Russia: Putin returns to hometown to attend midnight mass
Russian President Vladimir Putin attended midnight mass at the Church of Saints Simeon and Anna in Saint Petersburg on Sunday, as Russia celebrated Orthodox Christmas.
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Putin Attends Christmas Service at The Church Where His Father Was Baptised
A TRUE CHRISTIAN: Russian President Putin attends Christmas service at Church of Saints Simeon and Anna in St. Petersburg
Credit to Россия 24
С Рождеством всех православных христиан поздравил Владимир Путин. Сам президент по традиции встретил праздник вне Москвы. На этот раз он приехал в Симеоновскую церковь Санкт-Петербурга, одну из старейших в городе.
Russian President Vladimir Putin has offered greetings to Orthodox Christians and all Russians on Christmas celebrated according to the Julian calendar on January 7.
A Kremlin press service statement quoted Putin as saying that Christmas gives millions of believers joy and hope.
Putin said the holiday accustoms Orthodox Christians to spiritual origins and fatherly traditions, and unites them around eternal Christian values and the centuries-old historic and cultural heritage of our people.
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Ukrainian Orthodox Christian family All Saints Bell Kyiv Lavra Pecherskaya 22 05 2011
Pascha 2017 at St. Basil's Russian Orthodox Church
The Resurrection Service and Divine Liturgy was held at St. Basil's Russian Orthodox Church in Maplewood, NY on April 16, 2017. Archpriest Peter Olsen was the celebrant and the choir was directed by Choirmaster Michael Mellin.
2019. Vladimir Putin. Christmas service at Transfiguration Cathedral in St. Petersburg
Russian President Vladimir Putin is attending an overnight Orthodox Christmas service at the Transfiguration Cathedral in Saint Petersburg.
Putin attended the Christmas service at the Transfiguration Cathedral in Russia’s second largest city in 2012, when he held the post of the Russian prime minister. He told journalists at that time that he was Christianized at this Cathedral in his childhood.
As a rule Putin leaves Moscow for Christmas, while on Easter he stays in the Russian capital for a night-time service at the Cathedral of Christ the Savior.
Last year Putin went to the Christmas service at the Church of Saints Simeon and Anna in Saint Petersburg. In 2017 he attended the Christmas service at the Spassky (St. Savior) Cathedral of the St. George’s Monastery in the city of Veliky Novgorod. In 2016 went for the service at a rural Church near Voronezh. Before that he twice attended Christmas services in Sochi.
The president attended the service with other worshippers for half an hour, briefly spoke with Dean Nikolai Bryndin and presented him and the Cathedral with the icon of Christ Pantocrator as a Christmas gift. Bryndin in turn also presented the Russian president with a Christmas gift.
Orthodox Christians in Russia and other countries around the world are celebrating Christmas on January 7, an event which 2018 years ago marked the beginning of the new history of mankind.
Christians conclude a four-week fast during which they confess their sins and receive communion. And on Christmas Eve they have special fasting, until the first star, in memory of how the Magi came first to the birthplace of Christ following the movement of the star in the sky. At present, a candle in front of the altar, which is lit at the end of the Christmas Eve service at about noon, symbolizes the star.
Nizhni Novgorod 5
Praise the name of the Lord from All-Night Vigil at St. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Nizhni Novgorod. The plastic and scaffold is covering the main part of the church which is being restored (this service was in the side church)
The Life And Death Of Simeon of Moscow
Simeon Ivanovich Gordiy (the Proud) (Семён Иванович Гордый in Russian) (7 November 1316 – 27 April 1353) was Prince of Moscow and Grand Prince of Vladimir. Simeon continued his father's policies of supporting the Golden Horde and acting as its leading enforcer in Russia. Simeon's rule was marked by regular military and political standoffs against Novgorod Republic and Lithuania. His relationships with neighboring Russian principalities remained peaceful if not passive: Simeon stayed aside from conflicts between subordinate princes. He had recourse to war only when war was unavoidable. A relatively quiet period for Moscow was ended by the Black Death that claimed the lives of Simeon and his sons in 1353.
