Herculaneum, Italy Walking Tour in 4K
****You can click on the time links below to skip ahead.****On August 24th, 79 AD, Mt. Vesuvius erupted for the first time in centuries. Herculaneum, just 3 miles away from the base of Mt. Vesuvius was spared from initial destruction as the wind carried most of the ash and pumice on to Pompeii. On the following night, the plume of ash above Mt. Vesuvius collapsed causing massive pyroclastic flows that buried both Pompeii and Herculaneum. While most of Pompeii has been excavated. It is estimated that only 25% of Herculaneum has been excavated. The rest lies under the current city of Ercolano.
In this video you will see:
00:00 - The ticket entrance
03:45 - Entrance to the archaeological site (Cardo III)
04:40 - House of Aristides
05:36 - House of Argus
08:26 - House of the Skeleton
12:21 - Lower Decumanus Road
13:03 - Cardo IV
13:11 - House of the Wooden Partition
15:55 - House of the Bronze Herma
16:40 - House of the Inn
19:45 - House of the Mosaic Atrium
20:30 - House of the Alcove
27:13 - Cardo III
27:46 - House of Galba
29:03 -Central Thermae (Roman Baths)
29:35 - Apodyterium (Changing Room)
30:40 - Frigidarium (Cold Room)
31:00 - Tepidarium (Warm Room)
31:54 - Caldarium (Hot Room)
35:15 - College of the Augustales
37:06 - The Decumans Maximus
37:58 - House of the Tuscan Colonnade
39:33 - House of the Black Hall
42:54 - House of the Double Porticos
43:35 - House of the Bicentenary
44:48 - Cardo IV
45:40 - House of the Beautiful Courtyard
46:15 - House of the Neptune Mosaic
47:41 - Wine Shop
48:55 - Samnite House
51:23 - Lower Decumanus Road (Decumanus Inferior)
51:43 - House of the Grand Portal
53:11 - Taberna Vasaria
53:35 - Cardo V
54:38 - Decumanus Maximus
56:42 - Bakery
58:34 - Palaestra (partially excavated)
1:00:14 - Swimming pool
1:03:29 - Cardo V
1:04:22 - House of the Relief of Telephus
1:05:44 - House of the Deer
1:07:40 - Terrace view of the Bay of Naples - Digital edit :)
1:10:51 - Marine Gate
1:11:20 - Terrace of M. Nonius Balbus
1:11:56 - Suburban Baths (outside view only)
1:13:06 - The Sacred Area
1:15:34 - The ancient waterfront (Skeletal Remains in Boathouses)
1:18:20 - Exit up through the lava rock
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Herculaneum Websites:
1. Destruction and Re-discovery: A great resource with a lot of pictures and a description of every building.
2. Herculaneum Wikipedia:
3. Herculaneum Before and After Pictures:
4. Official Herculaneum Website:
5. 360 Degree Images of Herculaneum:
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#Prowalks, #WalkingTour, #Herculaneum, #treadmillwalk, #Italy, citywalks, #walks, Ercolano,
Herculaneum Forum Baths
Built in the late 1st century BC and redecorated between AD 41 and 68, these Baths occupy a large part of Insula VI in Herculaneum very close to the (still buried) Basilica. This walk-round takes you through the men's suite of baths starting with the Caldarium (hot room), through to the Tepidarium (warm room) with its partially collapsed floor and then through the Apodyterium (changing room) to the circular Frigidarium (cold room) plunge bath. Not to be confused with the better-preserved Suburban Baths (also on this site).
HERCULANEUM - A TOWN LOST... AND FOUND (1,700 YEARS LATER)
(See also POMPEII A few hours after Mount Vesuvius devastated Pompeii in 79 AD the neighbouring town of Herculaneum was buried by the eruption. And that was that for nearly 1,700 years. But the airtight seal ensured it was very well preserved and excavation has revealed the tastes and lifestyles of upper class Ancient Romans in fascinating detail. (19 July 2011)
17. Bigger Is Better: The Baths of Caracalla and Other Second- and Third-Century Buildings in Rome
Roman Architecture (HSAR 252)
Professor Kleiner discusses the increasing size of Roman architecture in the second and third centuries A.D. as an example of a bigger is better philosophy. She begins with an overview of tomb architecture, a genre that, in Rome as in Ostia, embraced the aesthetic of exposed brick as a facing for the exteriors of buildings. Interiors of second-century tombs, Professor Kleiner reveals, encompass two primary groups -- those that are decorated with painted stucco and those embellished primarily with architectural elements. After a discussion of the Temple of the Divine Antoninus Pius and Faustina and its post-antique afterlife as the Church of S. Lorenzo in Miranda, Professor Kleiner introduces the Severan dynasty as it ushers in the third century. She focuses first on the Arch of Septimius Severus in the Roman Forum, the earliest surviving triple-bayed arch in Rome. She next presents the so-called Septizodium, a lively baroque-style façade for Domitian's Palace on the Palatine Hill. The lecture concludes with the colossal Baths of Caracalla, which awed the public by their size and by a decorative program that assimilated the emperor Caracalla to the hero Hercules.
