China Lecture Series Part 2 - Cathryn Clayton - PCC - 2012
Portland Community College, Chinese Histories and Culture lecture. Cathryn Clayton University of Hawai'i, Manoa. Part 2: Thinking About Chinese Nationalism. Made possible by the PCC Internationalization Initiative.
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Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Tiananmen Square protests of 1989
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The 1989 Tiananmen Square protests, commonly known in mainland China as the June Fourth Incident (Chinese: 六四事件, liùsì shìjiàn), were student-led demonstrations in Beijing (the capital of the People's Republic of China) in 1989. More broadly, it refers to the popular national movement inspired by the Beijing protests during that period, sometimes called the '89 Democracy Movement (Chinese: 八九民运, bājiǔ mínyùn). The protests were forcibly suppressed after Chinese Premier Li Peng declared martial law. In what became known in the West as the Tiananmen Square Massacre, troops with automatic rifles and tanks fired at the demonstrators trying to block the military's advance towards Tiananmen Square. The number of civilian deaths has been estimated variously from 180 to 10,454.Set against a backdrop of rapid economic development and social changes in post-Mao Zedong China, the protests reflected anxieties about the country's future in the popular consciousness and among the political elite. The reforms of the 1980s had led to a nascent market economy which benefitted some people, but seriously disaffected others and the one-party political system also faced a challenge of legitimacy. Common grievances at the time included inflation, limited preparedness of graduates for the new economy and restrictions on political participation. The students called for democracy, greater accountability, freedom of the press and freedom of speech, though they were loosely organized and their goals varied. At the height of the protests, about 1 million people assembled in the Square.As the protests developed, the authorities veered back and forth between conciliatory and hardline tactics, exposing deep divisions within the party leadership. By May, a student-led hunger strike galvanized support for the demonstrators around the country and the protests spread to some 400 cities. Ultimately, China's paramount leader Deng Xiaoping and other Communist Party elders believed the protests to be a political threat and resolved to use force. The State Council declared martial law on May 20 and mobilized as many as 300,000 troops to Beijing. The troops suppressed the protests by firing at demonstrators with automatic weapons, killing multiple protesters and leading to mass civil unrest in the days following.
The international community, human rights organizations and political analysts condemned the Chinese government for the violent response to the protests. Western countries imposed severe economic sanctions and arms embargoes on Chinese entities and officials. In response, the Chinese government verbally attacked the protestors and denounced Western nations who had imposed sanctions on China by accusing them of interference in China's internal affairs, which elicited heavier condemnation by the West. It made widespread arrests of protesters and their supporters, suppressed other protests around China, expelled foreign journalists, strictly controlled coverage of the events in the domestic press, strengthened the police and internal security forces and demoted or purged officials it deemed sympathetic to the protests. More broadly, the suppression temporarily halted the policies of liberalization in the 1980s. Considered a watershed event, the protests also set the limits on political expression in China well into the 21st century. Its memory is widely associated with questioning the legitimacy of Communist Party rule and remains one of the most sensitive and most widely censored political topics in mainland China.
Shenzhen | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Shenzhen
00:01:48 1 Etymology
00:02:38 2 History
00:03:16 2.1 Nantou
00:05:19 2.2 Market town
00:05:56 2.3 Special Economic Zone
00:08:00 3 Geography
00:09:44 3.1 Climate
00:11:27 4 Cityscape
00:11:36 5 Politics
00:12:13 6 Administrative divisions
00:14:46 7 Economy
00:18:44 7.1 High-Tech Industry
00:19:54 7.1.1 Industrial zones
00:20:59 7.2 Economic cooperation with Hong Kong
00:24:33 7.2.1 Qianhai
00:25:56 8 Demographics
00:29:04 8.1 Metropolitan area
00:29:26 8.2 Languages
00:31:23 8.3 Religion
00:32:18 9 Education
00:32:27 9.1 Colleges and universities
00:33:30 9.2 International schools
00:34:01 10 Transport
00:34:10 10.1 Public transport
00:37:12 10.2 Roads
00:39:00 10.3 Railway
00:41:16 10.4 Air
00:42:14 10.5 Ferries
00:43:29 10.6 Connection with Hong Kong
00:45:04 11 Architecture
00:49:19 12 Parks and recreation
00:49:28 12.1 Parks and gardens
00:52:24 12.2 Theme parks
00:54:02 13 Culture
00:54:38 13.1 Overseas Chinese Town (OCT)
00:55:19 13.2 Beaches
00:55:35 13.3 Museums and exhibition centers
00:56:10 14 Media
00:56:42 15 Sports
00:58:35 16 Sister cities
01:00:43 17 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Shenzhen ([ʂə́n.ʈʂə̂n] (listen)) is a major city in Guangdong Province, China; it forms part of the Pearl River Delta megalopolis north of Hong Kong. It holds sub-provincial administrative status, with powers slightly less than a province.
