Church of St. Jacob Cathedral

The Cathedral Basilica of St James the Apostle in Olsztyn, Poland.

The cathedral in the old town of Olsztyn with its massive tower is a nice example of Warmian

Best Attractions and Places to See in Olsztyn, Poland

Olsztyn Travel Guide. MUST WATCH. Top things you have to do in Olsztyn. We have sorted Tourist Attractions in Olsztyn for You. Discover Olsztyn as per the Traveler Resources given by our Travel Specialists. You will not miss any fun thing to do in Olsztyn.

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List of Best Things to do in Olsztyn, Poland.

Copernicus Bench
Lake Dlugie
Old Town
Central Park
The Planetarium in Olsztyn
Lesne Arboretum Warmii i Mazur
Municipal Beach
Church of St. Jacob Cathedral
Castle of Warmian Bishops in Olsztyn
Zwierzyniec Warminski

Antonio Lotti - Crucifixus

Olsztyn Chamber Choir Collegium Musicum performs Crucifixus by Antonio Lotti on June, 19th 2010 in St. Jacob's Cathedral Church in Olsztyn (Poland)

Charles-Marie Widor - Toccata z V Symfonii Organowej

Recital organowy Kamila Frąsia

Mielec, 2019
Kościół Matki Bożej Nieustającej Pomocy

Prelude in Classic style Gordon Young

Przy organach główna organistka katedry św. Jakuba w Olsztynie, Anna Bednarek

The organ plays Anna Bednarek , titular organist of the Cathedral of St. Jacob in Olsztyn ( Poland )

Informacje 17 12 18 godz 18 30 TVP3 Olsztyn

Motocross Olsztyn

MX Olsztyn Adam Kopcych 555 trening zima .

Prelude h-moll op.18 - Cesar Franck

Przy organach główna organistka katedry św. Jakuba w Olsztynie, Anna Bednarek

The organ plays Anna Bednarek , titular organist of the Cathedral of St. Jacob in Olsztyn ( Poland )

Feliks Nowowiejski, Beatrice, Op 17 No 1, Symphonic Poem (1903)

Feliks Nowowiejski, Beatrice, Op. 17 No. 1, Symphonic Poem (1903)

Opole Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra
Przemyslaw Neumann, conductor

Feliks Nowowiejski (Wartenburg, 7 February 1877 - Poznań, 23 January 1946) was a Polish composer, music teacher, conductor and organ virtuoso. He was the fifth of the eleven children of the couple Franciszek Nowowiejski and Katarzyna, b. Falk.
Nowowiejski already received lessons in piano, cello, horn, harmony, and especially organ at the monastery school Święta Lipka (1887-1893). He became a member of the military music chapel of the Prussian Grenadier Regiment in Olsztyn in 1893 and wrote works for orchestra, concert band and amateur associations. In 1898 he won a competition for marching compositions: The British Musician in London with his work Unter der Friedensflagge.

The associated prize money enabled him to study music theory, counterpoint, composition with Ernest Eduard Taubert, organ with Adolf Stemler and cello at the Julius Stern Conservatory in Berlin for six months in 1898. After his return he was from 1898 to 1900 organist at the St. Jacobus Cathedral in Allenstein, now: Olsztyn. He then studied Gregorian chant and polyphony for three months in 1900 at the High School of Church Music in Regensburg. He completed his studies with Max Bruch (composition), Otto Dienel and Joseph Renner (organ) at the Königlich Staatliche Musikhochschule in Berlin (1900-1906). At the same time he studied musicology with Max Friedlaender, Oskar Fleischer and Heinrich Bellermann and aesthetics with Max Dessoir at Friedrich-Wilhelms University in Berlin.

Thanks to a scholarship (Meyerbeer stipendium) he was able to make concert trips through Europe, Asia and Africa from 1902 to 1905. In Europe he visited Germany, the Czech Republic, Austria, Italy, France and Belgium. During these concert trips he came in contact with Antonín Dvořák, Gustav Mahler, Camille Saint-Saëns, Pietro Mascagni and Ruggero Leoncavallo.

After his studies he was a music teacher, teacher and choir conductor in Berlin (1905-1909). As a composer and conductor he collaborated with choirs of Polish emigrants and also received a lot of information about Polish culture, tradition and songs. From 1909 he also worked as a music teacher and teacher in Poznań, Krakow and Warsaw. In Krakow in 1914, he became director of the Krakowskiego Towarzystwa Muzycznego, the musical company. He was an important person in Krakow and Poznań and organized many musical events. Nowowiejski was known throughout Poland as an organ virtuoso and a great organ improviser and gave many concerts. From 1920 to 1927 he taught at the Ignacy Jan Paderewski Music Academy in Poznań. He was also conductor of the orchestra of this conservatory.

