Ben Franklin's Library Today
2 minute video of our University Library
Hampton Inn Franklin/Milford - Franklin, Massachusetts
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Discover the perfect blend of history and shopping.
Welcome to our Hampton Inn Franklin/Milford hotel. A convenient choice among hotels in Franklin, MA, the Hampton Inn is located near Wrentham Village Premium Outlets, Southwick Zoo, Gillette Stadium, Patriot Place and plenty of other fantastic things to see and do in the area.
Recently renovated, in March, 2013, the hotel now boasts a modern Perfect Mix lobby with community seating, a JumpStart fitness room and fresh carpets in the guest rooms.
Visit the Franklin Public library, featuring a collection of books given by Benjamin Franklin, or discover an array of outdoor activities. Play golf at Maple Gate Country Club, plan a spectacular outdoor wedding at one of the popular wedding venues in the area, or simply enjoy the peaceful New England scenery surrounding our Franklin/Milford hotel.
Receive a warm welcome and make yourself at home at our Hampton Inn Franklin-Milford hotel. Unwind in a comfy guest room and watch TV, or stay connected using the handy lap desk and free internet access.
Start your day right with Hampton's free hot breakfast and famous waffles, or take a healthy Hampton On the Run® Breakfast Bag on your way out the door Monday through Friday. Catch up with work in our free business center, or discuss business in our flexible event space. Enjoy an invigorating workout in our fitness center or take a refreshing dip in our outdoor pool.
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Benjamin Franklin Presidential Library
Welcome to the Ben Franklin Presidential Library, serving the people of America by sharing the fascinating life story of the founding father and U.S. President Benjamin Franklin. Each year the library receives over 500,000 visitors, giving it the highest visitation rate of any presidential library in the nation. The library, which houses 45 million pages of historical documents and opened it's doors on Franklin's 300th birthday, January 17, 2006 was a long time in coming for the man who formed the first public lending library in America.
(This was our 2010 April Fools joke using the Ben Franklin Exhibit that was on display at the Minnesota History Center. No need to actually believe unless you really want to. However, visit the following link to separate the fallacy and facts on Ben Franklin:
Become a fan of the Minnesota Historical Society on Facebook and a follower on Twitter
Ben Franklin & Ray Family Library
Dean College Historian, Dr. Rob Lawson, talks about the creation and architecture of the first public library in the United States, the Ben Franklin & Ray Family Library.
Benjamin Franklin - Innovative American - Books & Libraries
Ben discusses books and libraries
The Boston Public Library.mp4
A quick tour of the BPL.
US Bi-centennial in Franklin Park, IL Part 2
US Bi-centennial in Franklin Park, IL Part 2
BOSTON | MASSACHUSETTS . Бостон Знакомства . США | USA
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#Бостон - один из самых известных городов #США, #столица и крупнейший город штата #Массачусетс, культурная и экономическая столица региона США #НоваяАнглия.
Бостон, основанный 17 сентября 1630 года, был назван в честь небольшого британского города Бостон, расположенного в английском графстве #Линкольншир. Как и многие другие города в США, он получил свое название по имени родного города нескольких видных колонистов - основателей Бостона. Подробнее - на странице История Бостона.
Бостон - #крупный #морской #порт, он расположен на #берегу #Бостонскойбухты Массачусетского #залив.
Для Бостона характерен влажный континентальный климат, #Лето в Бостоне #теплое и #дождливое, средняя #температура самого жаркого месяца - июля - 23,3°С. #Зима #холодная, #ветреная и #снежная. Средняя температура самого холодного месяца - января - -1,5°С.
#Современный Бостон - один из крупнейших в США центров высшего образования и медицины. Ведущие роли в экономике Бостона играют также научные #исследования, #электроника, #машиностроение, #финансы, #туризм. Последнее время в Бостоне стремительно развиваются высокотехнологичные производства, в том числе биотехнологии.
