Pontine Islands - Italy
The Pontine Islands are an archipelago in the Tyrrhenian Sea off the west coast of Italy. The islands were collectively named after the largest island in the group, Ponza. The other islands in the archipelago are Palmarola, Zannone, and Gavi to the northwest, Ventotene and Santo Stefano to the southeast. These two groups are separed by 22 nautical miles. From Sabaudia-Cape Circeo peninsula to Zannone the distance is 12 nautical miles, while Ventotene faces Gaeta (21 miles). The minimum distance between Santo Stefano and the isle of Ischia is 22 nautical miles.
The archipelago is the result of volcanic activity and has been inhabited for thousands of years. Neolithic artifacts and Bronze Age obsidians have been excavated on the islands. The islands were used by the Etruscans who carved the Blue Grottos. The earliest recorded history of the islands occurs with the Roman victory over the Volsci at 338 BC. According to a local legend, this was once the lost Kingdom of Tyrrhenia which sank with a narrow strip connected to mainland Italy.
During the reign of Rome's Caesar Augustus, residential expansion on the islands was encouraged and people spread from Ponza to Ventotene. Rome used the two islands as a retreat and a place to exile politically troubling citizens. Some two thousands years later the islands were used for the same reason by the Fascist regime.
The Pontine were abandoned during the Middle Ages due to constant raids by Saracens and pirates. During the 18th century, the Kingdom of Naples re-colonized the islands, and they later became part of the Kingdom of Italy.
Ponza and Ventotene are populated, while the smaller islands are not. Ventotene and Santo Stefano are land and sea conservation areas supervised by the Italian State.
Currently, tiny vineyards, wild herbs and flowers, and secluded beaches and grottos make them a popular tourist destination. ( source Wikipedia )
Rome City | Amazing places in Italy | Top beautiful places in Italy
Rome (/ˈroʊm/; Italian: Roma pronounced [ˈroːma] ( listen); Latin: Rōma) is a city and special comune (named Roma Capitale) in Italy. Rome is the capital of Italy and also of the Province of Rome and of the region of Lazio. With 2.9 million residents in 1,285.3 km2 (496.3 sq mi), it is also the country's largest and most populated comune and fourth-most populous city in the European Union by population within city limits. The urban area of Rome extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 3.8 million.[2] Between 3.2 and 4.2 million people live in Rome metropolitan area.[3][4][5][6][7] The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, within Lazio (Latium), along the shores of Tiber river. Vatican City is an independent country within the city boundaries of Rome, the only existing example of a country within a city: for this reason Rome has been often defined as capital of two states.[8][9] More info visit:
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Surf Sperlonga - Italy
Spot: Sperlonga beach, Italy.
Surfer: Diego Gogna
blog: diegosurftrip.blogspot.com
L'ISOLA DI PONZA
riprese di Marco Petruzzelli
tvreporter.it
Ponza è la maggiore delle Isole Ponziane (il cui arcipelago comprende anche le isole di Gavi, Zannone, Palmarola, Ventotene e Santo Stefano) ed è situata nel Golfo di Gaeta (nel Mar Tirreno), 21 miglia nautiche a sud di Capo Circeo. Appartiene alla provincia di Latina, nel Lazio. Ponza ha una superficie di 7,5 km² ed è quasi completamente montuosa: sovrastata al centro dai monti Core (201 m), Tre Venti (177 m) e Pagliaro (177 m), raggiunge la massima altitudine con i 280 m del monte Guardia, posto all'estremità meridionale dell'isola. Le sue spiagge sono frastagliate e per lo più rocciose, composte da caolino e tufi, a dimostrazione (insieme con i numerosi crateri vulcanici spenti ma tutt'oggi riconoscibili) dell'origine vulcanica dell'isola. La presenza di grotte sottomarine e di scogliere richiamano ogni anno migliaia di appassionati subacquei, oltre ovviamente a bagnanti, che prediligono la celebre spiaggia di Chiaia di Luna (a sud-ovest), circondata da un'alta scogliera a picco sul mare. Famosi sono anche la Scogliera e i Faraglioni di Lucia Rosa, che prendono il nome dalla protagonista di una tragedia realmente accaduta nel XIX secolo. Lucia Rosa era una giovane donna di diciannove anni, innamorata di un misero contadino ma impedita a sposarlo per l'opposizione della famiglia: la ragazza, in preda alla disperazione, si suicidò gettandosi dall'alta scogliera, che venne ribattezzata in suo nome dagli abitanti del posto.