Shenzhen, which roughly follows the administrative boundaries of Bao'an County, officially became a city in 1979, taking its name from the former county town, whose train station was the last stop on the Mainland Chinese section of the railway between Canton and Kowloon. In 1980, Shenzhen was established as China's first special economic zone. Shenzhen's registered population as of 2017 was estimated at 12,905,000. However, the Shenzhen Municipal Party Committee estimates that the population of Shenzhen is about 20 million, due to the large unregistered floating migrant population living in the city. Shenzhen was one of the fastest-growing cities in the world in the 1990s and the 2000s. And has been ranked second on the list of ‘top 10 cities to visit in 2019Shenzhen's cityscape results from its vibrant economy - made possible by rapid foreign investment following the institution of the policy of reform and opening-up in 1979. The city is a leading global technology hub, dubbed by media as the next Silicon Valley.Shenzhen hosts the Shenzhen Stock Exchange as well as the headquarters of numerous multinational companies such as JXD, Vanke, Hytera, CIMC, Shenzhen Airlines, Nepstar, Hasee, Ping An Bank, Ping An Insurance, China Merchants Bank, Tencent, ZTE, Huawei and BYD. Shenzhen ranks 12th in the 2018 Global Financial Centres Index. It has one of the busiest container ports in the world.
Shenzhen | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:33 1 Etymology
00:03:35 2 History
00:04:22 2.1 Nantou
00:06:59 2.2 Market town
00:07:44 2.3 Special Economic Zone
00:10:33 3 Geography
00:12:45 3.1 Climate
00:14:55 4 Cityscape
00:15:04 5 Politics
00:15:43 6 Administrative divisions
00:18:58 7 Economy
00:24:00 7.1 Technology industry
00:25:26 7.1.1 Industrial zones
00:26:47 7.2 Economic cooperation with Hong Kong
00:31:21 7.2.1 Qianhai
00:33:05 8 Demographics
00:36:04 8.1 Historic
00:36:47 8.2 Other Statistics
00:39:14 8.3 Metropolitan area
00:39:40 8.4 Ethnic groups
00:39:49 8.4.1 Koreans
00:42:38 8.5 Languages
00:45:09 8.6 Religion
00:46:17 8.7 Crime
00:48:08 9 Education
00:49:21 9.1 Colleges and universities
00:51:01 10 Transport
00:51:10 10.1 Public transport
00:55:36 10.2 Roads
00:57:55 10.3 Railway
01:00:48 10.4 Air
01:02:00 10.5 Ferries
01:03:36 10.6 Connection with Hong Kong
01:05:27 11 Architecture
01:10:59 12 Parks and recreation
01:11:09 12.1 Parks and gardens
01:14:54 12.2 Theme parks
01:18:23 12.3 Beaches
01:18:59 13 Culture
01:20:51 13.1 Cuisine
01:21:55 13.2 Museums and exhibition centers
01:22:56 13.3 Theaters and concert halls
01:23:21 14 Media
01:24:54 15 Sports
01:27:14 16 Sister cities
01:27:57 17 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8136272377662801
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Shenzhen (, Mandarin: [ʂə́n.ʈʂə̂n] (listen)) is a major city in Guangdong Province, China; it forms part of the Pearl River Delta megalopolis, bordering Hong Kong to the south, Huizhou to the northeast, and Dongguan to the northwest. It holds sub-provincial administrative status, with powers slightly less than those of a province.
Shenzhen, which roughly follows the administrative boundaries of Bao'an County, officially became a city in 1979, taking its name from the former county town, whose train station was the last stop on the Mainland Chinese section of the railway between Canton and Kowloon. In 1980, Shenzhen was established as China's first special economic zone. Shenzhen's registered population as of 2017 was estimated at 12,905,000. However, local police and authorities estimate the actual population to be about 20 million, due to large populations of short-term residents, unregistered floating migrants, part-time residents, commuters, visitors, as well as other temporary residents. Shenzhen was one of the fastest-growing cities in the world in the 1990s and the 2000s and has been ranked second on the list of ‘top 10 cities to visit in 2019 by Lonely Planet.Shenzhen's cityscape results from its vibrant economy - made possible by rapid foreign investment following the institution of the policy of reform and opening-up in 1979. The city is a leading global technology hub, dubbed by media as the next Silicon Valley.Shenzhen hosts the Shenzhen Stock Exchange as well as the headquarters of numerous multinational companies such as JXD, Vanke, Hytera, CIMC, SF Express, Shenzhen Airlines, Nepstar, Hasee, Ping An Bank, Ping An Insurance, China Merchants Bank, Tencent, ZTE, Huawei, DJI and BYD. Shenzhen ranks 14th in the 2019 Global Financial Centres Index. It has one of the busiest container ports in the world.