Бостон - #дорогой город, здесь одни из самых высоких в США расходы на проживание. В то же время Бостон - один из наиболее благоустроенных городов США.
Бостон - город с богатой и интересной историей, поэтому он привлекает много туристов.
#Boston is one of the oldest cities in the #UnitedStates, founded on the #ShawmutPeninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from England.It was the scene of several key events of the #AmericanRevolution, such as the #BostonMassacre, the Boston Tea Party, the Battle of Bunker Hill, and the Siege of Boston. Upon gaining U.S. independence from #GreatBritain, it continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub as well as a center for education and culture.The city has expanded beyond the original peninsula through land reclamation and municipal annexation. Its rich history attracts many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone drawing more than 20 million visitors per year.Boston's many firsts include the United States' first public park (Boston Common, 1634), first public or state school (Boston Latin School, 1635)and #firstsubwaysystem (Tremont Street Subway, 1897).
The Boston area's many #colleges and #universities make it an international center of #higher #education, including law, medicine, engineering, and business, and the city is considered to be a world leader in innovation and entrepreneurship, with nearly 2,000 startups.Boston's economic base also includes finance,professional and #business services, #biotechnology, #information technology, and #government activities.#Households in the city claim the highest average rate of philanthropy in the United States; #businesses and institutions rank among the top in the country for environmental sustainability and investment.The city has one of the highest costs of living in the United States as it has undergone gentrification,though it remains high on world livability rankings.
Noam Chomsky: Bernie Sanders Not a Radical, He Has Mass Support for Positions on Healthcare & Taxes
- During an event Tuesday night, Noam Chomsky was asked about Democratic presidential candidate Bernie Sanders and said he considered him more of a “New Deal Democrat” than a radical extremist, as some have portrayed him. Chomsky said Sanders’ positions on taxes and health care are supported by a majority of the American public, and have been for a long time. He added that Sanders has mobilized a large number of young people who are saying look we’re not going to consent any more. If that turns into a continuing organized mobilized force, that could change the country. Maybe not for this election, but in the longer term.
Chomsky is a world-renowned political dissident, linguist, author and institute professor emeritus at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he’s taught for more than half a century. He spoke at the Brooklyn Public Library at an event hosted by Live from the NYPL.
The event also featured, Greece’s former finance minister, Yanis Varoufakis. He discusses his role in the country’s financial crisis in his new book, And the Weak Suffer What They Must?: Europe’s Crisis and America’s Economic Future.
Varoufakis will be a guest Thursday on Democracy Now!
Democracy Now! is an independent global news hour that airs weekdays on nearly 1,400 TV and radio stations Monday through Friday. Watch our livestream 8-9AM ET:
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Boston Public Library (4-11-2011)
History of Revere/Boston.
HARVARD UNIVERSITY Tour Boston Massachusetts USA
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#harvard
Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, established 1636, whose history, influence and wealth have made it one of the most prestigious universities in the world.
Established originally by the Massachusetts legislature and soon thereafter named for John Harvard (its first benefactor), Harvard is the United States' oldest institution of higher learning, and the Harvard Corporation (formally, the President and Fellows of Harvard College) is its first chartered corporation. Although never formally affiliated with any denomination, the early College primarily trained Congregationalist and Unitarian clergy. Its curriculum and student body were gradually secularized during the 18th century, and by the 19th century Harvard had emerged as the central cultural establishment among Boston elites. Following the American Civil War, President Charles W. Eliot's long tenure (1869–1909) transformed the college and affiliated professional schools into a modern research university; Harvard was a founding member of the Association of American Universities in 1900. James Bryant Conant led the university through the Great Depression and World War II and began to reform the curriculum and liberalize admissions after the war. The undergraduate college became coeducational after its 1977 merger with Radcliffe College.