La forma dell'isola è stretta e allungata, e si estende dal Faraglione La Guardia, a sud, alla Punta dell'Incenso, a nord-est, che dà sulla vicina Isola di Gavi; quest'ultima è separata da Ponza da un braccio di mare di appena 120 metri.La vegetazione è tipicamente mediterranea, con prevalenza di agavi, fichi d'India e ginestre.
Ponza is the largest of the Italian Pontine Islands archipelago, located 33 km south of Cape Circeo in the Tyrrhenian Sea. It also the name of the commune of the island, a part of the province of Latina in the Lazio region.
The island was inhabited from neolithic through Roman times. According to local legends, Ponza was named after Pontius Pilate, Roman governor of Judea who tried Jesus of Nazareth for heresy. Pontius Pilate's family owned a grotto on Ponza, which is still named after him. The Pontius Pilate legend of Ponza's name has recently come into dispute amongst historians, because the name Pontia appears in Strabo's Geography. This pre-dates the birth of Pilate. It is not known if this is the same name as Ponza or a similar name. Pontia means Land of Bridges in Latin and Ponza has many natural arches and natural bridges, so that may be the origin of the name Pontia.
In ancient times the island was called Tyrrhenia. Legend says that Ponza is what is left of the lost island of Tyrrhenia. Ponza is said to have been connected to the mainland by a narrow strip of land, which sank into the sea with most of the island below the water, with the parts remaining above sea level. The same exact phenomena happened at Capri. According to legend, there was a large city on the ancient island. There has been significant archaeological progress recently that shows this may be true. For example, it was discovered that the harbor floor of nearby Pozzuoli had sunk and risen several times in the last 5,000 years, revealing sunken Roman temples.
Ponza was first colonised by Etruscans. The island was heavily forested with giant trees in ancient times, but the forest is gone and the trees are extinct and the hills are covered with man-made terraces. Most of these terraces are no longer being used to grow food and grapes and are falling apart, due to lack of maintenance. The tallest hill on the island, called Monte Guardia, still has the rotting stumps of the extinct giant trees over eight feet wide. Crops are grown on these terraces like grapes for wine and cactus pears and fig trees.
Ponza is also suspected to be the island of Aeaea in Homer's Odyssey, as the island of the Circe the sorceress, where her cave or grotto was. Today it is known as Grotta della Maga Circe on the west side of the island, between Capo Bianco and Chaia di Luna beach. She was said to have lived in this cave in the Winter months. Spending the Summer atop nearby Mount Circe on the Mainland of Italy. This is where the Circe turned Odysseus men into animals and cast her spell on and seduced him and lived with him for a over a year. On the west side of Ponza is the Grotta di Ulisse O Del Sangue, which means Cave of Ulysses of the Blood. The Grotto or cave is almost directly underneath the hill/peninsula called Il Belvedere, which has the Giardino Botanico Ponziano a botanical garden with a villa and the remains of a castle. These caves or grottos are popular destinations to visit by boat only.
Discover Rome - He's Assunto - Artisan work in a romantic village north of Rome
Lazio (pronounced [ˈlatt͡sjo], Latin: Latium), sometimes referred to in English as Latium, is one of the 20 administrative regions of Italy, situated in the central peninsular section of the country. With about 5.7 million residents and a GDP of more than 170 billion euros, Lazio is the third most populated region of Italy, and has the second largest economy of the nation. Its capital is Rome, capital and largest city of Italy.
Lazio comprises a land area of 17,236 km2 (6,655 sq mi) and it has borders with Tuscany, Umbria, and Marche to the north, Abruzzo and Molise to the east, Campania to the south, and the Tyrrhenian Sea to the west. The region is mainly flat and hilly, with small mountainous areas in the most eastern and southern districts.
