Bektashi Order World Headquarters
The Bektashi Order or the ideology of Bektashism, is an Islamic Sufi order named after the 13th century Persian Alevi Wali (saint) Haji Bektash Veli, but founded by Balim Sultan. The order is mainly found throughout Anatolia and the Balkans, and was particularly strong in Albania, Bulgaria, and among Ottoman-era Greek Muslims from the regions of Epirus, Crete and Greek Macedonia
Bektashi Monastery - In Search of Alaya
In the Albanian city of Tirana stands the center of Bektashi Islam, an open and introspective sect of the religion. Bektashi followers have no specific calls to prayer or rules on food, and instead are asked to focus on building their own relationships with God, accepting all faiths and nationalities into their temples.
PRINCESS MARIA AMOR MEETS H.H. BABA MONDI, WORLD LEADER OF BEKTASHI ORDER
The Bektashi Order - Religious Inspiration For The Janissaries
The Bektashi Order (Turkish: Bektaşi Tarikatı), or the ideology of Bektashism (Turkish: Bektaşilik), is an Islamic Sufi order (tariqat) founded in the 13th century by the Wali (saint) Haji Bektash Veli who solely wrote in Turkish, his style was alike of the Turkistani authors yet resurfaces more of pre-Islamic elements. The order is particularly found throughout Anatolia and the Balkans. In addition to the spiritual teachings of Haji Bektash Veli, the Bektashi order was later significantly influenced during its formative period by the Hurufis (in the early 15th century), the Qalandariyya stream of Sufism, and to varying degrees the Ghulat Shia beliefs circulating in Anatolia during the 14th to 16th centuries. The mystical practices and rituals of the Bektashi order were systematized and structured by Balım Sultan in the 16th century after which many of the order's distinct practices and beliefs took shape.
A large number of academics consider Bektashism to have fused a number of Sunni, Shia and Sufi concepts, although the order contains rituals and doctrines that are distinct unto itself. Throughout its history Bektashis have always had wide appeal and influence among both the Ottoman intellectual elite as well as the peasantry.
The Bektashi Order is a Sufi order and shares much in common with other Islamic mystical movements, such as the need for an experienced spiritual guide — called a baba in Bektashi parlance — as well as the doctrine of the four gates that must be traversed: the Sharia (religious law), Tariqah (the spiritual path), Marifa (true knowledge), Haqiqah (truth).
Bektashism places much emphasis on the concept of Wahdat-ul-Wujood وحدة الوجود, the Unity of Being that was formulated by Ibn Arabi. This has often been labeled as pantheism, although it is a concept closer to panentheism. Bektashism is also heavily permeated with Shiite concepts, such as the marked veneration of Ali, The Twelve Imams, and the ritual commemoration of Ashurah marking the Battle of Karbala. The old Persian holiday of Nowruz is celebrated by Bektashis as Imam Ali's birthday.
In keeping with the central belief of Wahdat-ul-Wujood the Bektashi see reality contained in Haqq-Muhammad-Ali, a single unified entity. Bektashi do not consider this a form of trinity. There are many other practices and ceremonies that share similarity with other faiths, such as a ritual meal (muhabbet) and yearly confession of sins to a baba (magfirat-i zunub مغفرة الذنوب). Bektashis base their practices and rituals on their non-orthodox and mystical interpretation and understanding of the Quran and the prophetic practice (Sunnah). They have no written doctrine specific to them, thus rules and rituals may differ depending on under whose influence one has been taught. Bektashis generally revere Sufi mystics outside of their own order, such as Ibn Arabi, Al-Ghazali and Jelalludin Rumi who are close in spirit to them.
Bektashis hold that the Quran has two levels of meaning: an outer (zahir ظاهر) and an inner (batin باطن). They hold the latter to be superior and eternal and this is reflected in their understanding of both the universe and humanity (This view can also be found in Ismailism—see Batiniyya).
Bektashism is also initiatic and members must traverse various levels or ranks as they progress along the spiritual path to the Reality. First level members are called aşıks عاشق. They are those who, while not having taken initiation into the order, are nevertheless drawn to it. Following initiation (called nasip) one becomes a mühip محب. After some time as a mühip, one can take further vows and become a dervish. The next level above dervish is that of baba. The baba (lit. father) is considered to be the head of a tekke and qualified to give spiritual guidance (irshad إرشاد). Above the baba is the rank of halife-baba (or dede, grandfather). Traditionally there were twelve of these, the most senior being the dedebaba (great-grandfather). The dedebaba was considered to be the highest ranking authority in the Bektashi Order. Traditionally the residence of the dedebaba was the Pir Evi (The Saint's Home) which was located in the shrine of Hajji Bektash Wali in the central Anatolian town of Hacıbektaş (aka Solucakarahüyük).