The University is organized into eleven separate academic units—ten faculties and the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study—with campuses throughout the Boston metropolitan area: its 209-acre (85 ha) main campus is centered on Harvard Yard in Cambridge, approximately 3 miles (5 km) northwest of Boston; the business school and athletics facilities, including Harvard Stadium, are located across the Charles River in the Allston neighborhood of Boston and the medical, dental, and public health schools are in the Longwood Medical Area. Harvard has the largest financial endowment of any academic institution in the world, standing at $36.4 billion.
Harvard is a large, highly residential research university. The nominal cost of attendance is high, but the University's large endowment allows it to offer generous financial aid packages. It operates several arts, cultural, and scientific museums, alongside the Harvard Library, which is the world's largest academic and private library system, comprising 79 individual libraries with over 18 million volumes. Harvard's alumni include eight U.S. presidents, several foreign heads of state, 62 living billionaires, 335 Rhodes Scholars, and 242 Marshall Scholars. To date, some 150 Nobel laureates and 5 Fields Medalists (when awarded) have been affiliated as students, faculty, or staff.
Harvard University is a private institution that was founded in 1636. It has a total undergraduate enrollment of 6,694, its setting is urban, and the campus size is 5,076 acres. It utilizes a semester-based academic calendar. Harvard University’s ranking in the 2016 edition of Best Colleges is National Universities, 2. Its tuition and fees are $45,278 (2015-16).
Harvard is located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, just outside ofBoston. Harvard’s extensive library system houses the oldest collection in the United States and the largest private collection in the world. There is more to the school than endless stacks, though: Harvard’s athletic teams compete in the Ivy League, and every football season ends with “The Game,” an annual matchup between storied rivals Harvard and Yale. At Harvard, on-campus residential housing is an integral part of student life. Freshmen live around the Harvard Yard at the center of campus, after which they are placed in one of 12 undergraduate houses for their remaining three years.
In addition to the College, Harvard is made up of 13 other schools and institutes, including the top-ranked Business School andMedical School and the highly ranked Graduate Education School,School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Law School and John F. Kennedy School of Government. Eight U.S. presidents graduated from Harvard College, including Franklin Delano Roosevelt and John F. Kennedy. Other notable alumni include Henry David Thoreau, Helen Keller, Yo-Yo Ma and Tommy Lee Jones. In 1977, Harvard signed an agreement with sister institute Radcliffe College, uniting them in an educational partnership serving male and female students, although they did not officially merge until 1999. Harvard also has the largest endowment of any school in the world.
Must visit in Boston
Top places to visit in Boston
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Lvfree Adventures
Why is it called Franklin County?
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America's Presidential Libraries: Their Mission And Their Future
America's Presidential Libraries: Their Mission And Their Future - House Oversight Committee - 2011-02-28 - House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. Joint Hearing with Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. [Please note, not all of this hearing was recorded on this video. The full recording will be posted later when we receive it from House Broadcast Studio.] Two Congressional Committees will conduct a joint hearing focusing on the mission and future of our nation's presidential libraries on Monday, February 28th. U.S. Rep. John L. Mica (R-FL), Chairman of the House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, and U.S. Rep. Darrell Issa (R-CA), Chairman of the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, will lead Monday's hearing and receive testimony from the Archivist of the United States, directors of presidential libraries, historians, and Ms. Anna Eleanor Roosevelt, granddaughter of President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Chair of the Board of Directors of the Roosevelt Institute. The hearing will review the relationship between the federal government and our nation's public and private presidential libraries, and examine the future role of the government and the appropriate cooperative relationships that will support and assist these institutions. Video provided by U.S. House of Representatives.
Secretary Barbara Hackman Franklin hosted by the George Bush Foundation
The George Bush Presidential Library Foundation will host Secretary Barbara Hackman Franklin on February 11, 2014, at the George Bush Presidential Library Center at 6:00 pm. Join us as Secretary Franklin discusses her significant accomplishments advancing the role of women in government during the administration of President Richard Nixon, as detailed in the book A Matter of Simple Justice: The Untold Story of Barbara Hackman Franklin and a Few Good Women by Lee Stout.
