ΚΑΚΟΠΕΤΡΙΑ 2013
VLCC CYPRUS
???????? ???????? The Great Population Exchange between Turkey and Greece | Al Jazeera World
As part of the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923, Greece and Turkey agreed to uproot two million people in a massive population exchange, the lasting effects of which are still felt by some in both countries today. Only since the 1990s has it been possible for the 'exchangees' caught up in the upheaval and their families to visit what they see as their ancestral villages in Greece and Turkey.
Huseyin Selvi was forced out of Greece when he was five, but at the age of 97 he was able to travel in a group from Turkey to the village where he was born. The exchangees had to travel on foot, by train and by sea and many of the ships involved in this mammoth operation were full to overflowing. The elderly and the young especially suffered from the shocking travel conditions.
My mother had to throw my younger sister, who was three or four, into the sea. I don't remember it but that's what my mother told me, says Huseyin.
Numan Toker, a second generation exchangee, also travelled to the village in Greece his late mother was forced out of. It was my mother's last wish. Now I'll bring water from there, to her grave. I'll bring soil...She was longing to see it [village] again but never had the chance. I asked her if I could take her. She replied, Yes son, please. Would you really take me there? Of course, I said I would but it wasn't meant to be. We couldn't make it in the end, says a tearful Numan.
His ancestors had lived in Greece for 400-500 years, until the population exchange. Recalling his mother's stories, Numan says She cried, laughed and talked about what they used to do. The day they were called back to Turkey and were leaving, they left 500 sheep and their farmland behind. She even left dinner cooking on the stove. They left everything behind.
Population shifts occurred in the early twentieth century as old empires disintegrated and new nation states emerged. But these changes often raised complex questions of identity for the ordinary people caught up in them.
Greek Orthodox Christians and Muslims had lived together under Ottoman rule for centuries, though not always entirely peacefully. The Greek war of independence from the Ottomans was fought between 1821 and 1832 and the new state of Greece founded. This created tension which increased after the Balkan Wars of 1912 and 1913. Muslims remaining in Greece and the Balkans suffered discrimination and persecution, while Greek Orthodox Christians were expelled by the Ottomans from the Aegean region.
After the Ottoman defeat in World War One, the victorious allies maneuvered to divide up their former empire. This was resisted by the Turkish nationalists led by Mustafa Kamal Attaturk who fought the Turkish War of Independence between 1919 and 1923.
At Lausanne in Switzerland, all the parties sat round the conference table in 1922-23. Part of the resulting Treaty of Lausanne involved an agreement between Greece and Turkey to forcibly exchange around 1.5 million Greek Orthodox Christians and a lower number of Muslims in the largest population displacement of modern times.
When the exchangees arrived at their destinations, they often faced serious problems integrating into their new communities – and some of their social, housing and education problems have persisted.
Language was an immediate problem and exchangees like Nuriye Can who left Greece in 1923 for Turkey were all Greek-speakers. It was hard for the first generation to learn Turkish after having grown up with Greek as their native language.
I couldn't speak any Turkish when I got married, says Nuriye. My mother-in-law used to ask me why I spoke the language of an 'non-believer'. She asked, Why don't you speak your father's language? I did eventually learn Turkish.
There are now reciprocal visits by both Greek and Turks, as part of a cultural project supported by the European Union and the Foundation of Lausanne Treaty Emigrants.
I thought it was a debt of honour, a moral obligation to come and kiss the ground where my grandfathers were born, says Evangelia Kiortci who found her grandparents' village. They didn't make it, nor did my parents but I'm a third generation refugee, and I've come...They left for Greece and they've always had this sorrow. They had never had the chance to come back and walk on the same ground. I'm deeply moved.
For Dimitris Dayioglu, a visit to the Turkish village his grandmother was expelled from, was an equally emotional experience. My grandmother wanted very much to g
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Istanbul's Topkapi Palace in Turkey
ISTANBUL,TURKEY,Hagia Sophia Museum,Blue Mosque,Topkapi Palace,Grand Bazaar,Spice Bazaar,Dolmabahce Palace,Underground Cistern,Sema ceremony of the Whirling Dervishes,Galata Tower,Bosphorus,Princes' Islands,Sultanahmet ,Pera,Beyoglu,Taksim,ST. SOPHIE ,HIPPODROME ,THE MUSEUMS OF TURKISH ISLAMIC ART,SULEYMANIYE CAMII,ARCHEOLOGICAL MUSEUM,BEYLERBEYI PALACE,CHORA CHURCH,RUSTEM PASA MOSQUE,RUMELI FORTRESS,NIGHTLIFE,RESTAURANTS,Kariye Museum,Military Museum,The Covered Bazaar,The Spice or Egyptian
