The Hunchback Of Vladimirskaya
Back To Old Petersburg Boat Cruise. St Petersburg, Russia
Saint Petersburg, Russia is known as the city of embankments, bridges and rivers. Back to Old Petersburg boat cruise proves it.
It is nowadays the most full tour through the historical St Petersburg. It goes through Neva river, Fontanka river, Krukov canal, Griboedov canal and Moyka River.
During the trip you will see such a sightseeings like the Admiralty, Winter Palace (Hermitage), Palace Embankment, Palace Bridge, The Spit of Vasilievsky Island, Kunstkamera (The Museum of Curiosity), Peter and Paul Fortress, Peter and Paul Cathedral, Marble Palace, Troitsky Bridge, Summer Garden, Summer Palace, Pantelemon Bridge, Mikhailovsky Castle, Sheremetev Palace, Faberge Museum, Catherine's Institute of Noble Maiden, Anichkov Bridge, Anichkov Palace, Revenue Houses, Trinity Cathedral, St Nicholas Naval Cathedral, Church of The Savior on Spilled Blood and more.
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St. Nicholas Russian Youth Dancers
26 Years of Photos of the St. Nicholas Russian Youth Dancers (Mogadore, Ohio) russianfolkdance@aol.com
Колокольня Астраханского Кремля
Съёмка на Колокольне Перечистенских ворот Астраханского Кремля в ноябре 2010 года.
Worshippers mark Epiphany with dip in frozen lake
(20 Jan 2020) LEAD IN:
Orthodox Christians in Russia have celebrated Epiphany by taking chilly ice baths in a frozen lake.
Believers submerge themselves in freezing water to commemorate the baptism of Jesus Christ.
STORY-LINE:
It's the depths of winter and the pond at Nizhny Novgorod is a frozen expanse.
But preparations are underway for this icy water to host a group of hardy Christian worshippers.
Every year, believers take part in an Epiphany ritual where they submerge themselves in the freezing lake.
But first officials must test the water to make sure it is safe.
Samples are taken for microbiological indicators, including pathogenic microflora, and also for chemical indicators that characterize organic and non organic water pollution, says Dimitry Lipschits, Head of the Department for Supervision of Communal Hygiene of Nizhny Novgorod.
People need to understand that in the first place it is necessary to use only official places for swimming, where everything is arranged beforehand and there will also be rescuers and doctors on duty.
Popular folklore says the night of the Epiphany brings the most severe frosts of winter.
But this year, unseasonably warm conditions mean this pond is not as frozen as normal.
So organisers of the ritual are building the fonts where people will enter the water as close to shore as possible.
A diver in full kit enters each of the wooden enclosures to check there are no hidden dangers lurking beneath the surface.
The bottom of the font was examined for sharp objects, sharp corners and also how it is prepared for the divers. Nothing dangerous was found, says Andrey Sikida, part of the emergency rescue team of the Nizhny Novgorod region.
At midnight on the night of the Epiphany, a priest blesses the waters of the pond.
For now, worshippers are wrapped up against the cold.
But once the water has been blessed, those taking part strip off and prepare to take an icy cold dip.
In honour of the Holy Trinity - the Christian doctrine that God is made up of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit - bathers submerge themselves three times in the water.
And the people here insist the experience is not as uncomfortable as it looks.
This is Epiphany and during the Epiphany, the cold is always the same, it makes you warm, says Konstantin Loshchinsky,.
At first you feel the burst of energy, but after you do not feel cold at all. I cannot even fill the blowing of the wind.
For some, this is the first time they have taken part in the ritual after years of longing to be involved.
I decided to go into the water for the first time. I've beengaiming to do it for eight years. I wanted it and at last, decided to try. I have managed it, says Ksenya Nestrova.
In the Orthodox Christian calendar, this religious holiday celebrates the baptism of Jesus Christ in the Jordan River.
Worshippers believe that water on Epiphany night has healing powers and washes away their sins.
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Тролле́бус trolleybus rides Epiphany Cathedral. At the residencethe German lyrics.