00:00 - Chapter 1. A Brick Tomb for Annia Regilla on the Via Appia
17:44 - Chapter 2. Second-Century Tomb Interiors in Rome
24:42 - Chapter 3. The Tomb Of the Caetennii in the Vatican Cemetery
36:31 - Chapter 4. The Temple of Antoninus Pius and Faustina the Elder in the Roman Forum
46:21 - Chapter 5. The New Severan Dynasty and The Parthian Arch in the Roman Forum
01:01:59 - Chapter 6. Biggest Is Best: The Baths of Caracalla in Rome
Visiting Italy: Pompeii ruins
If you're planning to travel and visit Italy, Pompeii Ruins are one of the must see Italian tourist attractions.
Around the 1st century AD, Pompeii was a very rich city and tourist destination for the Roman patricians. Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD, buried Pompeii, and the Roman settlements of Herculaneum, Oplontis and Stabiae.
The video use my original score Ghost City. I'd like to ask you, if you like the song, to like it, share it, follow me, etcc etcc.. and if you want, comment the video. Thank you!
Things to see in Pompeii:
You may search on google for the following places, to know more about this nice Italian destination:
Temple of Apollo
Original Etruscan design, amended by the Greeks, and expanded by the Romans with the addition of a perimeter of outer columns.
The Shrine of Pompeii
Roman Catholic cathedral
The Forum of Pompeii
It was the place where all public debates and religious events were carried out, and it was the real heart of the city.
The Lupanar of Pompeii
The Lupanar (from Lupo meaning wolf, because “wolf” in Latin means “prostitute”) is the only building in Pompeii built specifically for this purpose.
House of the Faun in Pompeii
Was a sort of a modern residence and has been called the “House of the Faun” for the bronze statue of the dancing faun, who was at the center of one of the main halls.
The Pompeii Amphitheatre
This timeless place has been the scene of one of the most exciting rock history concerts. In 1971, in fact, Pink Floyd recorded their “Live at Pompeii” concert without an audience, which became one of the most memorable moments in the music history.
Located at the end of Via dell’Abbondanza is the oldest stone building of its kind that has ever been discovered. In fact, its construction dates back to 80 BC, while the first amphitheater of Rome, the one of Statilio Tauro, was built in 29 BC.
The Villa of the Mysteries in Pompeii
Is an ancient roman house, located slightly outside the city and the archaeological site.
Even in the Villa of the Mysteries, bodies were found of people who were doing normal daily activities ,when they were blown over by the violence of the Vesuvius lava.
House of the Vettii
Situated in the western sector of the Pompeii ruins, the House of the Vettii is one the city’s best-preserved Roman villas.
Cave Canem Mosaic
The Cave Canem (Beware of the Dog in Latin) is one of the world’s most famous mosaics, and it’s right here, in the House of the Tragic Poet.
It has been recently restored in order to bring back its ancient splendour
House of the Tragic Poet
Located in the far-west section of Pompeii, the House of the Tragic Poet is famed for its artful decoration, which includes frescoes and mosaics that are surprisingly grand for the home’s relatively small size.
The Garden of fugitives of Pompeii
This place offers visitors a frozen glimpse of Pompeii's appalling last hours: thirteen bodies of people who were trying to flee the deadly volcanic dust and rocks.
Pompeii Thermal Baths
Known as thermae, the public baths were open to all social classes, including slaves, although men and women bathed separately.
Pompeii Spectacula
Built around 70 BC, the amphitheater of Pompeii is the oldest surviving Roman amphitheaters in the world.