Bazaar,Blue Mosque,Eyup Mosque,Suleymaniye Mosque,Istanbul Toy Museum,Dogancay Museum ,Istanbul Modern Art Museum ,Sakip Sabanci Museum ,Rahmi Koc Museum,Pera Museum,Istanbul Byzantine Mosaic Museum ,Istiklal Street,Turkuazoo Aquarium,Camlica Hill,Kilyos (Beach),Caddebostan (Beach),Belgrade Forest - Belgrad Orman Bahcekoy,Emirgan Park,Ayasofya Museum,Eyup,Kanlica,Hidiv Pavilion,Jewish Museum of Turkey - Zulfaris Synagogue,Sehzade Mosque,Armenian Church of the Three Altars,Kumkapi,Cengelkoy,Rezan Has Museum,Polonezkoy,Arasta Bazaar,Fish Market - Balik Pazari,Rumeli Feneri - Rumeli Lighthouse,Yeni Cami - New Mosque,Aya Triada Greek Orthodox Church,Santral Istanbul,Bebek,Anadolu Feneri - Anadolu Lighthouse,Ataturk Cultural Centre,Beykoz,Cemal Resit Rey (CRR) Concert Hall,Taksim Square,Riva (Beach),Fenerbahce Saracoglu Stadium,Yeralti Camii- Underground Mosque,Kucuk Ayasofya - Little Hagia Sophia,Istanbul UFO Museum,Church of the Pantocrator - Zeyrek Cami,Ortakoy Mosque,Galerist,Yildiz Park,Anglican Church of Beyoglu,Yildiz Palace,Museum of Adam Mickiewicz,Garipce,Emirgan Park,1453 Panorama Museum,Pierre Loti Café,Istanbul Aviation Museum,Chora Church - Kariye Museum,Tophane,Anadolu Kavagi,Yedikule Fortress - Seven Towers,Church of St Stephen of the Bulgars,Museum of History of Science in Islam,Cemile Sultan Grove,Hagia Irene,Neve Shalom Synagogue,Uskudar,Galeri Nev,Kadikoy Bull Statue,Kadikoy on Asian Side,Maidens Tower - Kiz Kulesi
,Eminonu and Around,Hippodrome and Monuments,Great Palace Mosaics Museum,Gulhane Park,Princes' Islands Museum,Naval Museum,Eyup Sultan Mosque and Mausoleum,Tarabya,Sogukcesme Street,Eczacıbasi Virtual Museum,Sureyya Opera House,Caferaga Medresesi,Istanbul Aquarium,Ataturk Arboretum,Armenian Church of St. Gregory the Illuminator,Borusan Kultur Sanat,Harbiye Cemil Topuzlu Open Air Theatre,Haydarpasa Railway Station,Bosphorus Bridge,Aynalikavak Pavilion,Dolmabahce Mosque,Fatih Mosque,Turk Telekom Arena,Palace of the Porphyrogenitus - Tekfur Sarayi,Miniaturk Museum,Kucuksu Palace,Casa dell'Arte Art Gallery,Elgiz Museum of Contemporary Art,Rumeli Fortress,Galata Bridge,Anadolu Hisari - Anatolian Fortress,Turkcell Kurucesme Arena,1001 Columns Cistern - Binbirdirek Cistern,Sirkeci Railway Station,Sile,Istanbul Sapphire Observation Deck,St Anthony of Padua Catholic Cathedral,ARTER Istanbul,Istanbul Zoology Museum,Sakirin Mosque,Fountain of Ahmet III,Kilic Ali Pasha Mosque,Galata Mevlevi Monastery-Mevlevihane,Sokollu Mehmet Pasha Mosque,Museum of Painting and Sculpture,Kadikoy Fish Market,SALT,Kuzguncuk,Dolmabahce Inonu Stadium,Florence Nightingale Museum,Rustem Pasha Mosque,Sadberk Hanim Museum,Rahmi M Koc Museum,Ihlamur Pavillion,Beylerbeyi Palace,Istanbul Dolphinarium,Beyazit Square,Fener and Balat,Türvak Cinema and Theatre Museum and Art Library,Pammakaristos Church - Fethiye Mosque Museum,Valens Aqueduct,Kucukciftlik Park,Discovery Sphere Planetarium,Turkish-Islamic Arts Museum - Ibrahim Pasha Palace,Museum of Calligraphy,Ataturk Museum Istanbul,Ortakoy,Ahrida Synagogue, Cihangir, Karakoy, Sakip Sabanci Museum,Ural Ataman Classic Car Museum,Istiklal Street - Taksim,Mihrimah Sultan Mosque,Flower Passage - Cicek Pasaji,Atlas Passage,Kabatas,Hazzopulo - Hacopulo Passage, Million Stone,Riddim,Akbank Art Centre,Istanbul Park - F1 Circuit,Serpent Column-,Yildiz Hamidiye Mosque,Column of the Goths,Obelisk of Theodosius,Mihrimah Sultan Mosque,Sinan Erdem Dome,Walled Obelisk ,Arap Mosque,
Taksim Park,Ozgurluk Park,Sariyer,Suriye Passage,Dolmabahce Clock Tower,Aznavur Passage,Nuruosmaniye Mosque,Yavuz Selim Mosque,Monument of Liberty,Mihrabat Grove,Nevizade,Etiler,Beyazit Tower,El-Hamra Passage,Maslak Pavilion,Fethi Pasa Korusu (Grove),Suleymaniye Hamam,Yeni Valide Mosque,Ahmet III Fountain,Column of Constantine/Burnt Column,Greek Orthodox Patriarchate,CNR Expo Istanbul,Aksaray Valide Mosque,Nusretiye Mosque,
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Turkish bath Carofoley's photos around Sultanahmet, Turkey
Preview of Carofoley's blog at TravelPod. Read the full blog here:
This blog preview was made by TravelPod using the TripAdvisor™ TripWow slideshow creator.
Entry from: Sultanahmet, Turkey
Entry Title: Turkish bath
Entry:
First thing this morning I took tram across the Galata Bridge to the other side of the Golden Horn and explored the shopping district there. I had to take a very steep funicular type of train to reach the top of the hill and then I walked down the cobbled pedestrian road. Many of the shops were international chains so not very interesting. Walking back to the tram station, I walked down some steep paths and came across some lovely restaurants on the hillside.
I returned to the Eminonu district to have the fish bread lunch I had promised myself. It was nice but I don't think I'll rush to have it again as the fish was very strong and I stank of it for the rest of the day.
Later I visited the Basilica Cistern which was constructed in the 6th Century to hold the town water which came from the Belgrad Forest 19km away. It has 336 9m high marble columns arranged in 12 rows and measures 70 m by 140m. A couple of the columns feature Medusah heads which they believe were stolen from some other ancient monument somewhere. It is very atmospheric and feels like a sunken palace with all those marble columns. It was built to hold 80,000 cubic metres of water. When you consider how long ago it was built it is quite extraordinary. The water is now home to lots of fish, carp I think. It was beautifully cool in there and probably a nice place to live if you are a fish.
