Virginia
Which U.S. state has about the same population figures as Austria? Find out in the latest addition to our state video series: Judy Friedberg from the Management Section presents her home state. #50states #VA
Transcript:
Hi, I'm Judy Friedberg and I am happy to tell you about my home state of Virginia.
Officially known as the Commonwealth of Virginia, this mid-Atlantic state is
bordered by Washington, DC, Maryland, West Virginia and North Carolina. And,
to the East, the Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean border Virginia's Eastern
Shore, another peninsula of Virginia land.
More than eight million people live in Virginia. Our state flower is actually a
flowering tree -- the dogwood. Our state bird is the cardinal.
Much of our state's natural beauty is protected by National Parks. My favorite is
Great Falls Park which highlights a rushing section of the Potomac River, which
flows to the Bay from the mountains in the west. Those mountains are also known
as The Blue Ridge Mountains, due to the coloring of the trees and shadows,
particularly in the early morning and early evening light.
Much of this area is included in Shenandoah National Park. Within the park is a
portion of the beautiful Appalachian Trail -- a rigorous hiking trail which extends
from Georgia to Maine. In the autumn, the leaves are at their most colorful.
Skyline Drive runs through the park. This is a fantastic way to see the beauty of the
mountains and the Shenandoah Valley from the comfort of your car.
The Shenandoah Valley is known for dairy farms and wineries. Virginia's farming
history also includes tobacco and cotton.
Virginia's nicknames refer to its rich history. The Old Dominion refers to its status
as one of the original 13 colonies. Virginia's other nickname is The Mother of
Presidents. Eight U.S. presidents were born here - more than any other state.
Some of their homes are open to the public as historic sites.
Mount Vernon, home of our first President, George Washington, sits high on a bluff
overlooking the Potomac River, not far from Washington, DC.
Monticello, home of our third President and drafter of our Declaration of
Independence, Thomas Jefferson, is located in Charlottesville, Virginia. The
University of Virginia, which Jefferson founded, is nearby.
But, back to some much earlier history...Native people, including the Powhatan,
Algonquin, and Iroquois, were already living in the area long before the English
settlers came. Some say the name Virginia was the settlers' way of honoring Queen
Elizabeth the First of England, who was also known as The Virgin Queen.
You may have heard of the story of Pocahontas? She was a native of the area and a
friend to the English settlers of the colony's first capitol, Jamestown, in 1616.
Williamsburg served as the capitol of the Colony of Virginia from the early 1700s
and was the center of political activity leading to the American Revolution.
Both Jamestown and Williamsburg have active historic centers where you can learn
more about colonial life.
Richmond became the state capital in 1780 and remains so today. In 1861, after ten
states seceded from the United States, Richmond became the capital of the shortlived
Confederate States of America.
After the Civil War ended, and these states re-entered the Union, Richmond
developed into a railroad crossroads for the region. These strong railroads helped
develop trade routes between the middle of the country and the Atlantic Ocean and
led to the founding of Newport News Shipbuilding which continues to produce
battleships and aircraft carriers. Nearby Hampton Roads is the largest naval base on
the east coast.
Virginia is also home to the world's largest office building, The Pentagon,
headquarters of the Defense Department.
Other Virginia coastal attractions are historic lighthouses including Cape Henry,
Fort Monroe and Assateague. Assateague is also the home of the Chincoteague wild
ponies. And, if you visit there perhaps you will order some delicious Chesapeake
Bay blue crab and a beer for your dinner.
Today, media, technology, software, communications, and consulting are the fastest growing sectors of Virginia's economy. The education sector, particularly Virginia's
200-plus colleges and universities, and the government employment sector are also
growth areas. All of this and more, make Virginia the wealthiest of the southern
United States.
I hope you enjoyed hearing about Virginia today.
Department Press Briefing - November 9, 2017
Heather Nauert leads the Department Press Briefing, at the Department of State on November 9, 2017. A transcript is available at
Virginia Farming: Hemp Production
Research on commercial hemp production offers possibilities for future profitability. We observe a test plot located near Harrisonburg, VA.
