SAILING ANTIGUA | MEDSAILORS X CARIBBEAN
An epic week sailing the Caribbean seas in search for turtles, shipwrecks and the best bays for a cheeky dip. Join us as we feed the stingrays, soak in the sunsets and hit the skies on D-Boat's Big Boy! Until next time :)
Places visited: St James's Club, Shirley Heights, D Boat Antigua, Sting Ray City, Rendezvous Bay, Morris Bay, Carlisle Bay, Half Moon Bay, English Harbour, Galleon Beach, Jolly Beach
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For more info on sailing routes, head on over to
Music used: Seven Lions Feat. Karra - Silent Skies (Xan Griffin Remix)
Gear: DJI Phantom 4, GoPro Hero 4 Silver, Knekt Dome, Feiyu Tech G4S Gimbal, Canon G7X
Edited in FCPX
Philipsburg Boardwalk Reggae St Maarten pt 2 HD
Universities and Slavery | 5 of 5 | Slavery and Universities Globally || Radcliffe Institute
SLAVERY AND UNIVERSITIES GLOBALLY
Max Price (5:06), Vice-Chancellor, University of Cape Town
Christiane Taubira (17:31), Former Minister of Justice (France)
Hilary Beckles (36:55), Vice-Chancellor, University of the West Indies
Moderator: Alejandro de la Fuente (1:09), Robert Woods Bliss Professor of Latin American History and Economics; Professor of African and African American Studies and of History; Director, Afro-Latin American Research Institute, Harvard University
PANEL DISCUSSION (58:17)
CONCLUDING REMARKS (1:27:09)
Daniel Carpenter, Faculty Director of the Social Sciences Program, Radcliffe Institute; Allie S. Freed Professor of Government, Harvard University
George Washington | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
George Washington
00:02:30 1 Early years (1732–1752)
00:08:04 2 Early military career (1752–1758)
00:10:14 2.1 French and Indian War
00:17:24 3 Marriage, civilian life and political beginnings (1759–1774)
00:22:38 3.1 American Revolution
00:24:44 4 Revolutionary War (1775–1783)
00:27:40 4.1 Quebec, Boston, and Long Island
00:33:08 4.2 Crossing the Delaware
00:35:52 4.3 Trenton campaign
00:38:53 4.4 Brandywine, Germantown, and Saratoga
00:41:55 4.5 Valley Forge, Monmouth, and Southern campaigns
00:45:59 4.6 Sullivan expedition and Hudson River
00:47:24 4.7 West Point espionage
00:49:33 4.8 Yorktown victory, peace treaty
00:52:43 4.9 Resignation
00:56:00 5 Early republic (1784–1789)
00:56:12 5.1 Military retirement
00:57:04 5.2 Constitutional Convention
00:59:16 5.3 First presidential election
01:00:38 6 Presidency (1789–1797)
01:04:00 6.1 Cabinet and executive departments
01:05:32 6.2 Domestic issues
01:06:56 6.2.1 National Bank
01:08:46 6.2.2 Jefferson–Hamilton feud
01:10:43 6.2.3 Whiskey Rebellion
01:12:49 6.3 Foreign affairs
01:15:03 6.4 Indian affairs
01:18:50 6.5 Second term
01:22:43 6.6 Farewell Address
01:26:02 7 Retirement (1797–1799)
01:28:35 7.1 Final days
01:32:38 8 Burial
01:34:18 9 Personal traits
01:36:19 10 Religion and the Enlightenment
01:40:16 11 Slavery
01:43:35 12 Historical reputation and legacy
01:46:33 12.1 Papers
01:47:18 12.2 Monuments and memorials
01:47:46 12.3 Postage and Currency
01:48:16 13 See also
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799) was one of the Founding Fathers and the first President of the United States (1789–1797). He commanded Patriot forces in the new nation's vital American Revolutionary War and led them to victory over the British. Washington also presided at the Constitutional Convention of 1787, which established the new federal government. For his manifold leadership he has been called the Father of His Country.Washington was born to a successful family of planters and slaveholders in colonial Virginia. He had educational opportunities and at age seventeen launched a successful career as a land surveyor. He then became a leader of the Virginia militia in the French and Indian War. During the Revolutionary War he was a delegate to the Continental Congress which unanimously appointed him commander-in-chief of the Army, leading an allied campaign to victory at the Siege of Yorktown which ended the conflict. Once victory was in hand, in 1783 he resigned as commander-in-chief, declining further authority and power out of his devotion to republicanism.