Then I visited the Museum of Turkish and Islamic arts which had a fascinating collection of Islamic art and antique carpets and was housed in the palace of Ibrahim Pasa, right hand man of Suleyman the Great.
Second to last on the list was a visit to the Blue Mosque, centre piece of Istanbul. However I arrived just at call to prayer time so I had to wait to be allowed in as infidels cannot visit the mosque during prayer time. The imam's call to prayer is quite haunting and I find I like to hear it. The Mosque was impressive but I have already visited so many mosques that the impact has gone. I cannot believe how many mosques there are here. Surely we don't have as many churches and certainly not as many churches which are as imposing as each and every mosque I have seen.
After all this walking and walking, my final quest for the day was to experience a turkish bath. I was persuaded not to go to one of the tourist ones as I was told that they would be too busy to pay me much attention. I went instead to one that the locals say they use. It was steaming hot inside and I was led to a little room with marble dados and white washed walls above and a dome on top of that. I was told to pour water over myself from the marble basins. Not much English was spoken by anyone there. I did as I was told and then thought I had been forgotten as I was left to do this for more than 15 minutes. However, eventually a woman arrived. She was singing a tuneless turkish song at the top of her voice and she indicated to me to lie down on a marble table. She proceeded to scrub me very hard with a very scratchy loofah and when this had been done she sudsed me up. There were bubbles everywhere. All the time she was continuing to sing this tuneless turkish song. By the end I was well and truly exfoliated and cleaned. This all took the best part of an hour. When I came out I did feel very clean and fresh and I was happy I had gone. It was quite an experience.
The last photo in this series is of a basin drain. They put mothballs in the drains. What for I am not sure? Perhaps they think that mothballs smell nice?
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Photos from this trip:
1. Cicek Passage built in 1870
2. Hilltop cafes
3. Hilltop cafes 2
4. Fish Bread
5. Fish Bread Barge where the fish is cooked
6. The Basilica Cistern - roof detail
7. The Basilica Cistern - pillars
8. The Basilica Cistern - Medusa's Head
9. The Blue Mosque
10. The Blue Mosque - outer archways
11. The Blue Mosque - minaret
12. The Blue Mosque - inside
13. The Blue Mosque - inside 2
14. The Blue Mosque - tile detail
15. The ubiquitous cat
16. Moth balls in basin
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First Thoughts On Turkey - 48 Hours in Istanbul
We are back in Istanbul, ready to spend an exciting 48 hours in this incredible Turkish city!
Our first stop is to meet up with some friends for breakfast before making our way over to the Grand Bazaar for some exploring and taste testing. We tried our first Turkish delight and Turkish coffee and wow they go so well together... you need to try them together!
Next up we went on a ferry ride to the Asian Continent which is still apart of Istanbul city - the only city in the world to be split across 2 continents. On our way back we made a stop over at Galata Tower to watch the sunset.
The next morning we got up bright and early to explore the Blue Mosque - the very first mosque we have ever been inside before one more sip of tea with the most insane view of the Hagia Sophia museum before checking into our new hotel so we can meet our Intrepid Travel crew.
Spots we visited:
* Breakfast - Van Kahlvalti
* The Grand Bazaar
* Turkish Coffee Spot - Sark Kahvesi
* Ferry to Asian side of Istanbul
* Galata Tower for sunset
* The Blue Mosque
* Seven Hills Hotel for Turkish tea and insane view of Hagia Sophia
Where we stayed: Golden Horn Istanbul -
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Hi, we are Stephen & Jess, Australian vloggers documenting our first year of leaving home and travelling around the globe. We want to inspire others to venture out, explore, take risks and go on our own adventure!!
We also run a travel, tech and lifestyle blog over at flyingthenest.tv if you want to see personal recounts, photography, tips & wanderlust inspiration from Flying the Nest.