The then German life seq. Associated with Peter, stayed in the street names and numerous alleys - Apothecary (on first private pharmacy in Moscow, opened for settlement in 1701 of King James Gregory gu), Brigadirskii, Starokirochny, Messengers, Lefort. It was in the German lyrics. Peter commanded to build respect. Of the Government of the Senate, where he was later transferred to St. Petersburg. By royal order, by the way, jewelers German lyrics. made the first Order of St. Andrew. And of course, that when the times of Peter the Great began to settle here and visiting Russian approached the king, the situation has changed to the opposite - in the alien settlement needed a large Orthodox church. Peter favored the construction of the Cathedral of the Epiphany. Moreover, after the reforms of Peter the brink of German settlement and the rest of Moscow gradually erased, and more and more people settled in the borough. Over time, with the gradual disappearance of the alien cl closed, they became more and more, and the close of the Epiphany Church is no longer accommodate all the worshipers. In 1792-93 years. it built a vast refectory, where they had brought the old chapel of the Annunciation, and consecrated a new one - in the name of Saint. Nicholas. the residence of the king of the German lyrics. The then German life seq. Associated with Peter, stayed in the street names and numerous alleys - Apothecary (on first private pharmacy in Moscow, opened for settlement in 1701 of King James Gregory gu), Brigadirskii, Starokirochny, Messengers, Lefort. It was in the German lyrics. Peter commanded to build respect. Of the Government of the Senate, where he was later transferred to St. Petersburg.by the way, jewelers German lyrics. made the first Order of St. Andrew. And of course, that when the times of Peter the Great began to settle here and visiting Russian approached the king, the situation has changed to the opposite - in the alien settlement needed a large Orthodox church. Peter favored the construction of the Cathedral of the Epiphany. Moreover, after the reforms of Peter the brink of German settlement and the rest of Moscow gradually erased, and more and more Russian Orthodox people settled in the borough. Over time, with the gradual disappearance of the alien cl closed, they became more and more, and the close of the Epiphany Church is no longer accommodate all the worshipers. In 1792-93 years. it built a vast refectory, where they had brought the old chapel of the Annunciation, and consecrated a new one - Verbunden mit Peter, blieb in den Straßennamen und zahlreichen. Durch königlichen Befehl, durch die Art und Weise, Juweliere deutschen Texten. machte den ersten Order of St. Andrew. Und natürlich, dass, wenn die Zeiten von Peter dem Großen, hier und besuchen russischen niederzulassen begannen näherte sich dem König, hat sich die Situation auf der gegenüberliegenden verändert - in der fremden Siedlung brauchte eine große orthodoxe Kirche. Peter favorisiert den Bau der Kathedrale der Erscheinung des Herrn. Darüber hinaus wurde nach den Reformen Peters des Rande der deutschen Siedlung und der Rest von Moskau nach gelöscht, und mehr und mehr russisch-orthodoxen Menschen in der Gemeinde angesiedelt. Im Laufe der Zeit, mit dem allmählichen Verschwinden des Fremden cl geschlossen, wurden sie mehr und mehr, und das Ende des Epiphany Kirche ist nicht mehr Platz für alle, die Anbeter. Im Jahre 1792 bis 93. es baute eine große Refektorium, wo sie die alte Kapelle der Verkündigung gebracht hatte, und weihte eine neue - im Namen des Heiligen. Nicholas. die Residenz des Königs der deutschen Texten. Der damalige deutsche Leben seq. Verbunden mit Peter, blieb in den Str-nnamen und zahlreichen Gassen - Apotheker (auf erste private Apotheke in Moskau eröffnete für die Abrechnung in 1701 von König James Gregory gu), Brigadirskii, Starokirochny, Messengers, Lefort. Peter befohlen Respekt aufzubauen. Der Regierung des Senats, wo er später nach St. Petersburg übertragen. Durch königlichen Befehl, durch die Art und Weise, Juweliere deutschen Texten. machte den ersten Order of St. Andrew. Und natürlich, dass, wenn die Zeiten von Peter dem Großen, hier und besuchen russischen niederzulassen begannen näherte sich dem König, hat sich die Situation auf der gegenüberliegenden verändert - in der fremden Siedlung brauchte eine große orthodoxe Kirche. Peter favorisiert den Bau der Kathedrale der Erscheinung des Herrn. Darüber hinaus wurde nach den Reformen Peters des Rande der deutschen Siedlung und der Rest von Moskau nach gelöscht, und mehr und mehr russisch-orthodoxen Menschen in der Gemeinde angesiedelt. To było w niemieckich tekstach. Peter kazał zbudować szacunek. . Alman sözleri kralın ikamet At. Daha sonra Alman hayat seq. (Moskova'da ilk özel eczane, Kral James Gregory gu 1701 yılında yerleşime açılması).
Вторую жизнь обретет храм Святителя Николая Угодника.
Вторую жизнь обретет храм Николая Чудотворца в станице Голубинской, построенный еще в 1891 году. Долгое время он был заброшен. Однако для местных жителей даже в таком состоянии продолжал оставаться жемчужной родного края. Люди проделали большую работу и сумели добиться присвоения храму статуса памятника архитектуры. Сегодня в нем ведутся долгожданные восстановительные работы.
Источник: Волгоград 24
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Приход храма Святого праведного Иоанна Кронштадтского Чудотворца. Волгоград. Россия.
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Прогулка по Воздвиженкой улице Москва / Vozdvizhenka Street Moscow : 1883-1916
Прогулка по Воздвиженкой улице
Москва
1883-1916
Walk along Vozdvizhenka Street
Moscow
1883-1916
Music:
Polonaise Oginski played on the domra
Vozdvizhenka Street is one of Moscow historical streets. Between nthe 13th-18th centuries, the street was the site of the
Volotosk Road a trading route from Veliky Novgorod through Volokolamsk to Moscow and the Trinity Gate leading into the Kremlin...
