Places to see in ( Strasbourg - France ) Eglise protestante Saint Pierre le Jeune
Places to see in ( Strasbourg - France ) Eglise protestante Saint Pierre le Jeune
The Saint-Pierre-le-Jeune Protestant Church is one of the most important church buildings of the city of Strasbourg, France, from the art historical and architectural viewpoints. It got its name, Young St. Peter's, because of the existence of three other St. Peter's churches in the same city: Saint-Pierre-le-Vieux (Old St. Peter's), divided into a Catholic and a Lutheran church, and Saint-Pierre-le-Jeune catholique, a massive neo-Romanesque domed church from the late 19th century.
The church has been Lutheran since 1524 and its congregation forms part of the Protestant Church of Augsburg Confession of Alsace and Lorraine. It is located on the Route Romane d'Alsace. The oldest part of the church is the small lower church used as a burial crypt, which is the remains of a Columban church erected in the 7th century.
Three of the four arched galleries of the cloister date from the 11th century, the fourth arched gallery is from the 14th century.
The Gothic main building, with its numerous chapels and the lavish rib vault dates from the 14th century. There are many frescoes from this time and the following one-and-one-half centuries, memorial slabs and monuments, the baptismal font, the central painting of the high altar and the choir screen, now unique in Alsace, which have also been maintained.
In 1780, the now nationally famous choir organ of Johann Andreas Silbermann was built (restored in 1948 and 1966 according to the rules of the Organ reform movement). Helmut Walcha recorded a large part of his performances of Bach's organ works here. The pulpit also dates from the same century, as well as another altar.
Between 1897 and 1901, the church, which had fallen into disrepair, was fundamentally overhauled by the Karlsruhe architect Carl Schäfer, one of the most important representatives of neo-Gothic sacred architecture in Germany. At that time, the entrance was moved to the side and a new main portal was created, a copy of the northern entrance of the facade of the Strasbourg Cathedral. The cloisters were painted in polychrome, following the example of the Hortus Deliciarum. The life-sized baptismal angel statue, along with the chapel and the choir glass windows, also date from this time.
( Strasbourg - France ) is well know as a tourist destination because of the variety of places you can enjoy while you are visiting Strasbourg . Through a series of videos we will try to show you recommended places to visit in Strasbourg - France
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St Pierre le Jeune Strasbourg 2010
Strasbourg (France) : Itinéraire de visite touristique par vue aérienne de la ville en 3D
aircitytour.com, l'itinéraire de vos visites touristiques et culturelles en vidéo en 3D (visite virtuelle). D'autres visites sont disponibles sur aircitytour.com
Visite virtuelle de la ville de Strasbourg (France), par vue aérienne en 3D, à partir du logiciel Google Earth.
Détail de la visite par lieux :
- Parc animalier Friedel
- Jardin des Deux Rives
- Le Vaisseau
- Parc de la Citadelle
- Parc du Heyritz
- La Petite France
- Château Vodou
- Musée d'art moderne et contemporain
- Barrage Vauban
- Ponts couverts
- Grande Île de Strasbourg
- Église Saint-Pierre-le-Vieux de Strasbourg
- Place Kléber
- Église Saint-Thomas de Strasbourg
- Musée alsacien
- Musée historique de Strasbourg
- Palais Rohan
- Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Strasbourg
- Place du Château
- Cabinet des estampes et des dessins de Strasbourg
- Musée de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame
- Musée archéologique, Musée des arts décoratifs & Musée des beaux-arts de Strasbourg
- Fondation de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame
- Porte des Remparts
- Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg
- Jardin botanique de l'université de Strasbourg
- Musée zoologique de la ville de Strasbourg
- Musée de sismologie et de magnétisme terrestre
- Musée de minéralogie de Strasbourg
- Église réformée Saint-Paul
- Musée Tomi Ungerer
- Palais du Rhin
- Église protestante Saint-Pierre-le-Jeune de Strasbourg
- Église Saint-Pierre-le-Jeune catholique de Strasbourg
- Grande synagogue de la Paix
- Orangerie Park
- Zoo de L'orangerie
- Lieu d'Europe
- Parc de Pourtalès
- MM Park France
Places to see in ( Strasbourg - France ) Eglise Saint Thomas
Places to see in ( Strasbourg - France ) Eglise Saint Thomas
St Thomas' Church is a historical building in Strasbourg, eastern France. It is the main Lutheran church of the city since its Cathedral became Catholic again after the annexation of the town by France in 1681. It is nicknamed the Protestant Cathedral (la cathédrale du Protestantisme alsacien, Kathedrale der Protestanten) or the Old Lady (Die alte Dame), and the only example of a hall church in the Alsace region. The building is located on the Route Romane d'Alsace. It is classified as a Monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture since 1862. Its congregation forms part of the Protestant Church of Augsburg Confession of Alsace and Lorraine.