Hosted by WVPT's Amy Roscher, Virginia Farming is a weekly, locally-produced farming news series. Topics include: poultry, beef, dairy, crops, wine, seafood, timber, aquaculture, and farm safety as well as a myriad of other topics that affect farmers and consumers on a daily basis. Virginia Farming has been recognized with four top journalism awards from the Virginia Farm Bureau Federation (VFBF) for outstanding farm news communication, as well as a myriad of accolades and recognitions from industry experts.
Virginia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:12 1 Geography
00:03:19 1.1 Geology and terrain
00:05:48 1.2 Climate
00:07:50 1.3 Ecosystem
00:11:08 2 History
00:12:06 2.1 Colony
00:16:31 2.2 Statehood
00:19:01 2.3 Civil War and aftermath
00:21:30 2.4 Post-Reconstruction
00:24:32 3 Cities and towns
00:27:14 4 Demographics
00:28:18 4.1 Ethnicity
00:32:09 4.2 Languages
00:33:36 4.3 Religion
00:36:27 5 Economy
00:37:50 5.1 Government
00:39:09 5.2 Business
00:41:00 5.3 Agriculture
00:42:33 5.4 Taxes
00:43:35 6 Culture
00:45:32 6.1 Fine and performing arts
00:47:45 6.2 Festivals
00:49:16 7 Media
00:51:09 8 Education
00:54:04 9 Health
00:56:09 10 Transportation
00:59:03 11 Law and government
01:01:38 12 Politics
01:06:09 13 Sports
01:08:49 14 State symbols
01:10:33 15 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
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There is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Virginia ( (listen)), officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. Virginia is nicknamed the Old Dominion due to its status as the first English colonial possession established in mainland North America and Mother of Presidents because eight U.S. presidents were born there, more than any other state. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna. The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond; Virginia Beach is the most populous city, and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision. The Commonwealth's estimated population as of 2017 is over 8.4 million.The area's history begins with several indigenous groups, including the Powhatan. In 1607 the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent New World English colony. Slave labor and the land acquired from displaced Native American tribes each played a significant role in the colony's early politics and plantation economy. Virginia was one of the 13 Colonies in the American Revolution. In the American Civil War, Virginia's Secession Convention resolved to join the Confederacy, and Virginia's First Wheeling Convention resolved to remain in the Union; that led to the creation of West Virginia. Although the Commonwealth was under one-party rule for nearly a century following Reconstruction, both major national parties are competitive in modern Virginia.The Virginia General Assembly is the oldest continuous law-making body in the New World. The state government was ranked most effective by the Pew Center on the States in both 2005 and 2008. It is unique in how it treats cities and counties equally, manages local roads, and prohibits its governors from serving consecutive terms. Virginia's economy has many sectors: agriculture in the Shenandoah Valley; federal agencies in Northern Virginia, including the headquarters of the U.S. Department of Defense and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA); and military facilities in Hampton Roads, the site of the region's main seaport.
