University of Coimbra (St. Michael's Chapel)
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University of Coimbra (St. Michael's Chapel) · Martha Bennet & Isabel Silveiro
On The Spot Audio Guides / Coimbra, Portugal
℗ 2012 On The Spot Audio Guides
Released on: 2012-05-09
Auto-generated by YouTube.
???? Comemoração dos 725 anos da Universidade de Coimbra - Portugal
(Legendas disponíveis)Compacto do vídeo mapping que se realizou-se no Pátio das Escolas da Universidade de Coimbra (UC), projectado na fachada da Biblioteca Joanina, da Capela de São Miguel e da Torre da Universidade.
Uma História de Luz foi uma proposta para viajar pelo tempo, cujo motor de aventura é o conhecimento, dois estudantes universitários exploram a herança cultural, histórica e arquitetónica da mas antiga Universidade portuguesa, cobrindo de luz e magia o Pátio. Realizado em 3 de julho 2015.
???? Uma História de Luz - Universidade de Coimbra
(Legendas disponíveis) (Legendas disponíveis) Vídeo mapping que se realizou-se no Pátio das Escolas da Universidade de Coimbra (UC), projectado na fachada da Biblioteca Joanina, da Capela de São Miguel e da Torre da Universidade.
Uma História de Luz foi uma proposta para viajar pelo tempo, cujo motor de aventura é o conhecimento, dois estudantes universitários exploram a herança cultural, histórica e arquitetónica da mais antiga Universidade portuguesa, cobrindo de luz e magia o Pátio das Escolas . Realizado pelo O CUBO em 3 de julho 2015, nas comemorações dos 725 anos da Universidade e reapresentado em 21-07-2018.
#MaisPortugal #Portugal #Coimbra
Portugal: University of Coimbra, May 13 - 15, 2018
Video includes the Grand Hall and St. Michael's Chapel, as well as exteriors of the old University campus.
Panteão Nacional / National Pantheon - Igreja de Santa Cruz (Coimbra) -☺#15.72# ☺
O Mosteiro de Santa Cruz, localizado no centro histórico de Coimbra foi fundado pela Ordem dos Cónegos Regrantes de Santo Agostinho. A Igreja de Santa Cruz, parte do complexo, é um dos melhores exemplos de arquitetura românica do século XII em Portugal, e foi construída entre 1132 e 1223. Nada resta do mosteiro românico. Na primeira metade do século XVI, o Mosteiro foi completamente renovado por ordem de D. Manuel. No século XVIII instalou-se ali um novo órgão (0:40), em estilo barroco, e as paredes da nave receberam um grupo de azulejos brancos-azuis lisboetas que narram passagens bíblicas. Na Idade Média, a sua escola foi uma das melhores instituições de ensino de Portugal, notabilizando-se pela sua vasta biblioteca. Nesta época, o mais famoso estudante de Santa Cruz era Fernando de Bulhões, o futuro Santo António de Lisboa (ou Santo António de Pádua). Em 1220, o religioso assistiu em Santa Cruz à chegada dos restos mortais de cinco frades franciscanos martirizados em Marrocos (os Mártires de Marrocos 1:17). Parece ter sido este facto que o levou a ingressar na Ordem de S. Francisco de Assis. Na capela-mor da igreja encontram-se os túmulos dos dois primeiros reis de Portugal: D. Afonso Henriques (1:50) (ca 1109 - 1185) e seu filho D. Sancho I (2:44) (1154 -1211). Os túmulos originais encontravam-se no nártex da igreja, junto à torre central da fachada românica, mas D. Manuel I não achou condignas as antigas arcas tumulares e ordenou a realização de novas que foram concluídas por volta de 1520. O estatuto de Panteão Nacional foi reconhecido ao Mosteiro de Santa Cruz de Coimbra, em Agosto de 2003. Esse estatuto é repartido com a Igreja de Santa Engrácia, em Lisboa.