The site on which the current church stands was used as a place of worship under the patronage of Thomas the Apostle as early as the sixth century. In the ninth century, Bishop Adelochus established a magnificent church with adjoining school, however both burned down in 1007, and again in 1144. In 1196, construction began on the façade of a new, fortress-like building with an imposing steeple, built in the Roman style. Interrupted several times, the building work was completed in 1521, in the style of the late Gothic. Around 1450, the church commissioned a set of oil on panel paintings dedicated to the Passion of Jesus. Most of the surviving panels of this once scattered set are now kept in the Staatliche Kunsthalle in Karlsruhe, which is why the anonymous master who painted them earned the notname of ″Master of the Karlsruhe Passion″. It is assumed that he is identical with the painter Hans Hirtz, recorded in Strasbourg before 1460. The upper right angle of the Christ Carrying the Cross shows the St. Thomas Church as it still looks today.
The church is a five-naved hall church, the oldest on the territory of former south-west Germany. Inside it is approximately 65 metres long and 30 metres wide, with a height of 22m (30m under the late-Gothic cupola). There is a gallery on the left outer aisle, and chapels to the left and right of the apse.
The church is internationally renowned for its historic and musically-significant organs: the 1741 Silbermann organ, played by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1778 and faithfully restored in 1979 by Alfred Kern; the French organist Louis Thiry recorded the Art of fugue by Johann Sebastian Bach on this organ. Another organ is the 1905 organ (installed in 1906) built by Fritz Haerpfer, following a design by Albert Schweitzer.
Monuments at the church date from between 1130 and 1850. Most famous are the richly decorated sarcophagus of Bishop Adelochus (ca. 1130) by the Master of Eschau and the huge, late-Baroque mausoleum of Marshall Maurice de Saxe (1777), created by Jean-Baptiste Pigalle. Among the many other remarkable monuments, the Renaissance tombstone of Nikolaus Roeder von Tiersberg (1510) is notable for its realistic depiction of his decaying corpse. Roeder had been the donor of the life-size Mount of Olives group of sculptures (1498) now to be seen inside Strasbourg Cathedral. Neoclassical sculptor Landolin Ohmacht is represented by two works, one of them dedicated to Jean-Frédéric Oberlin.
( Strasbourg - France ) is well know as a tourist destination because of the variety of places you can enjoy while you are visiting Strasbourg . Through a series of videos we will try to show you recommended places to visit in Strasbourg - France
Join us for more :
????????TOUR 500 YEAR FORMER PROTESTANT St. Thomas Cathedral, Strasbourg, France
St Thomas' Church (French: Église Saint-Thomas, German: Thomaskirche) is a historical building in Strasbourg, eastern France. It is the main Lutheran church of the city since its Cathedral became Catholic again after the annexation of the town by France in 1681. It is nicknamed the Protestant Cathedral (la cathédrale du Protestantisme alsacien, Kathedrale der Protestanten) or the Old Lady (Die alte Dame),[1] and the only example of a hall church in the Alsace region. The building is located on the Route Romane d'Alsace. It is classified as a Monument historique by the French Ministry of Culturesince 1862.[2] Its congregation forms part of the Protestant Church of Augsburg Confession of Alsace and Lorraine.
