed it a minor basilica,[6][7][8] as distinct from a cathedral which must be the seat of a bishop. Construction of Sagrada Família had commenced in 1882, Gaudí became involved in 1883, taking over the project and transforming it with his architectural and engineering style, combining Gothic and curvilinear Art Nouveau forms.
The Basílica i Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Família (Catalan pronunciation: [səˈɣɾaðə fəˈmiɫiə]; Spanish: Templo Expiatorio de la Sagrada Familia; English: Basilica and Expiatory Church of the Holy Family) is a large Roman Catholic church in Barcelona, designed by Catalan Spanish architect Antoni Gaudí (1852–1926). Gaudí's work on the building is part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site,[5] and in November 2010 Pope Benedict XVI consecrated and proclaimed it a minor basilica,[6][7][8] as distinct from a cathedral, which must be the seat of a bishop.
Construction of Sagrada Família commenced in 1882 by architect Francisco Paula de Villar with Gaudí becoming involved in 1883 after Francisco resigned as the head architect.[5] Taking over the project, Gaudí transformed it with his architectural and engineering style, combining Gothic and curvilinear Art Nouveau forms. Gaudí devoted his last years to the project, and at the time of his death at age 73 in 1926, less than a quarter of the project was complete.[9]
Sagrada Familia's construction progressed slowly, as it relied on private donations and was interrupted by the Spanish Civil War, only to resume intermittent progress in the 1950s. Construction passed the midpoint in 2010 with some of the project's greatest challenges remaining[9] and an anticipated completion date of 2026, the centenary of Gaudí's death.
The basílica has a long history of dividing the citizens of Barcelona: over the initial possibility it might compete with Barcelona's cathedral, over Gaudí's design itself,[10] over the possibility that work after Gaudí's death disregarded his design,[10] and the 2007 proposal to build an underground tunnel of Spain's high-speed rail link to France which could disturb its stability.[11] Describing Sagrada Família, art critic Rainer Zerbst said, It is probably impossible to find a church building anything like it in the entire history of art[12] and Paul Goldberger describes it as, The most extraordinary personal interpretation of Gothic architecture since the Middle espana fiesta guide 建築
#catalonia #barcelona #gaudi #cathedral referendum aljazeera bbc news
Barcelona Cathedral, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, Europe
The Cathedral of the Holy Cross and Saint Eulalia Catedral de la Santa Cruz y Santa Eulalia), also known as Barcelona Cathedral, is the Gothic cathedral and seat of the Archbishop of Barcelona, Spain. The cathedral was constructed from the 13th to 15th centuries, with the principal work done in the 14th century. The cloister, which encloses the Well of the Geese (Font de les Oques) was completed in 1448. In the late 19th century, the neo-Gothic façade was constructed over the nondescript exterior that was common to Catalan churches. The roof is notable for its gargoyles, featuring a wide range of animals, both domestic and mythical. It is a hall church, vaulted over five aisles, the outer two divided into chapels. The transept is truncated. The east end is a chevet of nine radiating chapels connected by an ambulatory. The high altar is raised, allowing a clear view into the crypt. The cathedral is dedicated to Eulalia of Barcelona, co-patron saint of Barcelona, a young virgin who, according to Catholic tradition, suffered martyrdom during Roman times in the city. One story says that she was exposed naked in the public square and a miraculous snowfall in mid-spring covered her nudity. The enraged Romans put her into a barrel with knives stuck into it and rolled it down a street (according to tradition, the one now called Baixada de Santa Eulàlia). The body of Saint Eulalia is entombed in the cathedral's crypt. The choir stalls retain the coats-of-arms of the knights of the Order of the Golden Fleece. In his first trip into Spain, Charles, the future Holy Roman Emperor, selected Barcelona as the site of a chapter of his Order. The king had arrived for his investiture as Count of Barcelona, and the city, as a Mediterranean port, offered the closest communication with other far-flung Habsburg dominions, while the large proportions of the cathedral would accommodate required grand ceremonies. In 