Virginia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Virginia
00:02:12 1 Geography
00:03:19 1.1 Geology and terrain
00:05:47 1.2 Climate
00:07:50 1.3 Ecosystem
00:11:07 2 History
00:12:05 2.1 Colony
00:16:29 2.2 Statehood
00:18:59 2.3 Civil War and aftermath
00:21:28 2.4 Post-Reconstruction
00:24:30 3 Cities and towns
00:27:12 4 Demographics
00:28:15 4.1 Ethnicity
00:32:05 4.2 Languages
00:33:32 4.3 Religion
00:36:22 5 Economy
00:37:46 5.1 Government
00:39:05 5.2 Business
00:40:55 5.3 Agriculture
00:42:28 5.4 Taxes
00:43:29 6 Culture
00:45:27 6.1 Fine and performing arts
00:47:39 6.2 Festivals
00:49:10 7 Media
00:51:03 8 Education
00:53:59 9 Health
00:56:03 10 Transportation
00:58:55 11 Law and government
01:01:30 12 Politics
01:06:01 13 Sports
01:08:41 14 State symbols
01:10:25 15 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Virginia ( (listen)), officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. Virginia is nicknamed the Old Dominion due to its status as the first English colonial possession established in mainland North America and Mother of Presidents because eight U.S. presidents were born there, more than any other state. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna. The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond; Virginia Beach is the most populous city, and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision. The Commonwealth's estimated population as of 2017 is over 8.4 million.The area's history begins with several indigenous groups, including the Powhatan. In 1607 the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent New World English colony. Slave labor and the land acquired from displaced Native American tribes each played a significant role in the colony's early politics and plantation economy. Virginia was one of the 13 Colonies in the American Revolution. In the American Civil War, Virginia's Secession Convention resolved to join the Confederacy, and Virginia's First Wheeling Convention resolved to remain in the Union; that led to the creation of West Virginia. Although the Commonwealth was under one-party rule for nearly a century following Reconstruction, both major national parties are competitive in modern Virginia.The Virginia General Assembly is the oldest continuous law-making body in the New World. The state government was ranked most effective by the Pew Center on the States in both 2005 and 2008. It is unique in how it treats cities and counties equally, manages local roads, and prohibits its governors from serving consecutive terms. Virginia's economy has many sectors: agriculture in the Shenandoah Valley; federal agencies in Northern Virginia, including the headquarters of the U.S. Department of Defense and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA); and military facilities in Hampton Roads, the site of the region's main seaport.
Armour Metals Steel Truss Pole Barn Kit Diy
This is the first video of many to come. We will be doing a Diy video of a 30 x 40 pole barn next that will be very descriptive of how to square the site, how deep to make the holes , how to set the posts level and setting the trusses. We will also do a seperate video of how to install the trim. After that we include a video on enclosed buildings. Thanks for looking.
The Oath and the Office: A Guide to the Constitution for Future Presidents
The Taubman Center presents the Alexander Meiklejohn Lecture, named for civil libertarian, Brown alumnus, and former Brown dean Alexander Meiklejohn, and focuses on the theme of freedom and the U.S. Constitution.
Author and professor of political science Corey Brettschneider discusses his new book, The Oath and the Office: A Guide to the Constitution for Future Presidents. Brettschneider was joined by Chris Hayes '01, host of All In with Chris Hayes, a weekday news and opinion show on MSNBC, and Kate Shaw '01, Professor of Law and Co-Director of the Floersheimer Center for Constitutional Democracy at the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law.
Friday, September 21, 2018
Brown University
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Virginia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Virginia
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Virginia ( (listen)), officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. Virginia is nicknamed the Old Dominion due to its status as the first English colonial possession established in mainland North America and Mother of Presidents because eight U.S. presidents were born there, more than any other state. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna. The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond; Virginia Beach is the most populous city, and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision. The Commonwealth's estimated population as of 2017 is over 8.4 million.The area's history begins with several indigenous groups, including the Powhatan. In 1607 the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent New World English colony. Slave labor and the land acquired from displaced Native American tribes each played a significant role in the colony's early politics and plantation economy. Virginia was one of the 13 Colonies in the American Revolution. In the American Civil War, Virginia’s Secession Convention resolved to join the Confederacy, and Virginia’s First Wheeling Convention resolved to remain in the Union; that led to the creation of West Virginia. Although the Commonwealth was under one-party rule for nearly a century following Reconstruction, both major national parties are competitive in modern Virginia.The Virginia General Assembly is the oldest continuous law-making body in the New World. The state government was ranked most effective by the Pew Center on the States in both 2005 and 2008. It is unique in how it treats cities and counties equally, manages local roads, and prohibits its governors from serving consecutive terms. Virginia's economy has many sectors: agriculture in the Shenandoah Valley; federal agencies in Northern Virginia, including the headquarters of the U.S. Department of Defense and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA); and military facilities in Hampton Roads, the site of the region's main seaport.
