Corse - Calvi - Cathédrale Saint-Jean-Baptiste - July 7, 2015
Places to see in ( Calvi - France )
Places to see in ( Calvi - France )
Calvi is a town on the northwest coast of Corsica. It's known for its beaches and crescent-shaped bay. A medieval citadel overlooks the marina from the bay's western end, and is home to Baroque St-Jean-Baptiste Cathedral and cobbled streets. Restaurants line the harbor on the Quai Landry esplanade. Perched on a high hill a short distance inland, the chapel of Notre-Dame de la Serra has panoramic views of the area.
The port town of Calvi, in the Balagne region of north-west Corsica, boasts the intrigue of traditional Corsican culture while effortlessly maintaining the comforts of a modern resort. You will find picturesque views of the coast and there are many enjoyable places to spend time both in Calvi itself and the surrounding region. Calvi was not our favourite destination on Corsica; beaches are better at Porto Vecchio, citadels at Bonifacio and scenery at Porto, however with its combination of beaches, resort and historical centre it is a very accessible resort and can be visited without hiring a car.
If you travel to Calvi by ferry you will immediately see the full effect of the attractive port, the towering Citadel, the rugged mountains, and the forest of pines. If you do not arrive by ferry, you can still see great views of the area from the water by taking one of the many boat trips or pleasure cruises available in the marina. Start your visit in the Port de Plaisance, which is a friendly marina and an enjoyable place to view the many luxury boats and bright fishing boats as they arrive and depart. Calvi is also one of the stops made by the large cruise ships to Corsica and these can often be seen in the harbour.
In Calvi most social activity takes place at Quai Landry. This is a beachside walkway which connects the port to the marina, and offers restaurants, bars, cafés, side shops, and hotels. There are not many historical points of interest for sightseeing in this area, but it is an excellent place to shop or grab a bite to eat and enjoy the relaxed atmosphere.
For many visitors it is Calvi’s beach that is the big attraction and centre of a visit. The beach is a long, narrow strip of white sand and serene, shallow water that stretches nearly 6 km (4 mi) along the length of the bay. It is not the most attractive beach on Corsica by a long stretch but it is functional and easily accessible. The beach also has lifeguards and very good facilities, such as picnic areas and snack bars. Popular activities include windsurfing, waterskiing, jet skiing and paragliding.
The Genoese Citadel is the main part of the town, and its most important historical monument. It was a military outpost in the 15th century that helped guard the city against international attacks. The citadel sits high above Calvi port from where it towers over the sea. From up here you get some great views of the coast and harbour. Within the citadel old town there are many tunnels and long winding stairways as well as plenty of narrow walkways tucked between quaint old houses.
Places of interest in the Citadel include the restored palace of the Genovese governor, and the remains of a house that is rumoured to be the place where Christopher Columbus was born*. The original house was destroyed by Nelson’s troops in 1794 and today a statue stands on the site, commemorating the 500th anniversary of Columbus’ birthday. In the Citadel is the Cathédrale St-Jean-Baptiste, which was erected to hold an allegedly supernatural crucifix called Christ des Miracles. Look out also for the pretty pink baroque church of Sainte-Marie.
Wandering around the cobblestone streets and shops in the Citadel is a lovely way to spend an afternoon or quiet evening. Additionally, a jazz festival is held in this area every June. The Museum of Corsican Ethnography is also located in the Citadel and holds many items in connection with the history and culture of this beautiful island. This is a recommended tourist destination, along with the military museum.
( Calvi - France ) is well know as a tourist destination because of the variety of places you can enjoy while you are visiting Calvi . Through a series of videos we will try to show you recommended places to visit in Calvi - France
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Meandrage à Calvi
Calvi is a town on the northwest coast of Corsica. It's known for its beaches and crescent-shaped bay. A medieval citadel overlooks the marina from the bay's western end, and is home to Baroque St-Jean-Baptiste Cathedral and cobbled streets. Restaurants line the harbor on the Quai Landry esplanade. Perched on a high hill a short distance inland, the chapel of Notre-Dame de la Serra has panoramic views of the area.