Boston 4K - Main Street - Driving Downtown - USA
Back Bay is an officially recognized neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. It is most famous for its rows of Victorian brownstone homes—considered one of the best preserved examples of 19th-century urban design in the United States—as well as numerous architecturally significant individual buildings, and cultural institutions such as the Boston Public Library. It is also a fashionable shopping destination (especially Newbury and Boylston Streets, and the adjacent Prudential Center and Copley Place malls) and home to some of Boston's tallest office buildings, the Hynes Convention Center, and numerous major hotels.
Prior to a colossal 19th-century filling project, Back Bay was a literal bay. Today, along with neighboring Beacon Hill, it is one of Boston's two most expensive residential neighborhoods.
Buildings around Copley Square
Copley Square features Trinity Church, the Boston Public Library, the John Hancock Tower, and numerous other notable buildings.
Trinity Church (1872–1877, H.H. Richardson), deservedly regarded as one of the finest buildings in America.
The first monumental structure in Copley Square was the original Museum of Fine Arts, begun 1870 and opened 1876. After museum moved to the Fenway neighborhood in 1909 its red Gothic Revival building was demolished to make way for the Fairmont Copley Plaza Hotel (1912–present).
The Boston Public Library (1888–1892), designed by McKim, Mead, and White, is a leading example of Beaux-Arts architecture in the US. Sited across Copley Square from Trinity Church, it was intended to be a palace for the people. Baedeker's 1893 guide terms it dignified and imposing, simple and scholarly, and a worthy mate... to Trinity Church. At that time, its 600,000 volumes made it the largest free public library in the world.
The Old South Church, also called the New Old South Church (645 Boylston Street on Copley Square), 1872–75, is located across the street from the Boston Public Library. It was designed by the Boston architectural firm of Cummings and Sears in the Venetian Gothic style. The style follows the precepts of the British cultural theorist and architectural critic John Ruskin (1819–1900) as outlined in his treatise The Stones of Venice. Old South Church remains a significant example of Ruskin's influence on architecture in the US. Charles Amos Cummings and Willard T. Sears also designed the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum.
Boston Common (also known as the Common) is a central public park in downtown Boston, Massachusetts. It is sometimes erroneously referred to as the Boston Commons. Dating from 1634, it is the oldest city park in the United States. The Boston Common consists of 50 acres (20 ha) of land bounded by Tremont Street (139 Tremont St.), Park Street, Beacon Street, Charles Street, and Boylston Street. The Common is part of the Emerald Necklace of parks and parkways that extend from the Common south to Franklin Park in Jamaica Plain, Roxbury, and Dorchester. A visitors' center for all of Boston is located on the Tremont Street side of the park.
Boylston Street is the name of a major east-west thoroughfare in the city of Boston, Massachusetts. From west to east, Boston's Boylston Street begins at the intersection of Park Drive and Brookline Avenue as a two-way, six-lane road in Boston's Fenway neighborhood where it runs through three blocks of recently developed and currently under construction (as of 2015) high-rise, mixed-use buildings one block south of Fenway Park before forming the northern boundary of the Back Bay Fens at the Storrow Drive/Commonwealth Avenue right-of-way. Traffic traveling west on Boylston here cannot continue on Boylston Street, and must use Ipswich Street to continue west. Then, Boylston Street enters the Back Bay neighborhood where it becomes a major commercial artery carrying three lanes of one way traffic eastbound after Dalton Street. As it travels through the Back Bay, it forms the northern boundary of busy Copley Square and provides the southern limits to the Boston Public Garden before becoming a two-way street running along Boston Common's southern edge from Charles Street to Tremont Street. After Tremont Street, Boylston returns to carrying one way traffic east before ending at Washington Street in the downtown area where it changes to Essex Street.
