Colonial Industrial Quarter

Bethlehem flooding

This video was uploaded from an Android phone.

Irene: The Morning After, Bethlehem PA, #5

From my Blackberry, this is what things looked like after we got outside today. This wondrous trek of exploration was followed by 3-4 hours of squeegee work and cleaning all the muck out of our garage.

Holy shit rain in Bethlehem PA

Holy S*it this was awesome

Funnel cloud over Bethlehem PA - June 30 2015

Huddled under the overhang at Wegman's as the storm passed just to the north of us.

Henry Clay Furnace: An Industrial Ghost Town

This is a video that shows what remains of an industrial ghost town and the Henry Clay Furnace in Chickies Rock County Park during a hike on 3/7/16.

The Henry Clay furnace, one of the first of the anthracite furnaces along the Susquehanna between Columbia and Marietta, was built in 1845 by Peter Haldeman, a prominent Columbia merchant. Haldeman purchased the land, consisting of nine acres with a “two story tavern house and a stable and other improvements” (Sheriffs Deed Book, 1841), at a sheriff’s sale of the estate of John Kelley. The tavern house, which dated to 1819 according to the extant tavern petitions, was apparently kept and utilized by Haldeman as the furnace manager’s house. The furnace changed hands several times after 1855, producing only sporadically until 1865 when, after a long period of idleness it was blown in again under the proprietorship of the firm Denney and Hess. Documentary evidence indicates that the former tavern house was then the residence for the furnace’s manager, John Q. Denney. In 1875 Clement Brooke Grubb purchased and renamed it St. Charles Furnace No. 2 (Grubb had built St. Charles Furnace No. 1, one and a quarter miles south along the river in 1854). In 1879 and 1880 he remodeled the furnace. Although the furnace was remodeled again in 1887, its production declined and it was abandoned in 1889.
The location of the furnace made early use of the canal for import of anthracite coal from northeastern Pennsylvania, and the road up Jones Hollow gave access to the local Chestnut Hill iron ore mines some six miles distant. Jones Creek furnished water for steam power, and local limestone quarries provided that material for flux. By the 1850’s the Pennsylvania Railroad’s Harrisburg, Portsmouth, Mount Joy and Lancaster line paralleling the canal linked the furnace to a larger transportation network.
The six-tenement house adjacent to the furnace was probably built by Haldeman around 1847. After the furnace shut down, the tenement was variously occupied in the early 20th century by railroad workers, employees at the stone crusher just north of the furnace, and other tenants until the early 1920’s when a fire made the structure uninhabitable.

Bethlehem 275th Anniversary Celebrity Scrimmage at PBS39

PBS39 was thrilled to be a part of this special afternoon, and to honor the city we have called home for 50 years; Bethlehem 275th Anniversary Celebration.

We hosted this unique taping inside of the PPL Public Media Center at PBS39: Scholastic Scrimmage: Bethlehem Celebrity Edition that pitted two teams of four important figures from our city’s history against each other to answer Bethlehem-related trivia.

Delaware & Lehigh Rivers, Post Irene

A panoramic view of where the Delaware & Lehigh Rivers meet in Easton, PA. The rapids you see are where the dam is supposed to be with the short waterfall. The water was moving very fast.

Hurricane Sandy

Hurricane Sandy Allentown, Pennsylvania

IG: @Dre_201
Twitter:@Dre_201

Mennonite | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Mennonite


00:02:46 1 Radical Reformation
00:06:32 2 Fragmentation and variation
00:10:38 3 Russian Mennonites
00:15:19 4 Jakob Ammann and the Amish schisms
00:16:02 5 North America
00:19:31 5.1 Moderate to progressive Mennonites
00:19:40 5.1.1 Old Mennonite Church (MC)
00:20:22 5.1.2 Mennonite Church USA
00:22:34 5.1.3 Mennonite Church Canada
00:23:27 5.2 Conservative Mennonites
00:24:17 5.3 Old Order Mennonites
00:24:59 5.4 Alternative service
00:27:16 5.5 Schisms
00:30:38 5.6 Schools
00:31:01 5.6.1 Secondary schools
00:31:20 5.6.1.1 Canada
00:31:51 5.6.1.2 United States
00:32:48 5.6.2 Controversy in Quebec
00:33:55 5.6.3 Post-secondary schools
00:34:04 5.6.3.1 Canada
00:34:43 5.6.3.2 United States
00:35:23 5.7 Sexuality, marriage, and family mores
00:37:32 6 Theology
00:39:58 7 Service projects
00:40:59 8 Worship, doctrine, and tradition
00:50:35 9 Membership
00:52:33 9.1 Organization worldwide
00:56:01 9.2 Organization: North America
00:58:10 9.3 Organization: Europe
01:01:02 10 In popular culture
01:01:56 11 See also
01:02:05 12 Notes
01:02:14 13 Further reading
01:04:49 14 External links