Virginia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Virginia
00:02:12 1 Geography
00:03:19 1.1 Geology and terrain
00:05:48 1.2 Climate
00:07:50 1.3 Ecosystem
00:11:08 2 History
00:12:06 2.1 Colony
00:16:31 2.2 Statehood
00:19:01 2.3 Civil War and aftermath
00:21:30 2.4 Post-Reconstruction
00:24:32 3 Cities and towns
00:27:14 4 Demographics
00:28:18 4.1 Ethnicity
00:32:09 4.2 Languages
00:33:36 4.3 Religion
00:36:27 5 Economy
00:37:51 5.1 Government
00:39:10 5.2 Business
00:41:00 5.3 Agriculture
00:42:33 5.4 Taxes
00:43:35 6 Culture
00:45:32 6.1 Fine and performing arts
00:47:45 6.2 Festivals
00:49:16 7 Media
00:51:09 8 Education
00:54:04 9 Health
00:56:09 10 Transportation
00:59:01 11 Law and government
01:01:36 12 Politics
01:06:07 13 Sports
01:08:48 14 State symbols
01:10:32 15 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Virginia ( (listen)), officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. Virginia is nicknamed the Old Dominion due to its status as the first English colonial possession established in mainland North America and Mother of Presidents because eight U.S. presidents were born there, more than any other state. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna. The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond; Virginia Beach is the most populous city, and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision. The Commonwealth's estimated population as of 2017 is over 8.4 million.The area's history begins with several indigenous groups, including the Powhatan. In 1607 the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent New World English colony. Slave labor and the land acquired from displaced Native American tribes each played a significant role in the colony's early politics and plantation economy. Virginia was one of the 13 Colonies in the American Revolution. In the American Civil War, Virginia's Secession Convention resolved to join the Confederacy, and Virginia's First Wheeling Convention resolved to remain in the Union; that led to the creation of West Virginia. Although the Commonwealth was under one-party rule for nearly a century following Reconstruction, both major national parties are competitive in modern Virginia.The Virginia General Assembly is the oldest continuous law-making body in the New World. The state government was ranked most effective by the Pew Center on the States in both 2005 and 2008. It is unique in how it treats cities and counties equally, manages local roads, and prohibits its governors from serving consecutive terms. Virginia's economy has many sectors: agriculture in the Shenandoah Valley; federal agencies in Northern Virginia, including the headquarters of the U.S. Department of Defense and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA); and military facilities in Hampton Roads, the site of the region's main seaport.
Virginia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Virginia
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Virginia ( (listen)), officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. Virginia is nicknamed the Old Dominion due to its status as the first English colonial possession established in mainland North America and Mother of Presidents because eight U.S. presidents were born there, more than any other state. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna. The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond; Virginia Beach is the most populous city, and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision. The Commonwealth's estimated population as of 2017 is over 8.4 million.The area's history begins with several indigenous groups, including the Powhatan. In 1607 the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent New World English colony. Slave labor and the land acquired from displaced Native American tribes each played a significant role in the colony's early politics and plantation economy. Virginia was one of the 13 Colonies in the American Revolution. In the American Civil War, Virginia’s Secession Convention resolved to join the Confederacy, and Virginia’s First Wheeling Convention resolved to remain in the Union; that led to the creation of West Virginia. Although the Commonwealth was under one-party rule for nearly a century following Reconstruction, both major national parties are competitive in modern Virginia.The Virginia General Assembly is the oldest continuous law-making body in the New World. The state government was ranked most effective by the Pew Center on the States in both 2005 and 2008. It is unique in how it treats cities and counties equally, manages local roads, and prohibits its governors from serving consecutive terms. Virginia's economy has many sectors: agriculture in the Shenandoah Valley; federal agencies in Northern Virginia, including the headquarters of the U.S. Department of Defense and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA); and military facilities in Hampton Roads, the site of the region's main seaport.
This Week in Richmond: Kathy Spangler, Keyanna Conner and Susan Clark Schaar
On this episode of This Week in Richmond host David Bailey is joined by Kathy Spangler Director of American Evolution 2019 Commemoration. Then Keyanna Conner, Secretary of Administration along with Susan Clark Schaar, Clerk of the Senate of Virginia discus the Virginia Women's Monument.