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End credit song: Ticky Tacky by Biocratic:
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For list of full Camera Equipment we use -
Video Edited on Gigabyte Aero 15:
Timelapse: Istanbul
I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor (
Avcilar, the bright star of Istanbul
ISTANBUL,TURKEY,Hagia Sophia Museum,Blue Mosque,Topkapi Palace,Grand Bazaar,Spice Bazaar,Dolmabahce Palace,Underground Cistern,Sema ceremony of the Whirling Dervishes,Galata Tower,Bosphorus,Princes' Islands,Sultanahmet ,Pera,Beyoglu,Taksim,ST. SOPHIE ,HIPPODROME ,THE MUSEUMS OF TURKISH ISLAMIC ART,SULEYMANIYE CAMII,ARCHEOLOGICAL MUSEUM,BEYLERBEYI PALACE,CHORA CHURCH,RUSTEM PASA MOSQUE,RUMELI FORTRESS,NIGHTLIFE,RESTAURANTS,Kariye Museum,Military Museum,The Covered Bazaar,The Spice or Egyptian
Bazaar,Blue Mosque,Eyup Mosque,Suleymaniye Mosque,Istanbul Toy Museum,Dogancay Museum ,Istanbul Modern Art Museum ,Sakip Sabanci Museum ,Rahmi Koc Museum,Pera Museum,Istanbul Byzantine Mosaic Museum ,Istiklal Street,Turkuazoo Aquarium,Camlica Hill,Kilyos (Beach),Caddebostan (Beach),Belgrade Forest - Belgrad Orman Bahcekoy,Emirgan Park,Ayasofya Museum,Eyup,Kanlica,Hidiv Pavilion,Jewish Museum of Turkey - Zulfaris Synagogue,Sehzade Mosque,Armenian Church of the Three Altars,Kumkapi,Cengelkoy,Rezan Has Museum,Polonezkoy,Arasta Bazaar,Fish Market - Balik Pazari,Rumeli Feneri - Rumeli Lighthouse,Yeni Cami - New Mosque,Aya Triada Greek Orthodox Church,Santral Istanbul,Bebek,Anadolu Feneri - Anadolu Lighthouse,Ataturk Cultural Centre,Beykoz,Cemal Resit Rey (CRR) Concert Hall,Taksim Square,Riva (Beach),Fenerbahce Saracoglu Stadium,Yeralti Camii- Underground Mosque,Kucuk Ayasofya - Little Hagia Sophia,Istanbul UFO Museum,Church of the Pantocrator - Zeyrek Cami,Ortakoy Mosque,Galerist,Yildiz Park,Anglican Church of Beyoglu,Yildiz Palace,Museum of Adam Mickiewicz,Garipce,Emirgan Park,1453 Panorama Museum,Pierre Loti Café,Istanbul Aviation Museum,Chora Church - Kariye Museum,Tophane,Anadolu Kavagi,Yedikule Fortress - Seven Towers,Church of St Stephen of the Bulgars,Museum of History of Science in Islam,Cemile Sultan Grove,Hagia Irene,Neve Shalom Synagogue,Uskudar,Galeri Nev,Kadikoy Bull Statue,Kadikoy on Asian Side,Maidens Tower - Kiz Kulesi
,Eminonu and Around,Hippodrome and Monuments,Great Palace Mosaics Museum,Gulhane Park,Princes' Islands Museum,Naval Museum,Eyup Sultan Mosque and Mausoleum,Tarabya,Sogukcesme Street,Eczacıbasi Virtual Museum,Sureyya Opera House,Caferaga Medresesi,Istanbul Aquarium,Ataturk Arboretum,Armenian Church of St. Gregory the Illuminator,Borusan Kultur Sanat,Harbiye Cemil Topuzlu Open Air Theatre,Haydarpasa Railway Station,Bosphorus Bridge,Aynalikavak Pavilion,Dolmabahce Mosque,Fatih Mosque,Turk Telekom Arena,Palace of the Porphyrogenitus - Tekfur Sarayi,Miniaturk Museum,Kucuksu Palace,Casa dell'Arte Art Gallery,Elgiz Museum of Contemporary Art,Rumeli Fortress,Galata Bridge,Anadolu Hisari - Anatolian Fortress,Turkcell Kurucesme Arena,1001 Columns Cistern - Binbirdirek Cistern,Sirkeci Railway Station,Sile,Istanbul Sapphire Observation Deck,St Anthony of Padua Catholic Cathedral,ARTER Istanbul,Istanbul Zoology Museum,Sakirin Mosque,Fountain of Ahmet III,Kilic Ali Pasha Mosque,Galata Mevlevi Monastery-Mevlevihane,Sokollu Mehmet Pasha Mosque,Museum of Painting and Sculpture,Kadikoy Fish Market,SALT,Kuzguncuk,Dolmabahce Inonu Stadium,Florence Nightingale Museum,Rustem Pasha Mosque,Sadberk Hanim Museum,Rahmi M Koc Museum,Ihlamur Pavillion,Beylerbeyi Palace,Istanbul Dolphinarium,Beyazit Square,Fener and Balat,Türvak Cinema and Theatre Museum and Art Library,Pammakaristos Church - Fethiye Mosque Museum,Valens Aqueduct,Kucukciftlik Park,Discovery Sphere Planetarium,Turkish-Islamic Arts Museum - Ibrahim Pasha Palace,Museum of Calligraphy,Ataturk Museum Istanbul,Ortakoy,Ahrida Synagogue, Cihangir, Karakoy, Sakip Sabanci Museum,Ural Ataman Classic Car Museum,Istiklal Street - Taksim,Mihrimah Sultan Mosque,Flower Passage - Cicek Pasaji,Atlas Passage,Kabatas,Hazzopulo - Hacopulo Passage, Million Stone,Riddim,Akbank Art Centre,Istanbul Park - F1 Circuit,Serpent Column-,Yildiz Hamidiye Mosque,Column of the Goths,Obelisk of Theodosius,Mihrimah Sultan Mosque,Sinan Erdem Dome,Walled Obelisk ,Arap Mosque,
Taksim Park,Ozgurluk Park,Sariyer,Suriye Passage,Dolmabahce Clock Tower,Aznavur Passage,Nuruosmaniye Mosque,Yavuz Selim Mosque,Monument of Liberty,Mihrabat Grove,Nevizade,Etiler,Beyazit Tower,El-Hamra Passage,Maslak Pavilion,Fethi Pasa Korusu (Grove),Suleymaniye Hamam,Yeni Valide Mosque,Ahmet III Fountain,Column of Constantine/Burnt Column,Greek Orthodox Patriarchate,CNR Expo Istanbul,Aksaray Valide Mosque,Nusretiye Mosque,
Hagia Sophia Mosque in Istanbul
