Nikiszowiec, Katowice, Slesia, Poland, Europe
Nikiszowiec is a part of an administrative district Janów-Nikiszowiec of Katowice city. Initially it was coal miners' settlement of Giesche mine built on the land of Gieschewald manor (Giszowiec) between 1908--1918 on the mining metallurgical concern initiative Georg von Giesches Erben. On 9 May 1924, the manor was liquidated, and Nikiszowiec together with Giszowiec were incorporated into Janów district. In 1951 the district became a part of a new city -- Szopienice, however, this decision was voided in 1960, when both Szopienice and Nikiszowiec were incorporated to Katowice. The remnants of the original workers' housing estate familoks (specialized multi-family residences) comprise one of Poland's official national Historic Monuments (Pomnik historii), as designated January 28, 2011 and tracked by the National Heritage Board of Poland. The resulting as estate workers associated with mining Nikiszowiec now feel the effects of political changes and the mixing of the local population of immigrant after the Second World War. Significantly weakened the support of the local community from the Coal Mine evening. The fallen state establishments which formerly gave the work the residents. A large part of the inhabitants of the district has a vocational education or basic mining apprenticeships miner. Moreover habits welfare states cause in the community on the one hand reluctance to take independent effort to improve the situation for personal gain new skills and independent job search, on the other hand - demanding attitudes. The result of the above are social problems: unemployment, low social activity and crime. District feels the lack of a cultural center and housing problems. Recently district is perceived as dangerous because of the crime. They do not result directly from police statistics, where the most dangerous districts of Katowice lists the Centre, Załęże and Szopienice. In Nikiszowiec is most often offenses having the nature of vandalism (punching windows, setting fire to rubbish bins). Coverage in the media rebounded case beatings by thugs firefighters during fire fighting. Hooligan excesses are, amongst others, the result of feuds between warring groups of hooligans GKS Katowice and Ruch Chorzow. With more serious crimes reported robberies with a knife, and in 2003 double murder, which victimizing mother and daughter. In order to improve safety in November 2010 is installed in the heart of the monitoring system he created with the participation of the organizers of Fair on Nikiszu. The installation was undertaken by 3S - Silesian Fiber Optic Networks. The historic building housing estates in Nikiszowiec created and designed by Georg and Emil Zillmann. The construction lasted several years. First block of flats were completed in 1911, and the last, IX block, built in 1919. The settlement on the area of 200 000 m² built around 1000 apartments, in addition folk park, which held 44 000 m², an administrative building, the pithead, steam for the entire crew of the mine Giesche boiler room, dormitory with 504 beds and a large church, then an inn, police outpost, shops, laundry facilities and a school with flats for teachers. Residential building consisted of 165 dwellings; together with a courtyard and street held an average of 1,300 m². Typical apartment in Nikiszowiec consisted of two rooms with a kitchen and had an area of about 63 square meters. The estate Nikiszowiec individual houses (12 three-storey dwellings) are combined in a closed ring blocks. Each of these three-storey czteroboków was merged with the neighboring block nadwieszką (covered bridge) thrown over the street. The courtyards were utility rooms: sties, cells and bake bread. Administration Building, pithead and dormitory were also set in the block. The unit here is a red brick building. With these blocks, and free-standing public facilities, such as church, school, hospital, is formed at a scheduled in advance arrangement the entire estate. Housing as seen from a bird's eye resembles the shape of an amphitheater auditorium with a stage in the center, which is the square of Liberation. The entire complex includes 9 interconnected brick buildings and neo-baroque church. Anne. Body of raw red brick is an architectural whole. To avoid monotony Zillmann tried to give familokom individual character and strongly stressed the architectural design elements such as arches over window and door openings. Buildings are distinguished by many details: bays of different height, depth and shape and are input portals.