L'Île-Rousse is a commune in the Haute-Corse department of France on the island of Corsica. It was founded in 1758 by Pasquale Paoli to create a port that would not be in the hands of the Genoese like Calvi.
Pigna is a commune in the Haute-Corse department of France on the island of Corsica. A very quaint little village.
Perched on a high point in the Corsican hills near Calvi Sant'Antonino is a commune in the Haute-Corse department of France on the island of Corsica. It is one of Les Plus Beaux Villages de France. Splendid views.
Places to see in ( Corsica - France ) Calvi
Places to see in ( Corsica - France ) Calvi
Calvi is a town on the northwest coast of Corsica. It's known for its beaches and crescent-shaped bay. A medieval citadel overlooks the marina from the bay's western end, and is home to Baroque St-Jean-Baptiste Cathedral and cobbled streets. Restaurants line the harbor on the Quai Landry esplanade. Perched on a high hill a short distance inland, the chapel of Notre-Dame de la Serra has panoramic views of the area.
The port town of Calvi, in the Balagne region of north-west Corsica, boasts the intrigue of traditional Corsican culture while effortlessly maintaining the comforts of a modern resort. You will find picturesque views of the coast and there are many enjoyable places to spend time both in Calvi itself and the surrounding region.
Calvi was not our favourite destination on Corsica; beaches are better at Porto Vecchio, citadels at Bonifacio and scenery at Porto, however with its combination of beaches, resort and historical centre it is a very accessible resort and can be visited without hiring a car.
If you travel to Calvi by ferry you will immediately see the full effect of the attractive port, the towering Citadel, the rugged mountains, and the forest of pines. If you do not arrive by ferry, you can still see great views of the area from the water by taking one of the many boat trips or pleasure cruises available in the marina. Start your visit in the Port de Plaisance, which is a friendly marina and an enjoyable place to view the many luxury boats and bright fishing boats as they arrive and depart. Calvi is also one of the stops made by the large cruise ships to Corsica and these can often be seen in the harbour.
For many visitors it is Calvi’s beach that is the big attraction and centre of a visit. The beach is a long, narrow strip of white sand and serene, shallow water that stretches nearly 6 km (4 mi) along the length of the bay. It is not the most attractive beach on Corsica by a long stretch but it is functional and easily accessible. The beach also has lifeguards and very good facilities, such as picnic areas and snack bars. Popular activities include windsurfing, waterskiing, jet skiing and paragliding.
For those who prefer a quieter place to soak in the sun, a less populated and wider strip of beach can be found at plage de l’Alga, near Revellata point. A little further round the coast near Lumio the beaches of Arinella and Algaio are the best in this area. The mixture of sandy beach and large flat rocks is an attractive combination and you can see Calvi on the other side of the bay.
The Genoese Citadel is the main part of the town, and its most important historical monument. It was a military outpost in the 15th century that helped guard the city against international attacks. The citadel sits high above Calvi port from where it towers over the sea. From up here you get some great views of the coast and harbour. Within the citadel old town there are many tunnels and long winding stairways as well as plenty of narrow walkways tucked between quaint old houses.
Places of interest in the Citadel include the restored palace of the Genovese governor, and the remains of a house that is rumoured to be the place where Christopher Columbus was born*. The original house was destroyed by Nelson’s troops in 1794 and today a statue stands on the site, commemorating the 500th anniversary of Columbus’ birthday. In the Citadel is the Cathédrale St-Jean-Baptiste, which was erected to hold an allegedly supernatural crucifix called Christ des Miracles. Look out also for the pretty pink baroque church of Sainte-Marie.
Wandering around the cobblestone streets and shops in the Citadel is a lovely way to spend an afternoon or quiet evening. Additionally, a jazz festival is held in this area every June. The Museum of Corsican Ethnography is also located in the Citadel and holds many items in connection with the history and culture of this beautiful island. This is a recommended tourist destination, along with the military museum.