Benjamin Franklin Autobiography Audiobook
Benjamin Franklin Autobiography Audiobook
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Franklin was a prominent and influential figure in American history. Franklin was a prolific writer and philosopher, who wrote extensively about religion, philosophy, politics, and science. He was a pioneer in the study of electricity, and was the first to use it to determine the nature of electromagnetism. His inventions include the Franklin stove, bifocals, and the lightning rod. He was the first to develop a system of public libraries, and he co-founded the Philadelphia Public Library. He was the first to openly advocate for a union of the British and the American colonies, and his writings are still to this day influential in the American and British political circles. He was the first American ambassador to the French Republic. Franklin's vision of America was a union of the practical, the pragmatic, the pragmatic and the religious. The modern Puritan can be combined with the Enlightenment without its heat. If the most influential person was Franklin, he was the most important person in the history of America, in the minds of the people who voted for him.
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0:07:21 04 - Benjamin Franklin - As Po
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0:19:06 06 - Benjamin Franklin - As Ma
0:25:38 07 - Benjamin Franklin - As Pr
0:33:08 08 - Franklin in Massachusetts
0:36:29 09 - Franklin as a Pennsylvani
0:44:06 10 - Franklin as a Pennsylvani
0:50:00 11 - Franklin in the Revolutio
0:55:27 12 - Franklin in the Federal C
0:59:18 13 - The Open Letter
1:04:59 14 - Daylight Saving Franklin'
#BenjaminFranklin #Autobiography #audiobook
The Great History of Benjamin Franklin in Tamil Short Story 2018
Benjamin Franklin was born on January 17, 1706, in colonial Boston. His father, Josiah Franklin (1657-1745), a native of England, was a candle and soap maker who married twice and had 17 children. Franklin’s mother was Abiah Folger (1667-1752) of Nantucket, Massachusetts, Josiah’s second wife. Franklin was the eighth of Abiah and Josiah’s 10 offspring.
Did You Know?
Benjamin Franklin is the only founding father to have signed all four of the key documents establishing the U.S.: the Declaration of Independence (1776), the Treaty of Alliance with France (1778), the Treaty of Paris establishing peace with Great Britain (1783) and the U.S. Constitution (1787).
Franklin’s formal education was limited and ended when he was 10; however, he was an avid reader and taught himself to become a skilled writer. In 1718, at age 12, he was apprenticed to his older brother James, a Boston printer. By age 16, Franklin was contributing essays (under the pseudonym Silence Dogood) to a newspaper published by his brother. At age 17, Franklin ran away from his apprenticeship to Philadelphia, where he found work as a printer. In late 1724, he traveled to London, England, and again found employment in the printing business.
Franklin as Printer and Publisher
Benjamin Franklin returned to Philadelphia in 1726, and two years later opened a printing shop. The business became highly successful producing a range of materials, including government pamphlets, books and currency. In 1729, Franklin became the owner and publisher of a colonial newspaper, the Pennsylvania Gazette, which proved popular–and to which he contributed much of the content, often using pseudonyms. Franklin achieved fame and further financial success with “Poor Richard’s Almanack,” which he published every year from 1733 to 1758. The almanac became known for its witty sayings, which often had to do with the importance of diligence and frugality,” such as “Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.”
In 1730, Franklin began living with Deborah Read (c. 1705-74), the daughter of his former Philadelphia landlady, as his common-law wife. Read’s first husband had abandoned her; however, due to bigamy laws, she and Franklin could not have an official wedding ceremony. Franklin and Read had a son, Francis (1732-36), who died of smallpox at age 4, and a daughter, Sarah (1743-1808). Franklin had another son, William (c. 1730-1813), who was born out of wedlock. William Franklin served as the last colonial governor of New Jersey, from 1763 to 1776, and remained loyal to the British during the American Revolution. He died in exile in England.