He wrote music for all genres. In addition to his well-known patriotic song Rota (Oath), originally entitled Grunwald, he acquired international fame mainly through his organ works. The best known of his oratorios is undoubtedly the Quo vadis, op.49 nr 3 with a performance time of more than 2 hours. This premiered in Amsterdam in 1909 and only had 200 performances until 1939.

The music on my channel is meant to introduce a large audience to music by unknown classical composers and unknown classical music by famous composers in the music period of about 1870 till about 1970.
The program presents works by relatively unknown composers and unknown music by well-known composers and has no commercial purposes.
Tens of thousands of people around the world learn about unknown music through our channel (educational task) and unite the people from the many countries who give their comments and reactions. If someone, for any reason, would deem that a video appearing in this channel violates the copyright, please inform us immediately before you submit a claim to YouTube, and it will be our care to remove immediately the video accordingly.

HISTORICAL PLACES OF POLAND IN GOOGLE EARTH PART ONE ( 1/9 )

EDM Detection Mode by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (
Source:
Artist:

1. AMPHITHEATRE,SWIEBODZICE 50°51'40.29N 16°19'37.10E
2. ST.NICHOLAS CHURCH,INOWROCLAW 52°47'37.19N 18°15'31.63E
3. CASTLE HILL,CIESZYN 49°45'5.37N 18°37'32.18E
4. CHURCH OF RESURRECTION,GDANSKU 54°23'5.79N 18°34'39.51E
5. MONUMENT FLORIAN STRASZEWSKI,KRAKOW 19°56'39.86E
6. BASLIKA OF ST. JAMES,OLSZTYN 53°46'33.53N 20°28'40.25E
7. THEATRE OF JULIUS SLOVAK,KRAKOWIE 50° 3'50.22N 19°56'35.07E
8. ST.JADWIGI CATHEDRAL,ZIELONA GORA 51°56'21.01N 15°30'26.33E
9. CATHEDRAL OF CHRIST,KATOWICE 50°15'6.01N 19° 1'8.12E
10. CASTLE MALBORK,MALBORK 54° 2'24.29N 19° 1'39.96E
11. BASTION IIIKLEPARZ,KRAKOW 50° 4'30.09N 19°56'16.50E
12. CASTLE REAL,WARSZAWA 52°14'51.68N 21° 0'53.17E
13. WATER TOWER,WROCLAW 51° 5'7.09N 17° 1'3.27E
14. ST.THERESA CHURCH,LODZ 51°46'41.44N 19°28'51.65E
15. ST.MARY CHURCH,LEGNICA 51°12'34.71N 16° 9'56.41E
16. TOWN HALL,GLIWICACH 50°17'38.36N 18°39'55.91E
17. CATHEDRAL OF JOHN BAPTIST&EVANGELIST,TORUN
53° 0'33.76N 18°36'22.71E
18. CHURCH,GRYFOW SLASKI 51° 1'45.17N 15°24'54.58E
19. BRAMA OPATOWSKA,SANDOMIERZ 50°40'53.51N 21°44'58.03E
20. CASTLE POMERANIAN,SZCZECIN 53°25'34.23N 14°33'36.73E
21. TOWN HALL&TOWER,CRACOW 50° 3'42.45N 19°56'14.34E
22. ST.JAMES CHURCH,SKIERNIEWICE 51°57'28.74N 20° 8'26.67E
23. WATER TOWER,MORAG 53°54'49.50N 19°55'24.41E
24. MYSLEWICKI PALACE,WARSAW 52°12'55.93N 21° 2'17.84E
25. GNIEZNO CHURCH,GNIEZNO 52°31'55.64N 17°35'39.62E
26. KAZIMIERZU TOWN HALL,KRAKOW 50° 2'55.45N 19°56'36.14E
27. TRABCZYN CHURCH,SETLEWEK POLA 52° 8'28.28N 17°57'32.75E
28. RZESZOW CASTLE,RZESZOW 50° 1'56.77N 22° 0'2.02E
29. SAINTS ERASMUS&PANCRAS,JELENIA GORA
50°54'11.68N 15°44'12.85E
30. CASTLE LUBLIN,ZAMKOWA 51°15'1.52N 22°34'21.05E

Charlie plays Widor’s Toccata at Pease Auditorium

Performed November 2019 at EMU Organ Studio Recital.