In 1340 Simeon, the eldest son of Ivan Kalita, was stationed in Nizhny Novgorod. Upon receiving news of his father death, Simeon and his brothers Andrey and Ivan left for the Golden Horde to seek Uzbeg Khan's patent (yarlyk) for taking over the title of Grand Prince. Rivals Konstantin of Tver and Konstantin of Suzdal also paid their homage to the Khan, claiming seniority over Moscow princes. Simeon won the patent through bribing the Khan's retinue; princes of Tver and Suzdal had to agree to his seniority; Uzbeq also extended his benevolence to Simeon's issue. He was also granted the ceremonial title epi trapezes offikios (Greek: ό επί τραπέζης όφφίκιος) by the Byzantine Empire, which can be loosely translated as seneschal or stolnik.
In the same 1340 Simeon engaged in his first military standoff with Veliky Novgorod. Simeon claimed his right to collect taxes in the Novgorodian town of Torzhok. Torzhok boyars locked up Simeon's tax collectors and called for help from Novgorod. Simeon and metropolitan Theognostus hastily organized a coalition of princes against Novgorod, claiming that They [Novgorodians] make war and peace with whomever they please, consulting no one. Novgorod regards not all Russia, and will not obey her Grand Prince, referring to Novgorod incursions into Ustyuzhna and Beloe Ozero. As the coalition forces approached Novgorodian lands, the people of Torzhok revolted against the boyars and sided with Muscovite troops. Novgorod Republic accepted the fact and ceded all taxes from Torzhok area, estimated at 1,000 roubled in silver annually, to Simeon who agreed to honor the existing civic charter.
In 1341, shortly after the dismissal of muscovite coalition army, Algirdas (then prince of Vitebsk, allied with prince of Smolensk) besieged Mozhaysk. News of the death of Gediminas forced Algirdas to quit the campaign before Simeon could arrange a military response. Uzbeg Khan, Simeon's sovereign, died soon afterwards; his successor, Jani Beg, secured the control of the Horde through killing his brothers. Simeon and Theognostus had to travel to the Horde again. Jani Beg reassured Simeon in his rights and let him go, but kept Theognostus hostage to extort money from the church; eventually, Theognostus was released for 600 roubles.
In 1333, Simeon married Aigusta (Anastasia), sister of Algirdas. After her death in 1345, Simeon married Eupraxia of Smolensk, but soon sent her back to her family, claiming that Eupraxia was cursed since wedding and appears to be dead each night. Eupraxia remarried Prince Fominsky, and Simeon married Maria of Tver; their four sons died in infancy.
Throughout the 1340s Lithuanian and Swedish military campaigns and internal political disarray decreased the influence of the Novgorod Republic. Simeon, whose title of Grand Prince obliged him to protect Novgorod, was reluctant to do so, as if expecting the weakened republic to collapse for his own benefit. In 1347, when Novgorodians called for help against the Swedes, Simeon dispatched his brother Ivan and Constantine of Rostov; the envoys refused to fight for the Novgorodians. Simeon himself was busy with offsetting the Lithuanians' influence in the Horde, meanwhile harboring two renegade Lithuanian princes as potential claimants to the Lithuanian crown. He manipulated Jani Beg into believing that increasing Lithuanian influence became the most important threat to the Horde.
Великий Новгород [15] Veliky Novgorod
*with ENGLISH SUBTITLES
*track with guitar by dietoday [vk.com/dietoday]
*Любые вопросы - пишите! Any questions - write! lavrans@mail.ru
*Могу вставить вашу музыку - I can insert your music.
2019. Vladimir Putin. Christmas service at Transfiguration Cathedral in St. Petersburg
Russian President Vladimir Putin is attending an overnight Orthodox Christmas service at the Transfiguration Cathedral in Saint Petersburg.
Putin attended the Christmas service at the Transfiguration Cathedral in Russia’s second largest city in 2012, when he held the post of the Russian prime minister. He told journalists at that time that he was Christianized at this Cathedral in his childhood.
As a rule Putin leaves Moscow for Christmas, while on Easter he stays in the Russian capital for a night-time service at the Cathedral of Christ the Savior.
Last year Putin went to the Christmas service at the Church of Saints Simeon and Anna in Saint Petersburg. In 2017 he attended the Christmas service at the Spassky (St. Savior) Cathedral of the St. George’s Monastery in the city of Veliky Novgorod. In 2016 went for the service at a rural Church near Voronezh. Before that he twice attended Christmas services in Sochi.