As the country's premier statesman, Washington was unanimously elected President by the Electoral College in the first two national elections. He promoted and oversaw implementation of a strong, well-financed national government, but remained impartial in the fierce rivalry between Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton. When the French Revolution plunged Europe into war, Washington proclaimed a policy of neutrality while sanctioning the controversial Jay Treaty. He set numerous precedents that have endured, such as the cabinet advisory system, the inaugural address, and his acceptance of the Congressional title The President of the United States. His Farewell Address strongly warned against political partisanship, sectionalism, and involvement in foreign wars.
Washington owned slaves throughout his life from age 11, but became increasingly troubled by slavery and freed his slaves in his will. He was a member of the Anglican Church and the Freemasons, and he urged tolerance for all religions in his roles as general and President. Upon his death, he was famously eulogized as first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen. Washington has been widely memorialized by monuments, art, places, stamps, and currency, and he has been consistently ranked by scholars among the four greatest American presidents.
Bermuda | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Bermuda
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Bermuda () is a British Overseas Territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. It is approximately 1,070 km (665 mi) east-southeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina; 1,236 km (768 mi) south of Cape Sable Island, Nova Scotia; and 1,759 km (1,093 mi) north of Cuba. The capital city is Hamilton. Bermuda is self-governing, with its own constitution and its own government, which enacts local laws, while the United Kingdom retains responsibility for defence and foreign relations.
Bermuda's two largest economic sectors are offshore insurance and reinsurance, and tourism. Bermuda had one of the world's highest GDP per capita for most of the 20th century. The island has a subtropical climate and lies in the hurricane belt and thus is prone to related severe weather; however, it is somewhat protected by a coral reef that surrounds the island and its position at the north of the belt, which limits the direction and severity of approaching storms.
Bermuda | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Bermuda
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Bermuda () is a British Overseas Territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. It is approximately 1,070 km (665 mi) east-southeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina; 1,236 km (768 mi) south of Cape Sable Island, Nova Scotia; and 1,759 km (1,093 mi) north of Cuba. The capital city is Hamilton. Bermuda is self-governing, with its own constitution and its own government, which enacts local laws, while the United Kingdom retains responsibility for defence and foreign relations.
Bermuda's two largest economic sectors are offshore insurance and reinsurance, and tourism. Bermuda had one of the world's highest GDP per capita for most of the 20th century. The island has a subtropical climate and lies in the hurricane belt and thus is prone to related severe weather; however, it is somewhat protected by a coral reef that surrounds the island and its position at the north of the belt, which limits the direction and severity of approaching storms.
Bermuda | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Bermuda
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Bermuda () is a British Overseas Territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. It is approximately 1,070 km (665 mi) east-southeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina; 1,236 km (768 mi) south of Cape Sable Island, Nova Scotia; and 1,759 km (1,093 mi) north of Cuba. The capital city is Hamilton. Bermuda is self-governing, with its own constitution and its own government, which enacts local laws, while the United Kingdom retains responsibility for defence and foreign relations.
Bermuda's two largest economic sectors are offshore insurance and reinsurance, and tourism. Bermuda had one of the world's highest GDP per capita for most of the 20th century. The island has a subtropical climate and lies in the hurricane belt and thus is prone to related severe weather; however, it is somewhat protected by a coral reef that surrounds the island and its position at the north of the belt, which limits the direction and severity of approaching storms.
The Juneteenth Book Festival Symposium on Black Literature & Literacy
A day-long symposium on Juneteenth, one of the oldest observances marking the end of the enslavement of African descendants in the United States. The holiday has been celebrated in Galveston, Texas, since June 19, 1865, when news of the Emancipation Proclamation first was announced in Texas. Today, Juneteenth commemorates African American freedom with an emphasis on education and literacy. The opened with a history of Juneteenth. Three panels followed on The State of Black Literature, The Stakeholders of Black Literacy and Independent Artists: Our Journey as Storytellers of the African Diaspora.
Speaker Biography: Hari Jones is curator of the African American Civil War Museum in Washington, D.C.
Speaker Biography: Haki Madhubuti is founder of of Third World Press, the longest-running independent black-owned publishing company in the U.S.
Speaker Biography: E. Ethelbert Miller is a literary activist, poet and editor.
Speaker Biography: Nikki Woods is a social media consultant and senior producer of The Tom Joyner Morning Show.