During the mid 15th century the Monastery of the True Life-Giving Cross of the Lord and the church of the same name...
By the 16th century, the street was an important trade route connecting Moscow with Smolensk , while the road from Veliky Novgorod at that time already passed through the territory of modern Tverskaya Street.
Being close to the Kremlin, the street was popular with members of the Moscow nobility, close to the Tsardom.
In the 18th century , after the transfer of the capital to St. Petersburg in 1713 and the decline of trade with Smolensk, the street became less lively, but remained the seat of residence of Moscow aristocracy. During the Napoleonic fire of 1812, Vozdvizhenka was severely damaged, many buildings were burned. In 1814, the Holy Cross Monastery was abolished. Only the parish church of the same name has being preserved.
At the end of the 19th century, houses in the Art Nouveau style were erected on the street : the estate of entrepreneur Varvara Morozova (No. 14) and the mansion of her son , merchant and philanthropist Arseny Morozov (No. 16), made in the Moorish style.
After the October Revolution, the appearance of the street changed greatly.....
HISTORICAL PLACES OF RUSSIA IN GOOGLE EARTH PART ONE ( 1/9 )
1. ALEXANDERNEVSKY CATHEDRAL,UDMURTIA 56°50'38.52N 53°12'3.54E
2. ARMENIAN CHURCH, ROSTOV 47°13'49.90N 39°45'56.33E
3. PREGELBRÜCKE, KALININGRAD 54°41'27.55N 20°35'57.83E
4. ARSENAL,UDMURTIA 56°51'11.89N 53°12'55.79E
5. ROSTOV YOUTH THEATRE,ROSTOV 47°13'47.50N 39°45'51.95E
6. ZAKHAYMSKIE GATE,KALININGRAD 54°42'34.62N 20°32'18.68E
7. GOLDEN GATES, VLADIMIR 56° 7'36.47N 40°23'49.48E
8. MONUMENT Genl.PLIEV,VLADIKAVKAZ 43° 1'11.35N 44°40'48.24E
9. ST. JOHN BAPTIST,ASTRAKHAN 46°20'56.29N 48° 3'30.36E
10. WINDMILLS, SUZDAL 56°24'43.19N 40°26'13.78E
11. IVANGOROD FORTRESS,IVANGOLROD 59°22'31.80N 28°12'2.14E
12. SCULPTURE MOTHER HOME,KALININGRAD 54°43'2.09N 20°30'6.84E
13. OMSK ASSUMPTION CATHEDRAL,OMSK 54°59'24.52N 73°22'0.75E
14. CHIEF FAIR BUILDING, NIZHNY NOVGOROD 56°19'42.23N 43°57'40.93E
15. MARIINSKY PALACE,ST PETERSBURG 59°55'50.74N 30°18'34.09E
16. SAVIOUR CHURCH,UFA 54°49'45.34N 55°59'59.02E
17. GRAND KREMLIN,MOSCOW 55°45'5.64N 37°37'2.83E
18. SPASSKAYA TOWER,MOSCOW 55°45'9.14N 37°37'16.20E
19. ANCIENT WATER TOWER, UDMURTIA 56°51'3.69N 53°12'27.29E
20. ORESHEK FORTRESS, LENINGRAD 59°57'13.71N 31° 2'18.32E
21. STS. PETER & PAUL CHURCH, SMOLENSK 54°47'47.09N 32° 2'15.69E
22. FOREVER WITH RUSSIA,UDMURTIA 56°51'8.11N 53°11'49.52E
23. CHURCH OF CHELYABINSK, RUSSIA 55° 8'23.77N 61°24'56.43E
24. GERMAN CHURCH,VLADIKAVKAZ 43° 2'12.36N 44°40'40.13E
25. CATHEDRAL OF ST. NICHOLAS,OMSK 54°58'39.31N 73°22'46.95E
Russia: Putin meets Parolin, welcomes 'constructive dialogue' between Holy See and Russia
Russian President Vladimir Putin met with Vatican Secretary of State Cardinal Pietro Parolin in Sochi, Wednesday.
The Russian leader welcomed Cardinal Parolin and expressed his appreciation for the trustworthy and constructive dialogue that has developed between the Holy See and Russia.
Putin also mentioned the importance of direct dialogue between the Holy See and the Russian Orthodox Church.
Video ID: 20170823 042
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History of Russia (PARTS 1-5) - Rurik to Revolution
From Prince Rurik to the Russian Revolution, this is a compilation of the first 5 episodes of Epic History TV's History of Russia.