1515.Eglise cath. St-Pierre-le-Vieux Strasbourg (4/14) / Kath. Alt-St-Peterkirche Straβburg (4/14)
(Deutscher Text : siehe unten)
Sonnerie partielle (1 cloche sur 4) de l'église catholique Saint-Pierre-le-Vieux de Strasbourg: cloche 2.
Tonalité : mi bémol 3.
Cette cloche fut coulée en 1973 par la fonderie de cloches de Heidelberg (Allemagne) et est dédiée à Saint-Amand.
Saint-Pierre-le-Vieux comprend deux églises, une protestante (construite au Moyen Age) et une catholique, construite au 19ème siècle en style néo-gothique, perpendiculairement à l'ancienne église, à la place du choeur de celle-ci.
Teilgeläut (1 von 4 Glocken) der katholischen Alt-Sankt-Peter-Kirche in Straβburg : Glocke 2.
Schlagton : es'.
Diese Glocke wurde 1973 von der Heidelberger Glockengieβerei gegossen und ist dem heiligen Amandus gewidmet.
Alt-Sankt-Peter von Straβburg ist ein Kirchenkomplex, der aus einer katholischen und einer protestantischen Kirche besteht. Die protestantische Kirche wurde im Mittelalter gebaut. Die katholische Kirche wurde im 19. Jahrhundert im neugotischen Stil als Quergebäude an Stelle des ehemaligen Chors errichtet.
Strasburg Church, Gutes Essen Good Eating in German Russian Country
The Strasburg Church Supper is an event held every year in the fall to help raise money for The Saints Peter and Paul Catholic Church. They use the same recipes every year because there's no need to change a recipe that good.
Choir Practice, Protestant Church, Riquewihr/Alsace/France
Walked in this beautiful little church in the medieval town of Riquewihr to hear the choir practicing. Beautiful!
Strasbourg | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:46 1 Etymology and names
00:04:50 2 Geography
00:04:59 2.1 Location
00:06:39 2.2 Climate
00:08:10 3 History
00:11:03 4 Districts
00:11:47 5 Main sights
00:11:57 5.1 Architecture
00:18:41 5.2 Parks
00:20:15 5.3 Museums
00:20:31 5.3.1 Fine art museums
00:23:08 5.3.2 Other museums
00:24:33 5.3.3 University museums
00:25:51 5.3.4 Museums in the suburbs
00:26:20 6 Demographics
00:26:47 6.1 Population growth
00:26:56 6.2 Population composition
00:27:06 7 Culture
00:28:00 7.1 Events
00:28:48 8 Education
00:28:57 8.1 Universities and tertiary education
00:31:52 8.2 Primary and secondary education
00:32:40 9 Libraries
00:34:04 9.1 Incunabula
00:35:04 10 Transportation
00:39:09 10.1 Strasbourg Public Transportation Statistics
00:40:00 11 European role
00:40:10 11.1 Institutions
00:41:32 11.2 Eurodistrict
00:41:58 12 Sports
00:42:37 13 Honours
00:43:04 14 Notable people
00:44:18 15 Twin towns and sister cities
00:45:19 16 In popular culture
00:45:29 16.1 In film
00:46:09 16.2 In literature
00:46:39 16.3 In music
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I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Strasbourg (UK: , US: , French: [stʁazbuʁ, stʁasbuʁ]; Alsatian: Strossburi [ˈʃd̥ʁɔːsb̥uʁi] (listen); German: Straßburg [ˈʃtʁaːsbʊɐ̯k]) is the capital and largest city of the Grand Est region of France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Located at the border with Germany in the historic region of Alsace, it is the capital of the Bas-Rhin department.
