Asian Art Museums Japans Early Ambassadors 1860-1927
Japan's Early Ambassadors to San Francisco, 1860--1927
May 4 -- November 21, 2010
San Francisco, CA, March 30, 2010: Timed to coincide with the 150th anniversary of the arrival of the ship Kanrin Maru and the first Japanese embassy to the United States, Japan's Early Ambassadors to San Francisco, 1860--1927 focuses on some of the first Japanese diplomats and cultural emissaries in San Francisco, and how they responded to the experience of being in America. It highlights more than 40 artworks and other visual media associated with the first mission, with travel to the U.S., and with Japanese artists and cultural leaders active in San Francisco between 1880 and 1927. The thematic exhibit—on view in the museum's Japan galleries—addresses the personal and artistic challenges faced by these artists, which included discriminatory practices and attitudes, and an anti-Japanese movement tied directly to the 1924 Exclusion Act prohibiting further immigration from Japan. The exhibit culminates with a presentation of two of the Friendship Dolls sent to San Francisco as goodwill ambassadors from Japan in 1927, part of an orchestrated response to this law. Together, the artworks on view demonstrate both San Francisco's significance in the early years of Japan-U.S. relations as well as its role as a destination and as a gateway to the West for Japanese coming to America.
Japan's Early Ambassadors is divided into three sections: 1) Arrival of the Kanrin Maru and the First Japanese Embassy, 1860; 2) Early Japanese Cultural Ambassadors and Artists in San Francisco; and 3) Ambassadors of Goodwill: The Friendship Dolls of 1927.
The first section focuses on the 1860 diplomatic delegation that arrived in San Francisco on two ships, the Kanrin Maru and the USS Powhatan, as well as circumstances that led up to the mission and its aftermath. The ships carried a number of figures who played important roles in the modernization of Japan, including Fukuzawa Yukichi (1835--1901) and Nakahama John Manjiro (1827--1898). The featured artwork on view in this section is a rare, handwritten diary manuscript by one of the samurai retainers on the mission, illustrated with sketches of San Francisco in 1860. Also featured are paintings from the Black Ship Scroll documenting Commodore Perry's opening of Japan six years earlier, and some of the diplomatic gifts the delegation brought to San Francisco.
The second section spotlights on artists and cultural ambassadors who came to San Francisco in the earliest years of Japanese emigration and made the Bay Area their temporary or permanent home. Cultural ambassadors highlighted in this section are: Makoto Hagiwara, who served as the caretaker of the Japanese Tea Garden in Golden Gate Park for over 25 years; artist Henry Yoshitaka Kiyama (1885-1951), who studied at the San Francisco Art Institute and produced America's first graphic novel entitled The Four Immigrants Manga which documents the hardships experienced by Japanese immigrants in the first quarter of the twentieth century; painter Toshio Aoki (also known as Aoki Hyosai, 1853--1912), who drew on his traditional Japanese training to produce baroque imagery that appealed to Californian patrons and also reflected contemporary Meiji painting trends; and painter Chiura Obata (1885--1975), whose images of California integrated formal art training in Japan with lessons from contemporary American artists and first-hand observation of local scenery. Obata went on to become a renowned and beloved teacher of painting at U.C. Berkeley. For all of these artists, creative work had to straddle two worlds, balancing lessons from the West with artistic issues relevant back in Japan. Competing with non-Asian residents in public and civic spheres of activity, they participated in a discourse full of both trials and triumphs on what it meant to be Japanese in America.