1518 the Order's herald, Thomas Isaac, and its treasurer, Jean Micault, were commissioned to prepare the sanctuary for the first sitting of the chapter in 1519. Juan de Borgonya executed the painted decoration of the sanctuary. One side chapel is dedicated to Christ of Lepanto, and contains a cross from a ship that fought at the Battle of Lepanto (1571). Catalan legend states that during the battle, the corpus suddenly and miraculously shifted to the right to avoid being hit by a cannonball, a miraculous sign from God that the Ottomans would be defeated. The chapel of Christ of Lepanto also contains the shrine and sepulchre of Saint Olegarius, who was a Bishop of Barcelona and an Archbishop of Tarragona. In addition to Saints Eulàlia and Olegarius, the cathedral contains the tombs of Saint Raymond of Penyafort, Count Ramon Berenguer I and his third wife Almodis de la Marche, and bishops Berenguer de Palou II, Salvador Casañas y Pagés, and Arnau de Gurb, who is buried in the Chapel of Santa Llúcia, which he had constructed. The cathedral has a secluded Gothic cloister where 13 white geese are kept, the number explained by the assertion that Eulalia was 13 when she was martyred. A program of cleaning and restoration of the cathedral was carried out from 1968-72. Parts of an early Christian and visigothic episcopal complex including the baptistery (4th century), a basilical hall (5th century), a cross shaped church (6th-7th century) and bishop's palace (6th-7th century) are displayed in the Barcelona City History Museum archaeological underground. Reportedly, this Visigothic chapel was dedicated to Saint James, and was the proprietary church of the Viscounts of Barcelona. However, in a document from the Second Council of Barcelona in 599, it states that the cathedral was dedicated to the Holy Cross. This church was severely damaged by al-Mansur (Almanzor) during his attack on Barcelona in 985. In 1046, Count Ramon Berenguer I and his wife Almodis, together with Bishop Guislabert, began construction of a Romanesque cathedral at the site; it was consecrated in November 1058. The cathedral was constructed over the crypt of the former church. It has been reported that a Viscount of Barcelona, Mir Geribert, sold the site to Bishop Guislebert in 1058, however this date does not coincide with the reported start of construction. The present Gothic cathedral was begun on the foundations of the previous churches on 1 May 1298; James II the Just was King of Aragon at the time, and Bernat Pelegri was Bishop of Barcelona. The church was built from the east end towards the west end, with a simple west facade completed in 1417. The cloister was completed in 1448, making the total duration of construction 150 years. In the late 19th century, Miguel Girona i Agrafel offered to complete the neo-Gothic facade and towers as inspired by the original 15th-century design and drawn by the architect Josep O. Mestres. This work was completed in 1913 by Girona's children.
Barcelona Cathedral, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, Europe
The Cathedral of the Holy Cross and Saint Eulalia Catedral de la Santa Cruz y Santa Eulalia), also known as Barcelona Cathedral, is the Gothic cathedral and seat of the Archbishop of Barcelona, Spain. The cathedral was constructed from the 13th to 15th centuries, with the principal work done in the 14th century. The cloister, which encloses the Well of the Geese (Font de les Oques) was completed in 1448. In the late 19th century, the neo-Gothic façade was constructed over the nondescript exterior that was common to Catalan churches. The roof is notable for its gargoyles, featuring a wide range of animals, both domestic and mythical. It is a hall church, vaulted over five aisles, the outer two divided into chapels. The transept is truncated. The east end is a chevet of nine radiating chapels connected by an ambulatory. The high altar is raised, allowing a clear view into the crypt. The cathedral is dedicated to Eulalia of Barcelona, co-patron saint of Barcelona, a young virgin who, according to Catholic tradition, suffered martyrdom during Roman times in the city. One story says that she was exposed naked in the public square and a miraculous snowfall in mid-spring covered her nudity. The enraged Romans put her into a barrel with knives stuck into it and rolled it down a street (according to tradition, the one now called Baixada de Santa Eulàlia). The body of Saint Eulalia is entombed in the cathedral's crypt. The