The president attended the service with other worshippers for half an hour, briefly spoke with Dean Nikolai Bryndin and presented him and the Cathedral with the icon of Christ Pantocrator as a Christmas gift. Bryndin in turn also presented the Russian president with a Christmas gift.
Orthodox Christians in Russia and other countries around the world are celebrating Christmas on January 7, an event which 2018 years ago marked the beginning of the new history of mankind.
Christians conclude a four-week fast during which they confess their sins and receive communion. And on Christmas Eve they have special fasting, until the first star, in memory of how the Magi came first to the birthplace of Christ following the movement of the star in the sky. At present, a candle in front of the altar, which is lit at the end of the Christmas Eve service at about noon, symbolizes the star.
Orthodox Christmas Liturgy
His grace, the bishop of Zvornik and Tuzla served Divine Christmas Liturgy in city Bijeljna, Serbian Orthodox Church, 7th January 2016 (25th December 2015 old calendar)
The Life And Death Of Ivan I of Moscow
Ivan I Daniilovich Kalita (Ива́н I Дании́лович Калита́ in Russian; 1288 – 31 March 1341 was Prince of Moscow from 1325 and Grand Prince of Vladimir from 1328
Ivan was the son of Prince of Moscow Daniil Aleksandrovich.
After the death of his elder brother Yuri III, Ivan inherited the Principality of Moscow. Ivan participated in the struggle to get the title of Grand Prince of Vladimir which could be obtained with the approval of a khan of the Golden Horde. The main rivals of the princes of Moscow in this struggle were the princes of Tver – Mikhail, Dmitry the Terrible Eyes, and Alexander II, all of whom obtained the title of Grand prince of Vladimir and were deprived of it. All of them were murdered in the Golden Horde. In 1328 Ivan Kalita received the approval of khan Muhammad Ozbeg to become the Grand Prince of Vladimir with the right to collect taxes from all Russian lands.
According to the Russian historian Kluchevsky, the rise of Moscow under Ivan I Kalita was determined by three factors. The first one was that the Moscow principality was situated in the middle of other Russian principalities; thus, it was protected from any invasions from the East and from the West. Compared to its neighbors, Ryazan principality and Tver principality, Moscow was less often devastated. The relative safety of the Moscow region resulted in the second factor of the rise of Moscow – an influx of working and tax-paying people who were tired of constant raids and who actively relocated to Moscow from other Russian regions. The third factor was a trade route from Novgorod to the Volga river.
Ivan Kalita intentionally pursued the policy of relocation of people to his principality by an invitation of people from other places and by purchase of Russian people captured by Mongols during their raids. He managed to eliminate all the thieves in his lands, thus insuring the safety of traveling merchants. Internal peace and order together with the absence of Mongolian raids to the Moscow principality was mentioned in Russian chronicles as “great peace, silence, and relief of Russian land.
Ivan made Moscow very wealthy by maintaining his loyalty to the Horde (hence, the nickname Kalita, or moneybag). He used this wealth to give loans to neighbouring Russian principalities. These cities gradually fell deeper and deeper into debt, a condition that would allow Ivan's successors to annex them. The people called Ivan the ‘gatherer of the Russian lands’. He bought lands around Moscow, and very often the poor owners sold their lands willingly. Some of them kept the right to rule in their lands on behalf of Ivan Kalita. In one way or another a number of cities and villages joined the Moscow principality – Uglich in 1323, the principality of Belozero in 1328–1338, the principality of Galich in 1340. Ivan's greatest success, however, was convincing the Khan in Sarai that his son, Simeon The Proud, should succeed him as the Grand Prince of Vladimir; from then on, the important position almost always belonged to the ruling house of Moscow. The Head of the Russian Church – Metropolitan Peter, whose authority was extremely high, moved from Vladimir to Moscow to Prince Ivan Kalita.
Following a Lithuanian raid on the town of Torzhok in 1335 (as part of the Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars), Ivan retaliated by burning the towns of Osechen and Riasna.
Ivan died in Moscow, 31 March 1341. He was buried 1 April in the Church of the Archangel Michael.
