Tupi people
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The Tupi people were one of the most important indigenous peoples in Brazil.Scholars believe they first settled in the Amazon rainforest, but 2900 years ago they started to spread southward and gradually occupied the Atlantic coast.
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About the author(s): Albert Eckhout (circa 1610–circa 1666) Alternative names Last name: Eeckhout, Van der Eeckhout, Eyckholt, Eyckhout, Van der Eyckhout, Van der Eyckholt, Aeeckhout, Aeckhout, Achout, D'Acov, Van der Eckhout, Van der Eckout, Van der Eeckholt Description Dutch painter, draughtsman, printmaker and ornamental painter Date of birth/death between 1600 and 1620 between 1664 and 1667 Location of birth/death Groningen Groningen Work period between circa 1637 and circa 1664 Work location Recife, Brazil (1637-1644), Groningen (1645), Amersfoort (1651), Dresden (1653-1663), Paris, Copenhagen, Groningen (1664) Authority control VIAF: 66521873 ULAN: 500019675 LCCN: nr91010561 GND: 118938215 SUDOC: 146161599 WorldCat
License: Public domain
Author(s): Albert Eckhout
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Tsunami Hits Brooklyn New York!
Huge Roaring Atlantic Ocean Waves, Heavy Wind And Rain At The Shore Road Walkway near the verrazano bridge. possible mini tsunami?
History:
a present day borough of the New York City, it dates back more than 350 years. The settlement began in the seventeenth century which was founded by the Dutch was named Breuckelen grew to be a sizable city in the nineteenth century. In 1898 It was consolidated with New York City (then Manhattan and part of The Bronx) and with the rural areas of Queens and Staten Island, to form the modern New York City.
The Dutch were the first Europeans to settle the area on the western edge of Long Island, which was then largely inhabited by the Lenape Indians, a Native American people who are often referred to in contemporary colonial documents by a variation of the place name Canarsie. The Breuckelen settlement, named after Breukelen in the Netherlands, was part of New Netherland, and the Dutch West India Company lost little time in chartering the six original parishes (listed here first by their later, more common English names): * Gravesend: in 1645, settled under Dutch patent by English followers of the Anabaptist, Lady Deborah Moody * Brooklyn: as Breuckelen in 1646, after the town now spelled Breukelen, Netherlands * Flatlands: as New Amersfoort in 1647 * Flatbush: as Midwout in 1652 * New Utrecht: in 1657, after the city of Utrecht, Netherlands * Bushwick: as Boswijck in 1661
Many incidents and documents relating to this period are in Gabriel Furman's early (1824) compilation
The capital of the colony, New Amsterdam across the river, obtained its charter later than Brooklyn did, in 1653.
What is today Brooklyn left Dutch hands after the final English conquest of New Netherland in 1664, in a prelude to the Second AngloDutch War. New Netherland was taken in a naval action, and the conquerors renamed their prize in honor of the overall English naval commander, James, Duke of York; Brooklyn became a part of the Province of New York.
The English organized the six old Dutch towns of southwestern Long Island as Kings County on November 1, 1683,one of twelve counties then established in New York. This tract of land was recognized as a political entity for the first time, and the municipal groundwork was laid for a later expansive idea of Brooklyn identity.
On August 27, 1776, the Battle of Long Island (also known as the Battle of Brooklyn) was the first major engagement fought in the American Revolutionary War after independence was declared, and the largest of the entire conflict. British troops forced Continental Army troops under George Washington off the heights near the modern sites of Green-Wood Cemetery, Prospect Park, and Grand Army Plaza. Washington, viewing particularly fierce fighting at the Gowanus Creek from his vantage point atop a hill near the west end of present-day Atlantic Avenue, was famously reported to have emotionally exclaimed: What brave men I must this day lose! The fortified American positions at Brooklyn Heights consequently became untenable and were evacuated a few days later, leaving the British in control of New York Harbor. While Washington's defeat on the battlefield cast early doubts on his ability as commander, the subsequent tactical withdrawal of all his troops and supplies across the East River in a single night is seen by historians as one of his most brilliant triumphs
The surrounding region was controlled by the British for the duration of the war, as New York City was soon occupied and became their military and political base of operations in North America for the remainder of the conflict. The British generally enjoyed a dominant Loyalist sentiment from the remaining residents in Kings County who did not evacuate, though the region was also the center of the fledgling — and largely successful — American intelligence network, headed by Washington himself. The British set up a system of notorious prison ships off the coast of Brooklyn in Wallabout Bay, where more American patriots died of intentional neglect than died in combat on all the battlefields of the American Revolutionary War, combined. The Treaty of Paris in 1783 resulted, in part, with the evacuation of the British from New York City, celebrated by residents into the 20th century.