( Corsica - France ) is well know as a tourist destination because of the variety of places you can enjoy while you are visiting Corsica . Through a series of videos we will try to show you recommended places to visit in Corsica - France
Join us for more :
Calvi, Haute Corse || Commune in France || Travel 4 All
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Calvi is a town on the northwest coast of Corsica. It's known for its beaches and crescent-shaped bay. A large medieval citadel overlooks the marina from the bay's western end, home to the Baroque St-Jean-Baptiste Cathedral and cobbled streets. Restaurants line the harbor on the Quai Landry esplanade. Perched on a high hill a short distance inland, the chapel of Notre-Dame de la Serra has panoramic views of the area.
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Places to see in ( Calvi - France ) Calvi Citadel
Places to see in ( Calvi - France ) Calvi Citadel
Crowning a lofty promontory, Calvi’s massive fortified citadel offers superb wraparound views from its five bastions. Built by the town’s Genoese governors, it has fended off everyone from Franco-Turkish raiders to Anglo-Corsican armies. Inside the battlements, don’t miss the well-proportioned Caserne Sampiero, a military barracks that once served as the Genoese administration's seat of power, and the 13th-century Cathédrale St-Jean Baptiste, whose most celebrated relic is the ebony Christ des Miracles, credited with saving Calvi from Saracen invasion in 1553.
Former Genoese fortress, the Calvi Citadel which is visible from the beaches, stands elegantly above the city. Inside its ramparts, you can discover, over pretty cobbled streets, the world in which the famous explorer Christopher Columbus was born and the ruins of the house where he lived. You will also see Saint Anthony's Oratory and the famous Saint Jean-Baptiste Cathedral.
The location of the Calvi Citadel perched on a rocky promontory, makes it a perfect place to discover the surroundings with a 360° panorama of the city, the port, the Gulf of Calvi and the surrounding mountains. Moreover, merely with its cobbled streets and typical Genoese houses, it narrates the city's history in its own way.
( Calvi - France ) is well know as a tourist destination because of the variety of places you can enjoy while you are visiting Calvi . Through a series of videos we will try to show you recommended places to visit in Calvi - France
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Bastia - Jean Baptiste Cathedral - Wedding and singing - July 18, 2015
Places to see in ( Bastia - France )
Places to see in ( Bastia - France )
Bastia is a city on the French island of Corsica. Bars and restaurants line the Old Port, with the twin-towered Church of St. Jean-Baptiste rising behind it. Terra Nova, a centuries-old citadel with ramparts, was built by Genoese rulers. Nearby is the Cathedral of Ste. Marie, filled with paintings and marble statues. The Governor’s Palace houses the Bastia Museum, showcasing the city’s history.
Filled with heart, soul and character, the bustling old port of Bastia is a good surprise. Sure, it might not measure up to the sexy style of Ajaccio or the architectural appeal of Bonifacio, but it has an irresistible magnetism. Bastia is an authentic snapshot of modern-day Corsica, a lived-in city that’s resisted the urge to polish up its image just to please the tourists. The historical neighbourhoods of Terra Vecchia and Terra Nova are especially vibrant – allow yourself a day to take in the sights and mosey around atmospheric streets and boutiques.
Bastia is a French commune in the Haute-Corse department of France located in the north-east of the island of Corsica at the base of Cap Corse. It also has the second-highest population of any commune on the island after Ajaccio and is the capital of the Bagnaja region and of the department. Bastia is the principal port of the island and its principal commercial town and is especially famous for its wines. Approximately 10% of the population are immigrants. The unemployment rate in the commune has persistently been one of the highest in France, standing at over 20% in 2004.
Located in the North-East of Corsica at the base of the Cap Corse, between the sea and the mountain, Bastia is the principal port of the island. The city is located 35 km (22 mi) away from the northern tip of the Cap Corse, 50 km (31 mi) west from Elba, an Italian island, and 90 km (56 mi) away from continental Italy which can be seen a few days per year when visibility is excellent.
Alot to see in Bastia such as :
Place Saint-Nicolas
Musée de Bastia
Église Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Bastia
Bastia Cathedral
Palais des Gouverneurs
Réserve naturelle de l'étang de Biguglia
L'Agriate
L'Arinella
Col de Teghime
Alb'Oru Cultural Center.