Legacy
Under Ivan Kalita, Moscow was actively growing, and his residence on the Borovitsky hill became the main part of the city. Erection of either wooden or white-stone constructions was started in the Kremlin. A number of churches were built: in 1326–1327 the Assumption Cathedral, in 1329 the Church of Ivan of the Ladder (John Climacus), in 1330 the Cathedral of the Saviour on the Bor (Forest), and in 1333 the Cathedral of Archangel Michael, where Ivan Kalita and his descendants were buried. Between 1339 and 1340, Ivan Kalita erected a new, bigger oaken fortress on the Borovitsky hill.
In Ivan’s will “the golden captain” was mentioned for the first time; this cap is identified with the well-known Monomakh’s crown, the main crown's of Russian sovereigns.
2018.04.01. Palm Sunday. Divine Liturgy
ENTRANCE OF OUR LORD INTO JERUSALEM (Palm Sunday)
Hours and Liturgy of St John Chrysostom.
Record of the live streaming video from Russian Orthodox Cathedral of St John the Baptist in Washington, DC
April 1, 2018
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Tsar | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Tsar
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Tsar ( or ; Old Church Slavonic: ц︢рь [usually written thus with a title] or цар, царь), also spelled csar, or czar, is a title used to designate East and South Slavic monarchs or supreme rulers of Eastern Europe, originally Bulgarian monarchs from 10th century onwards. As a system of government in the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire, it is known as Tsarist autocracy, or Tsarism. The term is derived from the Latin word Caesar, which was intended to mean Emperor in the European medieval sense of the term—a ruler with the same rank as a Roman emperor, holding it by the approval of another emperor or a supreme ecclesiastical official (the Pope or the Ecumenical Patriarch)—but was usually considered by western Europeans to be equivalent to king, or to be somewhat in between a royal and imperial rank.
Tsar and its variants were the official titles of the following states:
First Bulgarian Empire, in 919–1018
Second Bulgarian Empire, in 1185–1396
Serbian Empire, in 1346–1371
Tsardom of Russia, in 1547–1721 (replaced in 1721 by imperator, but still remaining in use, also officially in relation to several regions until 1917)
Tsardom of Bulgaria, in 1908–1946The first ruler to adopt the title tsar was Simeon I of Bulgaria. Simeon II, the last Tsar of Bulgaria, is the last person to have borne the title Tsar.
Branches from oaks as part of Orthodox Christmas celebrations
(6 Jan 2012) SHOTLIST
1. Man walking through woods with an axe
2. Man crossing himself, beginning to cut oak tree branch
3. Man walking through wood with tree
4. Man placing tree in front of his house as woman stands at door and showering him wheat grains
5. Various of lambs and pigs roasting over fire
6. Man pouring plum brandy
7. Men crossing themselves before drinking brandy, UPSOUND (Serbian) What a Happy Holiday God gave us, God help us to celebrate it in happiness
8. Wide of Orthodox Church at night
9. People and priests gathered for church service
10. Priest reciting prayer
11. Wide of congregation
12. Priests and churchgoers carrying oak branches outside church
13. SOUNDBITE (Serbian) Miroslav Brckalo, Serbian:
I wish a happy Christmas Eve to all Orthodox Christians and a happy holiday tomorrow with a Christian greeting. Christ is born, may God give us peace.
14. People and priests throwing oak branches onto bonfire
15. Men singing beside bonfire
16. Wide of bonfire
STORYLINE:
Orthodox Christmas preparations got underway on Friday in Bosnia as Orthodox Christian worshippers across the world prepared to commemorate the birth of Jesus Christ.
Orthodox Christian churches celebrate Christmas on January 7, following the Gregorian calendar.
Many Bosnian Serbs left their homes at dawn on Friday going to the woods to cut branches from oak trees, to be burnt later in huge fires in front of churches in the country, as part of the celebrations.
Burning of the oak branches - called Badnjak - is an old Serb Christmas custom.
The fires are believed to warm the community with love and harmony and dispel religious ignorance.
Across the country on Christmas eve, hundreds of lambs and pigs were roasted over open fires.
The meat can be eaten only after Christmas Mass and is served in churches at midnight, marking the end of a 40-day fast during which the pious do not eat meat, dairy products or eggs.