In 2016, the city proper had 279,284 inhabitants and both the Eurométropole de Strasbourg (Greater Strasbourg) and the Arrondissement of Strasbourg had 491,409 inhabitants. Strasbourg's metropolitan area had a population of 785,839 in 2015 (not counting the section across the border in Germany), making it the ninth largest metro area in France and home to 13% of the Grand Est region's inhabitants. The transnational Eurodistrict Strasbourg-Ortenau had a population of 915,000 inhabitants in 2014.Strasbourg is one of the de facto three main capitals of the European Union (alongside Brussels and Luxembourg), as it is the seat of several European institutions, such as the Council of Europe (with its European Court of Human Rights, its European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines most commonly known in French as Pharmacopée Européenne its European Audiovisual Observatory), the Eurocorps, as well as the European Parliament and the European Ombudsman of the European Union.
The city is also the seat of many non-European international institutions such as the Central Commission for Navigation on the Rhine and the International Institute of Human Rights. It is the second city in France in terms of international congress and symposia, after Paris.
Strasbourg's historic city centre, the Grande Île (Grand Island), was classified a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1988, the first time such an honour was placed on an entire city centre. Strasbourg is immersed in Franco-German culture and although violently disputed throughout history, has been a cultural bridge between France and Germany for centuries, especially through the University of Strasbourg, currently the second largest in France, and the coexistence of Catholic and Protestant culture. It is also home to the largest Islamic place of worship in France, the Strasbourg Grand Mosque.Economically, Strasbourg is an important centre of manufacturing and engineering, as well as a hub of road, rail, and river transportation. The port of Strasbourg is the second largest on the Rhine after Duisburg in Germany, and the fourth largest river port in France after Nantes, Rouen and Bordeaux.
Strasbourg | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Strasbourg
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
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- improves your listening skills
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Strasbourg (, French: [stʁazbuʁ, stʁasbuʁ]; Alsatian: Strossburi [ˈʃd̥ʁɔːsb̥uʁi]; German: Straßburg [ˈʃtʁaːsbʊɐ̯k]) is the capital and largest city of the Grand Est region of France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Located close to the border with Germany in the historic region of Alsace, it is the capital of the Bas-Rhin department. In 2014, the city proper had 276,170 inhabitants and both the Eurométropole de Strasbourg (Greater Strasbourg) and the Arrondissement of Strasbourg had 484,157 inhabitants. Strasbourg's metropolitan area had a population of 773,347 in 2013 (not counting the section across the border in Germany), making it the ninth largest metro area in France and home to 13% of the Grand Est region's inhabitants. The transnational Eurodistrict Strasbourg-Ortenau had a population of 915,000 inhabitants in 2014.Strasbourg is one of the de facto capitals of the European Union (alongside Brussels and Luxembourg), as it is the seat of several European institutions, such as the Council of Europe (with its European Court of Human Rights, its European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines and its European Audiovisual Observatory) and the Eurocorps, as well as the European Parliament and the European Ombudsman of the European Union. The city is also the seat of the Central Commission for Navigation on the Rhine and the International Institute of Human Rights.Strasbourg's historic city centre, the Grande Île (Grand Island), was classified a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1988, the first time such an honour was placed on an entire city centre. Strasbourg is immersed in Franco-German culture and although violently disputed throughout history, has been a cultural bridge between France and Germany for centuries, especially through the University of Strasbourg, currently the second largest in France, and the coexistence of Catholic and Protestant culture. It is also home to the largest Islamic place of worship in France, the Strasbourg Grand Mosque.Economically, Strasbourg is an important centre of manufacturing and engineering, as well as a hub of road, rail, and river transportation. The port of Strasbourg is the second largest on the Rhine after Duisburg, Germany.
NUIT DES CATHEDRALES 05 2014 - Bernard Xibaut - images Dany Fischer
Conférence de Bernard XIBAUT à la 5ème nuit des Cathédrales en mai 2014.
1681 - de la cathédrale luthérienne à la cathédrale catholique.
ou la restitution de la cathédrale au culte catholique.
Mgr Sidrak Les chrétiens d'Egypte - 1 de 2
Mgr Ibrahim Isaac Sidrak,patriarche copte catholique égyptien, lors de la Nuit des témoins 2014 de l'Aide à l'Eglise en détresse le lundi 24 mars en l'église St-Pierre-le-jeune de Strasbourg, première partie.