The coast of Lazio is mainly composed of sandy beaches, punctuated by the headlands of Circeo (541 m) and Gaeta (171 m). The Pontine Islands, which are part of Lazio, lie opposite the southern coast. Behind the coastal strip, to the north, lies the Maremma Laziale (the continuation of Tuscan Maremma), a costal plain interrupted at Civitavecchia by the Tolfa Mountains (616 m). The central section of the region is occupied by the Roman Campagna, a vast alluvial plain surrounding the city of Rome, with an area of approximately 2,100 km2 (811 sq mi). The southern districts are characterized by the flatlands of Agro Pontino, a once swampy and malarial area, that was reclaimed over the centuries.
The Preapennines of Latium, marked by the Tiber valley and the Liri with the Sacco tributary, include on the right of the Tiber, three groups of mountains of volcanic origin: the Volsini, Cimini and Sabatini, whose largest former craters are occupied by the Bolsena, Vico and Bracciano lakes. To the south of the Tiber, other mountain groups form part of the Preapennines: the Alban Hills, also of volcanic origin, and the calcareous Lepini, Ausoni and Aurunci Mountains. The Apennines of Latium are a continuation of the Apennines of Abruzzo: the Reatini Mountains with Terminillo (2,213 m), Mounts Sabini, Prenestini, Simbruini and Ernici which continue east of the Liri into the Mainarde Mountains. The highest peak is Mount Gorzano (2,458 m) on the border with Abruzzo. Italian Lady in Rome
Lazio | Wikipedia audio article
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Lazio
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Lazio (UK: , US: ; Italian: [ˈlattsjo]; Latin: Latium) is one of the 20 administrative regions of Italy. Situated in the central peninsular section of the country, it has almost 5.9 million inhabitants – making it the second most populated region of Italy (after Lombardy and just a little ahead of Campania) – and its GDP of more than 170 billion euros per annum means that it has the nation's second largest regional economy. The capital of Lazio is Rome, which is also Italy's capital and the country's largest city.
Dune | Wikipedia audio article
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00:01:37 1 Formation
00:02:23 2 Aeolian dunes
00:02:33 2.1 Aeolian dune shapes
00:03:04 2.1.1 Barchan or crescentic
00:04:19 2.1.1.1 Transverse dunes
00:04:45 2.1.2 Seif or longitudinal dunes
00:06:49 2.1.3 Star
00:07:36 2.1.4 Dome
00:07:54 2.1.4.1 Lunettes
00:08:47 2.1.5 Parabolic
00:13:21 2.1.6 Reversing dunes
00:13:56 2.1.7 Draas
00:14:37 2.2 Dune complexity
00:15:42 2.3 Dune movement
00:16:26 2.4 Coastal dunes
00:20:17 2.4.1 Ecological succession on coastal dunes
00:22:43 2.5 Coastal dune floral adaptations
00:24:22 2.6 Nabkha dunes
00:24:45 3 Sub-aqueous dunes
00:26:09 4 Lithified dunes
00:27:06 5 Desertification
00:28:48 6 Conservation
00:29:46 7 Examples
00:29:55 7.1 Africa
00:32:23 7.2 Asia
00:33:27 7.3 Europe
00:35:05 7.4 North America
00:37:41 7.5 South America
00:38:37 7.6 Oceania
00:39:12 7.7 World's highest dunes
00:39:21 7.8 Sand dune systems
00:41:11 7.9 Extraterrestrial dunes
00:42:06 8 See also
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In physical geography, a dune is a hill of loose sand built by aeolian processes (wind) or the flow of water. Dunes occur in different shapes and sizes, formed by interaction with the flow of air or water. Most kinds of dunes are longer on the stoss (upflow) side, where the sand is pushed up the dune, and have a shorter slip face in the lee side. The valley or trough between dunes is called a slack.
An erg or sand sea is a large broad, flat area covered with wind-swept sand and/or dunes with little or no vegetation. Smaller areas are called dune fields.
Dunes occur in some deserts, inland and along some coasts. Some coastal areas have one or more sets of dunes running parallel to the shoreline directly inland from the beach. In most cases, the dunes are important in protecting the land against potential ravages by storm waves from the sea. Although the most widely distributed dunes are those associated with coastal regions, the largest complexes of dunes are found inland in dry regions and associated with ancient lake or sea beds. Dunes can form under the action of water flow (fluvial processes), and on sand or gravel beds of rivers, estuaries and the sea-bed.
The modern word dune came into English from French around 1790, which in turn came from Middle Dutch dūne.