Visit our merch shop:
Help me make more videos at Patreon:
Recommended general histories of Russia (as an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases):
Martin Sixsmith, Russia: A 1000 Year Chronicle of the Wild East
Orlando Figes, Natasha's Dance: A Cultural History of Russia
Robert Service, The Penguin History of Modern Russia: From Tsarism to the Twenty-first Century
#EpicHistoryTV #HistoryofRussia
Music:
Johnny de'Ath lemonadedrinkers.com
Filmstro
Audio Blocks
Premium Beat
Kevin MacLeod
'The Pyre'; 'Intrepid'; 'String Impromptu Number 1'; 'Brandenburg No.4'; 'All This'; 'Satiate Percussion'; 'The Descent';
Licensed under Creative Commons by Attribution CC BY-SA 3.0
A note on 'Ivan the Terrible' - in Russia, Ivan IV has the epithet 'Гро́зный' meaning 'Great' or 'Formidable'. So why is he known as Ivan 'the Terrible' in English? Because he was evil or useless or because of anti-Russian bias? No, because 'Terrible' in English also means awesome or formidable - this was well understood when 'Гро́зный' was first translated into English centuries ago, but now fewer people understand this. (see definitions 3 & 4 here: The name stuck, and Ivan IV has been known as Ivan the Terrible ever since.
Images:
Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona
State Tretyakov Gallery
Russian State Historical Museum
National Art Museum of Ukraine
Herodotus: Marie-Lan Nguyen, CC BY 2.5
St.Volodymr: Dar Veter, CC BY-SA 3.0
Polish-Lithuanian Flag: Olek Remesz, CC BY 2.5
Kremlin.ru
New York Public Library
Anne S.K. Brown Military Collection, Brown University Library
Stenka Razin with kind permission of Sergei Kirrilov
Winter Palace: Alex Florstein Fedorov CC BY-SA 4.0
Imperial Academy of Fine Arts: Alex Florstein Fedorov CC BY-SA 4.0
Ipatievsky Monastery: Michael Clarke CC BY-SA 4.0
Trans-Alaska Pipeline: Frank Kovalchek CC BY 2.0
Gallows: Adam Clarke CC BY-SA 2.0
Church of the Saviour exterior: NoPlayerUfa CC BY-SA 3.0
Church of the Saviour interior: Mannat Kaur CC BY-SA 3.0
Audio Mix and SFX:
Chris Whiteside
Rene Bridgman
Thanks to Mahdi for Persian captions.
Волгоградское предприятие по производству церковного убранства вышло на всероссийский рынок.
18.01.2017 Спектр возможностей волгоградских предприятий становится шире. Малые компании набивают руку и выходят на всероссийский рынок. Наша съемочная группа побывала там, где создают купола.
Звезды в этом помещении никогда не гаснут, а золотой отлив куполов всегда наполняет цех лучезарным светом. Здесь изготавливают внутреннее и внешнее церковное убранство.
Ольга Фомина купола, сделанные своими руками, узнает сразу. За 10 лет работы она собрала не одну сотню «золотых шапок».
Ольга Фомина, жестянщик-облицовщик: «Человек верующий. Когда знаешь, что ты делаешь что-то на века. Вообще, трепетно я отношусь к этому».
А стоят купола волгоградского производства по всей России: от Владивостока до Калининграда. Синий поедет в Московскую область, такой же, только чуть больше, – в Пензу. Золотые – в Астрахань.
Эта деталь из нержавеющей стали. В ближайшее время она и еще 320 таких отправятся в храм, который строится в городе Сочи. Сделать такую, на первый взгляд, достаточно просто. Однако, когда пробуешь сам, понимаешь, что требуется приложить немало усилий.
В этом году предприятие шагнуло дальше – мастера начали создавать иконостасы. Работа по миллиметрам.
Покроют детали сусальным золотом или его имитацией, как эти колонны праздничного ряда иконостаса. Кстати, 60 листов сусального золота весят всего полтора грамма, и хватает этого материала только на полквадратных метра изделия.
Андрей Орешкин, скульптор-моделист: «Сусальное золото обладает более тонким прокатом листа, поэтому швы незаметны. Если сравнить с имитацией сусального золота, называется «поталь», это медный сплав. Видите, даже блеск отличается несколько».
«Моление о чаше», «Тайная вечеря», «Положение в гроб», «Несение креста» – скульптурная композиция пока только макет, но уже произведение искусства, создавали год.
Иван Подмарев, директор предприятия: «Владеющий хорошими навыками и понимающий скульптор. Он не просто так брал с картинки, копировал. Он получал вводную информацию, знакомился с сюжетом, вникал, и после этого, уже перерабатывая информацию, выдавал картину».
Изготовлены полотна из стеклопластика. Материал, по словам специалистов, способен максимально четко отражать мельчайшие детали, к примеру, мимику. А это важно, ведь сюжеты будут расположены в алтарной части храма. Прикасаться к ним после освящения смогут только служители церкви. В этом году на предприятии запустили и новый проект – быстро возводимые храмы. Собор на объекте возводят всего за одну неделю.