Église Sainte-Croix de Bastia
Tour d'Erbalunga
Plage de l'Arinella
Jardin Romieu
Corse Miniature animé
La statue de Napoléon dans le style romain
Vieux Port
Lieu de Mémoire Combattante
Mémorial du Col de Teghime
Parc Luccianella
( Bastia - France ) is well know as a tourist destination because of the variety of places you can enjoy while you are visiting Bastia . Through a series of videos we will try to show you recommended places to visit in Bastia - France
Join us for more :
Bastia (Corse) : Itinéraire de visite touristique et culturelle par vue aérienne de la ville en 3D
aircitytour.com, l'itinéraire de vos visites touristiques et culturelles en vidéo en 3D. D'autres visites sont disponibles sur aircitytour.com
Visite virtuelle de la ville de Bastia (Corse), par vue aérienne, à partir du logiciel Google Earth.
Détail de la visite par lieux :
- Port de Plaisance de Toga
- Eglise Notre Dame de Lourdes
- Place Saint Nicolas
- Oratoire Saint Roch
- Oratoire de l'Immaculée Conception
- Place du Marché
- Vieux Port
- Eglise Saint Jean Baptiste
- Jardin Romieu
- Citadelle
- Palais des Gouverneurs & Musée d'Ethnographie
- Eglise Saint Marie, Ancienne Cathédrale
- Eglise Saint Charles
- Palais de Justice
- Eglise Notre Dame de Monserato, Scala Santa
- Plage de Ficaghjola
- Notre Dame des Victoires
- Plage de l'Arinella.
CERVIONI...la Cathédrale.( 4 )
C'est la troisième vidéo sur la Cathédrale de Cervioni ....le dôme est presque terminé et sera magnifique . le fond musical est assuré ,à l'orgue , par Claude Tosi .
Calvi (Corse) : Itinéraire de visite touristique et culturelle par vue aérienne de la ville en 3D
aircitytour.com, l'itinéraire de vos visites touristiques et culturelles en vidéo en 3D (visite virtuelle). D'autres visites sont disponibles sur aircitytour.com
Visite virtuelle de la ville de Calvi (Corse), par vue aérienne en 3D, à partir du logiciel Google Earth.
Détail de la visite par lieux :
- La Croix des Autrichiens | Capu di a Veta
- Chapelle de Notre-Dame de la Serra
- La Pinède
- Plage de Calvi
- Port de Plaisance
- Cathédrale Sainte Marie Majeure
- La Tour
- Citadelle de Calvi
- Cathedrale Saint Jean Baptiste
- Pointe de la Revellata
- Phare de la Revellata
- Plage d'Algajola
- Village d'Occi
- Clos Culombu
- Le Château du Prince Pierre Bonaparte
L'orgue de Notre-Dame de Paris - L'Info du Vrai du 16/04 - CANAL+
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Tourist Attraction you should Visit Calvi | Corsica | France
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First Council of Lyon | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
First Council of Lyon
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
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- learn while on the move
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
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while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
The First Council of Lyon (Lyon I) was the thirteenth ecumenical council, as numbered by the Catholic Church, taking place in 1245.
The First General Council of Lyon was presided over by Pope Innocent IV. Innocent IV, threatened by Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, arrived at Lyon on 2 December 1244, and early the following year he summoned the Church's bishops to the council later that same year. Some two hundred and fifty prelates responded including the Latin Patriarchs of Constantinople, Antioch, and Aquileia (Venice) and 140 bishops. The Latin emperor Baldwin II of Constantinople, Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse, and Raymond Bérenger IV, Count of Provence were among those who participated. With Rome under siege by Emperor Frederick II, the pope used the council to excommunicate and depose the emperor with Ad Apostolicae Dignitatis Apicem, as well as the Portuguese King Sancho II. The council also directed a new crusade (the Seventh Crusade), under the command of Louis IX of France, to reconquer the Holy Land.At the opening, on 28 June, after the singing of the Veni Creator, Spiritu, Innocent IV preached on the subject of the five wounds of the Church and compared them to his own five sorrows: (1) the poor behaviour of both clergy and laity; (2) the insolence of the Saracens who occupied the Holy Land; (3) the Great East-West Schism; (4) the cruelties of the Tatars in Hungary; and (5) the persecution of the Church by the Emperor Frederick.