First image on the video: Eruption of Vesuvius, Alessandro Sanquirico's set design for the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in Pacini's opera L'ultimo giorno di Pompei, 1827, La Scala production
The Roman Ruins of Deultum - Bulgaria
David's Been Here is touring all the top sites and main attractions in and around the Bulgarian city of Burgas. In this short video, David takes us 17 miles outside the city to the small village of Debelt, where the ancient Roman Ruins of Deultum are located. Home to the Temple of the Imperial Cult (dedicated to Asclepius- the god of health/medicine) and the ancient Roman Thermas (Roman baths), this partially excavated archaeological site is a great look into the rich roman history that once thrived along the Black Sea Coast. For a great half-day trip outside of Burgas, take a wander through the town of Debelt and Deultum's ancient ruins, one of Bulgaria's many remarkable ancient Roman sites.
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About Me:
My name is David Hoffmann and for the last decade I have been traveling around the world in search of unique culture, food and history! Since starting Davidsbeenhere in 2008, I have traveled to 71 countries and over 1,000 destinations, which I welcome you to check out on my YouTube Channel, blog and social medias.
I focus a great deal on food and historic sites, as you probably have seen! I love to experience the different flavors that each destination has to offer, whether it’s casual Street food or gourmet restaurant dining. I’m also passionate about learning the local history and culture.
The Roman Ruins of Deultum - Bulgaria
Davidsbeenhere
Varna, Bulgaria - Roman Baths
Today I took a short trip to Varna, Bulgaria's Roman Baths.
It cost me 4 Bulgarian lek to get in (about $2.56 USD) and only about 20 minutes to walk around the entire complex. There really isn't a whole lot to see there and it doesn't compare well with many of the other Roman ruins around the world. Still, it was a nice little thing to do during my one-week stay in Varna, Bulgaria.
Next week I cycle from Varna to Brasov, Romania. Stay tuned for that adventure!
See more at:
#bicycletouringpro #cycling #biketravel #darrenalff #biketouring #adventurecycling
Rome lecture 1: Pompeii and Roman wall painting
We move to Rome, and begin - a little out of sequence - with the Roman houses and Roman paintings discovered when the ruins of Pompeii were excavated in the 18th century.
Ancient Roman Baths in Pompeii 2011
I went and recorded video at the ancient Roman baths at Pompeii. It is really interesting. You get to see most of the baths.
Herculaneum | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Herculaneum
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Located in the shadow of Mount Vesuvius, Herculaneum (Italian: Ercolano) was an ancient Roman town destroyed by volcanic pyroclastic flows in 79 AD. Its ruins are located in the comune of Ercolano, Campania, Italy.
Herculaneum is one of the few ancient cities to be preserved more or less intact, with no later accretions or modifications. Like its sister city, Pompeii, Herculaneum is famous for having been buried in lava and ash, along with Pompeii, Stabiae, Oplontis and Boscoreale, during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79.
Unlike Pompeii, the heavy blanket of lava that covered Herculaneum carbonized and thereby preserved wood and other organic-based materials such as roofs, beds, doors, and food. Although most of the residents had evacuated the city in advance of the lava, the well-preserved skeletons of 300 people who perished near the seawall were discovered in 1997.
Although it was smaller than Pompeii, Herculaneum was a wealthier town than Pompeii, possessing an extraordinary density of fine houses with, for example, far more lavish use of coloured marble cladding.
Ancient Roman bathing: The Roman Empire - Classic TV
Ancient Roman bathing: The Roman Empire - Classic TV
The Romans emulated many of the Greeks' bathing practices, and surpassed them in the size of their baths. As in Greece, the Roman bath became a focal center for social and recreational activity. With the expansion of the Roman Empire, the idea of the public bath spread to all parts of the Mediterranean and into regions ...
Read More:
Pompeii: the greatest tragedy of the ancient world | Alberto Angela | TEDxPompeii
Alberto Angela talked about the greatest tragedy of Pompei on 79dc
Alberto Angela accompanied his father, Italian TV announcer Piero Angela, on his trips ever since he was a child, something that allowed him to learn many European languages and to acquire a cosmopolitan culture. After being a student in France, he enrolled in a course of Natural Sciences at the University La Sapienza of Rome, finally graduating with 110/110 and a prize for his thesis. He also studied at multiple American universities, where he took courses of specialisation from Harvard, Columbia and UCLA and further focused on palaeontology and paleoanthropology. Once out of university he started working in the research field participating in paleoanthropologic digs in various places in the world, among which Zaire, Ishango, Tanzania, Olduvai and Laetoli, Sultanate of the Oman, Mongolia, and the desert of the Gobi.