ISTANBUL,TURKEY,Hagia Sophia Museum,Blue Mosque,Topkapi Palace,Grand Bazaar,Spice Bazaar,Dolmabahce Palace,Underground Cistern,Sema ceremony of the Whirling Dervishes,Galata Tower,Bosphorus,Princes' Islands,Sultanahmet ,Pera,Beyoglu,Taksim,ST. SOPHIE ,HIPPODROME ,THE MUSEUMS OF TURKISH ISLAMIC ART,SULEYMANIYE CAMII,ARCHEOLOGICAL MUSEUM,BEYLERBEYI PALACE,CHORA CHURCH,RUSTEM PASA MOSQUE,RUMELI FORTRESS,NIGHTLIFE,RESTAURANTS,Kariye Museum,Military Museum,The Covered Bazaar,The Spice or Egyptian
Bazaar,Blue Mosque,Eyup Mosque,Suleymaniye Mosque,Istanbul Toy Museum,Dogancay Museum ,Istanbul Modern Art Museum ,Sakip Sabanci Museum ,Rahmi Koc Museum,Pera Museum,Istanbul Byzantine Mosaic Museum ,Istiklal Street,Turkuazoo Aquarium,Camlica Hill,Kilyos (Beach),Caddebostan (Beach),Belgrade Forest - Belgrad Orman Bahcekoy,Emirgan Park,Ayasofya Museum,Eyup,Kanlica,Hidiv Pavilion,Jewish Museum of Turkey - Zulfaris Synagogue,Sehzade Mosque,Armenian Church of the Three Altars,Kumkapi,Cengelkoy,Rezan Has Museum,Polonezkoy,Arasta Bazaar,Fish Market - Balik Pazari,Rumeli Feneri - Rumeli Lighthouse,Yeni Cami - New Mosque,Aya Triada Greek Orthodox Church,Santral Istanbul,Bebek,Anadolu Feneri - Anadolu Lighthouse,Ataturk Cultural Centre,Beykoz,Cemal Resit Rey (CRR) Concert Hall,Taksim Square,Riva (Beach),Fenerbahce Saracoglu Stadium,Yeralti Camii- Underground Mosque,Kucuk Ayasofya - Little Hagia Sophia,Istanbul UFO Museum,Church of the Pantocrator - Zeyrek Cami,Ortakoy Mosque,Galerist,Yildiz Park,Anglican Church of Beyoglu,Yildiz Palace,Museum of Adam Mickiewicz,Garipce,Emirgan Park,1453 Panorama Museum,Pierre Loti Café,Istanbul Aviation Museum,Chora Church - Kariye Museum,Tophane,Anadolu Kavagi,Yedikule Fortress - Seven Towers,Church of St Stephen of the Bulgars,Museum of History of Science in Islam,Cemile Sultan Grove,Hagia Irene,Neve Shalom Synagogue,Uskudar,Galeri Nev,Kadikoy Bull Statue,Kadikoy on Asian Side,Maidens Tower - Kiz Kulesi
,Eminonu and Around,Hippodrome and Monuments,Great Palace Mosaics Museum,Gulhane Park,Princes' Islands Museum,Naval Museum,Eyup Sultan Mosque and Mausoleum,Tarabya,Sogukcesme Street,Eczacıbasi Virtual Museum,Sureyya Opera House,Caferaga Medresesi,Istanbul Aquarium,Ataturk Arboretum,Armenian Church of St. Gregory the Illuminator,Borusan Kultur Sanat,Harbiye Cemil Topuzlu Open Air Theatre,Haydarpasa Railway Station,Bosphorus Bridge,Aynalikavak Pavilion,Dolmabahce Mosque,Fatih Mosque,Turk Telekom Arena,Palace of the Porphyrogenitus - Tekfur Sarayi,Miniaturk Museum,Kucuksu Palace,Casa dell'Arte Art Gallery,Elgiz Museum of Contemporary Art,Rumeli Fortress,Galata Bridge,Anadolu Hisari - Anatolian Fortress,Turkcell Kurucesme Arena,1001 Columns Cistern - Binbirdirek Cistern,Sirkeci Railway Station,Sile,Istanbul Sapphire Observation Deck,St Anthony of Padua Catholic Cathedral,ARTER Istanbul,Istanbul Zoology Museum,Sakirin Mosque,Fountain of Ahmet III,Kilic Ali Pasha Mosque,Galata Mevlevi Monastery-Mevlevihane,Sokollu Mehmet Pasha Mosque,Museum of Painting and Sculpture,Kadikoy Fish Market,SALT,Kuzguncuk,Dolmabahce Inonu Stadium,Florence Nightingale Museum,Rustem Pasha Mosque,Sadberk Hanim Museum,Rahmi M Koc Museum,Ihlamur Pavillion,Beylerbeyi Palace,Istanbul Dolphinarium,Beyazit Square,Fener and Balat,Türvak Cinema and Theatre Museum and Art Library,Pammakaristos Church - Fethiye Mosque Museum,Valens Aqueduct,Kucukciftlik Park,Discovery Sphere Planetarium,Turkish-Islamic Arts Museum - Ibrahim Pasha Palace,Museum of Calligraphy,Ataturk Museum Istanbul,Ortakoy,Ahrida Synagogue, Cihangir, Karakoy, Sakip Sabanci Museum,Ural Ataman Classic Car Museum,Istiklal Street - Taksim,Mihrimah Sultan Mosque,Flower Passage - Cicek Pasaji,Atlas Passage,Kabatas,Hazzopulo - Hacopulo Passage, Million Stone,Riddim,Akbank Art Centre,Istanbul Park - F1 Circuit,Serpent Column-,Yildiz Hamidiye Mosque,Column of the Goths,Obelisk of Theodosius,Mihrimah Sultan Mosque,Sinan Erdem Dome,Walled Obelisk ,Arap Mosque,
Taksim Park,Ozgurluk Park,Sariyer,Suriye Passage,Dolmabahce Clock Tower,Aznavur Passage,Nuruosmaniye Mosque,Yavuz Selim Mosque,Monument of Liberty,Mihrabat Grove,Nevizade,Etiler,Beyazit Tower,El-Hamra Passage,Maslak Pavilion,Fethi Pasa Korusu (Grove),Suleymaniye Hamam,Yeni Valide Mosque,Ahmet III Fountain,Column of Constantine/Burnt Column,Greek Orthodox Patriarchate,CNR Expo Istanbul,Aksaray Valide Mosque,Nusretiye Mosque,
The First National Bank Of The Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Bank (Turkish: Osmanlı Bankası) (formerly Imperial Ottoman Bank, Ottoman Turkish: Bank-ı Osmanî-i Şahane) was founded in 1856 in the Galata business section of İstanbul, the capital of the Ottoman Empire, as a joint venture between British interests, the Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas of France, and the Ottoman government.