At the second session on 5 July, the bishop of Calvi and a Spanish archbishop attacked the emperor's behaviour, and in a subsequent session on 17 July, Innocent pronounced the deposition of Frederick. The deposition was signed by one hundred and fifty bishops and the Dominicans and Franciscans were given the responsibility for its publication. However, Innocent IV did not possess the material means to enforce the decree.
The Council of Lyon promulgated several other purely disciplinary measures:
It obliged the Cistercians to pay tithes,
It approved the Rule of the Grandmontines,
It decided the institution of the Octave of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin,
It prescribed that cardinals were to wear a red hat,
It prepared thirty-eight constitutions which were later inserted by Boniface VIII in his Decretals, the most important of which decreed a levy of a twentieth on every benefice for three years for the relief of the Holy Land.Among those attending was the future saint Thomas Cantilupe who was made a papal chaplain and given a dispensation to hold his benefices in plurality.
Pope John Paul II | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Pope John Paul II
00:03:37 1 Early life
00:10:13 2 Presbyterate
00:15:42 3 Episcopate and cardinalate
00:20:14 4 Papacy
00:20:23 4.1 Election
00:24:03 4.2 Pastoral trips
00:29:40 5 Teachings
00:31:55 5.1 Moral stances
00:34:58 5.2 Apartheid in South Africa
00:35:58 5.3 Capital punishment
00:37:28 5.4 European Union
00:40:09 5.5 Evolution
00:41:13 5.6 Iraq War
00:42:11 5.7 Liberation theology
00:43:22 5.8 Organised crime
00:44:10 5.9 Persian Gulf War
00:45:40 5.10 Rwandan genocide
00:46:51 5.11 Views on sexuality
00:47:51 6 Reform of canon law
00:48:59 6.1 1983 Code of Canon Law
00:49:51 6.2 Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches
00:50:32 6.3 iPastor Bonus/i
00:51:14 7 iCatechism of the Catholic Church/i
00:51:58 8 Role in the collapse of dictatorships
00:53:00 8.1 Chile
00:56:08 8.2 Haiti
00:57:47 8.3 Paraguay
00:59:02 9 Role in the fall of Communism
01:02:14 9.1 Communist attempt to humiliate John Paul II
01:03:27 10 Relations with other denominations and religions
01:03:57 10.1 Anglicanism
01:05:03 10.2 Animism
01:06:59 10.3 Armenian Apostolic Church
01:08:01 10.4 Buddhism
01:09:27 10.5 Eastern Orthodox Church
01:13:02 10.6 Islam
01:14:35 10.7 Jainism
01:15:20 10.8 Judaism
01:20:16 10.9 Lutheranism
01:21:59 11 Assassination attempts and plots
01:27:45 12 Apologies
01:29:25 13 Health
01:30:49 14 Death and funeral
01:30:58 14.1 Final months
01:31:25 14.2 Final illness and death
01:34:02 14.3 Aftermath
01:35:53 15 Posthumous recognition
01:36:03 15.1 Title the Great
01:38:13 15.2 Institutions named after John Paul II
01:38:51 15.3 Beatification
01:45:10 15.4 Canonisation
01:47:16 16 Criticism and controversy
01:47:43 16.1 Child sex abuse scandals
01:51:40 16.2 Opus Dei controversies
01:52:40 16.3 Banco Ambrosiano scandal
01:54:33 16.4 Problems with traditionalists
01:56:25 16.5 Religion and AIDS
01:57:11 16.6 Social programmes
01:57:40 16.7 Ian Paisley
01:58:24 16.8 Međugorje apparitions
01:59:04 16.9 Beatification controversy
01:59:49 17 Stolen relic
02:00:55 18 Personal life
02:03:01 19 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Pope John Paul II (Latin: Ioannes Paulus II; Italian: Giovanni Paolo II; Polish: Jan Paweł II; born Karol Józef Wojtyła; [ˈkarɔl ˈjuzɛv vɔjˈtɨwa]; 18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) served as Pope and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 to 2005.