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:


You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:




The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates



SUMMARY
=======
The Mennonites are members of certain Christian groups belonging to the church communities of Anabaptist denominations named after Menno Simons (1496–1561) of Friesland (which today is a province of the Netherlands). Through his writings, Simons articulated and formalized the teachings of earlier Swiss founders. The early teachings of the Mennonites were founded on the belief in both the mission and ministry of Jesus, which the original Anabaptist followers held to with great conviction despite persecution by the various Roman Catholic and Protestant states. An early set of Mennonite beliefs was codified in the Dordrecht Confession of Faith in 1632, but the various groups do not hold to a common confession or creed. Rather than fight, the majority of these followers survived by fleeing to neighboring states where ruling families were tolerant of their belief in believer's baptism. Over the years, Mennonites have become known as one of the historic peace churches because of their commitment to pacifism.In contemporary 21st-century society, Mennonites either are described only as a religious denomination with members of different ethnic origins or as both an ethnic group and a religious denomination. There is controversy among Mennonites about this issue, with some insisting that they are simply a religious group while others argue that they form a distinct ethnic group. Historians and sociologists have increasingly started to treat Mennonites as an ethno-religious group, while others have begun to challenge that perception. There is also a discussion about the term ethnic Mennonite. Conservative Mennonite groups, who speak Pennsylvania German, Plautdietsch (Low German), or Bernese German fit well into the definition of an ethnic group, while more liberal groups and converts in developing countries do not.
There are about 2.1 million Anabaptists worldwide as of 2015 (including Mennonites, Amish, Mennonite Brethren, Hutterites and many other Anabaptist groups formally part of the Mennonite World Conference). Mennonite congregations worldwide embody the full scope of Mennonite practice from plain people to those who are indistinguishable in dress and appearance from the general population. Mennonites can be found in communities in at least 87 countries on six continents. The largest populations of Mennonites are to be found in Canada, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, India and the United States. There are German Mennonite colonies in Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Mexico, Uruguay, and Paraguay, who are mostly descendants of Plautdietsch-speaking Mennonites who formed as a German ethnic group in what is today Ukraine. Today, fewer than 500 Mennonites remain in Ukraine. A relatively small Mennonite presence, known as the Algemene Doopsgezinde Societeit, still con ...

PBS39 FOCUS Season 5: Episode 2

We focus on community and economic development. The United Nations eyes Bethlehem, PA as a world heritage site; one of the Lehigh Valley's busiest commuter corridors marks a special milestone; and partners aim to restore a downtown Allentown neighborhood one building at a time.

Philadelphia | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Philadelphia

Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:


You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:




The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates



SUMMARY
=======
Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the U.S. state and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and the sixth-most populous U.S. city, with a 2017 census-estimated population of 1,580,863. Since 1854, the city has been coterminous with Philadelphia County, the most populous county in Pennsylvania and the urban core of the eighth-largest U.S. metropolitan statistical area, with over 6 million residents as of 2017. Philadelphia is also the economic and cultural anchor of the greater Delaware Valley, located along the lower Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers, within the Northeast megalopolis. The Delaware Valley's population of 7.2 million ranks it as the eighth-largest combined statistical area in the United States.William Penn, an English Quaker, founded the city in 1682 to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony. Philadelphia played an instrumental role in the American Revolution as a meeting place for the Founding Fathers of the United States, who signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776 at the Second Continental Congress, and the Constitution at the Philadelphia Convention of 1787. Several other key events occurred in Philadelphia during the Revolutionary War including the First Continental Congress, the preservation of the Liberty Bell, the Battle of Germantown, and the Siege of Fort Mifflin. Philadelphia was one of the nation's capitals during the revolution, and served as temporary U.S. capital while Washington, D.C., was under construction. In the 19th century, Philadelphia became a major industrial center and a railroad hub. The city grew from an influx of European immigrants, most of whom came from Ireland, Italy and Germany—the three largest reported ancestry groups in the city as of 2015. In the early 20th century, Philadelphia became a prime destination for African Americans during the Great Migration after the Civil War, as well as Puerto Ricans. The city's population doubled from one million to two million people between 1890 and 1950.
The Philadelphia area's many universities and colleges make it a top study destination, as the city has evolved into an educational and economic hub. According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, the Philadelphia area had a gross domestic product of US$431 billion in 2016, the eighth-largest metropolitan economy in the United States. Philadelphia is the center of economic activity in Pennsylvania and is home to five Fortune 1000 companies. The Philadelphia skyline is expanding, with a market of almost 81,900 commercial properties in 2016, including several nationally prominent skyscrapers. Philadelphia has more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other American city. Fairmount Park, when combined with the adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park in the same watershed, is one of the largest contiguous urban park areas in the United States. The city is known for its arts, culture, cuisine, and colonial history, attracting 42 million domestic tourists in 2016 who spent US$6.8 billion, generating an estimated $11 billion in total economic impact in the city and surrounding four counties of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia has also emerged as a biotechnology hub.Philadelphia is the birthplace of the United States Marine Corps, and is also the home of many U.S. firsts, including the first library (1731), hospital (1751), medical school (1765), national capital (1774), stock exchange (1790), zoo (1874), and business school (1881). Philadelphia contains 67 National Historic Landmarks and the World Heritage Site of Independence Hall. The city became a member of the Organization of World Heritage Cities in 2015, as the first World Heritage City in the United States. Although Philadelphia is rapidly undergoing gentrification, the city actively maintains mitigation strategies to minimize displacement of homeowners in gentrifying neighborhoods.

German Americans | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:



00:02:44 1 History
00:03:29 1.1 Colonial era
00:04:49 1.1.1 Palatines
00:06:49 1.1.2 Louisiana
00:08:47 1.1.3 Southeast
00:10:49 1.1.4 New England
00:11:23 1.1.5 Pennsylvania
00:13:54 1.2 American Revolution
00:14:53 1.3 19th century
00:16:09 1.3.1 Jews
00:17:09 1.3.2 Northeastern cities
00:17:25 1.3.3 Cities of the Midwest
00:19:08 1.3.4 Deep South
00:19:22 1.3.5 Texas
00:21:29 1.3.6 Germans from Russia
00:24:18 1.3.7 Civil War
00:25:53 1.3.8 Farmers
00:28:05 1.3.9 Politics
00:30:20 1.4 World Wars
00:30:28 1.4.1 Intellectuals
00:31:41 1.4.2 World War I anti-German sentiment
00:33:56 1.4.3 World War II
00:35:47 1.5 Contemporary period
00:37:35 2 Demographics
00:38:17 2.1 German-American communities
00:38:47 2.1.1 Communities with highest percentages of people of German ancestry
00:40:45 2.1.2 Large communities with high percentages of people of German ancestry
00:41:38 2.1.3 Communities with the most residents born in Germany
00:45:22 3 Counties by percentages of Germans
00:54:17 4 Culture
00:55:39 4.1 Music
00:58:24 4.2 Turners
00:59:31 4.3 Media
01:02:03 4.4 Athletics
01:02:55 4.5 Religion
01:06:27 4.6 Language
01:09:01 5 Assimilation
01:09:10 5.1 Introduction
01:09:29 5.2 The apparent disappearance of German American identity
01:22:22 5.3 Factors making German Americans susceptible to assimilation
01:31:32 5.4 Persistence of unassimilated German Americans
01:34:12 6 German-American influence
01:38:24 7 Education
01:38:55 8 Notable people
01:42:46 8.1 German-American presidents
01:43:32 9 See also



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:

Other Wikipedia audio articles at:

Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:

Speaking Rate: 0.9867405261179203
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-C