– Поэтому мы разработали новую технологию, где используются только негорючие материалы. И надеемся, что это будет востребовано. Сейчас у нас находится в работе два храма для Республики Казахстан.
А в Волгограде одна из последних работ – купола и ограда, которые украшают храм Николая Чудотворца на Тулака.
Источник: «Вести-Волгоград» volgograd-trv.ru
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Приход храма Святого праведного Иоанна Кронштадтского Чудотворца. Волгоград. Россия.
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Nicholas II of Russia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Nicholas II of Russia
00:03:16 1 Family background
00:06:34 2 Tsarevich
00:09:51 3 Engagement, accession and marriage
00:13:43 4 Reign
00:13:52 4.1 Coronation
00:17:55 4.2 Initiatives in foreign affairs
00:18:52 4.3 Ecclesiastical affairs
00:19:40 4.4 Russo-Japanese War
00:22:47 4.5 Anti-Jewish pogroms of 1903–1906
00:23:48 4.6 Bloody Sunday (1905)
00:28:08 4.7 1905 Revolution
00:31:49 4.8 Relationship with the Duma
00:41:58 4.9 Tsarevich Alexei's illness and Rasputin
00:44:33 4.10 European affairs
00:46:48 4.11 Tercentenary
00:47:26 4.12 First World War
00:56:40 4.13 Collapse
01:01:25 4.13.1 Abdication (1917)
01:04:41 4.14 Imprisonment
01:08:10 4.15 Execution
01:11:32 5 Identification
01:13:22 6 Funeral
01:14:12 7 Sainthood
01:16:19 8 Assessment
01:19:54 9 Ancestry
01:20:03 10 Titles, styles, honours and arms
01:20:14 10.1 Titles and styles
01:21:29 10.2 Honours
01:22:12 10.2.1 National
01:22:39 10.2.2 Foreign
01:23:30 10.3 Arms
01:23:38 11 Children
01:23:47 12 Wealth
01:25:01 13 Documentaries and films
01:25:37 14 See also
01:25:53 15 Note
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Nicholas II or Nikolai II (Russian: Николай II Алекса́ндрович, tr. Nikolai II Aleksandrovich; 18 May [O.S. 6 May] 1868 – 17 July 1918), known as Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer in the Russian Orthodox Church, was the last Emperor of Russia, ruling from 1 November 1894 until his forced abdication on 2 March 1917. His reign saw the fall of the Russian Empire from one of the foremost great powers of the world to economic and military collapse. He was given the nickname Nicholas the Bloody or Vile Nicholas by his political adversaries due to the Khodynka Tragedy, anti-Semitic pogroms, Bloody Sunday, the violent suppression of the 1905 Russian Revolution, the execution of political opponents, and his perceived responsibility for the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905). Soviet historians portrayed Nicholas as a weak and incompetent leader whose decisions led to military defeats and the deaths of millions of his subjects.Russia was defeated in the 1904–1905 Russo-Japanese War which saw the annihilation of the reinforcing Russian Baltic Fleet after being sent on its round-the-world cruise at the naval Battle of Tsushima, off the coasts of Korea and Japan, the loss of Russian influence over Manchuria and Korea, and the Japanese annexation to the north of South Sakhalin Island. The Anglo-Russian Entente was designed to counter the German Empire's attempts to gain influence in the Middle East, but it also ended the Great Game of confrontation between Russia and the United Kingdom. When all Russian diplomatic efforts to prevent the First World War (1914–1918) failed, Nicholas approved the Imperial Russian Army mobilization on 30 July 1914 which gave Imperial Germany formal grounds to declare war on Russia on 1 August 1914. An estimated 3.3 million Russians were killed in the First World War. The Imperial Russian Army's severe losses, the High Command's incompetent management of the war efforts, and lack of food and supplies on the home front were all leading causes of the fall of the House of Romanov.
Following the February Revolution of 1917, Nicholas abdicated on behalf of himself and his son and heir, the Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich. He and his family were imprisoned and transferred to Tobolsk in late summer 1917. On 30 April 1918, Nicholas, Alexandra, and their daughter Maria were handed over to the local Ural Soviet council in Ekaterinburg (renamed Sverdlovsk during the Soviet era); the rest of the captives followed on 23 May. Nicholas and his family were executed by their Bolshevik guards on the night of 16/17 July 1918. The remains of the imperial family were later found, exhumed, identified and re-interred with elaborate State and Church ceremony in St. Petersburg on 17 July 1998 – 80 years later.
In 1981, Nicholas, his wife, and their children were recognized as martyrs by the Russian Orthodox Church Outsid ...