Dr. A. E. Dick Howard; Madison Vision Series
A popular government without popular information or the means of acquiring it is but a prologue to a farce or a tragedy or perhaps both. - James Madison
To honor Madison the man and the conviction he expressed in this quotation, James Madison University presents: the Madison Vision Series; Contemporary Issues in an Engaged Society.
Thomas Jefferson and slavery | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Thomas Jefferson and slavery
00:03:17 1 Early years (1743–1774)
00:08:16 2 Revolutionary period (1775–1783)
00:12:59 3 Following the Revolution (1784–1800)
00:17:43 4 As President (1801–1809)
00:17:54 4.1 Moved slaves to White House
00:18:31 4.2 Haitian independence
00:21:33 4.3 Virginia emancipation law modified
00:22:14 4.4 Ended international slave trade
00:24:08 5 Retirement (1810–1826)
00:29:44 6 Posthumous (1827–1830)
00:31:59 7 Sally Hemings and her children
00:35:18 8 Monticello slave life
00:41:42 9 iNotes on the State of Virginia/i (1785)
00:42:14 9.1 Views on race
00:44:17 9.2 Support for colonization plan
00:45:09 9.3 Criticism for effects of slavery
00:45:51 10 Evaluations by historians
00:53:14 11 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
In U.S. history, the relationship between Thomas Jefferson and slavery was a complex one in that Jefferson worked to gradually end the practice of slavery while himself owning hundreds of African-American slaves throughout his adult life. Jefferson's position on slavery has been extensively studied and debated by his biographers and by scholars of slavery.Starting in 1767 at age 24, Jefferson inherited 5,000 acres of land and 52 slaves by his father's will. In 1768, Jefferson began construction of his Monticello plantation. Through his marriage to Martha Wayles in 1772 and inheritance from his father-in-law John Wayles, in 1773 Jefferson inherited two plantations and 135 slaves. By 1776, Jefferson was one of the largest planters in Virginia. However, the value of his property (land and slaves) was increasingly offset by his growing debts, which made it very difficult to free his slaves and thereby lose them as assets.In his writings on American grievances justifying the Revolution, he attacked the British for sponsoring the slave trade to the colonies. In 1778, with Jefferson's leadership, slave importation was banned in Virginia, one of the first jurisdictions worldwide to do so. Jefferson was a lifelong advocate of ending the trade and as president led the effort to criminalize the international slave trade that passed Congress and he signed in 1807, shortly before Britain passed a similar law.In 1779, as a practical solution to end slavery, Jefferson supported gradual emancipation, training, and colonization of African-American slaves rather than unconditional manumission, believing that releasing unprepared slaves with no place to go and no means to support themselves would only bring them misfortune. In 1784, Jefferson proposed federal legislation banning slavery in the New Territories of the North and South after 1800, which failed to pass Congress by one vote. In his Notes on the State of Virginia, published in 1785, Jefferson expressed the beliefs that slavery corrupted both masters and slaves alike, supported colonization of freed slaves, suspected that African-Americans were inferior in intelligence, and that emancipating large numbers of slaves made slave uprisings more likely. In 1794 and 1796, Jefferson manumitted by deed two of his male slaves; they had been trained and were qualified to hold employment.
Historians now accept that after the death of his wife Martha, Jefferson had a long-term relationship with her half-sister, Sally Hemings, a slave at Monticello. Jefferson allowed two of Sally Hemings's surviving four children to escape, the other two he freed through his will after his death. The children were the only family to gain freedom from Monticello. In 1824, Jefferson proposed a national plan to end slavery by the federal government purchasing African-American slave children for $12.50, raising and training them in occupations of freemen, and sending them to the country of Santo Domingo. In his will, Jefferson freed three other male slaves, all older men who had worked for him for decades. In 1827, the remaining 130 slaves at Monticello were sold to pay the debts of Jefferson's estate.