A Ordem Bektashi plural dos islâmicos na Albânia (Globo Repórter, 9 de agosto de 2019)
Na última sexta-feira, o Globo Repórter ( apresentado por Glória Maria (que foi até o país) e Sérgio Chapelin, fez uma visita e contou parte da história da Albânia, nação encravada entre Sérvia, Montenegro, Macedônia e Grécia, tendo o lindo mar Adriático como litoral. Sua topografia é incomumente montanhosa, e a língua não tem nenhum parentesco próximo com outras da Europa, mas possui muitas belezas e riquezas culturais ainda pouco exploradas pelos estrangeiros.
Separei este trecho falando especialmente da Ordem Bektashi existente entre os muçulmanos da Albânia. Dizendo-se uma interpretação mais mística do Corão, livro sagrado do islã, a linha liderada pelo Baba Edmond recusa toda e qualquer manifestação de ódio, violência ou preconceito por motivos religiosos, sobretudo em nome de Alá. Eles afirmam que cada pessoa tem uma experiência individual pra chegar ao divino, que deve ser respeitada, e se inserem no contexto de pluralismo religioso entre cristão, judeus e irreligiosos reinante na Albânia, após a vigência do ateísmo de Estado de 1967 até o fim do regime comunista.
Esta repostagem tem o mero fim de documentação e curiosidade, e não pra fazer propaganda de uma ou outra posição política ou religiosa. É sempre bom conhecermos e aprendermos sobre culturas e religiões diferentes, mas também acho legal que o povo me peça mídia da época comunista, mesmo que nem sempre eu tenha tempo de procurar. Pra quem gosta de cultura e história, divirta-se!
#islã #história #política #albânia #bálcãs #muçulmanos #religião #comunismo #mediterrâneo #tirana #shqip #terrorismo #enverhoxha #documentários #redeglobo #cultura
Bektashiyyah Albania Inside Temple of Bektashi in Albania
Message from Mr. Fatmir Bektashi, General Administrator of Kontakt AL at the Tirana City Council.
Fatmir Bektashi, General Administrator of Kontakt AL during his address at the Tirana City Council meeting, as part of the 'Adapt a Damaged Home' during his speech, promises Kontakt will take over and support damaged families with construction from the earthquake. Another important thing mentioned by Mr. Bektashi during the meeting is the maximum appreciation by the largest construction companies in the world for the quality of construction proven by earthquakes caused at the weekend.
Faith in Albania
Practicing Sufism in Albania, trying to reach the level free of physical and mental boundaries.
From Tirana, Albania
Miasanmia Packmas
Religion in Albania
Albania is constitutionally a secular country, and as such, neutral in questions of belief and conscience. The most common religions practiced in Albania are Islam and Christianity.
Religious observance and practice is generally lax and polls have shown that, compared to other countries, fewer Albanians consider religion to be a dominant factor in their lives.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
Albanian nationalism (Albania) | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Albanian nationalism (Albania)
00:02:40 1 History
00:02:48 2 Ottoman period: Development of Albanian Nationalism during National Albanian Awakening
00:03:02 2.1 Background
00:05:38 2.2 Eastern Crisis and Albanian National Awakening
00:09:42 2.3 Myth of Skanderbeg
00:11:33 2.4 Hellenism, Orthodoxy and Albanian nationalism
00:16:02 2.5 Western influences and origin theories
00:20:10 2.6 Geopolitical consequences and legacy
00:27:13 3 Independence, Interwar period and World War Two (1912-1944)
00:27:28 3.1 Independence
00:31:14 3.2 Interwar period (1919-1938)
00:36:01 3.3 World War Two (1939-1944)
00:39:13 4 Albanian Nationalism during the People's Republic of Albania (1945–1991)
00:41:05 4.1 Nationalist ideology during communism
00:43:02 4.2 Origin theories during communism
00:45:04 4.3 Nationalism and religion
00:47:17 4.4 Name changes
00:49:24 5 Contemporary Albanian nationalism (1992-present)
00:49:36 5.1 Post-communist developments in society and politics
00:55:30 5.2 Greater Albania and Albanian politics
00:58:10 5.3 Influence of origin theories in contemporary society and politics
01:02:12 5.4 Contemporary Albanian identity
01:04:31 6 See also