I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates


SUMMARY
=======
German Americans (German: Deutschamerikaner) are Americans who have full or partial German ancestry. With an estimated size of approximately 44 million in 2016, German Americans are the largest of the self-reported ancestry groups by the US Census Bureau in its American Community Survey. German-Americans account for about one third of the total ethnic German population in the world.None of the German states had American colonies. In the 1670s, the first significant groups of German immigrants arrived in the British colonies, settling primarily in Pennsylvania, New York, and Virginia. Immigration continued in very large numbers during the 19th century, with eight million arrivals from Germany. Between 1820 and 1870 over seven and a half million German immigrants came to the United States. By 2010, their population grew to 49.8 million German Americans, reflecting a jump of 6 million people since 2000.
There is a German belt that extends all the way across the United States, from eastern Pennsylvania to the Oregon coast. Pennsylvania has the largest population of German-Americans in the U.S. and is home to one of the group's original settlements, Germantown (Philadelphia), founded in 1683 and the birthplace of the American antislavery movement in 1688, as well as the revolutionary Battle of Germantown. The state of Pennsylvania has 3.5 million people of German ancestry.
They were pulled by the attractions of land and religious freedom, and pushed out of Germany by shortages of land and religious or political oppression. Many arrived seeking religious or political freedom, others for economic opportunities greater than those in Europe, and others for the chance to start fresh in the New World. The arrivals before 1850 were mostly farmers who sought out the most productive land, where their intensive farming techniques would pay off. After 1840, many came to cities, where Germania—German-speaking districts—soon emerged.German Americans established the first kindergartens in the United States, introduced the Christmas tree tradition, and introduced popular foods such as hot dogs and hamburgers to America.The great majority of people with some German ancestry have become Am ...

Moravian Stars: Alumni Return & Learn

Moravian College Alumni learned about our famous Moravian Stars from Moravian Archives Assistant Archivist, Thomas J. McCullough.

FOLLOW MORAVIAN COLLEGE...
On the Web //
On Facebook //
On Twitter //
On Instagram //
On Snapchat //

Deep-Fried Butter at Musikfest

A new item at Musikfest for 2015, served at Plaza Tropical. August 8, 2015. Camera by Clair M. Freeman.

Philadelphia | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Philadelphia


00:04:08 1 History
00:15:16 2 Geography
00:15:25 2.1 Topography
00:17:21 2.2 Cityscape
00:17:29 2.2.1 City planning
00:20:03 2.2.2 Architecture
00:22:55 2.3 Climate
00:26:51 2.3.1 Air quality
00:28:17 3 Demographics
00:39:24 3.1 Religion
00:40:43 3.2 Languages
00:42:04 3.2.1 Dialect
00:43:00 4 Economy
00:46:32 5 Education
00:46:41 5.1 Primary and secondary education
00:49:06 5.2 Higher education
00:50:31 6 Culture
00:52:29 6.1 Arts
00:54:58 6.2 Music
00:57:23 6.3 Cuisine
00:59:01 7 Sports
01:03:37 8 Parks
01:04:35 9 Law and government
01:05:54 9.1 Courts
01:08:10 9.2 Politics
01:12:10 9.3 Crime
01:15:44 10 Media
01:15:52 10.1 Newspapers
01:17:39 10.2 Radio
01:19:11 10.3 Television
01:21:11 11 Infrastructure
01:21:20 11.1 Transportation
01:23:14 11.1.1 Airports
01:24:17 11.1.2 Roads
01:27:23 11.1.3 Bus service
01:28:07 11.1.4 Rail
01:29:48 11.1.5 Walk Score ranks
01:30:42 11.2 Utilities
01:34:27 12 Notable people
01:34:36 13 Sister Cities
01:36:14 14 Gallery
01:36:28 15 See also



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:


You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:




