Russian Civil War
The Russian Civil War (Russian: Гражданская война́ в Росси́и Grazhdanskaya voyna v Rossiy) (November 1917 – October 1922) was a multi-party war in the former Russian Empire fought between the Bolshevik Red Army and the White Army, the loosely allied anti-Bolshevik forces. Many foreign armies warred against the Red Army, notably the Allied Forces and the pro-German armies. The Red Army defeated the White Armed Forces of South Russia in Ukraine and the army led by Aleksandr Kolchak in Siberia in 1919. The remains of the White forces commanded by Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel were beaten in the Crimea and were evacuated in the autumn of 1920.
Many pro-independence movements emerged after the break-up of the Russian Empire and fought in the war. A number of them – Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland – were established as sovereign states. The rest of the former Russian Empire was consolidated into the Soviet Union shortly afterwards.
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метро́ Свиблово Москва - metro Sviblovo of Moscow
Metropolitan of Moscow. This is the most intensively used subway system in the world.
Sviblovo - way station Kaluzhsko-Riga line of the Moscow metro. Opened on 29 Sept 1978, in the section ENEA - Medvedkovo. Walls are lined with white marble with gray streaks koelga tiled black and gray granite. The ceiling is supported by two rows of columns of pale marble, which are decorated with vertical decorative inlays of gold anodized aluminum. By the north exit located smalt panel Tale of Igor's Campaign, and from the south - Girls in folk costumes. Both panels are placed on the stairs. The top of the track walls is a frieze with 48 mosaic images (24 for each wall), dedicated to the city of Russia. Half of the mosaics is a coat of arms, the other - square panels (author - M. Korolev). Coats of arms and panels alternate with each other. Each mosaic cast signed letters, stylized Old Slavic script. Emblazoned mainly the northern and north-eastern cities is not accidental - in the 1960s, near the station planned construction of the railway station, receiving and Yaroslavsky train Savelovsky directions. Emblems Panel. I way: 1. Tutaev. 3. Pereslavl. 5. Reach. 7. Galich. 9. Rybinsk.11. Kostroma.13. Yuriev-Polsky. 15. Moscow.17. Vetluga.19. Noginsk.21. Alexandrov. 23. Makaryev. 2. Abramtsevo. 4. Furmanov. 6. Fedoskino. 8. Uglich. 10. Mstera.12. Slides Pereslavl. 14. Dulevo. 16. Orekhovo-. 18. Tolbukhin. 20. Arkhangelsk. 22. Volgorechensk. 24. Forest Glade. II track: 25. Shuya. 27. Rostov. 29. Vyazniki. 31. Kineshma. 33. Vladimir. 35. Kirzhach. 37. Danilov.39. Moore.41. Yaroslavl.43. Gorokhovets. 45. Kologriv.47. Carpet.26. Susanino. 28. Veskovo. 30. Pushkino.32. Ivanovo. 34. Mytishchi. 36. Palekh. 38. Shchelkovo. 40. Borok. 42. Lakinsk.44. Suzdal. 46. Zagorsk 48. Karavaevo. Moskova Büyükşehir. Bu dünyanın en yoğun olarak kullanılan metro sistemidir. Moskova Büyükşehir. Bu dünyanın en yoğun olarak kullanılan metro sistemi. Sviblovo - Moskova metro yolu istasyonu Kaluzhsko-Riga hattı.Bölümünde ENEA in, 29 Eylül 1978 tarihinde açılan - . Medvedkovo Duvarlar gri çizgiler koelga karo siyah ve gri granit ile beyaz mermer ile kaplı.Tavan altın anodize alüminyum dikey dekoratif inley ile dekore edilmiştir soluk mermer, iki sıra sütunla tarafından desteklenmektedir. Kobalt mavisi paneli Igor Kampanyası Tale bulunduğu kuzey çıkışında tarafından ve güney - halk kostümleri Girls in. Hem panelleri