choir stalls retain the coats-of-arms of the knights of the Order of the Golden Fleece. In his first trip into Spain, Charles, the future Holy Roman Emperor, selected Barcelona as the site of a chapter of his Order. The king had arrived for his investiture as Count of Barcelona, and the city, as a Mediterranean port, offered the closest communication with other far-flung Habsburg dominions, while the large proportions of the cathedral would accommodate required grand ceremonies. In 1518 the Order's herald, Thomas Isaac, and its treasurer, Jean Micault, were commissioned to prepare the sanctuary for the first sitting of the chapter in 1519. Juan de Borgonya executed the painted decoration of the sanctuary. One side chapel is dedicated to Christ of Lepanto, and contains a cross from a ship that fought at the Battle of Lepanto (1571). Catalan legend states that during the battle, the corpus suddenly and miraculously shifted to the right to avoid being hit by a cannonball, a miraculous sign from God that the Ottomans would be defeated. The chapel of Christ of Lepanto also contains the shrine and sepulchre of Saint Olegarius, who was a Bishop of Barcelona and an Archbishop of Tarragona. In addition to Saints Eulàlia and Olegarius, the cathedral contains the tombs of Saint Raymond of Penyafort, Count Ramon Berenguer I and his third wife Almodis de la Marche, and bishops Berenguer de Palou II, Salvador Casañas y Pagés, and Arnau de Gurb, who is buried in the Chapel of Santa Llúcia, which he had constructed. The cathedral has a secluded Gothic cloister where 13 white geese are kept, the number explained by the assertion that Eulalia was 13 when she was martyred. A program of cleaning and restoration of the cathedral was carried out from 1968-72. Parts of an early Christian and visigothic episcopal complex including the baptistery (4th century), a basilical hall (5th century), a cross shaped church (6th-7th century) and bishop's palace (6th-7th century) are displayed in the Barcelona City History Museum archaeological underground. Reportedly, this Visigothic chapel was dedicated to Saint James, and was the proprietary church of the Viscounts of Barcelona. However, in a document from the Second Council of Barcelona in 599, it states that the cathedral was dedicated to the Holy Cross. This church was severely damaged by al-Mansur (Almanzor) during his attack on Barcelona in 985. In 1046, Count Ramon Berenguer I and his wife Almodis, together with Bishop Guislabert, began construction of a Romanesque cathedral at the site; it was consecrated in November 1058. The cathedral was constructed over the crypt of the former church. It has been reported that a Viscount of Barcelona, Mir Geribert, sold the site to Bishop Guislebert in 1058, however this date does not coincide with the reported start of construction. The present Gothic cathedral was begun on the foundations of the previous churches on 1 May 1298; James II the Just was King of Aragon at the time, and Bernat Pelegri was Bishop of Barcelona. The church was built from the east end towards the west end, with a simple west facade completed in 1417. The cloister was completed in 1448, making the total duration of construction 150 years. In the late 19th century, Miguel Girona i Agrafel offered to complete the neo-Gothic facade and towers as inspired by the original 15th-century design and drawn by the architect Josep O. Mestres. This work was completed in 1913 by Girona's children.
Street Performer by Barcelona Cathedral - Barcelona, Spain (HD)
Street Performer by Barcelona Cathedral
Cathedral of Barcelona, Spain
Giant bubbles
BARCELONA TRAVEL VLOG & GUIDE 2019 | FC Barcelona | Cathedral of Barcelona | Epi: 02 | Irem Ozel
Hello Everyone, hope you enjoy my weekly Vlogs.
Inspiring video's about Life style, and Travelling.
The gothic quarter is the centre of the old city of Barcelona. It stretches from La Rambla to Via Laietana, and from the Mediterranean seafront to the Ronda de Sant Pere. It is a part of Ciutat Vella district. The main site around here is the Cathedral of the Holy Cross and Saint Eulalia also known as Barcelona cathedral was constructed from the thirteenth to fifteenth centuries. We roamed around this place from morning till night followed by our dinner at a special Paella place. Paella is s a Valencian rice dish served with seafood, vegetables or chicken options. Many non-Spaniards view paella as Spain's national dish, but most Spaniards consider it to be a regional Valencian dish.