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Kiev Pechersky Monastryr - St Anthony was founder - Anthony Babich-West with family
St Anthony In 1028 he returned to Kiev, where he indulged in a feat hermit in a cave on Mount Berestovoy, dug a priest Hilarion, Metropolitan of Kiev future [3]. As the story of his life, he settled there;
praying to God, yady Sukhiy grain anisotropy of water alone, and then measure, a day or two, sometimes for weeks digging a cave, without giving himself no rest day nor night, staying always in the works, prayers, and vigils.
His ascetic feat of attracting people to him. Some come for a blessing, while others like to live next to the holy, and the honor was poveliku Antony. The first students began Nikon Anthony and Theodosius (adopted in 1032 by Nikon vows at the direction of Anthony). Thus began to form the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra.
After a number of monks has reached 12 people, led by Anthony had dug a large cave, which was organized church, the refectory and the individual cells for the monks (these buildings are now preserved in the Far Caves Monastery). After this, Antony put Abbot Barlaam, withdrew from the monastery and dug a new cave, went into seclusion. But next to him again the monks began to settle. This is how Near and Far Caves Monastery. During the life of Anthony Abbot formed his monastery was raised Theodosius. When the number of inhabitants to one hundred people, with the blessing of Anthony's brothers built on the mountain the first wooden church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin.
Anthony of the Caves on the Monument 1000 years of Russia in Veliky Novgorod
Life of Antony tells us that he possessed the gift of miracles: healing the sick, giving them something to eat greens, which he ate, predicted the defeat of the Russian troops in a battle with Polovtsy River Alta in 1066 [2].
Due to a conflict with the prince Izyaslav Anthony twice left the Kiev prince was angry vows as a monk of his court, and in 1068 the support provided by St. Vseslav, captured Kiev Grand table. In 1069 fled from the wrath of Izyaslav Yaroslav to Chernigov, where dug a cave in the mountains Boldin [1].
The last years of his life in solitude, withdrawn from monastery management. Anthony died on May 7, 1073. The relics of St under a bushel (ie, not uncovered to this day).
Novgorod Republic | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Novgorod Republic
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Novgorod Republic or Novgorodian Rus' (Russian: Новгоро́дская респу́блика, tr. Novgorodskaya respublika, IPA: [nəvgɐˈrotskəjə rʲɪsˈpublʲɪkə]; Новгородскаѧ землѧ / Novgorodskaję zemlę, Novgorod land) was a medieval East Slavic state from the 12th to 15th centuries, stretching from the Baltic Sea to the northern Ural Mountains, including the city of Novgorod and the Lake Ladoga regions of modern Russia. Citizens referred to their city-state as His Majesty (or Sovereign) Lord Novgorod the Great (Gosudař Gospodin Velikij Novgorod), or more often as Lord Novgorod the Great (Gospodin Velikij Novgorod). The Republic prospered as the easternmost port of the Hanseatic League.
The Life And Death Of Yuri Dolgorukiy
Yuri I Vladimirovich (Russian: Юрий Владимирович), known under his soubriquet Yuri Dolgorukiy (Russian: Юрий Долгорукий, literally Yuri the Long-Armed; also known in various accounts as Gyurgi, Dyurgi, or George I of Rus), (c. 1099 – 15 May 1157) was a Rurikid prince and founder of the city of Moscow. He reigned as Velikiy Kniaz (Grand Prince) of Kiev from September 1149 to April 1151 and then again from March 1155 to May 1157. Yuri played a key role in the transition of political power from Kiev to Suzdal following the death of his elder brother Mstislav the Great in 1132.
According to Vasily Tatishchev, Yuri was born in 1090 which would make him a son of Vladimir Monomakh's first wife Gytha of Wessex, a daughter of Harold Godwinson. However, according to the Testament of Vladimir Monomakh Gyurgi's mother died on May 7, 1107, while Gytha died on March 10 and probably in 1098. Thus, Yuri Vladimirovich could have been a son of his father's second wife Yefimia and been born between 1095/97 and 1102.
Although his birth date is uncertain, some chronicles report that Yuri's elder brother, Viacheslav, said to him: I am much older than you; I was already bearded when you were born. Since Viacheslav was born in 1083, this pushes Yuri's birth to c. 1099/1100.