The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates



SUMMARY
=======
Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the U.S. state and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and the sixth-most populous U.S. city, with a 2017 census-estimated population of 1,580,863. Since 1854, the city has been coterminous with Philadelphia County, the most populous county in Pennsylvania and the urban core of the eighth-largest U.S. metropolitan statistical area, with over 6 million residents as of 2017. Philadelphia is also the economic and cultural anchor of the greater Delaware Valley, located along the lower Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers, within the Northeast megalopolis. The Delaware Valley's population of 7.2 million ranks it as the eighth-largest combined statistical area in the United States.William Penn, an English Quaker, founded the city in 1682 to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony. Philadelphia played an instrumental role in the American Revolution as a meeting place for the Founding Fathers of the United States, who signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776 at the Second Continental Congress, and the Constitution at the Philadelphia Convention of 1787. Several other key events occurred in Philadelphia during the Revolutionary War including the First Continental Congress, the preservation of the Liberty Bell, the Battle of Germantown, and the Siege of Fort Mifflin. Philadelphia was one of the nation's capitals during the revolution, and served as temporary U.S. capital while Washington, D.C., was under construction. In the 19th century, Philadelphia became a major industrial center and a railroad hub. The city grew from an influx of European immigrants, most of whom came from Ireland, Italy and Germany—the three largest reported ancestry groups in the city as of 2015. In the early 20th century, Philadelphia became a prime destination for African Americans during the Great Migration after the Civil War, as well as Puerto Ricans. The city's population doubled from one million to two million people between 1890 and 1950.
The Philadelphia area's many universities and colleges make it a top study destination, as the city has evolved into an educational and economic hub. According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, the Philadelphia area had a gross domestic product of US$445 billion in 2017, the eighth-largest metropolitan economy in the United States. Philadelphia is the center of economic activity in Pennsylvania and is home to five Fortune 1000 companies. The Philadelphia skyline is expanding, with a market of almost 81,900 commercial properties in 2016, including several nationally prominent skyscrapers. Philadelphia has more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other American city. Fairmount Park, when combined with the adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park in the same watershed, is one of the largest contiguous urban park areas in the United States. The city is known for its arts, culture, cuisine, and colonial history, attracting 42 mil ...

Philadelphia | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:



00:04:50 1 History
00:17:48 2 Geography
00:17:58 2.1 Topography
00:20:12 2.2 Cityscape
00:20:20 2.2.1 City planning
00:23:18 2.2.2 Architecture
00:26:37 2.3 Climate
00:31:12 2.3.1 Air quality
00:32:51 3 Demographics
00:45:48 3.1 Religion
00:47:19 3.2 Languages
00:48:52 3.2.1 Dialect
00:49:55 4 Economy
00:54:02 5 Education
00:54:11 5.1 Primary and secondary education
00:56:59 5.2 Higher education
00:58:38 6 Culture
01:00:53 6.1 Arts
01:03:46 6.2 Music
01:06:35 6.3 Cuisine
01:08:28 7 Sports
01:13:50 8 Parks
01:14:56 9 Law and government
01:16:26 9.1 Courts
01:19:04 9.2 Politics
01:23:43 9.3 Crime
01:27:50 10 Media
01:27:59 10.1 Newspapers
01:30:02 10.2 Radio
01:31:49 10.3 Television
01:34:08 11 Infrastructure
01:34:17 11.1 Transportation
01:36:28 11.1.1 Airports
01:37:41 11.1.2 Roads
01:41:16 11.1.3 Bus service
01:42:06 11.1.4 Rail
01:44:03 11.1.5 Walk Score ranks
01:45:04 11.2 Utilities
01:49:27 12 Notable people
01:49:37 13 Sister Cities
01:51:29 14 Gallery
01:51:44 15 See also



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:

Other Wikipedia audio articles at:

Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:

Speaking Rate: 0.8560520258377133
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-D