Franklin and Philadelphia
As Franklin’s printing business prospered, he became increasingly involved in civic affairs. Starting in the 1730s, he helped establish a number of community organizations in Philadelphia, including a lending library (it was founded in 1731, a time when books weren’t widely available in the colonies, and remained the largest U.S. public library until the 1850s), the city’s first fire company, a police patrol and the American Philosophical Society, a group devoted to the sciences and other scholarly pursuits. Franklin also organized the Pennsylvania militia, raised funds to build a city hospital and spearheaded a program to pave and light city streets. Additionally, Franklin was instrumental in the creation of the Academy of Philadelphia, a college which opened in 1751 and became known as the University of Pennsylvania in 1791.
Franklin also was a key figure in the colonial postal system. In 1737, the British appointed him postmaster of Philadelphia, and he went on to become, in 1753, joint postmaster general for all the American colonies. In this role he instituted various measures to improve mail service; however, the British dismissed him from the job in 1774 because he was deemed too sympathetic to colonial interests. In July 1775, the Continental Congress appointed Franklin the first postmaster general of the United States, giving him authority over all post offices from Massachusetts to Georgia. He held this position until November 1776, when he was succeeded by his son-in-law. (The first U.S. postage stamps, issued on July 1, 1847, featured images of Benjamin Franklin and George Washington.)
Benjamin Franklin: Scientist and Inventor
In 1748, Franklin, then 42 years old, had expanded his printing business throughout the colonies and become successful enough to stop working. Retirement allowed him to concentrate on public service and also pursue more fully his longtime interest in science. In the 1740s, he conducted experiments that contributed to the understanding of electricity, and invented the lightning rod, which protected buildings from fires caused by lightning. In 1752, he conducted his famous kite experiment and demonstrated that lightning is electricity. Franklin also coined a number of electricity-related terms, including battery, charge and conductor.
5 Important Lessons Young People Should Learn From Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin was born on 17 January 1706 in Boston, Massachusetts.
He is famous as one of the foremost Founding Fathers in American history.
Franklin was a writer, diplomat, scientist, inventor, and statesman that identified as a printer. He was remarkably versatile and earned his wealth and status as a self-made businessman that became an early model of the American dream.
So how did Benjamin Franklin become so successful and what can young people learn from him?
In this video, we’ll share with you; 5 important lessons young people should learn from Benjamin Franklin.
If you’re new here, consider subscribing so that you won’t miss other interesting videos like this
Do We Still Need Libraries?
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In the internet age what's the point of libraries? Do we even still need these brick and mortar buildings when a lot of knowledge can be found online? Today, Danielle examines the history of libraries around the world and what role they still play in society.
Written and Hosted by: Danielle Bainbridge
Produced by Complexly for PBS Digital Studios
#library #librarian #education
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Origin of Everything is a show about the undertold histories and cultural dialogues that make up our collective story. From the food we eat, to the trivia and fun facts we can’t seem to get out of our heads, to the social issues we can’t stop debating, everything around us has a history. Origin of Everything is here to explore it all. We like to think that no topic is too small or too challenging to get started.
Works Cited
Black librarianship:
McHenry, Elizabeth. “An Association of Kindred Spirits: Black Readers and Their Reading Rooms,” in Augst and Carpenter, eds. Institutions of Reading: The Social Life of Libraries in the United States (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2007), pp. 99-118.
Fultz, Michael. Black Public Libraries in the South in the Era of De Jure Segregation. Libraries & the Cultural Record 41, no. 3 (2006): 337-59.
Whitmire, Ethelene. Breaking the Color Barrier: Regina Andrews and the New York Public Library. Libraries & the Cultural Record42, no. 4 (2007): 409-21.
Welburn, William C. To Keep the Past in Lively Memory: William Carl Bolivar's Efforts to Preserve African American Cultural Heritage. Libraries & the Cultural Record 42, no. 2 (2007): 165-79.