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Albanian nationalism emerged in Albania during the 19th century. By the late Ottoman period Albanians were mainly Muslims with close ties to the Ottoman Empire. The lack of previous Albanian statehood to draw upon resulted in Albanian nationalism developing later unlike neighbouring nationalisms of the Serbs and Greeks. The onset of the Eastern crisis (1870s) that threatened partition of Balkan Albanian inhabited lands by neighbouring Orthodox Christian states stimulated the emergence of the Albanian national awakening (Rilindja) and nationalist movement. During the 19th century, some Western scholarly influences, Albanian diasporas such as the Arbereshë and Albanian National Awakening figures contributed greatly to spreading influences and ideas among Balkan Albanians within the context of Albanian self-determination. Among those were ideas of an Illyrian contribution to Albanian ethnogenesis which still dominate Albanian nationalism in contemporary times and other ancient peoples claimed as ancestors of the Albanians, in particular the Pelasgians of which have been claimed again in recent times.Due to overlapping and competing territorial claims with other Balkan nationalisms and states over land dating from the late Ottoman period, these ideas comprise a national myth that establishes precedence over neighboring peoples (Slavs and Greeks) and allow movements for independence and self-determination, as well as irredentist claims against neighboring countries. Pan-Albanian sentiments are also present and historically have been achieved only once when part of Kosovo and western Macedonia was united by Axis Italian forces to their protectorate of Albania during the Second World War. Albanian nationalism contains a series of myths relating to Albanian origins, cultural purity and national homogeneity, religious indifference as the basis of Albanian national identity, and continuing national struggles. The figure of Skanderbeg is one of the main constitutive myths of Albanian nationalism that is based on a person, as other myths are based on ideas, abstract concepts, and collectivism. These ideas and concepts were further developed during the interwar period under Ahmet Zog and later the Socialist People's Republic of Albania (1945–1991), which mainly focused on Illyrian-Albanian continuity in addition to reinterpreting certain Ancient Greek figures and history as Albanian. In a post communist environment, Albanian National Awakening values, ideas and concepts that were enforced, developed further and expanded during Enver Hoxha's regime are still somewhat present within Albanian society and politics that have been reinterpreted within the context of Euro-Atlantic integration.
Ottoman Empire (Bektashi music)
Bektashi Nefeses (not sure of the titles or artists) set alongside a variety of imagery inspired by the Ottoman Empire. Best viewed full-screen and in 1080p.
WHY I LOVE ALBANIA
The guy, Beni, is talking about a Bektashi saint who has a sanctuary on the mountain of Kruja, Albania, where the bus is driving up.The Bektashi are a mystical Muslim order, a kind of sufis. The journey took place durin the International Poetry Festival Ditet e Naimit, October 2013.
Then he talks in Albanian about the national hero Skenderbeg, who defeated the huge Ottoman army several times and defended the freedom of Albania (and Europe).
At 2:40 in the video, it begins to become really gorgeous!!
Albanian nationalism | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Albanian nationalism
00:02:30 1 History
00:02:39 1.1 Background
00:04:40 1.2 Eastern Crisis and Albanian National Awakening
00:08:44 1.3 Skanderbeg
00:10:35 1.4 Western influences and origin theories
00:14:43 1.5 Geopolitical consequences and legacy
00:19:16 2 Independence and Interwar period
00:26:49 3 World War Two
00:32:16 4 Albanian Nationalism during the People's Republic of Albania (1945–1991)
00:34:34 4.1 Origin theories during communism
00:36:16 4.2 Nationalism and religion
00:37:58 4.3 Name changes
00:39:30 5 Within Yugoslavia (Kosovo and Macedonia)
00:44:26 5.1 Dissidence and rise of nationalism
00:46:24 5.2 Late 1980s and early 1990s
00:48:45 5.3 Kosovo conflict (1990s) and Kosovan independence (2000s)
00:50:26 6 Contemporary Albanian Nationalism in the Balkans
00:50:38 6.1 Albania
00:52:43 6.1.1 Influence of origin theories in contemporary society and politics
00:55:33 6.2 Kosovo and Republic of Macedonia
01:03:55 7 Pan Albanianism and Albanian politics in the Balkans
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Albanian nationalism is a general grouping of nationalist ideas and concepts generated by ethnic Albanians that were first formed in the 19th century during the Albanian National Awakening (Albanian: Rilindja). Albanian nationalism is also associated with similar concepts, such as Albanianism (Shqiptaria or Shqiptarizmi) and Pan-Albanianism, (Panshqiptarizmi) that includes ideas on the creation of a geographically expanded Albanian state or a Greater Albania encompassing adjacent Balkan lands with substantial Albanian populations.