Seconde partie en cliquant sur le lien ci-desssous :
France: The City of Strasbourg
Strasbourg is the capital and largest city of the Grand Est region of France. Located close to the border with Germany in the historic region of Alsace, it is the capital of the Bas-Rhin département.
Strasbourg's historic city centre, the Grande Île (Grand Island), was classified a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1988, the first time such an honour was placed on an entire city centre. Strasbourg is immersed in Franco-German culture and although violently disputed throughout history, has been a cultural bridge between France and Germany for centuries, especially through the University of Strasbourg, currently the second largest in France, and the coexistence of Catholic and Protestant culture.
Interesting is the Panorama from the Barrage Vauban with the medieval bridge Ponts Couverts in the foreground (the fourth tower being hidden by trees at the left) and the cathedral in the distance on the right.
The city is chiefly known for its sandstone Gothic Cathedral with its famous astronomical clock, and for its medieval cityscape of Rhineland black and white timber-framed buildings, particularly in the Petite France district or Gerberviertel (tanners' district) alongside the Ill and in the streets and squares surrounding the cathedral, where the renowned Maison Kammerzell stands out.
In addition to the cathedral, Strasbourg houses several other medieval churches that have survived the many wars and destructions that have plagued the city.
For more information see Wikipedia, our better visit this city and take your time:)
Jesus Statue - Look Mom, No Hands!
I should start vlogging again soon.
Meanwhile, enjoy this awkward cemetery video.
And sorry for the bad sound quality, it was pretty windy.
Diet of Augsburg and the Augsburg Confession
The Augsburg Confession, presented to the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Augsburg on June 25, 1530, became one of the most pivotal documents of the Protestant Reformation. Written by Luther’s colleague, German Reformer Philipp Melanchthon, the confession clearly articulated Lutheran theological convictions.
It was a document intended to restore political and religious unity in the free territories of Germany. It became the primary confession of faith for the Lutheran Church. Melanchthon used biblical references throughout each of the 28 articles of confession, including Romans 3 and 4 in the article outlining Luther’s argument for justification by faith: “That . . . men cannot be justified before God by their own strength, merits, or works, but are freely justified for Christ’s sake, through faith.”
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Where love comes to life
Where love comes to life
© Words and music: Adrian Kitson. Permission granted for use in LCA congregations.
Voltaire | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:04 1 Biography
00:04:34 1.1 Name
00:06:44 1.2 Early fiction
00:08:24 1.3 Great Britain
00:12:41 1.4 Château de Cirey
00:18:07 1.5 Prussia
00:21:02 1.6 Geneva and Ferney
00:23:42 1.7 Death and burial
00:26:09 2 Writings
00:26:18 2.1 History
00:29:43 2.2 Poetry
00:30:45 2.3 Prose
00:35:15 2.4 Letters
00:36:04 3 Religious views
00:37:31 3.1 Christianity
00:41:45 3.2 Judaism
00:44:59 3.3 Islam
00:48:52 3.3.1 Drama iMahomet/i
00:51:34 3.4 Hinduism
00:52:22 4 Views on race and slavery
00:55:05 5 Appreciation and influence
01:00:00 6 Voltaire and Rousseau
01:04:05 7 Legacy
01:09:00 8 Chronology
01:09:10 9 Works
01:09:18 9.1 Non-fiction
01:11:50 9.2 Novellas
01:13:46 9.3 Plays
01:15:22 9.4 Collected works
01:16:01 10 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
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- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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Speaking Rate: 0.8993145204556178
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-F
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
François-Marie Arouet (French: [fʁɑ̃swa maʁi aʁwɛ]; 21 November 1694 – 30 May 1778), known by his nom de plume Voltaire (; French: [vɔltɛːʁ]), was a French Enlightenment writer, historian and philosopher famous for his wit, his criticism of Christianity, especially the Roman Catholic Church, and his advocacy of freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and separation of church and state.