Poland | Top 10 Tourist Attractions in Poland

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Poland | Top 10 Tourist Attractions in Poland


Poland Destinations
Kraków
Gothic Wawel Castle & Jewish history

Warsaw
Wilanów Palace, Old Town & museums

Tatra Mountains
Gerlach, Kriváň, Rysy, skiing & hiking

Zakopane
Tatras Mountains & Zakopane-style homes

Wrocław
Centennial Hall & Panorama of Racławice

Gdańsk
Long Market, St. Mary'c Church & amber

Poznań
Old Market Square & Poznań Town Hall

Wieliczka
Wieliczka Salt Mine & Saltworks Castle

Sopot
Seaside pier, spas & the Crooked House

Toruń
Museums, monuments, theater, middle ages, and castles

Oświęcim
Auschwitz-Birkenau camp & Zamek Muzeum

Usedom
Seaside resorts and music festivals

Gdynia
Ship museums & Gdynia Aquarium

Malbork
Castles, middle ages, châteaus, museums, and palaces

Łódź
Museum of Textiles & Poznanski Palace

Karpacz
Skiing & 12th-century Wang Church

Tatra National Park, Poland
Big national park with hiking & wildlife

Białowieża Forest
European bison, forests, nature reserves, parks, and gray wolves

Lublin
Theater, open-air museums, gardens, churches, and monuments

Częstochowa
Monasteries, churches, sanctuary, museums, and castles

Hel
Kitesurfing, windsurfing, beaches, museums, and lighthouses

Katowice
Christ the King church & Silesian Museum

Szczecin
Chrobry Embankment & St. James Cathedral

Świnoujście
Museum of Sea Fishery & a lighthouse

Jelenia Góra
Palaces, castles, churches, concerts, and theater

High Tatras
Hiking, mountain, ski resort, waterfall, and lake

Szczawnica
Skiing, rafting, nature reserves, ski resorts, and monasteries

Szklarska Poręba
Waterfalls, skiing, amusement parks, sports, and castles

Łeba
Beaches, lighthouses, amusement parks, marinas, and deserts

Zamość
Renaissance, synagogues, museums, town hall, and zoos

Kazimierz Dolny
Renaissance, castles, synagogues, painting, and skiing

Słowiński National Park
Huge shifting sand dunes & Łebsko Lake

Krynica-Zdrój
Skiing, concerts, mountains, sports, and ski resorts

Kołobrzeg
St. Mary’s Basilica & Kołobrzeg Pier

Karkonosze National Park
Park, waterfall, nature reserve, and mountain

Olsztyn
Theater, lakes, planetariums, monuments, and mixed martial arts

Kłodzko
Castles, mountains, churches, and museums

Kudowa-Zdrój
Mineral waters & Skull Chapel's bones

Bieszczady National Park
Park, eurasian lynx, european bison, nature reserve, and forest

Kościelisko
Skiing, mountains, caves, and winter sports

Władysławowo
Amusement parks, sports, and beaches

Ojców
Castles, caves, ruins, and parks

Sandomierz
Castles, churches, renaissance, museums, and vineyards

Białystok
Theater, markets, shopping, churches, and palaces

Białowieża
Open-air museums, european bison, parks, forests, and palaces

Niedzica
Castles, lakes, and châteaus

Beskids
Mountain, ski resort, cave, forest, and mountain biking

Wadowice
Basilicas, churches, monasteries, museums, and monuments

Pope to Visit Czestochowa - Perspectives Daily

Pope Francis meets with the President of Poland and reveals his travel plans for this summer. The Angelus address takes an unexpected turn, Pope Francis travels to Florence, and Asia Bibi gets support from the European Union.

Nicolaus Copernicus | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Nicolaus Copernicus

Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:


You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:




The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates



SUMMARY
=======
Nicolaus Copernicus (; Polish: Mikołaj Kopernik; German: Nikolaus Kopernikus; Niklas Koppernigk; 19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance-era mathematician and astronomer who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe, in all likelihood independently of Aristarchus of Samos, who had formulated such a model some eighteen centuries earlier.The publication of Copernicus' model in his book De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres), just before his death in 1543, was a major event in the history of science, triggering the Copernican Revolution and making a pioneering contribution to the Scientific Revolution.Copernicus was born and died in Royal Prussia, a region that had been part of the Kingdom of Poland since 1466. A polyglot and polymath, he obtained a doctorate in canon law and was also a mathematician, astronomer, physician, classics scholar, translator, governor, diplomat, and economist. In 1517 he derived a quantity theory of money – a key concept in economics – and in 1519 he formulated an economic principle that later came to be called Gresham's law.