The Monastery of Santa Cruz, located in the historical center of Coimbra was founded by the ‘Ordem dos Cónegos Regrantes de Santo Agostinho’. The Church of Santa Cruz, part of the complex, is one of the best examples of twelfth century Romanesque architecture in Portugal, and was erected between 1132 and 1223. Nothing remains of the early Romanesque monastery. In the first half of the sixteenth century, the Monastery was completely renovated by King Manuel's order. In the eighteenth century it was installed a new organ (0:40) in baroque style, and the walls of the nave received a group of Lisbon white-blue tiles that narrate biblical passages. In Middle Ages, its school was one of the best educational institutions of Portugal notable for its vast library. At that time the most famous student of Santa Cruz was Fernando de Bulhões, the future Saint Anthony of Lisbon (or St. Anthony of Padua). In 1220, he witnessed in Santa Cruz, the arrival of the remains of five Franciscan friars martyred in Morocco (the Martyrs of Morocco 1:17). It seems to have been this fact that led him to join the Order of St. Francis of Assisi. In the main chapel of the church are the tombs of the first two kings of Portugal: Afonso Henriques (1:50) (ca 1109-1185) and his son Sancho I (2:44) (1154 -1211). The original tombs were in the narthex of the church, next to the central tower of the Romanesque facade, but the King Manuel I did not find them dignified and ordered the holding of new ones that were completed around 1520. The status of National Pantheon was recognized to the Monastery of Santa Cruz in Coimbra, in August 2003. This status is shared with the Church of Santa Engrácia, in Lisbon.
Conimbriga & Coimbra, Portugal
Conimbriga is filled with ruins of different houses, public baths and shopping arcades, most with wonderful mosaics still intact.
and
We browse through Coimbra with its lively old town and the historic university.
Soundtrack is Lord of the Land and Master of the Feast Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0
“Festa das Latas” or “Latada”
The “Festa das Latas” or “Latada” which celebrates admission to the university and the start of the academic year is the first festivity of the newly arrived students. It takes place every year in October and gained its name from the use of metal objects to produce a noise (“lata” = tin). This festivity is preceded by several sport and cultural activities, such as music bands’ contests and university competitions, which aim to stimulate the party spirit of the new students and make them closer to the Students’ Union. During seven nights, several music shows take place at “Praça da Canção”, where university and non-university students from different Portuguese regions join together to watch the performances that enliven the party nights. New students does parade on this month too.
The “Queima das Fitas” festivity celebrates the end of the academic year and the graduation of students that finish their studies in that year. It takes place every year in May and starts with a special ritual in which students burn ribbons (= “fitas”) of eight colours, corresponding to the eight faculties. These ribbons represent the ribbons that once were used to tie books together. This festivity lasts one week and includes a parade, ceremonies, such as the “benção das pastas” at the Saint Michael Chapel (mass in which the traditional black leather folders of the graduate students are blessed), several shows at “Praça da Canção” down in the city Green Park, the Graduation Ball, among other events.
The Serenades are also considered part of the student tradition, together with the Coimbra Song, a unique musical genre mainly performed by students and former students of the University of Coimbra.
Roger Pogson Memorial
Concert in memorial of the late Roger Herbert Pogson (Peter).
Simon Rickard - Master of Ceremonies
Performances by:
Peter Guy
James Goldrick
Peter Kneeshaw
Keith Asboe
Jill Carter
Thomas Wilson
The Pogson Players
Directed by James Goldrick
Concertmaster - Myee Clohessy
Soloist - Peter Guy
Recorded and edited lovingly by Heather Rickard
Património da UNESCO - Desafios / UNESCO Heritage - Challenges
DESAFIOS - No dia 10 de julho realizou-se em Coimbra o Seminário Património da UNESCO: desafios para a hotelaria de Coimbra, numa organização da Escola de Hotelaria e Turismo de Coimbra, da Escola Superior de Educação de Coimbra e da Universidade de Coimbra. Os trabalhos decorreram na parte da manhã, na Faculdade de Direito (0:05). No fim dos trabalhos decorreu um piquenique no Jardim Botânico (0:49), findo o qual os participantes visitaram parte da Universidade, Património Mundial da Humanidade, nomeadamente a Sala dos Capelos, a Sala do Exame Privado, a Capela de S. Miguel, a Biblioteca Joanina, a Prisão Académica. Porque em todos estes locais não é permitido fotografar, eu aproveitei para registar, mais uma vez, a vista da cidade, que se tem da varanda panorâmica que fica perto da Sala do Exame Privado. São estas as vistas que aparecem no vídeo (1:57). A visita continuou com a descida da Alta para a Baixa da cidade e terminou no Café Santa Cruz onde foi servido um espumante d'honra (2:39).