Speaker Biography: Yanick Rice-Lam is a journalist, associate professor at Howard University and co-founder of FierceforBlackWomen.com, a digital health and fitness network.
Speaker Biography: Brenda Greene is director of the National Black Writers Conference and executive director of the Center for Black Literature at Medgar Evers College of the City University of New York.
Speaker Biography: Bomani Armah is known as Mr. Read a Book and the Poet with a Hip-Hop Style.
Speaker Biography: Bahiyyah Muhammad is assistant professor of criminology at Howard University and founder of Project Iron Kids, which educates and empowers children of incarcerated parents.
Speaker Biography: Rahman Branch is former principal of Ballou High School in Washington, D.C., and the first executive director of the Office of African American Affairs in the Office of the Mayor of the District of Columbia.
Speaker Biography: Gabriel Asheru Benn is an international hip-hop artist and co-founder of Educational Lyrics, which sponsors H.E.L.P, the Hip Hop Educational Literacy Program.
Speaker Biography: Beverly East is an international forensic-document examiner and author.
Speaker Biography: Hafiz F. Shabazz is adjunct assistant professor and director of the World Music Percussion Ensemble at Dartmouth College, where he developed the Oral Tradition Musicianship course and produced more than 85 major concerts.
Speaker Biography: Haile Gerima is distinguished professor of film at Howard University and an independent Ethiopian filmmaker who produced and directed the 1993 film Sankofa.
For transcript and more information, visit
The Industrial Revolution | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:04:56 1 Etymology
00:07:08 2 Important technological developments
00:10:09 2.1 Textile manufacture
00:10:19 2.1.1 British textile industry statistics
00:12:37 2.1.2 Cotton
00:15:06 2.1.3 Trade and textiles
00:16:38 2.1.4 Pre-mechanized European textile production
00:18:57 2.1.5 Invention of textile machinery
00:26:49 2.1.6 Wool
00:27:17 2.1.7 Silk
00:28:12 2.2 Iron industry
00:28:22 2.2.1 UK iron production statistics
00:30:46 2.2.2 Iron process innovations
00:42:39 2.3 Steam power
00:48:58 2.4 Machine tools
00:54:50 2.5 Chemicals
00:58:46 2.6 Cement
00:59:48 2.7 Gas lighting
01:01:00 2.8 Glass making
01:01:52 2.9 Paper machine
01:02:50 2.10 Agriculture
01:05:05 2.11 Mining
01:07:38 2.12 Transportation
01:09:01 2.12.1 Canals and improved waterways
01:12:38 2.12.2 Roads
01:14:17 2.12.3 Railways
01:18:47 2.13 Other developments
01:19:19 3 Social effects
01:19:29 3.1 Factory system
01:22:35 3.2 Standards of living
01:25:15 3.2.1 Food and nutrition
01:27:22 3.2.2 Housing
01:30:11 3.2.3 Sanitation
01:31:00 3.2.4 Water supply
01:31:30 3.2.5 Increase in literacy
01:31:59 3.3 Clothing and consumer goods
01:32:57 3.4 Population increase
01:34:06 3.5 Urbanization
01:34:57 3.6 Impact on women and family life
01:37:54 3.7 Labour conditions
01:38:04 3.7.1 Social structure and working conditions
01:39:43 3.7.2 Factories and urbanisation
01:43:06 3.7.3 Child labour
01:47:28 3.7.4 Organisation of labour
01:51:42 3.7.5 Luddites
01:53:37 3.7.6 Shift in production's center of gravity
01:54:21 3.7.7 Effect on cotton production and expansion of slavery
01:56:19 3.8 Impact on environment
01:59:44 4 Industrialisation beyond the United Kingdom
01:59:56 4.1 Continental Europe
02:01:01 4.1.1 Belgium
02:03:38 4.1.1.1 Demographic effects
02:06:44 4.1.2 France
02:07:50 4.1.3 Germany
02:10:01 4.1.4 Sweden
02:12:14 4.2 Japan
02:13:52 4.3 United States
02:21:51 5 Second Industrial Revolution
02:24:06 6 Causes
02:29:33 6.1 Causes in Europe
02:36:42 6.2 Causes in Britain
02:46:23 6.3 Transfer of knowledge
02:49:40 6.3.1 Protestant work ethic
02:52:27 7 Opposition from Romanticism
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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Speaking Rate: 0.800584232794365
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the US, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. This transition included going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, the increasing use of steam power, the development of machine tools and the rise of the factory system. The Industrial Revolution also led to an unprecedented rise in the rate of population growth.