List of works about the Dutch East India Company | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:07:29 1 Non-fiction
00:07:38 1.1 Books, dissertations and theses
00:07:49 1.1.1 General
00:24:47 1.1.2 Roles in economic, financial and business history
00:44:41 1.1.3 Science, technology, and culture in the VOC World
01:01:53 1.1.4 VOC military and political history
01:06:02 1.1.5 VOC maritime history (VOC in the Age of Exploration)
01:24:44 1.1.6 VOC historiography
01:27:47 1.1.7 VOC people
01:42:03 1.1.8 VOC in Europe
01:47:45 1.1.9 VOC in Africa
02:08:51 1.1.10 VOC in South and West Asia (including the Indian subcontinent)
02:30:42 1.1.11 VOC in Southeast Asia (including the East Indies)
02:44:53 1.1.12 VOC in East Asia
03:09:42 1.2 Journal articles, scholarly papers, essays, and book chapters
03:09:55 1.2.1 General history
03:42:39 1.2.2 Economic, financial and business history
04:35:09 1.2.3 Cultural and social history
05:29:40 1.2.4 Military and political history
05:54:16 1.2.5 Maritime history
06:12:14 2 Fiction
06:13:42 3 Audio
06:14:30 4 Video
06:15:16 5 Seminars and symposiums
06:15:42 6 Documentary
06:16:09 7 Film
06:16:27 8 Music
06:16:40 9 VOC World in visual arts
06:17:01 10 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8284446142312462
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-C
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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The Dutch East India Company (Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie or VOC) is one of the most influential and best expertly researched companies/corporations in history. As an exemplary historical company-state, the VOC had effectively transformed itself from a corporate entity into a state, an empire, or even a world in its own right. The VOC World (i.e. networks of people, places, things, activities, and events associated with the Dutch East India Company) has been the subject of a vast amount of literature that includes both fiction and non-fiction works. VOC World studies is an international multidisciplinary field focused on social, cultural, religious, scientific, technological, economic, financial, business, maritime, military, political, legal, diplomatic activities, institutional organization, and administration of the VOC and its colourful world. Some of the notable VOC historians/scholars include Sinnappah Arasaratnam, Leonard Blussé, Peter Borschberg, Charles Ralph Boxer, Jaap Bruijn, Femme Gaastra, Om Prakash, Günter Schilder, and Nigel Worden.
In terms of global business history, the lessons from the VOC's success and failure are critically important. With a permanent capital base, the VOC was the first permanently organized limited-liability joint-stock company at the dawn of modern capitalism. As an early pioneering model of the modern corporation, the VOC was the first corporation to be ever actually listed on a formal stock exchange. In the early 1600s the VOC became the world's first formally listed public company (or publicly listed company) by widely issuing bonds and shares of stock to the general public. In many respects, modern-day publicly listed multinational corporations (including Forbes Global 2000 companies) are all 'descendants' of the 17th-century VOC business model.
For almost 200 years of its existence (1602–1800), the Company played crucial roles in business, financial, socio-politico-economic, military-political, diplomatic, legal, ethnic, and exploratory maritime history of the world. In the early modern period, the VOC was the driving force behind the rise of corporate-led globalization, corporate power, corporate identity, corporate culture, corporate social responsibility, corporate governance, corporate finance, corporate capitalism, and finance capitalism. It was the VOC's institutional innovations and business practices that laid the foundations for the rise of giant global corporations to become a highly significant and formidable socio-politico-economic force of the modern world as we know it today ...
Thomas Jefferson | Wikipedia audio article
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Thomas Jefferson
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
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Thomas Jefferson (April 13, [O.S. April 2] 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American Founding Father who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence and later served as the third President of the United States from 1801 to 1809. Previously, he had been elected the second Vice President of the United States, serving under John Adams from 1797 to 1801. He was a proponent of democracy, republicanism, and individual rights motivating American colonists to break from Great Britain and form a new nation; he produced formative documents and decisions at both the state and national level.
Jefferson was mainly of English ancestry, born and educated in colonial Virginia. He graduated from the College of William & Mary and briefly practiced law, with the largest number of his cases concerning land ownership claims. During the American Revolution, he represented Virginia in the Continental Congress that adopted the Declaration, drafted the law for religious freedom as a Virginia legislator, and served as a wartime governor (1779–1781). He became the United States Minister to France in May 1785, and subsequently the nation's first Secretary of State in 1790–1793 under President George Washington. Jefferson and James Madison organized the Democratic-Republican Party to oppose the Federalist Party during the formation of the First Party System. With Madison, he anonymously wrote the controversial Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions in 1798–1799, which sought to strengthen states' rights by nullifying the federal Alien and Sedition Acts.