CHALLENGES - On July 10th took place in Coimbra the Seminar UNESCO Heritage: challenges for the hotel trade of Coimbra, organized by the School of Hotel and Tourism of Coimbra, the Higher School of Education of Coimbra and the University of Coimbra. The works took place in the morning, in the Faculty of Law (0:05). At the end of the works, took place a picnic in the Botanical Garden (0:49), after which the participants visited part of the University, World Heritage Site, including the Hall of Capelos, the Private Examination Room, the Chapel of St. Michael, the Joanine Library, the Academic Prison. Because in all these places is not allowed to take photos, I decided to record once again the view of the city, from the panoramic balcony which is close to the Private Examination Room. These are the views that I put in the video (1:57). The visit went on with the descent from the Upper to the Low City and ended up at Café Santa Cruz where it was served a sparkling d'honor (2:39).
Portugal in 150 Seconds: Cities & Villages - Nazaré
Portugal in 150 Seconds: Cities & Villages - Nazaré
Official Partners: TAP Portugal, Rede Expressos
This episode´s official sponsors: Bleach Design, Câmara Municipal da Nazaré, CS Moldes, Digitalpack, Plasglass, Plastimago, Promoplás.
“Portugal in 150 Seconds - Cities & Villages” is a series by LUA Filmes dedicated to the promotion of tourism in Portuguese cities, villages, and places.
With the concept “seeing through the eyes of those who know best”, “Portugal in 150 Seconds - Cities & Villages” has the particularity of offering residents' and visitors' unique perspectives of the selected locations.
The selection of the ten sites shot is made by the public. Therefore the locations featured in each episode are the top ten chosen by the users who know the cities, villages and places and who follow the web-series' digital channels. This selection is made through a survey posted on “Portugal in 150 Seconds” facebook page weeks before the shooting.
We are Portugal...
Chosen by the users:
1. Sítio of Nazaré
2. Nazaré Beach
3. Nazaré Funicular
4. Praia do Norte
5. Nazaré Harbour
6. Coastal Avenue
7. St. Michael Archangel Fort
8. Sítio Belvedere
9. Pederneira
10. Memory Chapel
Original Music by: André Barros
andrebarrosmusic.com
portugalin150seconds.com
facebook.com/PortugalIn150Seconds
Created and Produced by: LUA Filmes
luafilmes.pt / facebook.com/luafilmes
St. Joseph Old Cathedral, OKC
Founded in 1889, this is the first church of any denomination built in Oklahoma City. It is across the street from the Oklahoma City bombing memorial. The church was heavily damaged following the terrorist attack but was subsequently restored.
English Countryside Churches
A selection of the churches that adorn our beautiful countryside.
Macao Protestant Cemetery---The Old Protestant Cemetery
The Old Protestant Cemetery was established in the eighteenth century by the East India Company, which was a trading company between England and Asia. The Cemetery is located near the Casa Garden because thats where the headquarters of the East India Company were.