Textiles were the dominant industry of the Industrial Revolution in terms of employment, value of output and capital invested. The textile industry was also the first to use modern production methods.The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain, and many of the technological innovations were of British origin. By the mid-18th century Britain was the world's leading commercial nation, controlling a global trading empire with colonies in North America and the Caribbean, and with some political influence on the Indian subcontinent, through the activities of the East India Company. The development of trade and the rise of business were major causes of the Industrial Revolution.The Industrial Revolution marks a major turning point in history; almost every aspect of daily life was influenced in some way. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth. Some economists say that the major impact of the Industrial Revolution was that the standard of living for the general population began to increase consistently for the first time in history, although others have said that it did not begin to mean ...
Quaker | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Quaker
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Quakers (or Friends) are members of a historically Christian group of religious movements formally known as the Religious Society of Friends, Society of Friends or Friends Church. Members of the various Quaker movements are all generally united in a belief in the ability of each human being to experientially access the light within, or that of God in every one.Some may profess the priesthood of all believers, a doctrine derived from the First Epistle of Peter. They include those with evangelical, holiness, liberal, and traditional Quaker understandings of Christianity. There are also Nontheist Quakers whose spiritual practice is not reliant on the existence of gods. To differing extents, the different movements that make up the Religious Society of Friends/Friends Church avoid creeds and hierarchical structures. In 2007, there were about 359,000 adult Quakers worldwide. In 2012, there were 377,055 adult Quakers, with 52% in Africa.Around 89% of Quakers worldwide belong to the evangelical and programmed branches of Quakerism—these Quakers worship in services with singing and a prepared message from the Bible, coordinated by a pastor. Around 11% of Friends practice waiting worship, or unprogrammed worship (more commonly known today as Meeting for Worship), where the order of service is not planned in advance, is predominantly silent, and may include unprepared vocal ministry from those present. Some meetings of both types have Recorded Ministers in their meetings—Friends recognised for their gift of vocal ministry.The first Quakers lived in mid-17th-century England. The movement arose from the Legatine-Arians and other dissenting Protestant groups, breaking away from the established Church of England. The Quakers, especially the ones known as the Valiant Sixty, attempted to convert others to their understanding of Christianity, travelling both throughout Great Britain and overseas, preaching the gospel of Jesus Christ. Some of these early Quaker ministers were women. They based their message on the religious belief that Christ has come to teach his people himself, stressing the importance of a direct relationship with God through Jesus Christ, and a direct religious belief in the universal priesthood of all believers. They emphasized a personal and direct religious experience of Christ, acquired through both direct religious experience and the reading and studying of the Bible. Quakers focused their private life on developing behaviour and speech reflecting emotional purity and the light of God.In the past, Quakers were known for their use of thee as an ordinary pronoun, refusal to participate in war, plain dress, refusal to swear oaths, opposition to slavery, and teetotalism. Some Quakers founded banks and financial institutions, including Barclays, Lloyds, and Friends Provident; manufacturing companies, including shoe retailer C. & J. Clark and the big three British confectionery makers Cadbury, Rowntree and Fry; and philanthropic efforts, including abolition of slavery, prison reform, and social justice projects.In 1947, the Quakers, represented by the British Friends Service Council and the American Friends Service Committee, were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
Industrial Revolution | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Industrial Revolution
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. This transition included going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, the increasing use of steam power, the development of machine tools and the rise of the factory system.