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#TravelBarcelona #CathedralOfBarcelona #SpanishFood #IremOzel #Travelogues #Vlogs
Incredible Acrobatics Street Performers in front of Barcelona Cathedral Spain
This Sunday, in front of the Barcelona Cathedral, I watched an incredible acrobatics performers!
Sagrada Familia Cathedral in Barcelona Spain [HD]
The Sagrada Família is a large Roman Catholic church in Barcelona designed by Catalan architect Antoni Gaudí.The unfinished church is in the centre of Barcelona and over the years it has become one of the most universal signs of identity of the city Barcelona.
We visited the church and were impressed. When you enter the majestic interior space of La Sagrada Familia the soft cylindrical columns draw your views and attention immediately up to the ceiling and focusing on the golden lit opening above the main altar. Magically draw ... Spiritual light - a visit is worthwhile anyway.
One Tip: Buy the tickets online before visit OR you need sufficient time before entry!
Some interesting articles about Sagrada Familia:
Thanks for watching.
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Barcelona Cathedral, Barcelona, Spain
Drone flyover of an event at Barcelona Cathedral in Spain
DJI Mavic Pro
Barcelona Cathedral, Spain
Barcelona Cathedral | Cathédrale de Barcelone
Warning: you might get lost in time listening to the bells of the Barcelona Cathedral. ????
Les cloches de la Cathédrale de Barcelone vous feront voyager dans le temps. ????
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About Air Transat
Air Transat is Canada’s number one holiday airline. It flies to some 60 destinations in the Americas, Europe and the Middle East, offers domestic and feeder flights within Canada, and carries nearly 4.5 million passengers every year. Based in Montreal, the company employs 3,000 people. Air Transat is a business unit of Transat A.T. Inc., a leading integrated international tourism company specializing in holiday travel and offering vacation packages, hotel stays and air travel. Transat was awarded Travelife certification in 2018 in recognition of its commitment to sustainable development.
Recent distinctions and awards (2017-2018)
• Named World’s Best Leisure Airline at the Skytrax World Airline Awards
• Ranked by Atmosfair among the world’s Top 20 airlines for energy efficiency
• Voted Best Leisure/Charter Airline at the Agents’ Choice Awards presented by Baxter Travel Media
• Voted Best Airline at the Trophées Uni-Vers awards organized by the Association des Agents de Voyages du Québec
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À propos d’Air Transat
Air Transat est le transporteur vacances numéro un au Canada. Elle offre une soixantaine de liaisons internationales dans 26 pays en Amérique, en Europe et au Proche-Orient, ainsi que des vols intérieurs et de correspondance au Canada. Chaque année, l’entreprise transporte près de 4,5 millions de passagers. Établie à Montréal, elle emploie 3 000 personnes. Air Transat est une filiale de Transat A.T. inc., une grande entreprise de tourisme international intégrée spécialisée dans le voyage vacances qui propose des forfaits, des séjours hôteliers et des liaisons aériennes. Transat a obtenu la certification Travelife en 2018 au titre de son engagement en faveur du développement durable.