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List of works about the Dutch East India Company | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:07:29 1 Non-fiction
00:07:38 1.1 Books, dissertations and theses
00:07:49 1.1.1 General
00:24:47 1.1.2 Roles in economic, financial and business history
00:44:41 1.1.3 Science, technology, and culture in the VOC World
01:01:53 1.1.4 VOC military and political history
01:06:02 1.1.5 VOC maritime history (VOC in the Age of Exploration)
01:24:44 1.1.6 VOC historiography
01:27:47 1.1.7 VOC people
01:42:03 1.1.8 VOC in Europe
01:47:45 1.1.9 VOC in Africa
02:08:51 1.1.10 VOC in South and West Asia (including the Indian subcontinent)
02:30:42 1.1.11 VOC in Southeast Asia (including the East Indies)
02:44:53 1.1.12 VOC in East Asia
03:09:42 1.2 Journal articles, scholarly papers, essays, and book chapters
03:09:55 1.2.1 General history
03:42:39 1.2.2 Economic, financial and business history
04:35:09 1.2.3 Cultural and social history
05:29:40 1.2.4 Military and political history
05:54:16 1.2.5 Maritime history
06:12:14 2 Fiction
06:13:42 3 Audio
06:14:30 4 Video
06:15:16 5 Seminars and symposiums
06:15:42 6 Documentary
06:16:09 7 Film
06:16:27 8 Music
06:16:40 9 VOC World in visual arts
06:17:01 10 See also
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- Socrates
SUMMARY
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The Dutch East India Company (Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie or VOC) is one of the most influential and best expertly researched companies/corporations in history. As an exemplary historical company-state, the VOC had effectively transformed itself from a corporate entity into a state, an empire, or even a world in its own right. The VOC World (i.e. networks of people, places, things, activities, and events associated with the Dutch East India Company) has been the subject of a vast amount of literature that includes both fiction and non-fiction works. VOC World studies is an international multidisciplinary field focused on social, cultural, religious, scientific, technological, economic, financial, business, maritime, military, political, legal, diplomatic activities, institutional organization, and administration of the VOC and its colourful world. Some of the notable VOC historians/scholars include Sinnappah Arasaratnam, Leonard Blussé, Peter Borschberg, Charles Ralph Boxer, Jaap Bruijn, Femme Gaastra, Om Prakash, Günter Schilder, and Nigel Worden.
In terms of global business history, the lessons from the VOC's success and failure are critically important. With a permanent capital base, the VOC was the first permanently organized limited-liability joint-stock company at the dawn of modern capitalism. As an early pioneering model of the modern corporation, the VOC was the first corporation to be ever actually listed on a formal stock exchange. In the early 1600s the VOC became the world's first formally listed public company (or publicly listed company) by widely issuing bonds and shares of stock to the general public. In many respects, modern-day publicly listed multinational corporations (including Forbes Global 2000 companies) are all 'descendants' of the 17th-century VOC business model.
For almost 200 years of its existence (1602–1800), the Company played crucial roles in business, financial, socio-politico-economic, military-political, diplomatic, legal, ethnic, and exploratory maritime history of the world. In the early modern period, the VOC was the driving force behind the rise of corporate-led globalization, corporate power, corporate identity, corporate culture, corporate social responsibility, corporate governance, corporate finance, corporate capitalism, and finance capitalism. It was the VOC's institutional innovations and business practices that laid the foundations for the rise of giant global corporations to become a highly significant and formidable socio-politico-economic force of the modern world as we know it today ...