Textiles were the dominant industry of the Industrial Revolution in terms of employment, value of output and capital invested. The textile industry was also the first to use modern production methods.The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain, and many of the technological innovations were of British origin. By the mid-18th century Britain was the world's leading commercial nation, controlling a global trading empire with colonies in North America and the Caribbean, and with some political influence on the Indian subcontinent, through the activities of the East India Company. The development of trade and the rise of business were major causes of the Industrial Revolution.The Industrial Revolution marks a major turning point in history; almost every aspect of daily life was influenced in some way. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth. Some economists say that the major impact of the Industrial Revolution was that the standard of living for the general population began to increase consistently for the first time in history, although others have said that it did not begin to meaningfully improve until the late 19th and 20th centuries.GDP per capita was broadly stable before the Industrial Revolution and the emergence of the modern capitalist economy, while the Industrial Revolution began an era of per-capita economic growth in capitalist economies. Economic historians are in agreement that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in the history of humanity since the domestication of animals and plants.Although the structural change from agriculture to industry is widely associated with Industrial Revolution, in United Kingdom it was already almost complete by 1760.The precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is still debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes. Eric Hobsbawm held that the Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the 1780s and was not fully felt until the 1830s or 1840s, while T. S. Ashton held that it occurred roughly between 1760 and 1830. Rapid industrialization first began in Britain, starting with mechanized spinning in the 1780s, with high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurring after 1800. Mechanized textile production spread from Great Britain to continental Europe and the United States in the early 19th century, with important centres of textiles, iron and coal emerging in Belgium and the United States and later textiles in France.An economic recession occurred from the late 1830s to the early 1840s when the adoption of the original innovations of the Industrial Revolution, such as mechanized spinning and weaving, slowed and their markets matured. Innovations developed late in the period, such as the increasing adoption of locomotives, steamboats and steamships, hot blast iron smelting and new technologies, such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s and 1850s, were not powerful enough to drive high rates of growth. Rapid economic growth began to occur after 1870, springing from a new group of innovations in what has been called the Second Industrial Revolution. These new innovations included new steel making processes, the large-scale manufacture of machine tools and the use of increasingly advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.
Oliver Cromwell | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:04:13 1 Early years
00:07:21 1.1 Marriage and family
00:09:22 1.2 Crisis and recovery
00:12:32 2 Member of Parliament: 1628–29 and 1640–42
00:15:03 3 Military commander: 1642–46
00:15:16 3.1 English Civil War begins
00:16:38 3.2 Marston Moor 1644
00:18:56 3.3 New Model Army
00:20:03 3.4 Battle of Naseby 1645
00:21:37 3.5 Cromwell's military style
00:22:51 4 Politics: 1647–49
00:25:16 4.1 Second Civil War
00:28:13 4.2 King tried and executed
00:30:33 5 Establishment of the Commonwealth: 1649
00:33:28 6 Irish campaign: 1649–1650
00:39:43 7 Debate over Cromwell's effect on Ireland
00:47:41 8 Scottish campaign: 1650–51
00:47:53 8.1 Scots proclaim Charles II as King
00:49:00 8.2 Battle of Dunbar
00:50:06 8.3 Battle of Worcester
00:51:29 8.4 Conclusion
00:52:55 9 Return to England and dissolution of the Rump Parliament: 1651–53
00:54:53 10 Establishment of Barebone's Parliament: 1653
00:56:43 11 The Protectorate: 1653–58
01:08:21 12 Death and posthumous execution
01:12:11 13 Political reputation
01:17:35 14 Monuments and posthumous honours
01:21:03 15 Title as Lord Protector and arms
01:21:27 15.1 Arms
01:21:35 16 In popular culture
01:21:45 17 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
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Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.877221036641611
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Oliver Cromwell (25 April 1599 – 3 September 1658) was an English military and political leader. He served as Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland and of the dominions thereto belonging from 1653 until his death, acting simultaneously as head of state and head of government of the new republic.
Cromwell was born into the middle gentry to a family descended from the sister of King Henry VIII's minister Thomas Cromwell. Little is known of the first 40 years of his life, as only four of his personal letters survive along with a summary of a speech that he delivered in 1628. He became an Independent Puritan after undergoing a religious conversion in the 1630s, taking a generally tolerant view towards the many Protestant sects of his period. He was an intensely religious man, a self-styled Puritan Moses, and he fervently believed that God was guiding his victories. He was elected Member of Parliament for Huntingdon in 1628 and for Cambridge in the Short (1640) and Long (1640–1649) Parliaments. He entered the English Civil Wars on the side of the Roundheads or Parliamentarians, nicknamed Old Ironsides. He demonstrated his ability as a commander and was quickly promoted from leading a single cavalry troop to being one of the principal commanders of the New Model Army, playing an important role under General Sir Thomas Fairfax in the defeat of the Royalist (Cavalier) forces.
Cromwell was one of the signatories of King Charles I's death warrant in 1649, and he dominated the short-lived Commonwealth of England as a member of the Rump Parliament (1649–1653). He was selected to take command of the English campaign in Ireland in 1649–1650. Cromwell's forces defeated the Confederate and Royalist coalition in Ireland and occupied the country, bringing to an end the Irish Confederate Wars. During this period, a series of Penal Laws were passed against Roman Catholics (a significant minority in England and Scotland but the vast majority in Ireland), and a substantial amount of their land was confiscated. Cromwell also led a campaign against the Scottish army between 1650 and 1651.