This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. Learn more at
Paper Topics: Discovering the Roman Provinces and Designing a Roman City
Roman Architecture (HSAR 252)
Kleiner presents the three options for the course's term paper, which fall into two main categories: a research paper or a project to design a Roman city. For the research paper, she suggests cities and monuments not covered or mentioned briefly in the lectures, which embody some of the themes and issues raised in the course. Such topics include, in the Eastern Empire, the Roman cities of Corinth and Gerasa (Jerash), the Library of Celsus at Ephesus, and the Temple of Bel and the tower tombs at Palmyra. In the West, possible subjects are the Villa of the Papyri at Herculaneum; funerary architecture in Pompeii; a Roman villa at Fishbourne; Roman baths at Bath; and the private houses at Vaison-la-Romaine. Students may also study a site or monument of their choice, provided that the topic is pre-approved by Professor Kleiner. The lecture concludes with an overview of the Design a Roman City option, in which students draw or generate plans and other representations of a hypothetical Roman city of 10,000 inhabitants, accompanied by a paper supporting their proposal.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Introduction to the Term Paper: Requirements and Resources
04:36 - Chapter 2. Option 1: Research Paper and Corinth and Ephesus
15:21 - Chapter 3. The Library of Celsus at Ephesus
23:28 - Chapter 4. Gerasa and Palmyra
37:24 - Chapter 5. The Villa of the Papyri at Herculaneum and the Getty Villa
46:48 - Chapter 6. Further Research Options in England, Israel, Italy, and France
55:57 - Chapter 7. Option 2: Select a Building, Select a Theme
57:15 - Chapter 8. Tower Tombs at Palmyra
58:19 - Chapter 9. Option 3: Design Your Own Roman City
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website:
This course was recorded in Spring 2009.
Virtual History Roma
Mondadori presents a fantastic voyage to Ancient Rome, the capital of the largest empire in the
ancient world, which has been reconstructed in virtual form and which you can explore in a
full-immersion panoramic experience.
The format provides the viewer with an astonishing insight into Roman civilization, using
innovative functions and multimedia content: from the spectacular digital reconstruction of the
city's statues to breathtaking aerial views of the metropolis as it stood 2,000 years ago, from
the manipulation of models of the legionaries, gladiators and war engines to the 3D
exploration of monuments such as the Colosseum, the Circus Maximus, Hadrian's Mausoleum
and many, many others. The reconstruction of their original appearance, as seen from various
angles, is overlaid and compared with their appearance in today's Rome.
As if in a time machine, we can observe how the site of the Colosseum was transformed from
the original marshy hollow, to the great fire and Nero's Domus Aurea (Golden House), and
finally to the amphitheatre itself.
The virtual tour proceeds south to Pompeii, Ercolano and many other important Roman cities --
in Europe and the Mediterranean -- which are presented with 3D models, information pages and
hundreds of superb quality images.
Previously-unpublished material includes a reconstruction of the original appearance of the
Court of the Gladiators (part of which collapsed recently) as it stood in Via dell'Abbondanza
in Pompeii.
Maps and introductory data sheets make it possible to make an in-depth study of the origins
of Rome, its conquests and the fall of the empire, the Romans' extraordinary engineering feats,
art, wars and public spectacles, profiles of the various emperors, and we can discover how
much of Roman civilization has survived to the present day.
This is the first application to use 'bubble view' technology, which was conceived in Italy and
patented in the USA. The system uses sensors built into the moving books (accelerometer and
compass) to create a new generation of illustrations in digital bubble form.
The new digital book becomes a sort of telescope that can be used to examine a threedimensional
reconstruction of Imperial Rome. Future editions will present virtual
reconstructions of other cities and many other imaginary scenarios.
Ischia and Naples
Weekend trip to Ischia and Naples!
Not featured:
dinner with our hostel and the cool people we met in our hostel in Ischia!