St. Saviour's Church
Music: Flux Pavilion - I Cant Stop
Fatima, Our Lady of the Rosary
At Fatima, the Divine has revealed Himself through the maternal face of Mary, who has conveyed a message from God to humanity of the 20th century, a message that in itself is a prophetic word.It is May 13, 1917, and the principle protagonists are three children: Lucia de Jesus - who then enter religious life at the Carmel of St. Theresa in Coimbra - and Francesco and Jacinta Marto. Three young shepherds are grazing their flock in Cova da Iria, now part of the Diocese of Leiria-Fatima. Around noon, the three children see a great light, and thinking it is a flash of lightening, decide to go .. but soon after another light comes and illuminates the area around them. Here, where there is only a small oak (where later the little chapel of the apparitions will stand) appears a Lady brighter than the sun, holding in her hands a white rosary.The Lady told the three shepherd children that they must pray much and asks them to return to the Cova da Iria for six consecutive months, at the same time on the13th of each month. These apparitions were preceded by those of the Angel of peace, as Sister Lucia said, to prepare the children to penetrate the divine mystery and to understand that God would entrust a message to them. At Her last appearance, October 13, nearly 70,000 people are on the scene, and the Lady reveals her name: Our Lady of the Rosary. The Virgin requested that, on the very place where She appeared, a chapel be built in her honor. After the appearance, all present witness the miracle promised earlier to the three children: the sun, like a silver disc that could be observed without any difficulty, begins to turn on itself like a ball of fire and seems to rush to the ground. This message takes on various aspects, which Sister Lucia has summarized in what is known as the 'secret of Fatima'. As Bishop Marto explains, the message of Fatima reveals three distinct things: the vision of hell as a warning to shake the conscience of humanity, devotion to the sacred heart of Mary, and a reference to suffering, persecution and martyrdom in the Church. This message is a message of hope and perseverance amid the difficulties of the world. According to official document of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Sister Lucia was aware that the purpose of all these apparitions was to grow in faith, hope and charity and that all the rest was not what mattered. On October 3, 1930, the Bishop of Leiria, agreed that the appearances were authentic and authorized devotion to Our Lady of Fatima. However, the early construction of the small Chapel of the Apparitions dates back to April 28, 1919. The shrine now attracts also followers of other religions. In the Islamic world, for example, Fatima is the daughter of the Prophet Muhammad. He said to her: You are the noblest woman of Paradise, after Mary. According to some interpretations Mary chose to be known as Our Lady of Fatima to give hope to the Muslim people who, over the centuries, had occupied parts of Portugal. May 13, 1981 is also linked to the assassination attempt against John Paul II in Rome by Mehmet Ali Ağca. Later, the Pope had the bullet that struck him placed in the crown of the statue of the Virgin as a gesture of thanksgiving for having saved his life. The beatification of the two seers of Fatima, Francesco and Jacinta Marto, took place in Fatima on May 13, 2000. Pope Benedict XVI has given his approval to anticipate the opening of the canonical process for the beatification of Lucia de Jesus, who took the name Sister Maria Lucia of the Immaculate Heart.Oh Virgin Mary, Mother of God and our Mother, Queen of the Rosary, gentle Virgin of Fatima, I consecrate myself to your Immaculate Heart to be fully offered and consecrated to the Lord.Please take me under your maternal protection; defend me against dangers, help me to overcome temptations and avoid sins and- I beg you-- watch over the purity of my body and my soul. May your Immaculate Heart be my refuge and the path that leads me to God.Grant me the grace to pray and to sacrifice myself for love of Jesus, for the conversion of sinners and in reparation for the sins committed against your Immaculate Heart.Entrusting myself to you, and united to the Heart of your Divine Son, I want to live for the Holy Trinity, whom I believe, adore, hope and love. Amen.
Benedict leads prayers at mass, comment on abortion, reax
(13 May 2010) SHOTLIST
1. Mid of Mass outside Basilica of Our Lady of the Rosary
2. Close up of Pope Benedict XVI praying
3. Mid of priest giving communion to young girl
4. Wide pilgrims
5. Pan of nuns in audience
6. UPSOUND: (English) Pope Benedict XVI: I welcome the English speaking pilgrims present today...
7. Cutaway of Spanish flags, Pope speaking Spanish UPSOUND cheering
8. Pan of pilgrims cheering and applauding
9. Pope walking in and kneeling down to pray at the tombs of the shepherd children
10. Pan from statue of shepherd girl to Pope praying
11. Pan across tombs
12. Tilt down of pope praying
13. Wide of congregation applauding as Pope enters Church of the Holy Trinity
14. Pope greeting pilgrims inside church
15. Wide of Pope at altar
16. Mid shot of audience listening
17. SOUNDBITE (Portuguese): Pope Benedict XVI (++Soundbite begins on previous shot++):
Initiatives aimed at protecting the essential and primary values of life, beginning at conception, and of the family based on the indissoluble marriage between a man and a woman... (pull out of audience applauding) help to respond to some of today's most insidious and dangerous threats to the common good.
18. Wide of audience applauding
19. Wide of Pope giving speech to Portuguese Bishops in House of Carmen
20. SOUNDBITE (Portuguese): Pope Benedict XVI
I confess before you the pleasant surprise I had after my contact with the new ecclesiastical movements and communities. Watching them I had the joy and praise to see how in a moment of fatigue for the Church and in a moment of talk of a winter in the Church, the Holy Spirit has created a new spring, awaking in young people and in adults the joy to be Christians.