During the late Ottoman period Albanians were mainly Muslims with close ties to the Ottoman Empire. The lack of previous Albanian statehood to draw upon resulted in Albanian nationalism developing later unlike neighbouring nationalisms of the Serbs and Greeks. The onset of the Eastern crisis (1870s) that threatened partition of Balkan Albanian inhabited lands by neighbouring Orthodox Christian states stimulated the emergence of the Rilindja period and nationalist movement. During the 19th century, some Western scholarly influences, Albanian diasporas such as the Arbëresh and Albanian National Awakening figures contributed greatly to spreading influences and ideas among Balkan Albanians within the context of Albanian self-determination. Among those were ideas of an Illyrian contribution to Albanian ethnogenesis which still dominate Albanian nationalism in contemporary times and other ancient peoples claimed as ancestors, in particular the Pelasgians which have been claimed again in recent times.Due to overlapping and competing territorial claims with other Balkan nationalisms and states over land dating from the late Ottoman period, these ideas comprise a national myth that aim to establish precedence over neighboring peoples (Slavs and Greeks) and allow movements for independence and self-determination, as well as irredentist claims against neighboring countries. Pan-Albanian sentiments are also present and historically have been achieved only once when part of Kosovo and western Macedonia was united by Axis Italian forces to their protectorate of Albania during the Second World War. Albanian nationalism contains a series of myths relating to Albanian origins, cultural purity and national homogeneity, religious indifference as the basis of Albanian national identity, and continuing national struggles. The figure of Skanderbeg is one of the main constitutive myths of Albanian nationalism that is based on a person, as other myths are based on ideas, abstract concepts, and collectivism.
Roli i gruas ne shoqerine moderne sipas kendveshtrimit islam | Abc News Albania
Welcome spring by Baba Mondi
Tirana, 22nd March 2013
Prima spedizione sui monti Albanesi - M.Tomorri
Sulle nevi del Tomorri
Scriveva Luigi Santurini sulla Rivista del CAI nel 1940:
Il Tomorri ha esercitato anche su di noi il suo fascino: la montagna sacra degli Albanesi e simbolo della loro
unità nazionale, si erge dal piano, a forma di eccelsa piramide per chi la vede da Elbasan e di grande
muraglia di circa 30 chilometri per chi la vede da Berat.
Maggiori informazioni
ALEVIS LOVE FOR THE MAHDI
Live Interview with Adnan Oktar, on Mavi Karadeniz and Kral Karadeniz (3 May 2009)
Alevis are wonderful people. They have great love for Allah, for the Prophet Muhammad (saas) and Hazrat Ali. In the time of the Mahdi, all madh'habs will be abolished and an understanding of religion will be established as it was in the time of the companions and it will be purely compatible with Quran again. But the Mahdi is not going to enforce this, he will bring it as a model and people will conform willingly.
All madh'habs are beautiful. When I was a child, disagreeable things were said about the Alevis. But they are perfect, noble people. The Jaferis, as well as the Alevis are marvelous people. This is a game of the devil, which the Mahdi will obliterate from the root.
AdnanOktar-books.com
HarunYahya.com
Enver Hoxha | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Enver Hoxha
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Enver Halil Hoxha (; Albanian: [ɛnˈvɛɾ ˈhɔdʒa] (listen); 16 October 1908 – 11 April 1985) was an Albanian communist politician who served as the head of state of Albania from 1944 until his death in 1985, as the First Secretary of the Party of Labour of Albania. He was chairman of the Democratic Front of Albania and commander-in-chief of the armed forces from 1944 until his death. He served as the 22nd Prime Minister of Albania from 1944 to 1954 and at various times served as foreign minister and defence minister as well.
Born in Gjirokastër in 1908, Hoxha became a teacher in grammar school in 1936. Following Italy's invasion of Albania, he entered into the Party of Labour of Albania at its creation in 1941. Hoxha was elected First Secretary in March 1943 at the age of 34. The Yugoslav Partisans assisted the Albanians. Less than two years after the liberation of the country, the monarchy was abolished, King Zog was deposed and Hoxha rose to power as the head of state of Albania.
During his 40-year-rule, he focused on rebuilding the country, which was left in ruins after World War II, building Albania's first railway line, raising the adult literacy rate from 5% to 98%, and leading Albania towards becoming agriculturally self-sufficient. However, detractors criticize him for a series of political repressions which included the establishment and use of forced labor camps, extrajudicial killings and executions that targeted and eliminated anti-communists, a large number of which was carried out by the Sigurimi secret police.
Hoxha's government was characterized by his proclaimed firm adherence to anti-revisionist Marxism–Leninism from the mid-1970s onwards. After his break with Maoism in the 1976–1978 period, numerous Maoist parties around the world declared themselves Hoxhaist. The International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle) is the best-known association of these parties today.