Voltaire was a versatile and prolific writer, producing works in almost every literary form, including plays, poems, novels, essays and historical and scientific works. He wrote more than 20,000 letters and more than 2,000 books and pamphlets. He was an outspoken advocate of civil liberties, despite the risk this placed him in under the strict censorship laws of the time. As a satirical polemicist, he frequently made use of his works to criticize intolerance, religious dogma and the French institutions of his day.
Caroline, Princess of Hanover
Caroline, Princess of Hanover (Caroline Louise Marguerite; born 23 January 1957), is the eldest child of Rainier III, Prince of Monaco, and the American actress Grace Kelly. She is the elder sister of Prince Albert II and Princess Stéphanie. She has been heir presumptive to the throne of Monaco since 2005, a position which she previously held from 1957 to 1958.
Caroline is married to Ernst August, Prince of Hanover (born 1954), the pretender to the former throne of the Kingdom of Hanover, as well as the genealogical heir male of George III of the United Kingdom.
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DANS LES PASSAGES SECRETS D'UNE CATHÉDRALE !
On nous a confié la clef qui ouvre toutes les portes des passages secrets de la cathédrale Saint-Étienne de Metz.
Nouvelle vidéo tous les mardis à 18h !
Abonnez-vous à la chaîne :
Remerciements :
Inspire Metz, l'agence de développement touristique et économique de la ville de Metz pour son soutien.
Magasin Saturn Esch-Belval, notre partenaire matériel sur cette exploration nocturne, pour son soutien.
Laurent Henn, mon père, pour ses superbes photos. N'hésitez pas à le suivre sur Instagram :
Guillaume Lefèvre, architecte des bâtiments de France et conservateur de l'édifice pour avoir rendu ce projet possible et nous avoir livré (presque) tous les secrets de la cathédrale.
Le chanoine Francis de Backer pour son accueil et ses précieuses informations sur l'édifice.
Dorothé Rachula, Xavier Bouvet, Nicolas d'Ascenzio, Jean-Marie Maurice et monsieur Dominique Gros, maire de Metz.
TWITTER
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La chaîne de François :
Voltaire | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Voltaire
00:00:59 1 Biography
00:04:10 1.1 Name
00:06:10 1.2 Early fiction
00:07:41 1.3 Great Britain
00:11:34 1.4 Château de Cirey
00:16:31 1.5 Prussia
00:19:11 1.6 Geneva and Ferney
00:21:37 1.7 Death and burial
00:23:50 2 Writings
00:23:59 2.1 History
00:27:05 2.2 Poetry
00:28:02 2.3 Prose
00:32:06 2.4 Letters
00:32:52 3 Religious views
00:34:10 3.1 Christianity
00:38:00 3.2 Judaism
00:40:57 3.3 Islam
00:44:27 3.3.1 Drama iMahomet/i
00:46:56 3.4 Hinduism
00:47:39 4 Views on race and slavery
00:50:08 5 Appreciation and influence
00:54:35 6 Voltaire and Rousseau
00:58:19 7 Legacy
01:02:48 8 Chronology
01:02:57 9 Works
01:03:06 9.1 Non-fiction
01:05:23 9.2 Novellas
01:07:07 9.3 Plays
01:08:34 9.4 Collected works
01:09:09 10 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
François-Marie Arouet (French: [fʁɑ̃swa maʁi aʁwɛ]; 21 November 1694 – 30 May 1778), known by his nom de plume Voltaire (French: [vɔltɛːʁ]), was a French Enlightenment writer, historian and philosopher famous for his wit, his criticism of Christianity, especially the Catholic Church, and his advocacy of freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and separation of church and state.
Voltaire was a versatile and prolific writer, producing works in almost every literary form, including plays, poems, novels, essays and historical and scientific works. He wrote more than 20,000 letters and more than 2,000 books and pamphlets. He was an outspoken advocate of civil liberties, despite the risk this placed him in under the strict censorship laws of the time. As a satirical polemicist, he frequently made use of his works to criticize intolerance, religious dogma and the French institutions of his day.