Crimean–Nogai raids into East Slavic lands | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Crimean–Nogai raids into East Slavic lands
00:02:38 1 Causes
00:02:47 1.1 Economic factors
00:03:55 1.2 Political factors
00:04:41 2 Military
00:04:49 2.1 The theater of war
00:08:12 2.2 Tactics
00:10:08 3 The fate of the captives
00:10:17 3.1 On the steppe
00:12:06 3.2 In Crimea and Turkey
00:15:41 4 Resistance to the raids
00:15:51 4.1 Russia
00:16:18 4.2 Poland–Lithuania
00:17:06 5 In folk culture
00:17:49 6 Historians on the Tatar raids
00:18:34 7 List of raids
00:18:43 7.1 Outline
00:20:37 7.2 1480–1506
00:34:18 7.3 1507–1570
00:59:11 7.4 1571–1599
01:15:51 7.5 1600–1648
01:48:24 7.6 Wars 1648-1709
01:50:13 7.7 1648-1655: Khmelnitsky Uprising
02:03:20 8 1657-1663 Vyhovsky and the Poles
02:10:13 8.1 1665–1678
02:48:46 8.2 1677–1699
03:03:13 8.3 1700–1769
03:13:00 9 See also
03:13:17 10 Sources
03:13:57 11 Notes
03:14:05 12 External links
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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The Crimean-Nogai raids were slave raids carried out by the Khanate of Crimea and by the Nogai Horde into the region of Rus' then controlled by the Grand Duchy of Moscow (until 1547), by the Tsardom of Russia (1547-1721), by the Russian Empire (1721 onwards) and by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1569). These raids began after Crimea became independent about 1441 and lasted until the peninsula came under Russian control in 1774.Their main purpose was the capture of slaves, most of whom were exported to the Ottoman slave markets in Constantinople or elsewhere in the Middle East. The raids were an important drain of the human and economic resources of eastern Europe. They largely inhabited the settlement of the Wild Fields – the steppe and forest-steppe land which extends from a hundred or so miles south of Moscow to the Black Sea and which now contains most of the Russian and Ukrainian population. The raids also played an important role in the development of the Cossacks.Estimates of the number of people involved vary: according to Alan W. Fisher the number of people deported from the Slavic lands on both sides of the border during the 14th to 17th centuries was about 3 million. Michael Khodarkhovsky estimates that 150,000 to 200,000 people were abducted from Russia in the first 50 years of the 17th century.The first major Tatar raid for slaves occurred in 1468 and was directed into Galicia. Crimean Khan Devlet I Giray even managed to burn down Moscow during the 1571 campaign. The last raid into Hungary by the Crimean Tatars took place in 1717. In 1769 a last major Tatar raid, which took place during the Russo-Turkish War, saw the capture of 20,000 slaves.
What made the wild field so forbidding were the Tatars. Year after year, their swift raiding parties swept down on the towns and villages to pillage, kill the old and frail, and drive away thousands of captives to be sold as slaves in the Crimean port of Kaffa, a city often referred to by Russians as the vampire that drinks the blood of Rus'...For example, from 1450 to 1586, eighty-six raids were recorded, and from 1600 to 1647, seventy. Although estimates of the number of captives taken in a single raid reached as high as 30,000, the average figure was closer to 3000...In Podilia alone, about one-third of all the villages were devastated or abandoned between 1578 and 1583.
Nuclear deterrence ready: Putin presides over mega missile exercise involving bombers & ground laun
© Russian Defense Ministry
Russia has tested all three components of its nuclear triad, making sure that if the worst comes to pass and its existence is under threat, it would have plenty of ways to respond to foreign aggression.
A Yars intercontinental ballistic missile was fired from a ground-mobile launcher deployed at the military commodore Plesetsk. The nuke traveled some 6,000km east before hitting the intended target in Kamchatka.
Meanwhile Iskander tactical missile systems in southern and eastern Russia conducted their own test launches.
In the air, long-range bombers Tu-95MS completed their part of the exercise, firing nuclear-capable cruise missiles at targets in the Komi region in northern Russia and in Kamchatka.
The training was meant to test the Russian military’s capability to organize a country-wide response to a military crisis significant enough to merit the use of nuclear weapons. Russia’s military doctrine says it can happen only if the country is under a nuclear attack or if there’s a massive military invasion that may end its existence otherwise.
President Vladimir Putin in his capacity as commander-in-chief oversaw the exercise from the National Defense Control Center, the Defense Ministry’s main HQ.
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핵 억지력 준비 : 푸틴 대통령, 대규모 미사일 훈련, 폭격기 및 지상 발사기 관련된 훈련을 주재 (비디오)
© 러시아 국방부
러시아는 핵 트라이어드의 세 가지 구성 요소를 모두 테스트하여 최악의 상황이 발생하고 그 존재가 위협을 받고 있다면 외국 침략에 대응할 수있는 방법이 많이 있는지 확인했습니다.
러시아 무기고에서 다양한 전술 및 전략적 핵무기의 동시 테스트는 'Grom-2019'(영어로 '천둥')라는 주요 군사 훈련을 마무리하면서 이루어졌습니다. 약 12,000 명의 부대, 수백 개의 미사일 발사기와 항공기, 그리고 거의 20 척의 군함와 잠수함이 포함되었습니다.