No Copyright Infringement Intended, I own no rights to the music in this video
Ancient Roman architecture | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Ancient Roman architecture
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Ancient Roman architecture adopted the external language of classical Greek architecture for the purposes of the ancient Romans, but differed from Greek buildings, becoming a new architectural style. The two styles are often considered one body of classical architecture. Roman architecture flourished in the Roman Republic and even more so under the Empire, when the great majority of surviving buildings were constructed. It used new materials, particularly concrete, and newer technologies such as the arch and the dome to make buildings that were typically strong and well-engineered. Large numbers remain in some form across the empire, sometimes complete and still in use.
Roman Architecture covers the period from the establishment of the Roman Republic in 509 BC to about the 4th century AD, after which it becomes reclassified as Late Antique or Byzantine architecture. Almost no substantial examples survive from before about 100 BC, and most of the major survivals are from the later empire, after about 100 AD. Roman architectural style continued to influence building in the former empire for many centuries, and the style used in Western Europe beginning about 1000 is called Romanesque architecture to reflect this dependence on basic Roman forms.
The Romans only began to achieve significant originality in architecture around the beginning of the Imperial period, after they had combined aspects of their original Etruscan architecture with others taken from Greece, including most elements of the style we now call classical architecture. They moved from trabeated construction mostly based on columns and lintels to one based on massive walls, punctuated by arches, and later domes, both of which greatly developed under the Romans. The classical orders now became largely decorative rather than structural, except in colonnades. Stylistic developments included the Tuscan and Composite orders; the first being a shortened, simplified variant on the Doric order and the Composite being a tall order with the floral decoration of the Corinthian and the scrolls of the Ionic. The period from roughly 40 BC to about 230 AD saw most of the greatest achievements, before the Crisis of the Third Century and later troubles reduced the wealth and organizing power of the central government.
The Romans produced massive public buildings and works of civil engineering, and were responsible for significant developments in housing and public hygiene, for example their public and private baths and latrines, under-floor heating in the form of the hypocaust, mica glazing (examples in Ostia Antica), and piped hot and cold water (examples in Pompeii and Ostia).
Ancient Rome | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Ancient Rome
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
In historiography, ancient Rome is Roman civilization from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, encompassing the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and Roman Empire until the fall of the western empire. The term is sometimes used to refer only to the kingdom and republic periods, excluding the subsequent empire.The civilization began as an Italic settlement in the Italian peninsula, dating from the 8th century BC, that grew into the city of Rome and which subsequently gave its name to the empire over which it ruled and to the widespread civilisation the empire developed. The Roman empire expanded to become one of the largest empires in the ancient world, though still ruled from the city, with an estimated 50 to 90 million inhabitants (roughly 20% of the world's population) and covering 5.0 million square kilometres at its height in AD 117.In its many centuries of existence, the Roman state evolved from a monarchy to a Classical Republic and then to an increasingly autocratic empire. Through conquest and assimilation, it eventually dominated the Mediterranean region, Western Europe, Asia Minor, North Africa, and parts of Northern and Eastern Europe. It is often grouped into classical antiquity together with ancient Greece, and their similar cultures and societies are known as the Greco-Roman world.
Ancient Roman civilisation has contributed to modern government, law, politics, engineering, art, literature, architecture, technology, warfare, religion, language, and society. Rome professionalised and expanded its military and created a system of government called res publica, the inspiration for modern republics such as the United States and France. It achieved impressive technological and architectural feats, such as the construction of an extensive system of aqueducts and roads, as well as the construction of large monuments, palaces, and public facilities.
By the end of the Republic (27 BC), Rome had conquered the lands around the Mediterranean and beyond: its domain extended from the Atlantic to Arabia and from the mouth of the Rhine to North Africa. The Roman Empire emerged with the end of the Republic and the dictatorship of Augustus Caesar. 721 years of Roman-Persian Wars started in 92 BC with their first war against Parthia. It would become the longest conflict in human history, and have major lasting effects and consequences for both empires. Under Trajan, the Empire reached its territorial peak. Republican mores and traditions started to decline during the imperial period, with civil wars becoming a prelude common to the rise of a new emperor. Splinter states, such as the Palmyrene Empire, would temporarily divide the Empire during the crisis of the 3rd century.
Plagued by internal instability and attacked by various migrating peoples, the western part of the empire broke up into independent barbarian kingdoms in the 5th century. This splintering is a landmark historians use to divide the ancient period of universal history from the pre-medieval Dark Ages of Europe. The eastern part of the empire endured through the 5th century and remained a power throughout the Dark Ages and medieval times until its fall in 1453 AD. Although the citizens of the empire made no distinction, the empire is most commonly referred to as the Byzantine Empire by modern historians during the Middle Ages to differentiate between the state of antiquity and the nation it grew into.