History of Libraries:
(ALA Works Cited for history of the library)
Reading Publics: New York City’s Public Libraries 1754-1911 Tom Glynn
Augst, Thomas, and Kenneth Carpenter, eds. Institutions of Reading: The Social Life of Libraries in the United States. University of Massachusetts Press, 2007.
Carpenter, Kenneth, and Thomas Augst. The History of Libraries in the United States: A Conference Report. Libraries & Culture38, no. 1 (2003): 61-66.
Augst, Thomas. Introduction: American Libraries and Agencies of Culture. American Studies 42, no. 3 (2001): 5-22.
Goedeken, Edward A. The Literature of American Library History, 2006-2007. Libraries & the Cultural Record 44, no. 4 (2009): 434-70.
Riedlmayer, András. Erasing the Past: The Destruction of Libraries and Archives in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Middle East Studies Association Bulletin 29, no. 1 (1995): 7-11.
Do we still need libraries?:
Opinion Pieces (WashPo and NYTimes):
Benjamin Franklin | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Benjamin Franklin
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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Benjamin Franklin (January 17, 1706 [O.S. January 6, 1705] – April 17, 1790) was an American polymath and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. Franklin was a leading author, printer, political theorist, politician, freemason, postmaster, scientist, inventor, humorist, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat. As a scientist, he was a major figure in the American Enlightenment and the history of physics for his discoveries and theories regarding electricity. As an inventor, he is known for the lightning rod, bifocals, and the Franklin stove, among other inventions. He founded many civic organizations, including the Library Company, Philadelphia's first fire department and the University of Pennsylvania.Franklin earned the title of The First American for his early and indefatigable campaigning for colonial unity, initially as an author and spokesman in London for several colonies. As the first United States Ambassador to France, he exemplified the emerging American nation. Franklin was foundational in defining the American ethos as a marriage of the practical values of thrift, hard work, education, community spirit, self-governing institutions, and opposition to authoritarianism both political and religious, with the scientific and tolerant values of the Enlightenment. In the words of historian Henry Steele Commager, In a Franklin could be merged the virtues of Puritanism without its defects, the illumination of the Enlightenment without its heat. To Walter Isaacson, this makes Franklin the most accomplished American of his age and the most influential in inventing the type of society America would become.Franklin became a successful newspaper editor and printer in Philadelphia, the leading city in the colonies, publishing the Pennsylvania Gazette at the age of 23. He became wealthy publishing this and Poor Richard's Almanack, which he authored under the pseudonym Richard Saunders. After 1767, he was associated with the Pennsylvania Chronicle, a newspaper that was known for its revolutionary sentiments and criticisms of British policies.
He pioneered and was first president of Academy and College of Philadelphia which opened in 1751 and later became the University of Pennsylvania. He organized and was the first secretary of the American Philosophical Society and was elected president in 1769. Franklin became a national hero in America as an agent for several colonies when he spearheaded an effort in London to have the Parliament of Great Britain repeal the unpopular Stamp Act. An accomplished diplomat, he was widely admired among the French as American minister to Paris and was a major figure in the development of positive Franco-American relations. His efforts proved vital for the American Revolution in securing shipments of crucial munitions from France.
He was promoted to deputy postmaster-general for the British colonies in 1753, having been Philadelphia postmaster for many years, and this enabled him to set up the first national communications network. During the revolution, he became the first United States Postmaster General. He was active in community affairs and colonial and state politics, as well as national and international affairs. From 1785 to 1788, he served as governor of Pennsylvania. He initially owned and dealt in slaves but, by the 1750s, he argued against slavery from an economic perspective and became one of the most prominent abolitionists.
His colorful life and legacy of scientific and political achievement, and his status as one of America's most influential Founding Fathers, have seen Franklin honored more than two centuries after his death on coinage and the $100 bill, warships, and the names of many towns, counties, educational institutions, and corporations, as well as countless cultural references.