Distinctions et prix récents (2017-2018)
• Meilleure compagnie aérienne du monde dans la catégorie Loisirs aux World Airline Awards de Skytrax
• Parmi les 20 compagnies aériennes mondiales au classement d’Atmosfair pour l’efficacité énergétique
• Meilleure compagnie de vols nolisés aux Agents’ Choice Awards de Baxter Travel Media
• Meilleure compagnie aérienne à la remise des trophées Uni-Vers de l’Association des agents de voyages du Québec
Geese, Barcelona Cathedral, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, Europe
The Cathedral of the Holy Cross and Saint Eulalia Catedral de la Santa Cruz y Santa Eulalia), also known as Barcelona Cathedral, is the Gothic cathedral and seat of the Archbishop of Barcelona, Spain. The cathedral was constructed from the 13th to 15th centuries, with the principal work done in the 14th century. The cloister, which encloses the Well of the Geese (Font de les Oques) was completed in 1448. In the late 19th century, the neo-Gothic façade was constructed over the nondescript exterior that was common to Catalan churches. The roof is notable for its gargoyles, featuring a wide range of animals, both domestic and mythical. It is a hall church, vaulted over five aisles, the outer two divided into chapels. The transept is truncated. The east end is a chevet of nine radiating chapels connected by an ambulatory. The high altar is raised, allowing a clear view into the crypt. The cathedral is dedicated to Eulalia of Barcelona, co-patron saint of Barcelona, a young virgin who, according to Catholic tradition, suffered martyrdom during Roman times in the city. One story says that she was exposed naked in the public square and a miraculous snowfall in mid-spring covered her nudity. The enraged Romans put her into a barrel with knives stuck into it and rolled it down a street (according to tradition, the one now called Baixada de Santa Eulàlia). The body of Saint Eulalia is entombed in the cathedral's crypt. The choir stalls retain the coats-of-arms of the knights of the Order of the Golden Fleece. In his first trip into Spain, Charles, the future Holy Roman Emperor, selected Barcelona as the site of a chapter of his Order. The king had arrived for his investiture as Count of Barcelona, and the city, as a Mediterranean port, offered the closest communication with other far-flung Habsburg dominions, while the large proportions of the cathedral would accommodate required grand ceremonies. In 1518 the Order's herald, Thomas Isaac, and its treasurer, Jean Micault, were commissioned to prepare the sanctuary for the first sitting of the chapter in 1519. Juan de Borgonya executed the painted decoration of the sanctuary. One side chapel is dedicated to Christ of Lepanto, and contains a cross from a ship that fought at the Battle of Lepanto (1571). Catalan legend states that during the battle, the corpus suddenly and miraculously shifted to the right to avoid being hit by a cannonball, a miraculous sign from God that the Ottomans would be defeated. The chapel of Christ of Lepanto also contains the shrine and sepulchre of Saint Olegarius, who was a Bishop of Barcelona and an Archbishop of Tarragona. In addition to Saints Eulàlia and Olegarius, the cathedral contains the tombs of Saint Raymond of Penyafort, Count Ramon Berenguer I and his third wife Almodis de la Marche, and bishops Berenguer de Palou II, Salvador Casañas y Pagés, and Arnau de Gurb, who is buried in the Chapel of Santa Llúcia, which he had constructed. The cathedral has a secluded Gothic cloister where 13 white geese are kept, the number explained by the assertion that Eulalia was 13 when she was martyred. A program of cleaning and restoration of the cathedral was carried out from 1968-72. Parts of an early Christian and visigothic episcopal complex including the baptistery (4th century), a basilical hall (5th century), a cross shaped church (6th-7th century) and bishop's palace (6th-7th century) are displayed in the Barcelona City History Museum archaeological underground. Reportedly, this Visigothic chapel was dedicated to Saint James, and was the proprietary church of the Viscounts of Barcelona. However, in a document from the Second Council of Barcelona in 599, it states that the cathedral was dedicated to the Holy Cross. This church was severely damaged by al-Mansur (Almanzor) during his attack on Barcelona in 985. In 1046, Count Ramon Berenguer I and his wife Almodis, together with Bishop Guislabert, began construction of a Romanesque cathedral at the site; it was consecrated in November 1058. The cathedral was constructed over the crypt of the former church. It has been reported that a Viscount of Barcelona, Mir Geribert, sold the site to Bishop Guislebert in 1058, however this date does not coincide with the reported start of construction. The present Gothic cathedral was begun on the foundations of the previous churches on 1 May 1298; James II the Just was King of Aragon at the time, and Bernat Pelegri was Bishop of Barcelona. The church was built from the east end towards the west end, with a simple west facade completed in 1417. The cloister was completed in 1448, making the total duration of construction 150 years. In the late 19th century, Miguel Girona i Agrafel offered to complete the neo-Gothic facade and towers as inspired by the original 15th-century design and drawn by the architect Josep O. Mestres. This work was completed in 1913 by Girona's children.