Russian Orthodox Church | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Russian Orthodox Church

Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:


You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:




The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates



SUMMARY
=======
The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC; Russian: Ру́сская правосла́вная це́рковь, tr. Rússkaya pravoslávnaya tsérkov), alternatively legally known as the Moscow Patriarchate (Russian: Моско́вский патриарха́т, tr. Moskóvskiy patriarkhát), is one of the autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Christian churches, since 15 October 2018 not in communion with the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. The Primate of the ROC is the Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus'. The ROC, as well as the primate thereof, officially ranks fifth in the Orthodox order of precedence, immediately below the four ancient Patriarchates of the Greek Orthodox Church, those of Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem. The official Christianization of Kievan Rus' widely seen as the birth of the ROC is believed to have occurred in 988 through the baptism of the Kievan prince Vladimir and his people by the clergy of the Ecumenical Patriarchate whose constituent part the ROC remained for the next six centuries, while the Kievan see remained in the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate until 1686.
The ROC currently claims its exclusive jurisdiction over the Orthodox Christians, irrespective of their ethnic background, who reside in the former member republics of the Soviet Union, excluding Georgia and Armenia, although this claim is disputed in such countries as Estonia, Moldova and Ukraine and consequently parallel canonical Orthodox jurisdictions exist in those: Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church and Metropolis of Bessarabia, respectively. It also exercises ecclesiastical jurisdiction over the autonomous Church of Japan and the Orthodox Christians resident in the People's Republic of China. The ROC branches in Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Moldova and Ukraine since the 1990s enjoy various degrees of self-government, albeit short of the status of formal ecclesiastical autonomy. In Ukraine, ROC (represented by the Ukrainian Orthodox Church) has tensions with schismatic groups supported by the current government. The debate over recognition of the Orthodox church in Ukraine as autocephalous has caused tension between the Russian Church and the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople.The ROC should not be confused with the Orthodox Church in America (OCA), another autocephalous Orthodox Church (since 1970, albeit not universally recognised in this status), that traces its existence in North America to the time of the Russian missionaries in Alaska (then part of the Russian Empire) in the late 18th century, and still adheres to the ROC liturgical tradition.
The ROC should also not be confused with the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia (also known as the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad, or ROCOR), headquartered in New York, New York, U.S.A. The ROCOR was instituted in the 1920s by Russian communities outside then Communist Russia, which refused to recognize the authority of the Moscow Patriarchate then de facto headed by Metropolitan Sergius Stragorodsky. The two Churches reconciled on May 17, 2007; the ROCOR is now a self-governing part of the Russian Orthodox Church.

Copernicus | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:



00:01:21 1 Life
00:02:34 1.1 Father's family
00:04:45 1.2 Mother's family
00:08:01 1.3 Languages
00:09:15 1.4 Name
00:11:15 1.5 Education
00:11:24 1.5.1 In Poland
00:16:15 1.5.2 In Italy
00:22:28 1.6 Planetary observations
00:23:10 1.7 Work
00:38:00 1.8 Heliocentrism
00:40:36 1.9 The book
00:42:33 1.10 Death
00:45:20 2 Copernican system
00:45:29 2.1 Predecessors
00:52:50 2.2 Copernicus
00:55:59 2.3 Successors
00:58:58 3 Controversy
00:59:46 3.1 Tolosani
01:05:56 3.2 Theology
01:12:09 3.3 Ingoli
01:16:47 3.4 Galileo
01:17:57 4 Nationality
01:21:58 5 Commemoration
01:22:07 5.1 Copernicia
01:22:31 5.2 Copernicium
01:23:23 5.3 55 Cancri A
01:23:54 5.4 Veneration
01:24:13 5.5 Wrocław
01:24:30 5.6 Influence
01:25:03 6 See also



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:

Other Wikipedia audio articles at:

Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:

Speaking Rate: 0.9724108423553308
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-C