21. Pope greeting Bishops
22. Street scene in downtown Fatima
23. People walking past Pope's poster
24. SOUNDBITE (Portuguese) Vox pop, Maria de Conceicao Gregorio, Pilgrim:
I think he's coming here to make Our Lady help us all from the North to the South of the country, but financially I don't know because expenses are very high.
25. Tourist paying at counter
26. Close of money and wallet
27. Tilt down from souvenirs in shop window to flag with Vatican colours and picture of Pope
STORYLINE
Pope Benedict XVI on Thursday called abortion and same-sex marriage some of the most insidious and dangerous threats facing the world today, asserting key church teachings as he tried to move beyond the clerical abuse scandal.
Benedict made the comments to Catholic social workers, health providers and others after celebrating Mass before an estimated 400-thousand people in Fatima.
The central Portuguese farming town is one of the most important shrines in Christianity, where three shepherd children reported having visions of the Virgin Mary in 1917.
Benedict's visit to Fatima on the anniversary of the apparitions was the spiritual centrepiece of his four-day visit to Portugal, which ends on Friday.
It was cast by Vatican officials as evidence that he had turned a page in weathering the abuse scandal, which has dogged him for months.
Benedict admitted to the sins within the church on the first day of the trip.
By Thursday, however, he had moved on to stressing core church teachings in the largely Roman Catholic country, where abortion on demand has been available since 2007 and where Parliament in January passed a bill allowing same-sex marriage.
In addition, a judge in 2008 made it easier to obtain divorce even when one spouse objects.
Benedict told the gathering of lay Catholics that he appreciated their efforts fighting abortion and promoting the family based on the indissoluble marriage between a man and woman - the Vatican's way of expressing its opposition to divorce and same-sex unions.
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Sintra - Palacio da Pena - Pena Palace - PORTUGAL - ( Moda do Entrudo - Helder Pereira ) - HD / HQ
Sintra - Palacio da Pena - Pena Palace - PORTUGAL
O Palácio Nacional da Pena, popularmente referido apenas por Palácio da Pena ou Castelo da Pena, localiza-se na vila de Sintra, freguesia de São Pedro de Penaferrim, concelho de Sintra, no distrito de Lisboa, em Portugal. Representa uma das melhores expressões do Romantismo arquitectónico do século XIX no mundo, constituindo-se no primeiro palácio nesse estilo na Europa, erguido cerca de 30 anos antes do carismático Castelo de Neuschwanstein, na Baviera. Em 7 de Julho de 2007 foi eleito como uma das Sete maravilhas de Portugal.
Palácio Nacional da Pena
Constitui o mais completo e notável exemplar de arquitectura portuguesa do Romantismo. Edificado a cerca de 500 metros de altitude, remonta a 1839, quando o rei consorte D. Fernando II de Saxe Coburgo-Gotha (1816-1885), adquiriu as ruínas do Mosteiro Jerónimo de Nossa Senhora da Pena e iniciou a sua adaptação a palacete. Para dirigir as obras, chamou o Barão de Eschwege, que se inspirou nos palácios da Baviera para construir este notável edifício. Extremamente fantasiosa, a arquitectura da Pena utiliza os motivos mouriscos, góticos e manuelinos, mas também o espírito Wagneriano dos castelos Schinkel do centro da Europa. Situado a 4,5 Km do centro histórico.
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The Pena National Palace (Portuguese: Palácio Nacional da Pena) is a Romanticist palace in São Pedro de Penaferrim, municipality of Sintra, Portugal. The palace stands on the top of a hill above the town of Sintra, and on a clear day it can be easily seen from Lisbon and much of its metropolitan area. It is a national monument and constitutes one of the major expressions of 19th century Romanticism in the world. The palace is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the Seven Wonders of Portugal. It is also used for state occasions by the President of the Portuguese Republic and other government officials.
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Le Palais national de Pena (portugais: Palácio Nacional da Pena) est un palais romantique à São Pedro de Penaferrim, de la municipalité de Sintra, au Portugal. Le palais se dresse sur le sommet d'une colline surplombant la ville de Sintra, et sur un temps clair, il peut être facilement vu de Lisbonne et une grande partie de sa zone métropolitaine. C'est un monument national et constitue l'une des expressions majeures du romantisme du 19ème siècle dans le monde. Le palais est un site classé au patrimoine mondial de L'UNESCO et l'une des Sept Merveilles du Portugal. Il est également utilisé pour certaines occasions D'etat par le Président de la République portugaise et d'autres responsables gouvernementaux.