There is also a version that has his son Andrei Bogolyubskiy being born around 1111. It is doubtful that Yuri was at that time younger than 16 or 17.
The question of Yuri's birthday remains open. The date can be approximated to sometime in the 1090s.
In 1108, Yuri was sent by his father to govern in his name the vast Rostov-Suzdal province in the north-east of Kievan Rus'. In 1121, he quarreled with the boyars of Rostov and moved the capital of his lands from that city to Suzdal. As the area was sparsely populated, Yuri founded many fortresses there. He established the towns of Ksniatin in 1134, Pereslavl-Zalesski and Yuriev-Polski in 1152, and Dmitrov in 1154. The establishment of Tver, Kostroma, and Vologda is also popularly assigned to Yuri.
In 1147, Yuri Dolgoruki had a meeting with Sviatoslav Olgovich in a place called Moscow. In 1156, Yuri fortified Moscow with wooden walls and a moat. Although the settlement probably existed earlier, Dolgoruki is often called The Founder of Moscow.
Struggle for Kiev
For all the interest he took in fortifying his Northern lands, Yuri still coveted the throne of Kiev. It is his active participation in the Southern affairs that earned him the epithet of Dolgorukiy, the long-armed. His elder brother Mstislav of Kiev died in 1132, and the Rus lands fell apart, as one chronicle put it. Yuri instantaneously declared war on the princes of Chernigov, the reigning Grand Prince and his brother Yaropolk II of Kiev, enthroned his son in Novgorod, and captured his father's hereditary principality at Pereyaslav of the South. The Novgorodians, however, betrayed him, and Yuri avenged by seizing their key eastern fortress, Torzhok.
In 1147, Dolgorukiy resumed his struggle for Kiev and two years later he captured it, but in 1151 he was driven from the capital of Rus by his nephew Iziaslav. In 1155, Yuri regained Kiev once again. His sudden death, however, sparked anti-Suzdalian uprising in Kiev. Yuri Dolgoruki was interred at the Saviour Church in Berestovo, Kiev, but his tomb is empty.
Marriages and children
The Primary Chronicle records the first marriage of Yuri on 12 January 1108. His first wife was a daughter of Aepa Ocenevich, Khan of the Cumans. Her paternal grandfather was Osen. Her people belonged to the Cumans, a confederation of pastoralists and warriors of Turkic origin.
His second wife Helena survived him and moved to Constantinople. Her paternity is not known for certain but Nikolay Karamzin was the first to theorise that Helena was returning to her native city. She has since been theorised to be a member of the Komnenos dynasty which ruled the Byzantine Empire throughout the life of Yuri. She has been tentatively identified with Helena Komnene, a daughter of Isaac Komnenos. The identification would make her a granddaughter of Alexios I Komnenos and Irene Doukaina.
Yuri had at least fifteen children. The identities of the mothers are not known for certain
Muscovites have cherished Yuri's memory as the legendary founder of city. His patron saint, Saint George appears on the coat of arms of Moscow slaying a dragon. In 1954, a monument to him designed by sculptor Sergei Orlov was erected on Moscow's Tverskaya Street, the city's principal avenue, in front of the Moscow municipality.
Dolgoruki's image was stamped on a medal In commemoration of Moscow's 800th anniversary, introduced in 1947.
The nuclear submarine Yuri Dolgoruki is named after him.
Tsar
Tsar (Old Church Slavonic: ц︢рь (usually written thus with a tilda) or цaрь) is a title used to designate certain European Slavic monarchs or supreme rulers. As a system of government in the Tsardom of Russia and Russian Empire, it is known as Tsarist autocracy, or Tsarism. The term is derived from the Latin word Caesar, which was intended to mean Emperor in the European medieval sense of the term - a ruler with the same rank as a Roman emperor, holding it by the approval of another emperor or a supreme ecclesiastical official (the Pope or the Ecumenical Patriarch) - but was usually considered by western Europeans to be equivalent to king, or to be somewhat in between a royal and imperial rank.
Occasionally, the word could be used to designate other, secular, supreme rulers. In Russia and Bulgaria the imperial connotations of the term were blurred with time, due to the medieval translations of the Bible, and, by the 19th century, it had come to be viewed as an equivalent of King.
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