On 20 April 1653, he dismissed the Rump Parliament by force, setting up a short-lived nominated assembly known as Barebone's Parliament before being invited by his fellow leaders to rule as Lord Protector of England (which included Wales at the time), Scotland, and Ireland from 16 December 1653. As a ruler, he executed an aggressive and effective foreign policy. He died from natural causes in 1658 and wa ...
Industrial Revolution | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Industrial Revolution
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. This transition included going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, the increasing use of steam power, the development of machine tools and the rise of the factory system.
Textiles were the dominant industry of the Industrial Revolution in terms of employment, value of output and capital invested. The textile industry was also the first to use modern production methods.The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain, and many of the technological innovations were of British origin. By the mid-18th century Britain was the world's leading commercial nation, controlling a global trading empire with colonies in North America and the Caribbean, and with some political influence on the Indian subcontinent, through the activities of the East India Company. The development of trade and the rise of business were major causes of the Industrial Revolution.The Industrial Revolution marks a major turning point in history; almost every aspect of daily life was influenced in some way. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth. Some economists say that the major impact of the Industrial Revolution was that the standard of living for the general population began to increase consistently for the first time in history, although others have said that it did not begin to meaningfully improve until the late 19th and 20th centuries.GDP per capita was broadly stable before the Industrial Revolution and the emergence of the modern capitalist economy, while the Industrial Revolution began an era of per-capita economic growth in capitalist economies. Economic historians are in agreement that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in the history of humanity since the domestication of animals and plants.Although the structural change from agriculture to industry is widely associated with Industrial Revolution, in United Kingdom it was already almost complete by 1760.The precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is still debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes. Eric Hobsbawm held that the Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the 1780s and was not fully felt until the 1830s or 1840s, while T. S. Ashton held that it occurred roughly between 1760 and 1830. Rapid industrialization first began in Britain, starting with mechanized spinning in the 1780s, with high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurring after 1800. Mechanized textile production spread from Great Britain to continental Europe and the United States in the early 19th century, with important centres of textiles, iron and coal emerging in Belgium and the United States and later textiles in France.An economic recession occurred from the late 1830s to the early 1840s when the adoption of the original innovations of the Industrial Revolution, such as mechanized spinning and weaving, slowed and their markets matured. Innovations developed late in the period, such as the increasing adoption of locomotives, steamboats and steamships, hot blast iron smelting and new technologies, such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s and 1850s, were not powerful enough to drive high rates of growth. Rapid economic growth began to occur after 1870, springing from a new group of innovations in what has been called the Second Industrial Revolution. These new innovations included new steel making processes, the large-scale manufacture of machine tools and the use of increasingly advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.
Industrialism | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:37 1 Etymology
00:05:16 2 Important technological developments
00:07:31 2.1 Textile manufacture
00:07:39 2.1.1 British textile industry statistics
00:09:21 2.1.2 Cotton
00:11:12 2.1.3 Trade and textiles
00:12:21 2.1.4 Pre-mechanized European textile production
00:14:03 2.1.5 Invention of textile machinery
00:19:48 2.1.6 Wool
00:20:11 2.1.7 Silk
00:20:52 2.2 Iron industry
00:21:01 2.2.1 UK iron production statistics
00:22:47 2.2.2 Iron process innovations
00:31:27 2.3 Steam power
00:36:04 2.4 Machine tools
00:40:20 2.5 Chemicals
00:43:15 2.6 Cement
00:44:01 2.7 Gas lighting
00:44:54 2.8 Glass making
00:45:34 2.9 Paper machine
00:46:17 2.10 Agriculture
00:47:58 2.11 Mining
00:49:50 2.12 Transportation
00:50:52 2.12.1 Canals and improved waterways
00:53:30 2.12.2 Roads
00:54:44 2.12.3 Railways
00:58:01 2.13 Other developments
00:58:26 3 Social effects
00:58:35 3.1 Factory system
01:00:53 3.2 Standards of living
01:02:51 3.2.1 Food and nutrition
01:04:26 3.2.2 Housing
01:06:30 3.2.3 Sanitation
01:07:07 3.2.4 Water supply
01:07:31 3.2.5 Increase in literacy
01:07:54 3.3 Clothing and consumer goods
01:08:37 3.4 Population increase