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El Palacio Nacional de Pena (Portugués: Palacio Nacional da Pena) es un palacio romántico en San Pedro de Penaferrim, municipio de Sintra, Portugal. El palacio se encuentra en una colina que domina la ciudad de Sintra, y en un día claro, puede ser visto fácilmente desde Lisboa y gran parte de su área metropolitana. Se trata de un monumento nacional y es una de las principales expresiones del romanticismo del siglo 19 en el mundo. El palacio es un Patrimonio de la Humanidad y una de las Siete Maravillas de Portugal. También se utiliza en algunas ocasiones el estado por el Presidente de la República Portuguesa y otros funcionarios del gobierno.
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Die Pena National Palace, im Volksmund nur durch den Pena-Palast und Castelo da Pena, in der Stadt Sintra, der Pfarrei St. Peter von Penaferrim, Sintra Gemeinde im Bezirk von Lissabon, Portugal genannt. Stellt eine der besten architektonischen Ausdrucksformen der Romantik des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts in der Welt und wurde der erste Palast in diesem Stil in Europa, ca. 30 Jahre vor dem charismatischen Schloss Neuschwanstein in Bayern. Am 7. Juli wurde 2007 als eines der sieben Wunder von Portugal gewählt.
(Canta Helder Pereira - Moda do Entrudo)- Album Cantigas da Terra . -
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Society of Jesus (Jesuits) | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Society of Jesus (Jesuits)
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SUMMARY
=======
The Society of Jesus (SJ; Latin: Societas Iesu) is a scholarly religious congregation of the Catholic Church which originated in sixteenth-century Spain. The members are called Jesuits (Latin: Iesuitae). The society is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 nations on six continents. Jesuits work in education (founding schools, colleges, universities, and seminaries), intellectual research, and cultural pursuits. Jesuits also give retreats, minister in hospitals and parishes, sponsor direct social ministries, and promote ecumenical dialogue.
Ignatius of Loyola, a Basque nobleman from the Pyrenees area of northern Spain, founded the society after discerning his spiritual vocation while recovering from a wound sustained in the Battle of Pamplona. He composed the Spiritual Exercises to help others follow the teachings of Jesus Christ. In 1534, Ignatius and six other young men, including Francis Xavier and Peter Faber, gathered and professed vows of poverty, chastity, and later obedience, including a special vow of obedience to the Pope in matters of mission direction and assignment. Ignatius's plan of the order's organization was approved by Pope Paul III in 1540 by a bull containing the Formula of the Institute.
Ignatius was a nobleman who had a military background, and the members of the society were supposed to accept orders anywhere in the world, where they might be required to live in extreme conditions. Accordingly, the opening lines of the founding document declared that the society was founded for whoever desires to serve as a soldier of God to strive especially for the defence and propagation of the faith and for the progress of souls in Christian life and doctrine. Jesuits are thus sometimes referred to colloquially as God's soldiers, God's marines, or the Company, which evolved from references to Ignatius' history as a soldier and the society's commitment to accepting orders anywhere and to endure any conditions. The society participated in the Counter-Reformation and, later, in the implementation of the Second Vatican Council.
The Society of Jesus is consecrated under the patronage of Madonna Della Strada, a title of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and it is led by a Superior General. The headquarters of the society, its General Curia, is in Rome. The historic curia of Ignatius is now part of the Collegio del Gesù attached to the Church of the Gesù, the Jesuit mother church.
In 2013, Jorge Mario Bergoglio became the first Jesuit to be elected Pope, taking the name Pope Francis.
Fr Jonathan Robinson's 50th Anniversary Mass 04
Solemn High Mass in the Extra-Ordinary form of the Roman Rite, for the 50th anniversary of priestly ordination of Fr Jonathan Robinson, provost of the Toronto Oratory.
Credo: Mozart, Missa Brevis in D, K.194
Music in the Civilization video game series
The music in the Civilization video game series has been composed by various composers.
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