RS-24 야르 대륙간 탄도 미사일은 군수품 플레세츠크에 배치된 지상 이동 발사대에서 발사되었습니다. 핵무기는 캄차카에서 목표물을 타격하기 전에 동쪽으로 약 6,000km를 이동했습니다.
한편 러시아 남부와 동부의 9K720 이스칸데르 전술 미사일 시스템은 자체 시험 발사를 수행했습니다.
공중에서 장거리 폭격기 투폴레프-95MS는 러시아 북부의 코미 지역과 캄차카에서 대상이 될 수있는 핵 미사일 미사일을 발사하여 연습을 마쳤다.
이 훈련은 핵무기 사용의 가치가있는 군사 위기에 대한 국가 차원의 대응을 조직 할 수있는 러시아 군대의 능력을 시험하기위한 것이었다. 러시아의 군사 교리는 국가가 핵 공격을 받고 있거나 다른 국가의 존재를 종식시킬 수있는 대규모 군사 침공이있는 경우에만 발생할 수 있다고 말합니다.
블라디미르 푸틴 대통령은 국방부 본부인 국방 통제 센터 (National Defense Control Center)의 운동을 총괄하는 사령관으로 활동했다.
☆ Moscow Kremlin (1947) Putin and Stalin meet Montgomery to finalise the creation of NATO ☢ U1
The Allies of WWII ☆ Generalissimo Joseph Stalin and his butler Spiridon Putin meet Bernard Montgomery, in astrakhan hat and greatcoat with astrakhan collar, to finalise the creation of NATO ☢ Uranium One -- Monty held racist views towards Africans, describing them as complete savages incapable of developing their own countries.
Moscow (1947) British Pathé - Full title reads: Moscow. Moscow, Russia / Soviet Union. Field Marshal Viscount Bernard L. Montgomery visits Moscow.
LS of the snow clad Kremlin. MS Monty with Russian officer. MS The cupolas of St. Basil's Cathedral (presumably).
MS Monty with Russian officers walking through the snowy streets to the Kremlin and entering the building. LS A corridor inside the Kremlin.
MS Monty talking with Russian officer. LS Sparkling chandeliers inside the Kremlin.
CU Monty and Generalissimo Joseph Stalin, sitting on a settee. CU Stalin head shot, full face. CU Head shot, full face of Monty. MS They shake hands.
MS Monty, wearing Russian gift of fur hat and coat with Stalin. MS Stalin. CU Monty, in astrakhan hat and greatcoat with astrakhan collar.
FILM ID:1177.12
A VIDEO FROM BRITISH PATHÉ.
Field Marshal Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, KG, GCB, DSO, PC, DL (/məntˈɡʌməri ... ˈæləmeɪn/; 17 November 1887 – 24 March 1976), nicknamed Monty and The Spartan General,[10] was a senior British Army officer who fought in both the First World War and the Second World War.
After the war he became Commander-in-Chief of the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) in Germany and then Chief of the Imperial General Staff (1946–1948). From 1948 to 1951 he served as Chairman of the Commanders-in-Chief Committee of the Western Union. He then served as NATO's Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe until his retirement in 1958.
After the war Lord Montgomery became the Commander-in-Chief (C-in-C) of the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR), the name given to the British Occupation Forces, and was the British member of the Allied Control Council.[197] Montgomery was also President of Portsmouth Football Club between 1944 and 1961.[198] He was created 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein in 1946.[199] He was Chief of the Imperial General Staff (CIGS) from 1946 to 1948, succeeding Alanbrooke. As CIGS, Montgomery toured Africa in 1947 and in a secret 1948 report to Prime Minister Clement Attlee's government proposed a master plan to exploit the raw materials of Africa, thereby counteracting the loss of British influence in Asia. Montgomery held racist views towards Africans, describing them as complete savages incapable of developing their own countries.
He was chairman of the governing body of St. John's School in Leatherhead, Surrey, from 1951 to 1966, and a generous supporter.
St John’s was founded in 1851 to educate the sons of the clergy, and was moved from St John’s Wood, London to its current site in Surrey in 1872.
Russia TRAVEL GUIDE. Best Places to Visit in Saint Petersburg | Datsan Gunzechoinei
Hi friends. This video about Saint Petersburg. See more on same playlist.
For steadicam - PayPal: andreyrepe@yandex.ru
In 1909, Agvan Dorzhiev got permission from the Tsar to build a large and substantial Buddhist datsan or temple in Saint Petersburg which he hoped would become the residence of the first Buddhist ruler of Russia.
However, the Russian Orthodox Church campaigned strongly against construction of this pagan temple across the country, which considerably delayed its construction. However, the first service was held on 21 February 1913, and construction was completed by 1915, when Tsar Nicholas II confirmed the arrival of a staff of nine lamas: three from Transbaikalia, four from Astrakhan Province, and two from Stavropol Province. The stained glass windows were commissioned from Nicholas Roerich.