01:09:30 3.5 Urbanization
01:10:10 3.6 Impact on women and family life
01:12:20 3.7 Labour conditions
01:12:28 3.7.1 Social structure and working conditions
01:13:43 3.7.2 Factories and urbanisation
01:16:13 3.7.3 Child labour
01:19:24 3.7.4 Organisation of labour
01:22:29 3.7.5 Luddites
01:23:54 3.7.6 Shift in production's center of gravity
01:24:28 3.7.7 Effect on cotton production and expansion of slavery
01:25:56 3.8 Impact on environment
01:28:27 4 Industrialisation beyond the United Kingdom
01:28:38 4.1 Continental Europe
01:29:27 4.1.1 Belgium
01:31:23 4.1.1.1 Demographic effects
01:33:41 4.1.2 France
01:34:32 4.1.3 Germany
01:36:09 4.1.4 Sweden
01:37:49 4.2 Japan
01:39:02 4.3 United States
01:44:53 5 Second Industrial Revolution
01:46:34 6 Causes
01:50:34 6.1 Causes in Europe
01:55:47 6.2 Causes in Britain
02:02:50 6.3 Transfer of knowledge
02:05:17 6.3.1 Protestant work ethic
02:07:20 7 Opposition from Romanticism
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Speaking Rate: 0.9732251377638184
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I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the US, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. This transition included going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, the increasing use of steam power, the development of machine tools and the rise of the factory system. The Industrial Revolution also led to an unprecedented rise in the rate of population growth.
Textiles were the dominant industry of the Industrial Revolution in terms of employment, value of output and capital invested. The textile industry was also the first to use modern production methods.The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain, and many of the technological innovations were of British origin. By the mid-18th century Britain was the world's leading commercial nation, controlling a global trading empire with colonies in North America and the Caribbean, and with some political influence on the Indian subcontinent, through the activities of the East India Company. The development of trade and the rise of business were major causes of the Industrial Revolution.The Industrial Revolution marks a major turning point in history; almost every aspect of daily life was influenced in some way. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth. Some economists say that the major impact of the Industrial Revolution was that the standard of living for the general population began to increase consistently for the first time in history, although others have said that it did not begin to mea ...
Auburn Coach Wife Kristi Malzahn Agrees with Match & eHarmony: Men are Jerks
My advice is this: Settle! That's right. Don't worry about passion or intense connection. Don't nix a guy based on his annoying habit of yelling Bravo! in movie theaters. Overlook his halitosis or abysmal sense of aesthetics. Because if you want to have the infrastructure in place to have a family, settling is the way to go. Based on my observations, in fact, settling will probably make you happier in the long run, since many of those who marry with great expectations become more disillusioned with each passing year. (It's hard to maintain that level of zing when the conversation morphs into discussions about who's changing the diapers or balancing the checkbook.)
Obviously, I wasn't always an advocate of settling. In fact, it took not settling to make me realize that settling is the better option, and even though settling is a rampant phenomenon, talking about it in a positive light makes people profoundly uncomfortable. Whenever I make the case for settling, people look at me with creased brows of disapproval or frowns of disappointment, the way a child might look at an older sibling who just informed her that Jerry's Kids aren't going to walk, even if you send them money. It's not only politically incorrect to get behind settling, it's downright un-American. Our culture tells us to keep our eyes on the prize (while our mothers, who know better, tell us not to be so picky), and the theme of holding out for true love (whatever that is—look at the divorce rate) permeates our collective mentality.
Even situation comedies, starting in the 1970s with The Mary Tyler Moore Show and going all the way to Friends, feature endearing single women in the dating trenches, and there's supposed to be something romantic and even heroic about their search for true love. Of course, the crucial difference is that, whereas the earlier series begins after Mary has been jilted by her fiancé, the more modern-day Friends opens as Rachel Green leaves her nice-guy orthodontist fiancé at the altar simply because she isn't feeling it. But either way, in episode after episode, as both women continue to be unlucky in love, settling starts to look pretty darn appealing. Mary is supposed to be contentedly independent and fulfilled by her newsroom family, but in fact her life seems lonely. Are we to assume that at the end of the series, Mary, by then in her late 30s, found her soul mate after the lights in the newsroom went out and her work family was disbanded? If her experience was anything like mine or that of my single friends, it's unlikely.
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