merdivenlerden yerleştirilir.Parça duvarlarının üst Rusya şehrine ithaf 48 mozaik resim (her bir duvar için 24), bir friz olduğunu. Kare panel (yazar - - M. Korolev) mozaiklerin Yarım armayı, diğeri. Silah ve birbirleri ile alternatif paneller Palto. Her mozaik imzalı mektuplar, stilize Eski Slav komut attı. Emblazoned özellikle kuzey ve kuzey-doğu şehirleri tesadüfi değildir - 1960 yılında, istasyon planlanan tren istasyonu inşaatı, alıcı ve Yaroslavsky tren Savelovsky tarifi yakınında. Amblemler Paneli. Ben yolu: 1. Tutaev. 3. Pereslavl. 5. Reach. 7. Galich. 9. Rybinsk.11. Kostroma.13. Yuriev-Polsky. 15. Moscow.17. Vetluga.19. Noginsk.21. Alexandrov. 23. Makaryev. 2. Abramtsevo. 4. Furmanov. 6. Fedoskino. 8. Uglich. 10. Mstera.12. Pereslavl Slaytlar. 14. Dulevo. 16. Orekhovo-. 18. Tolbukhin. 20. Arkhangelsk. 22. Volgorechensk. 24. Forest Glade. II track: 25. Shuya. 27. Rostov. 29. Vyazniki. 31. Kineshma. 33. Vladimir. 35. Kirzhach. 37. Danilov.39. Moore.41. Yaroslavl.43. Gorokhovets. 45. Kologriv.47. Carpet.26. Susanino. 28. Veskovo. 30. Pushkino.32. Ivanovo. 34. Mytishchi. 36. Palekh. 38. Shchelkovo. 40. Borok. 42. Lakinsk.44. Suzdal. 46. Zagorsk. 48. Karavaevo
Метро́ Сви́блово II
Сви́блово - ст_ ММ. Расположена на Калужско-Рижской Л, между ст_ми «Ботанический сад» и «Бабушкинская». 29 сент 1978 г в составе участка «ВДНХ» - «Медведково». «Свиблово» - ст_ (глубина - 8 м). 105 станция ММ. Стены облицованы белым с серыми прожилками мрамором «Коелга», пол выложен чёрным и серым гранитом. Потолок поддерживается двумя рядами по 26 колонн из светлого мрамора; последние украшены декоративными вертикальными вставками из золотистого анодированного алюминия. Шаг колонн - 6,5 м. Со стороны северного выхода расположено смальтовое панно «Сказание о полку Игореве», а со стороны южного - «Девушки в народных одеждах». Оба панно размещены над лестницами.
панно (автор - Ю. М. Королёв). Гербы и панно чередуются друг с другом. Каждая из мозаик подписана литыми буквами, стилизованными под старославянскую вязь This is the most intensively used subway system in the world. Sviblovo - way station Kaluzhsko-Riga line of the Moscow metro. Walls are lined with white marble with gray streaks koelga tiled black and gray granite. The ceiling is supported by two rows of columns of pale marble, which are decorated with vertical decorative inlays of gold anodized aluminum. By the north exit located smalt panel Tale of Igor's Campaign, and from the south - Girls in folk costumes. Both panels are placed on the stairs. The top of the track walls is a frieze with 48 mosaic images (24 for each wall), dedicated to the city of Russia. Half of the mosaics is a coat of arms, the other - square panels (author - M. Korolev). Coats of arms and panels alternate with each other. Each mosaic cast signed letters, stylized Old Slavic script. Emblazoned mainly the northern and north-eastern cities is not accidental - in the 1960s, near the station planned construction of the railway station, receiving and Yaroslavsky train Savelovsky directions. Emblems Panel. I way: 1. Tutaev. 3. Pereslavl. 5. Reach. 7. Galich. 9. Rybinsk.11. Kostroma.13. Yuriev-Polsky. 15. Moscow.17. Vetluga.19. Noginsk.21. Alexandrov. 23. Makaryev. 2. Abramtsevo. 4. Furmanov. 6. Fedoskino. 8. Uglich. 10. Mstera.12. Slides Pereslavl. 14. Dulevo. 16. Orekhovo-. 18. Tolbukhin. 20. Arkhangelsk. 22. Volgorechensk. 24. Forest Glade. II track: 25. Shuya. 27. Rostov. 29. Vyazniki. 31. Kineshma. 33. Vladimir. 35. Kirzhach. 