The opening capital of the Bank consisted of 135,000 shares, 80,000 of which were bought by the English group, and 50,000 of which by the French group, whereas 5,000 shares were allocated to the Ottomans.
It operated as the Imperial Ottoman Bank from 1863 to 1924. Privileged as a state bank, it carried out the functions of a central bank.
In June 1996, the Ottoman Bank was sold to the Doguş Group, from which point on its banking activities were centred primarily in Turkey. In 2001, the Ottoman Bank became part of the Garanti Bank.
On February 4, 1863, seven years after its establishment, the shareholders of the Ottoman Bank signed a contract to form the Imperial Ottoman Bank. Sultan Abdülâziz, who expected to improve his country's economy, which was in a state of financial crisis after the Crimean War, ratified the contract immediately.
Tanzimat era's principal renovations in the financial field were the re-establishment of the currency and the foundation of the Ottoman Bank. The Ottoman Bank provided the Treasury with the necessary advances, played an intermediary role during the Ottoman public debt and acted as a bank of issue, principal function of state banks.
On February 18, 1875, the bank was authorized to control the budget, the expenditures and incomes of the state, to ensure reform and control the precarious Ottoman financial situation. The character of the Ottoman Bank as a state bank was fully reaffirmed by extending its right of issue for 20 years and conferring on it the role of Treasurer of the Empire.
The bank continued to help the Ottoman state through providing it several credits after the Balkan Wars, became a member of the Council of the Public Debt, and assumed the tobacco monopoly in a limited company. Following the re-establishment of Empire's credit standing, the placing of Turkish loans abroad became possible around 1886. Enabled by the reduction of commitments towards the Treasury around 1890, following the improvement of public finances, the Ottoman Bank undertook a double activity of financing the Turkish economy and promoting other business.
Within the frame of merchant banking activities, it was mainly involved with public works and railways, the Beirut Port, the railway line Beirut-Damascus and its later extension to Homs, Hamah and Aleppo. The Bank's financial support continued to some other railway projects including the line Constantinople-Salonica, Smyrna-Kasaba (1892) and the Baghdad Railway (1903). In 1896, the Bank played a major role in the establishment of the Ereğli coal mining company on the Black Sea shore. In August 1896, the bank was the subject of a seizure by Armenian Revolutionaries intent on bringing international attention to mistreatment of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire.
The declaration of World War I damaged the Bank, since it lost credibility with the Ottoman government because of its British and French shareholders, and on the other hand the British and French governments considered the bank as an institution belonging to the enemy. This caused particular problems in Cyprus, an Ottoman province administered by Britain up until the First World War, when the island was annexed in response to the Turks siding with the Axis powers. After an initial run on the bank in 1914 left the local operation of the bank with less than £4,000 sterling in its vaults, and no means of replenishing its reserves from the head office in Constantinople, the bank was briefly closed by the British authorities and then allowed to re-open effectively as a separate semi-state company. In part this compromise seems to have been reached as the British authorities in Cyprus had themselves deposited their entire funds in the bank in Cyprus, some £40,000 sterling, which would have been lost had the bank been forced to close.[1] But, with the exception of Cyprus, during this time, the British and French executives of the bank left their posts, and the Ottoman Government abolished the privilege of issuing banknotes. However, its other activities continued.
After the War of Independence and the proclamation of the Republic of Turkey, the regulation of the relations with the new state was set up on March 10, 1924. The name of the Bank was changed from the Imperial Ottoman Bank back to the Ottoman Bank. The Bank's role as a state bank remained, however it was extended on a temporary basis due to the Turkish government's intention to establish its own Central Bank, which was realized in 1931.
New Topics in Armenian History & Culture (morning)
22nd Vardanants Day Armenian lecture series, titled New Topics in Armenian History and Culture explored the linguistic, artistic, social and musical history of Armenia. (Morning session)
For transcript and more information, visit
Интересная территория: Стамбул
Стамбул, Константинополь, Царьград, Византий - откуда столько имён? Почему столица Турции - Анкара, а не Стамбул? Как туркам удалось взять Константинополь? И много ли осталось в этом городе наследия греческой культуры? Самые интересные факты из истории Стамбула и самые удивительные достопримечательности на территории этого города - в этом видео!
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PARROT BEBOP DRONE AT ST. HERACLIDES MONASTERY
The movie was made on Sunday 25th October 2015 at St. Heraclides nans' monastery. The beatiful landscape, the monastery and the nearby picturesque village, about 15 km away from the capitl of Cyprus, Nicosia, are shown. Very close to this location is the ancient city of Tamassos, which is over 3000 years old.
Drone- Parrot Bebop
Pilot - Vrahos Hadjihannas
Date- 25th October, 2015
Place- Politiko, Nicosia, Cyprus
Ayasofya / Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, Turkey 2011
Hagia Sophia (from the Greek: Ἁγία Σοφία, Holy Wisdom; Latin: Sancta Sophia or Sancta Sapientia; Turkish: Ayasofya) is a former Orthodox patriarchal basilica, later a mosque, and now a museum in Istanbul, Turkey. Construction began in 532 and was completed just 5 years later.