A second large service was held on 9 June 1914 to consecrate a large gilded copper statue of the sitting Buddha Shakyamuni, which was a gift from King Rama VI of Siam (Thailand), and a standing Buddha Maitreya, a gift from G. A. Planson of the Russian Council in Bangkok.
The consecration of the datsan was held on 10 August 1915, when it was given the name of Gunzechoinei, or 'The source of the Buddha's Religious Teaching that has Deep Compassion for All Beings.'
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St Constantine's Choir 2016: Only Begotten Son
This is Єдинopoдний Cинy (OnlyBegotonSon), sung by St. Constantine Ukrainian Catholic Church Choir. Composed by D.Bortniansky.
During the 7th Annual Byzantine Choral Festival at St. Constantine Ukrainian Catholic Church in Minneapolis.
October 9, 2016.
The Life And Death Of Alexis of Russia
Aleksey Mikhailovich (Russian: Алексе́й Миха́йлович; IPA: [ɐlʲɪˈksʲej mʲɪˈxajləvʲɪtɕ]; 29 March [O.S. 19 March] 1629 – 8 February [O.S. 29 January] 1676) was the Tsar of Russia during some of the most eventful decades of the mid-17th century. His reign saw the Russian invasion of Poland and war with Sweden during the Deluge, the Raskol schism in the Russian Orthodox Church, and the Cossack revolt of Stenka Razin. On the eve of his death in 1676, the Tsardom of Russia spanned almost 2,000,000,000 acres (8,100,000 km2).
Born in Moscow on 29 March 1629, the son of Tsar Michael and Eudoxia Streshneva, Alexei acceded to the throne at the age of sixteen after his father's death on 12 July 1645. He was committed to the care of the boyar Boris Morozov, a shrewd and sensible guardian sufficiently enlightened to recognize the needs of his country, and by no means inaccessible to Western ideas.
Morozov's foreign policy was pacificatory. He secured a truce with Poland and carefully avoided complications with the Ottoman Empire. His domestic policy was scrupulously fair and aimed at relieving the public burdens by limiting the privileges of foreign traders and abolishing a great many useless and expensive court offices. On 17 January 1648 Morozov procured the marriage of the tsar with Maria Miloslavskaya, himself marrying her sister, Anna, ten days later, both daughters of Ilya Danilovich Miloslavsky (1594–1668).
Morozov was very unpopular however, regarded as a typical self-seeking 17th-century boyar, and was generally detested and accused of sorcery and witchcraft. In May 1648 the people of Moscow rose against them in the so-called Salt Riot, and the young Tsar was compelled to dismiss them and exile Boris to the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery. Four months later, Boris was secretly allowed to return to Moscow, where he subsequently managed to regain some of his lost power.
The popular discontent demonstrated by the riot was partially responsible for Alexis' 1649 issuance of a new legal code, the Sobornoye Ulozhenie.
From the very beginning of his reign, Alexei was faced with multiple rebellions scattered across Russia. After resolving the 1648 Salt Riot that had resulted in the temporary exile of Morozov, in 1650, Alexei faced two more rebellions in the cities of Pskov and Great Novgorod. Alexei put down the Novgorod rebellion quickly, but was unable to subdue Pskov, and was forced to promise the city amnesty in return for surrender. One man only had displayed equal tact and courage at Great Novgorod, the metropolitan Nikon, who in consequence became in 1651 the Tsar's chief minister.
By the 1660s, Alexei's wars with Poland and Sweden had put an increasing strain on the Russian economy—Alexei's government had begun minting large numbers of copper coins in 1654, in an attempt to increase government revenue, but this instead led to a devaluation of the ruble and a severe financial crisis. As a result, angry Moscow residents revolted in the 1662 Copper Riot, which was put down violently.
In 1669, the Cossacks along the Don in southern Russia erupted in rebellion. The rebellion was led by Stenka Razin, a disaffected Don Cossack who had captured the Russian terminus of Astrakhan. From 1670 to 1671, Razin seized multiple towns along the Volga River. The turning point in his campaign was his failed siege of Simbirsk in October 1670. Razin was finally captured on the Don in April 1671, and was drawn and quartered in Moscow.
In 1653 the weakness and disorder of Poland, which had just emerged from the Khmelnytsky Uprising, encouraged Alexei to attempt to annex from her rival the old Rus’ lands. On 1 October 1653 a national assembly met at Moscow to sanction the war and find the means of carrying it out, and in April 1654 the army was blessed by Nikon, who had been elected patriarch in 1652.
Russia puts S-400 Triumph missile defense systems at N. Korean border
The Russian S-400 Triumph missile anti-aircraft system was activated in the Primorsky region of Russia on Friday, at the border with North Korea. The system is aimed at destroying aircraft,