He was elected by the second Papal conclave of 1978, which was called after Pope John Paul I, who had been elected in August to succeed Pope Paul VI, died after 33 days.
Cardinal Wojtyła was elected on the third day of the conclave and adopted his predecessor's name in tribute to him. John Paul II is recognised as helping to end Communist rule in his native Poland and eventually all of Europe. John Paul II significantly improved the Catholic Church's relations with Judaism, Islam, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Anglican Communion. He upheld the Church's teachings on such matters as artificial contraception, the ordination of women, and a celibate clergy, and although he supported the reforms of the Second Vatican Council, he was seen as generally conservative in their interpretation.He was one of the most travelled world leaders in history, visiting 129 countries during his pontificate. As part of his special emphasis on the universal call to holiness, he beatified 1,340 people and canonised 483 saints, more than the combined tally of his predecessors during the preceding five centuries. By the time of his death, he had named most of the College of Cardinals, consecrated or co-consecrated a large number of the world's bishops, and ordained many priests. A key goal of John Paul's papacy was to transform and reposition the Catholic Church. His wish was to place his Church at the heart of a new religious alliance that would bring together Jews, Muslims and Christians in a great religious armada.John Paul II was the second longest-serving pope in modern history after Pope Pius IX, who served for nearly 32 years from ...
John Paul II | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
John Paul II
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Pope John Paul II (Latin: Ioannes Paulus II; Italian: Giovanni Paolo II; Polish: Jan Paweł II; born Karol Józef Wojtyła; [ˈkarɔl ˈjuzɛv vɔjˈtɨwa]; 18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) served as Pope and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 to 2005.
He was elected by the second Papal conclave of 1978, which was called after Pope John Paul I, who had been elected in August to succeed Pope Paul VI, died after thirty-three days.
Cardinal Wojtyła was elected on the third day of the conclave and adopted his predecessor's name in tribute to him. John Paul II is recognised as helping to end Communist rule in his native Poland and eventually all of Europe. John Paul II significantly improved the Catholic Church's relations with Judaism, Islam, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Anglican Communion. He upheld the Church's teachings on such matters as artificial contraception and the ordination of women, but also supported the Church's Second Vatican Council and its reforms.
He was one of the most travelled world leaders in history, visiting 129 countries during his pontificate. As part of his special emphasis on the universal call to holiness, he beatified 1,340 people and canonised 483 saints, more than the combined tally of his predecessors during the preceding five centuries. By the time of his death, he had named most of the College of Cardinals, consecrated or co-consecrated a large number of the world's bishops, and ordained many priests. A key goal of John Paul's papacy was to transform and reposition the Catholic Church. His wish was to place his Church at the heart of a new religious alliance that would bring together Jews, Muslims and Christians in a great religious armada.John Paul II was the second longest-serving pope in modern history after Pope Pius IX, who served for nearly 32 years from 1846 to 1878. Born in Poland, John Paul II was the first non-Italian pope since the Dutch Pope Adrian VI, who served from 1522 to 1523. John Paul II's cause for canonisation commenced in 2005 one month after his death with the traditional five-year waiting period waived. On 19 December 2009, John Paul II was proclaimed Venerable by his successor Pope Benedict XVI and was beatified on 1 May 2011 (Divine Mercy Sunday) after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints attributed one miracle to his intercession, the healing of a French nun from Parkinson's disease. A second miracle attributed to John Paul II's intercession was approved on 2 July 2013, and confirmed by Pope Francis two days later (two miracles must be attributed to a person's intercession to be declared a saint). John Paul II was canonised on 27 April 2014 (again Divine Mercy Sunday), together with Pope John XXIII. On 11 September 2014, Pope Francis added these two optional memorials to the worldwide General Roman Calendar of saints, in response to worldwide requests. It is traditional to celebrate saints' feast days on the anniversary of their deaths, but that of John Paul II (22 October) is celebrated on the anniversary of his papal inauguration. Posthumously, he has been referred to by some Catholics as John Paul the Great, although the title has no official recognition.