From the date of its dedication in 360 until 1453, it served as the Greek Patriarchal cathedral of Constantinople, except between 1204 and 1261, when it was converted to a Roman Catholic cathedral under the Latin Patriarch of Constantinople of the Western Crusader established Latin Empire. The building was a mosque from 29 May 1453 until 1931, when it was secularized. It was opened as a museum on 1 February 1935.
Made with the iSupr8 app on an iPhone 3GS
Fourth Crusade | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Fourth Crusade
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Fourth Crusade (1202–1204) was a Latin Christian armed expedition called by Pope Innocent III. The stated intent of the expedition was to recapture the Muslim-controlled city of Jerusalem, by first conquering the powerful Egyptian Ayyubid Sultanate, the strongest Muslim nation of the time. However, a sequence of economic and political events culminated in the Crusader army sacking the city of Constantinople, the capital of the Greek Christian-controlled Byzantine Empire.
In late 1202, financial issues led to the Crusader army sacking Zara, which was then brought under Venetian control. In January 1203, en-route to Jerusalem, the Crusader leadership entered into an agreement with the Byzantine prince Alexios Angelos to divert the Crusade to Constantinople and restore his deposed father as Emperor. The intent of the Crusaders was then to continue to Jerusalem with promised Byzantine financial and military aid. On 23 June 1203, the bulk of the Crusaders reached Constantinople, while smaller contingents continued to Acre.
In August, following clashes outside Constantinople, Alexios was crowned co-Emperor. However, in January 1204, he was deposed by a popular uprising. The Crusaders were no longer able to receive their promised payments from Alexios. Following the murder of Alexios on 8 February, the Crusaders decided on the outright conquest of the city. In April 1204, they captured and plundered the city's enormous wealth. Only a handful of the Crusaders continued to the Holy Land thereafter.
The conquest of Constantinople was followed by the fragmentation of the Empire into three rump states centred in Nicaea, Trebizond and Epirus. The Crusaders then founded several Crusader states in former Byzantine territory, largely hinged upon the Latin Empire of Constantinople. The presence of the Latin Crusader states almost immediately led to war with the Byzantine successor states and the Bulgarian Empire. The Nicaean Empire eventually recovered Constantinople and restored the Byzantine Empire in 1261.
The Crusade is considered to be one of the most prominent acts that solidified the schism between the Greek and Latin Christian churches, and dealt an irrevocable blow to the already weakened Byzantine Empire, paving the way for Muslim conquests in Anatolia and Balkan Europe in the coming centuries.
Varna | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Varna
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Varna (Bulgarian: Варна, Varna [ˈvarna]) is the third-largest city in Bulgaria and the largest city and seaside resort on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. Situated strategically in the Gulf of Varna, the city has been a major economic, social and cultural centre for almost three millennia. Varna, historically known as Odessos, grew from a Thracian seaside settlement to a major seaport on the Black Sea.
Varna is an important centre for business, transportation, education, tourism, entertainment and healthcare. The city is referred to as the maritime capital of Bulgaria and headquarters the Bulgarian Navy and merchant marine. In 2008, Varna was designated seat of the Black Sea Euroregion by the Council of Europe. In 2014, Varna was awarded the title of European Youth Capital 2017.The oldest gold treasure in the world, belonging to the Varna culture, was discovered in the Varna Necropolis and dates to 4200–4600 BC.
Rumi | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Rumi
00:01:41 1 Name
00:03:23 2 Life
00:12:12 3 Teachings
00:14:06 4 Major works
00:14:30 4.1 Poetic works
00:15:30 4.2 Prose works
00:17:35 5 Religious outlook
00:20:35 6 Legacy
00:23:43 6.1 Iranian world
00:24:25 6.2 Mewlewī Sufi Order
00:27:50 6.3 Religious denomination
00:28:29 6.4 Eight hundredth anniversary celebrations
00:30:48 6.5 Mawlana Rumi Review
00:31:54 7 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Rūmī (Persian: جلالالدین محمد رومی), also known as Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Balkhī (جلالالدین محمد بلخى), Mevlânâ/Mawlānā (مولانا, our master), Mevlevî/Mawlawī (مولوی, my master), and more popularly simply as Rumi (30 September 1207 – 17 December 1273), was a 13th-century Persian poet, jurist, Islamic scholar, theologian, and Sufi mystic originally from Greater Khorasan. Rumi's influence transcends national borders and ethnic divisions: Iranians, Tajiks, Turks, Greeks, Pashtuns, other Central Asian Muslims, and the Muslims of South Asia have greatly appreciated his spiritual legacy for the past seven centuries. His poems have been widely translated into many of the world's languages and transposed into various formats. Rumi has been described as the most popular poet and the best selling poet in the United States.Rumi's works are written mostly in Persian, but occasionally he also used Turkish, Arabic, and Greek, in his verse. His Masnavi (Mathnawi), composed in Konya, is considered one of the greatest poems of the Persian language. His works are widely read today in their original language across Greater Iran and the Persian-speaking world. Translations of his works are very popular, most notably in Turkey, Azerbaijan, the United States, and South Asia. His poetry has influenced not only Persian literature, but also Turkish, Ottoman Turkish, Azerbaijani, as well as the literature of some other Turkic, Iranian, and Indo-Aryan languages including Chagatai, Urdu and Pashto.