I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates


SUMMARY
=======
Philadelphia, sometimes known colloquially as Philly, is the largest city in the U.S. state and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and the sixth-most populous U.S. city, with a 2017 census-estimated population of 1,580,863. Since 1854, the city has been coterminous with Philadelphia County, the most populous county in Pennsylvania and the urban core of the eighth-largest U.S. metropolitan statistical area, with over 6 million residents as of 2017. Philadelphia is also the economic and cultural anchor of the greater Delaware Valley, located along the lower Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers, within the Northeast megalopolis. The Delaware Valley's population of 7.2 million ranks it as the eighth-largest combined statistical area in the United States.William Penn, an English Quaker, founded the city in 1682 to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony. Philadelphia played an instrumental role in the American Revolution as a meeting place for the Founding Fathers of the United States, who signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776 at the Second Continental Congress, and the Constitution at the Philadelphia Convention of 1787. Several other key events occurred in Philadelphia during the Revolutionary War including the First Continental Congress, the preservation of the Liberty Bell, the Battle of Germantown, and the Siege of Fort Mifflin. Philadelphia was one of the nation's capitals during the revolution, and served as temporary U.S. capital while Washington, D.C., was under construction. In the 19th century, Philadelphia became a major industrial center and a railroad hub. The city grew from an influx of European immigrants, most of whom came from Ireland, Italy and Germany—the three largest reported ancestry groups in the city as of 2015. In the early 20th century, Philadelphia became a prime destination for African Americans during the Great Migration after the Civil War, as well as Puerto Ricans. The city's population doubled from one million to two million people between 1890 and 1950.
The Philadelphia area's many universities and colleges make it a top study destination, as the city has evolved into an educational and economic hub. According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, the Philadelphia area had a gross domestic product of US$445 billion in 2017, the eighth-largest metropolitan economy in the United States. Philadelphia is the center of economic activity in Pennsylvania and is home to five Fortune 1000 companies. The Philadelphia skyline is expanding, with a market of almost 81,900 commercial properties in 2016, including several nationally prominent skyscrapers. Philadelphia has more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other American city. Fairmount Park, when combined with the adjacent ...

List of works about the Dutch East India Company | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:



00:07:29 1 Non-fiction
00:07:38 1.1 Books, dissertations and theses
00:07:49 1.1.1 General
00:24:47 1.1.2 Roles in economic, financial and business history
00:44:41 1.1.3 Science, technology, and culture in the VOC World
01:01:53 1.1.4 VOC military and political history
01:06:02 1.1.5 VOC maritime history (VOC in the Age of Exploration)
01:24:44 1.1.6 VOC historiography
01:27:47 1.1.7 VOC people
01:42:03 1.1.8 VOC in Europe
01:47:45 1.1.9 VOC in Africa
02:08:51 1.1.10 VOC in South and West Asia (including the Indian subcontinent)
02:30:42 1.1.11 VOC in Southeast Asia (including the East Indies)
02:44:53 1.1.12 VOC in East Asia
03:09:42 1.2 Journal articles, scholarly papers, essays, and book chapters
03:09:55 1.2.1 General history
03:42:39 1.2.2 Economic, financial and business history
04:35:09 1.2.3 Cultural and social history
05:29:40 1.2.4 Military and political history
05:54:16 1.2.5 Maritime history
06:12:14 2 Fiction
06:13:42 3 Audio
06:14:30 4 Video
06:15:16 5 Seminars and symposiums
06:15:42 6 Documentary
06:16:09 7 Film
06:16:27 8 Music
06:16:40 9 VOC World in visual arts
06:17:01 10 See also



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:

Other Wikipedia audio articles at:

Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:

Speaking Rate: 0.8284446142312462
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-C


I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates


SUMMARY
=======
The Dutch East India Company (Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie or VOC) is one of the most influential and best expertly researched companies/corporations in history. As an exemplary historical company-state, the VOC had effectively transformed itself from a corporate entity into a state, an empire, or even a world in its own right. The VOC World (i.e. networks of people, places, things, activities, and events associated with the Dutch East India Company) has been the subject of a vast amount of literature that includes both fiction and non-fiction works. VOC World studies is an international multidisciplinary field focused on social, cultural, religious, scientific, technological, economic, financial, business, maritime, military, political, legal, diplomatic activities, institutional organization, and administration of the VOC and its colourful world. Some of the notable VOC historians/scholars include Sinnappah Arasaratnam, Leonard Blussé, Peter Borschberg, Charles Ralph Boxer, Jaap Bruijn, Femme Gaastra, Om Prakash, Günter Schilder, and Nigel Worden.
In terms of global business history, the lessons from the VOC's success and failure are critically important. With a permanent capital base, the VOC was the first permanently organized limited-liability joint-stock company at the dawn of modern capitalism. As an early pioneering model of the modern corporation, the VOC was the first corporation to be ever actually listed on a formal stock exchange. In the early 1600s the VOC became the world's first formally listed public company (or publicly listed company) by widely issuing bonds and shares of stock to the general public. In many respects, modern-day publicly listed multinational corporations (including Forbes Global 2000 companies) are all 'descendants' of the 17th-century VOC business model.
For almost 200 years of its existence (1602–1800), the Company played crucial roles in business, financial, socio-politico-economic, military-political, diplomatic, legal, ethnic, and exploratory maritime history of the world. In the early modern period, the VOC was the driving force behind the rise of corporate-led globalization, corporate power, corporate identity, corporate culture, corporate social responsibility, corporate governance, corporate finance, corporate capitalism, and finance capitalism. It was the VOC's institutional innovations and business practices that laid the foundations for the rise of giant global corporations to become a highly significant and formidable socio-politico-economic force of the modern world as we know it today ...