37. Danilov.39. Moore.41. Yaroslavl.43. Gorokhovets. 45. Kologriv.47. Carpet.26. Susanino. 28. Veskovo. 30. Pushkino.32. Ivanovo. 34. Mytishchi. 36. Palekh. 38. Shchelkovo. 40. Borok. 42. Lakinsk.44. Suzdal. 46. Zagorsk 48. Karavaevo. tren istasyonu inşaatı, alıcı ve Yaroslavsky tren Savelovsky tarifi yakınında. Amblemler Paneli. Ben yolu: 1. Tutaev. 3. Pereslavl. 5. Reach. 7. Galich. 9. Rybinsk.11. Kostroma.13. Yuriev-Polsky. 15. Moscow.17. Vetluga.19. Noginsk.21. Alexandrov. 23. Makaryev. 2. Abramtsevo. 4. Furmanov. 6. Fedoskino. 8. Uglich. 10. Mstera.12. Pereslavl Slaytlar. 14. Dulevo. 16. Orekhovo-. 18. Tolbukhin. 20. Arkhangelsk. 22. Volgorechensk. 24. Forest Glade. II track: 25. Shuya. 27. Rostov. 29. Vyazniki. 31. Kineshma. 33. Vladimir. 35. Kirzhach. 37. Danilov.39. Moore.41. Yaroslavl.43. Gorokhovets. 45. Kologriv.47. Carpet.26. Susanino. 28. Veskovo. 30. Pushkino.32. Ivanovo. 34. Mytishchi. 36. Palekh. 38. Shchelkovo. 40. Borok. 42. Lakinsk.44. Suzdal. 46. Zagorsk. 48. Karavaevo
Flying - Almaty, Kazakhstan 2015
Russian Civil War | Wikipedia audio article
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Russian Civil War
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- Socrates
SUMMARY
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The Russian Civil War (Russian: Гражда́нская война́ в Росси́и, tr. Grazhdanskaya voyna v Rossiy; 7 November 1917 – 25 October 1922) was a multi-party war in the former Russian Empire immediately after the two Russian Revolutions of 1917, as many factions vied to determine Russia's political future. The two largest combatant groups were the Red Army, fighting for the Bolshevik form of socialism led by Vladimir Lenin, and the loosely allied forces known as the White Army, which included diverse interests favoring political monarchism, economic capitalism and alternative forms of socialism, each with democratic and antidemocratic variants. In addition, rival militant socialists and nonideological Green armies fought against both the Bolsheviks and the Whites. Eight foreign nations intervened against the Red Army, notably the former Allied military forces from the World War and the pro-German armies. The Red Army eventually defeated the White Armed Forces of South Russia in Ukraine and the army led by Admiral Aleksandr Kolchak to the east in Siberia in 1919. The remains of the White forces commanded by Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel were beaten in Crimea and evacuated in late 1920. Lesser battles of the war continued on the periphery for two more years, and minor skirmishes with the remnants of the White forces in the Far East continued well into 1923. The war ended in 1923 in the sense that Bolshevik communist control of the newly formed Soviet Union was now assured, although armed national resistance in Central Asia was not completely crushed until 1934. There were an estimated 7,000,000–12,000,000 casualties during the war, mostly civilians. The Russian Civil War has been described by some as the greatest national catastrophe that Europe had yet seen.Many pro-independence movements emerged after the break-up of the Russian Empire and fought in the war. Several parts of the former Russian Empire—Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland—were established as sovereign states, with their own civil wars and wars of independence. The rest of the former Russian Empire was consolidated into the Soviet Union shortly afterwards.
Natalya Pasichnyk
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