Roman times | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Roman times
00:03:25 1 Founding myth
00:06:05 2 Kingdom
00:07:17 3 Republic
00:09:58 3.1 Punic Wars
00:14:37 4 Late Republic
00:16:28 4.1 Marius and Sulla
00:19:48 4.2 Caesar and the First Triumvirate
00:23:06 4.3 Octavian and the Second Triumvirate
00:26:07 5 Empire – the Principate
00:26:52 5.1 Julio-Claudian dynasty
00:27:44 5.1.1 Augustus
00:30:12 5.1.2 From Tiberius to Nero
00:32:56 5.2 Flavian dynasty
00:33:31 5.2.1 Vespasian
00:34:44 5.2.2 Titus and Domitian
00:36:09 5.3 Nerva–Antonine dynasty
00:37:11 5.3.1 Trajan
00:40:03 5.3.2 From Hadrian to Commodus
00:43:00 5.4 Severan dynasty
00:44:24 5.4.1 Septimius Severus
00:46:04 5.4.2 From Caracalla to Alexander Severus
00:49:01 5.5 Crisis of the Third Century
00:51:08 6 Empire – the Dominate
00:51:18 6.1 Diocletian
00:53:04 6.2 Constantine and Christianity
00:54:46 7 Fall of the Western Roman Empire
00:59:52 8 Society
01:00:50 8.1 Class structure
01:04:04 8.2 Family
01:06:51 8.3 Education
01:08:37 8.4 Government
01:12:07 8.5 Law
01:13:35 8.6 Economy
01:16:48 8.7 Military
01:26:56 9 Culture
01:28:11 9.1 Language
01:29:27 9.2 Religion
01:31:36 9.3 Art, music and literature
01:34:38 9.4 Cuisine
01:35:19 9.5 Games and recreation
01:38:15 9.6 Ethics and morality
01:40:01 10 Technology
01:44:25 11 Legacy
01:44:59 12 Historiography
01:45:29 12.1 In Roman times
01:46:58 12.2 In modern times
01:49:27 13 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
In historiography, ancient Rome is Roman civilization from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, encompassing the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and Roman Empire until the fall of the western empire.
The civilization began as an Italic settlement in the Italian peninsula, dating from the 8th century BC, that grew into the city of Rome and which subsequently gave its name to the empire over which it ruled and to the widespread civilisation the empire developed. The Roman empire expanded to become one of the largest empires in the ancient world, though still ruled from the city, with an estimated 50 to 90 million inhabitants (roughly 20% of the world's population) and covering 5.0 million square kilometres at its height in AD 117.In its many centuries of existence, the Roman state evolved from a monarchy to a Classical Republic and then to an increasingly autocratic empire. Through conquest and assimilation, it eventually dominated the Mediterranean region, Western Europe, Asia Minor, North Africa, and parts of Northern and Eastern Europe. It is often grouped into classical antiquity together with ancient Greece, and their similar cultures and societies are known as the Greco-Roman world.
Ancient Roman civilisation has contributed to modern government, law, politics, engineering, art, literature, architecture, technology, warfare, religion, language, and society. Rome professionalised and expanded its military and created a system of government called res publica, the inspiration for modern republics such as the United States and France. It achieved impressive technological and architectural feats, such as the construction of an extensive system of aqueducts and roads, as well as the construction of large monuments, palaces, and public facilities.
By the end of the Republic (27 BC), Rome had conquered the lands around the Mediterranean and beyond: its domain extended from the Atlantic to Arabia and from the mouth of the Rhine to North Africa. The Roman Empire emerged with the end of the Republic and the dictatorship of Augustus Caesar. 721 years of Roman-Persian Wars started in 92 BC with their first war against Parthia. It would become the longest conflict in human history, and have major lasting effects and consequences for both empires. Under Trajan, the Empire reached its territorial peak. Republican mores and traditions started to decline during the imperial period, with civil wars becoming a prelude common to the rise of a new e ...