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania


00:04:07 1 History
00:15:14 2 Geography
00:15:23 2.1 Topography
00:17:18 2.2 Cityscape
00:17:27 2.2.1 City planning
00:20:00 2.2.2 Architecture
00:22:50 2.3 Climate
00:26:46 2.3.1 Air quality
00:28:12 3 Demographics
00:39:12 3.1 Religion
00:40:31 3.2 Languages
00:41:51 3.2.1 Dialect
00:42:46 4 Economy
00:46:18 5 Education
00:46:27 5.1 Primary and secondary education
00:48:52 5.2 Higher education
00:50:17 6 Culture
00:52:14 6.1 Arts
00:54:43 6.2 Music
00:57:08 6.3 Cuisine
00:58:46 7 Sports
01:03:21 8 Parks
01:04:18 9 Law and government
01:05:37 9.1 Courts
01:07:53 9.2 Politics
01:11:52 9.3 Crime
01:15:23 10 Media
01:15:32 10.1 Newspapers
01:17:18 10.2 Radio
01:18:50 10.3 Television
01:20:49 11 Infrastructure
01:20:58 11.1 Transportation
01:22:51 11.1.1 Airports
01:23:54 11.1.2 Roads
01:27:00 11.1.3 Bus service
01:27:43 11.1.4 Rail
01:29:25 11.1.5 Walk Score ranks
01:30:18 11.2 Utilities
01:34:02 12 Notable people
01:34:12 13 Sister Cities
01:35:49 14 Gallery
01:36:03 15 See also



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:


You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:




The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates



SUMMARY
=======
Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the U.S. state and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and the sixth-most populous U.S. city, with a 2017 census-estimated population of 1,580,863. Since 1854, the city has been coterminous with Philadelphia County, the most populous county in Pennsylvania and the urban core of the eighth-largest U.S. metropolitan statistical area, with over 6 million residents as of 2017. Philadelphia is also the economic and cultural anchor of the greater Delaware Valley, located along the lower Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers, within the Northeast megalopolis. The Delaware Valley's population of 7.2 million ranks it as the eighth-largest combined statistical area in the United States.William Penn, an English Quaker, founded the city in 1682 to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony. Philadelphia played an instrumental role in the American Revolution as a meeting place for the Founding Fathers of the United States, who signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776 at the Second Continental Congress, and the Constitution at the Philadelphia Convention of 1787. Several other key events occurred in Philadelphia during the Revolutionary War including the First Continental Congress, the preservation of the Liberty Bell, the Battle of Germantown, and the Siege of Fort Mifflin. Philadelphia was one of the nation's capitals during the revolution, and served as temporary U.S. capital while Washington, D.C., was under construction. In the 19th century, Philadelphia became a major industrial center and a railroad hub. The city grew from an influx of European immigrants, most of whom came from Ireland, Italy and Germany—the three largest reported ancestry groups in the city as of 2015. In the early 20th century, Philadelphia became a prime destination for African Americans during the Great Migration after the Civil War, as well as Puerto Ricans. The city's population doubled from one million to two million people between 1890 and 1950.
The Philadelphia area's many universities and colleges make it a top study destination, as the city has evolved into an educational and economic hub. According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, the Philadelphia area had a gross domestic product of US$445 billion in 2017, the eighth-largest metropolitan economy in the United States. Philadelphia is the center of economic activity in Pennsylvania and is home to five Fortune 1000 companies. The Philadelphia skyline is expanding, with a market of almost 81,900 commercial properties in 2016, including several nationally prominent skyscrapers. Philadelphia has more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other American city. Fairmount Park, when combined with the adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park in the same watershed, is one of the largest contiguous urban park areas in the United States. The city is known for its arts, culture, cuisine, and colonial history, att ...