Rumi | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:43 1 Name
00:03:34 2 Life
00:03:43 2.1 Overview
00:05:48 2.2 Childhood and emigration
00:09:10 2.3 Education and encounters with Shams-e Tabrizi
00:11:31 2.4 Later life and death
00:14:12 3 Teachings
00:16:50 4 Major works
00:17:16 4.1 Poetic works
00:18:26 4.2 Prose works
00:20:41 5 Religious outlook
00:24:00 6 Legacy
00:27:29 6.1 Iranian world
00:28:10 6.2 Mewlewī Sufi Order
00:31:58 6.3 Religious denomination
00:32:41 6.4 Eight hundredth anniversary celebrations
00:35:15 6.5 Mawlana Rumi Review
00:36:28 7 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9146037553774191
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Rūmī (Persian: جلالالدین محمد رومی), also known as Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Balkhī (جلالالدین محمد بلخى), Mevlânâ/Mawlānā (مولانا, our master), Mevlevî/Mawlawī (مولوی, my master), and more popularly simply as Rumi (30 September 1207 – 17 December 1273), was a 13th-century Persian poet, faqih, Islamic scholar, theologian, and Sufi mystic originally from Greater Khorasan. Rumi's influence transcends national borders and ethnic divisions: Iranians, Tajiks, Turks, Greeks, Pashtuns, other Central Asian Muslims, and the Muslims of South Asia have greatly appreciated his spiritual legacy for the past seven centuries. His poems have been widely translated into many of the world's languages and transposed into various formats. Rumi has been described as the most popular poet and the best selling poet in the United States.Rumi's works are written mostly in Persian, but occasionally he also used Turkish, Arabic, and Greek in his verse. His Masnavi (Mathnawi), composed in Konya, is considered one of the greatest poems of the Persian language. His works are widely read today in their original language across Greater Iran and the Persian-speaking world. Translations of his works are very popular, most notably in Turkey, Azerbaijan, the United States, and South Asia. His poetry has influenced not only Persian literature, but also the literary traditions of the Ottoman Turkish, Chagatai, Urdu and Pashto languages.
Rumi | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Rumi
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Rūmī (Persian: جلالالدین محمد رومی), also known as Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Balkhī (جلالالدین محمد بلخى), Mevlânâ/Mawlānā (مولانا, our master), Mevlevî/Mawlawī (مولوی, my master), and more popularly simply as Rumi (30 September 1207 – 17 December 1273), was a 13th-century Persian poet, jurist, Islamic scholar, theologian, and Sufi mystic originally from Greater Khorasan. Rumi's influence transcends national borders and ethnic divisions: Iranians, Tajiks, Turks, Greeks, Pashtuns, other Central Asian Muslims, and the Muslims of South Asia have greatly appreciated his spiritual legacy for the past seven centuries. His poems have been widely translated into many of the world's languages and transposed into various formats. Rumi has been described as the most popular poet and the best selling poet in the United States.Rumi's works are written mostly in Persian, but occasionally he also used Turkish, Arabic, and Greek, in his verse. His Masnavi (Mathnawi), composed in Konya, is considered one of the greatest poems of the Persian language. His works are widely read today in their original language across Greater Iran and the Persian-speaking world. Translations of his works are very popular, most notably in Turkey, Azerbaijan, the United States, and South Asia. His poetry has influenced not only Persian literature, but also Turkish, Ottoman Turkish, Azerbaijani, as well as the literature of some other Turkic, Iranian, and Indo-Aryan languages including Chagatai, Urdu and Pashto.
Varna | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:00:54 1 Etymology
00:02:22 1.1 Other places named Varna
00:03:02 2 History
00:03:10 2.1 Prehistory
00:03:45 2.2 Thracians
00:08:10 2.3 Antiquity
00:12:09 2.4 Bulgarian conquest
00:13:09 2.5 Middle Ages
00:15:52 2.6 Battle of Varna
00:16:48 2.7 Late Ottoman rule
00:18:32 2.8 Third Bulgarian State
00:20:19 3 Geography
00:22:22 3.1 Climate
00:23:28 4 Governance
00:23:53 4.1 Local government
00:25:11 4.2 Boroughs and urban planning
00:25:48 4.3 Policing and crime
00:26:33 4.4 Consulates
00:26:54 4.5 Twin towns and sister cities
00:27:05 5 Demography
00:29:40 5.1 Ethnic, linguistic and religious composition
00:33:01 6 Economy
00:36:39 7 Transport
00:37:41 8 Landmarks
00:41:12 8.1 Churches
00:43:22 8.2 Architecture
00:46:02 9 Education
00:46:16 9.1 Higher education
00:47:49 9.2 Institutes and colleges
00:48:33 9.3 Secondary education
00:49:18 9.4 Libraries
00:49:29 10 Culture
00:50:10 10.1 Museums
00:51:11 10.2 Galleries
00:51:31 10.3 Performing arts professional companies
00:52:06 10.4 Art networks
00:52:17 10.5 Other performing arts groups
00:52:32 10.6 Notable bands and artists
00:53:35 10.7 Concert halls
00:53:59 10.8 International arts festivals
00:55:09 10.9 National events
00:55:47 10.10 Local events
00:56:27 10.11 Varna in fiction
00:57:31 11 Media
00:59:04 12 Healthcare
00:59:48 13 Sports
00:59:56 13.1 Football
01:00:46 13.2 Swimming
01:02:04 13.3 Other sports
01:03:46 14 Notable people
01:04:00 15 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9994740521644461
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Varna (Bulgarian: Варна, Varna [ˈvarna]) is the third largest city in Bulgaria and the largest city and seaside resort on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. Situated strategically in the Gulf of Varna, the city has been a major economic, social and cultural centre for almost three millennia. Varna, historically known as Odessos (Ancient Greek: Ὀδησσός), grew from a Thracian seaside settlement to a major seaport on the Black Sea.
Varna is an important centre for business, transportation, education, tourism, entertainment and healthcare. The city is referred to as the maritime capital of Bulgaria and headquarters the Bulgarian Navy and merchant marine. In 2008, Varna was designated seat of the Black Sea Euroregion by the Council of Europe. In 2014, Varna was awarded the title of European Youth Capital 2017.The oldest gold treasure in the world, belonging to the Varna culture, was discovered in the Varna Necropolis and dates to 4200–4600 BC.