Roman Empire | Wikipedia audio article
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Roman Empire
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SUMMARY
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The Roman Empire (Latin: Imperium Rōmānum, Classical Latin: [ɪmˈpɛ.ri.ũː roːˈmaː.nũː]; Koine and Medieval Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, tr. Basileia tōn Rhōmaiōn) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization. It had a government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia. The city of Rome served as its capital until the seat of the imperial government was shifted to Constantinople by Constantine the Great in the 4th century AD.
The previous Republic, which had replaced Rome's monarchy in the 6th century BC, became severely destabilized in a series of civil wars and political conflict. In the mid-1st century BC Julius Caesar was appointed as perpetual dictator and then assassinated in 44 BC. Civil wars and executions continued, culminating in the victory of Octavian, Caesar's adopted son, over Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt. Octavian's power was then unassailable and in 27 BC the Roman Senate formally granted him overarching power and the new title Augustus, effectively making him the first emperor.
The first two centuries of the Empire were a period of unprecedented stability and prosperity known as the Pax Romana (Roman Peace). It reached its greatest territorial expanse during the reign of Trajan (98–117 AD). A period of increasing trouble and decline began with the reign of Commodus. In the 3rd century, the Empire underwent a crisis that threatened its existence, but was reunified and stabilized under the emperors Aurelian and Diocletian. Christians rose to power in the 4th century, during which time a system of dual rule was developed in the Greek East and Latin West. Simultaneously, the Migration Period involving large invasions by Germanic peoples and the Huns of Attila led to the decline of the Western Roman Empire. With the deposition of Romulus Augustulus in 476 AD, the Western Roman Empire was formally abolished by Odoacer, King of Italy. The Eastern Roman Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire, continued until 1453 with the Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire.
Due to the Roman Empire's vast extent and long endurance, the institutions and culture of Rome had a profound and lasting influence on the development of language, religion, architecture, philosophy, law, and forms of government in the territory it governed, particularly Europe. The Latin language of the Romans evolved into the Romance languages of the medieval and modern world. Its adoption of Christianity led to the formation of Christendom during the Middle Ages. Classical and Roman art had a profound impact on the late medieval Italian Renaissance, while Rome's republican institutions influenced the political development of later republics such as the United States. Rome's architectural tradition served as the basis for Neoclassical architecture.
Roman Empire | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Roman Empire
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
The Roman Empire (Latin: Imperium Rōmānum, Classical Latin: [ɪmˈpɛ.ri.ũː roːˈmaː.nũː]; Koine and Medieval Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, tr. Basileia tōn Rhōmaiōn) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization. It had a government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia. The city of Rome served as its capital until the seat of the imperial government was shifted to Constantinople by Constantine the Great in the 4th century AD.
The previous Republic, which had replaced Rome's monarchy in the 6th century BC, became severely destabilized in a series of civil wars and political conflict. In the mid-1st century BC Julius Caesar was appointed as perpetual dictator and then assassinated in 44 BC. Civil wars and executions continued, culminating in the victory of Octavian, Caesar's adopted son, over Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt. Octavian's power was then unassailable and in 27 BC the Roman Senate formally granted him overarching power and the new title Augustus, effectively making him the first emperor.
The first two centuries of the Empire were a period of unprecedented stability and prosperity known as the Pax Romana (Roman Peace). It reached its greatest territorial expanse during the reign of Trajan (98–117 AD). A period of increasing trouble and decline began with the reign of Commodus. In the 3rd century, the Empire underwent a crisis that threatened its existence, but was reunified and stabilized under the emperors Aurelian and Diocletian. Christians rose to power in the 4th century, during which time a system of dual rule was developed in the Greek East and Latin West. Simultaneously, the Migration Period involving large invasions by Germanic peoples and the Huns of Attila led to the decline of the Western Roman Empire. With the deposition of Romulus Augustulus in 476 AD, the Western Roman Empire was formally abolished by Odoacer, King of Italy. The Eastern Roman Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire, continued until 1453 with the Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire.
Due to the Roman Empire's vast extent and long endurance, the institutions and culture of Rome had a profound and lasting influence on the development of language, religion, architecture, philosophy, law, and forms of government in the territory it governed, particularly Europe. The Latin language of the Romans evolved into the Romance languages of the medieval and modern world. Its adoption of Christianity led to the formation of Christendom during the Middle Ages. Classical and Roman art had a profound impact on the late medieval Italian Renaissance, while Rome's republican institutions influenced the political development of later republics such as the United States. Rome's architectural tradition served as the basis for Neoclassical architecture.