I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates


SUMMARY
=======
Nicolaus Copernicus (; Polish: Mikołaj Kopernik; German: Nikolaus Kopernikus; Niklas Koppernigk; 19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance-era mathematician and astronomer from Poland, who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe, in all likelihood independently of Aristarchus of Samos, who had formulated such a model some eighteen centuries earlier.The publication of Copernicus' model in his book De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres), just before his death in 1543, was a major event in the history of science, triggering the Copernican Revolution and making a pioneering contribution to the Scientific Revolution.Copernicus was born and died in Royal Prussia, a region that had been part of the Kingdom of Poland since 1466. A polyglot and polymath, he obtained a doctorate in canon law and was also a mathematician, astronomer, physician, classics scholar, translator, governor, diplomat, and economist. In 1517 he derived a quantity theory of money—a key concept in economics—and in 1519 he formulated an economic principle that later came to be called Gresham's law.

Richmond, Virginia | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:



00:03:14 1 History
00:03:23 1.1 Colonial era
00:04:19 1.2 Revolution
00:05:17 1.3 Early United States
00:08:04 1.4 Civil War
00:12:57 1.5 Postbellum
00:14:23 1.6 20th century
00:17:56 2 Geography and climate
00:19:37 2.1 Cityscape
00:23:23 2.2 Climate
00:27:59 3 Demographics
00:31:44 3.1 Crime
00:33:59 3.2 Religion
00:40:42 4 Economy
00:45:40 4.1 Fortune 500 companies and other large corporations
00:48:28 4.2 Poverty
00:49:22 5 Arts and culture
00:49:31 5.1 Museums and monuments
00:53:19 5.2 Visual and performing arts
00:54:05 5.2.1 Murals
00:54:23 5.2.2 Professional performing companies
00:57:50 5.2.3 Other venues and companies
01:02:07 5.3 Literary arts
01:03:33 5.4 Architecture
01:09:12 5.5 Historic districts
01:10:05 5.6 Food
01:10:39 6 Parks and outdoor recreation
01:14:38 7 Sports
01:18:11 8 Media
01:20:06 9 Government and politics
01:23:55 10 Education
01:25:15 10.1 Colleges and universities
01:26:32 11 Infrastructure
01:26:42 11.1 Transportation
01:30:22 11.2 Major highways
01:30:30 11.3 Utilities
01:32:53 12 International relations
01:33:03 12.1 Sister cities
01:33:33 13 See also



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:

Other Wikipedia audio articles at:

Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:

Speaking Rate: 0.90601071634439
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-D


I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates


SUMMARY
=======
Richmond () is the capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. It is the center of the Richmond Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) and the Greater Richmond Region. Richmond was incorporated in 1742 and has been an independent city since 1871.
As of the 2010 census, the city's population was 204,214; in 2016, the population was estimated to be 223,170, making Richmond the fourth-most populous city in Virginia. The Richmond Metropolitan Area has a population of 1,260,029, the third-most populous metro in the state.
Richmond is located at the fall line of the James River, 44 miles (71 km) west of Williamsburg, 66 miles (106 km) east of Charlottesville, 100 miles (160 km) east of Lynchburg and 98 miles (158 km) south of Washington, D.C. Surrounded by Henrico and Chesterfield counties, the city is located at the intersections of Interstate 95 and Interstate 64, and encircled by Interstate 295 and Virginia State Route 288. Major suburbs include Midlothian to the southwest, Chesterfield to the south, Varina to the southeast, Sandston to the east, Glen Allen to the north and west, Short Pump to the west and Mechanicsville to the northeast.
The site of Richmond had been an important village of the Powhatan Confederacy, and was briefly settled by English colonists from Jamestown in 1609, and in 1610–1611. The present city of Richmond was founded in 1737. It became the capital of the Colony and Dominion of Virginia in 1780, replacing Williamsburg. During the Revolutionary War period, several notable events occurred in the city, including Patrick Henry's Give me liberty or give me death speech in 1775 at St. John's Church, and the passage of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom written by Thomas Jefferson. During the American Civil War, Richmond served as the second and permanent capital of the Confederate States of America. The city entered the 20th century with one of the world's first successful electric streetcar systems. The Jackson Ward neighborhood is a national hub of African-American commerce and culture.
Richmond's economy is primarily driven by law, finance, and government, with federal, state, and local governmental agencies, as well as notable legal and banking firms, located in the downtown area. The city is home to both the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, one of 13 United States courts of appeals, and the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, one of 12 Federal Reserve Banks. Dominion Energy and WestRock, Fortune 500 companies, are headquartered in the city, with others in the metropolitan area.