As President, Jefferson pursued the nation's shipping and trade interests against Barbary pirates and aggressive British trade policies. He also organized the Louisiana Purchase, almost doubling the country's territory. As a result of peace negotiations with France, his administration reduced military forces. He was reelected in 1804. Jefferson's second term was beset with difficulties at home, including the trial of former Vice President Aaron Burr. American foreign trade was diminished when Jefferson implemented the Embargo Act of 1807, responding to British threats to U.S. shipping. In 1803, Jefferson began a controversial process of Indian tribe removal to the newly organized Louisiana Territory, and he signed the Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves in 1807.
Jefferson, while primarily a planter, lawyer and politician, mastered many disciplines, which ranged from surveying and mathematics to horticulture and mechanics. He was an architect in the classical tradition. Jefferson's keen interest in religion and philosophy led to his presidency of the American Philosophical Society; he shunned organized religion but was influenced by both Christianity and deism. A philologist, Jefferson knew several languages. He was a prolific letter writer and corresponded with many prominent people. His only full-length book is Notes on the State of Virginia (1785), considered perhaps the most important American book published before 1800. After retiring from public office, Jefferson founded the University of Virginia.
Although regarded as a leading spokesman for democracy and republicanism in the era of the Enlightenment, Jefferson's historical legacy is mixed. Some modern scholarship has been critical of Jefferson's private life, pointing out the contradiction between his ownership of the large numbers of slaves that worked his plantations and his famous declaration that all men are created equal. Another point of controversy stems from the evidence that after his wife Martha died in 1782, Jefferson fathered children with Martha's half-sister, Sally Hemings, who was his slave. Nonetheless, presidential scholars and historians generally praise his public achievements, including his advocacy of religious freedom and tolerance in Virginia. Jefferson continues to rank highly among U.S. presidents.
Diogenes of Sinope | Wikipedia audio article
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Diogenes of Sinope
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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Diogenes (; Greek: Διογένης, Diogenēs [di.oɡénɛ͜ɛs]), also known as Diogenes the Cynic (Ancient Greek: Διογένης ὁ Κυνικός, Diogenēs ho Kynikos), was a Greek philosopher and one of the founders of Cynic philosophy. He was born in Sinope, an Ionian colony on the Black Sea, in 412 or 404 BC and died at Corinth in 323 BC.Diogenes was a controversial figure. His father minted coins for a living, and Diogenes was banished from Sinope when he took to debasement of currency. After being exiled, he moved to Athens and criticized many cultural conventions of the city. He modeled himself on the example of Heracles, and believed that virtue was better revealed in action than in theory. He used his simple life-style and behaviour to criticize the social values and institutions of what he saw as a corrupt, confused society. He had a reputation for sleeping and eating wherever he chose in a highly non-traditional fashion, and took to toughening himself against nature. He declared himself a cosmopolitan and a citizen of the world rather than claiming allegiance to just one place. There are many tales about his dogging Antisthenes' footsteps and becoming his faithful hound.Diogenes made a virtue of poverty. He begged for a living and often slept in a large ceramic jar in the marketplace. He became notorious for his philosophical stunts, such as carrying a lamp during the day, claiming to be looking for an honest man. He criticized Plato, disputed his interpretation of Socrates, and sabotaged his lectures, sometimes distracting attenders by bringing food and eating during the discussions. Diogenes was also noted for having publicly mocked Alexander the Great.Diogenes was captured by pirates and sold into slavery, eventually settling in Corinth. There he passed his philosophy of Cynicism to Crates, who taught it to Zeno of Citium, who fashioned it into the school of Stoicism, one of the most enduring schools of Greek philosophy. None of Diogenes' writings have survived, but there are some details of his life from anecdotes (chreia), especially from Diogenes Laërtius' book Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers and some other sources.
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