Theodulf of Orléans
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Theodulf of Orléans – 18 December 821) was a writer, poet and the Bishop of Orléans during the reign of Charlemagne and Louis the Pious.He was a key member of the Carolingian Renaissance and an important figure during the many reforms of the church under Charlemagne, as well as almost certainly the author of the Libri Carolini, much the fullest statement of the Western attitude to representational art that has been left to us by the Middle Ages.He is mainly remembered for this and the survival of the private oratory or chapel made for his villa at Germigny-des-Prés, with a mosaic probably from about 806.
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Mosaic | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:35 1 History
00:03:25 1.1 Greek and Roman
00:10:10 1.2 Christian mosaics
00:10:20 1.2.1 Early Christian art
00:16:04 1.2.2 Ravenna
00:19:32 1.2.3 Butrint
00:21:53 1.2.4 Late Antique and Early Medieval Rome
00:26:17 1.2.5 Byzantine mosaics
00:44:40 1.2.6 Rome in the High Middle Ages
00:48:00 1.2.7 Sicily
00:54:16 1.2.8 Venice
00:56:43 1.2.9 Medieval Italy
01:00:28 1.2.10 Western and Central Europe
01:05:45 1.2.11 Renaissance and Baroque
01:08:23 1.2.12 The Christian East
01:19:15 1.2.13 Orthodox countries
01:23:25 1.3 Jewish mosaics
01:31:25 1.4 Middle Eastern and Western Asian art
01:31:36 1.4.1 Pre-Islamic Arabia
01:32:23 1.4.2 Pre-Islamic Persia
01:33:10 1.4.3 Islamic art
01:33:18 1.4.3.1 Arab
01:40:54 2 Modern mosaics
01:42:29 2.1 Mosaics as a popular craft
01:43:21 2.2 Mosaics in street art
01:44:31 2.3 Calçada Portuguesa
01:46:07 3 Terminology
01:48:40 4 Three techniques
01:48:59 4.1 Direct method
01:51:09 4.2 Indirect method
01:52:27 4.3 Double indirect method
01:54:13 5 Mathematics
01:54:41 6 Digital imaging
01:56:48 7 Robotic manufacturing
01:57:49 8 See also
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I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
A mosaic is a piece of art or image made from the assembling of small pieces of colored glass, stone, or other materials. It is often used in decorative art or as interior decoration. Most mosaics are made of small, flat, roughly square, pieces of stone or glass of different colors, known as tesserae. Some, especially floor mosaics, are made of small rounded pieces of stone, and called pebble mosaics.
Mosaics have a long history, starting in Mesopotamia in the 3rd millennium BC. Pebble mosaics were made in Tiryns in Mycenean Greece; mosaics with patterns and pictures became widespread in classical times, both in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. Early Christian basilicas from the 4th century onwards were decorated with wall and ceiling mosaics. Mosaic art flourished in the Byzantine Empire from the 6th to the 15th centuries; that tradition was adopted by the Norman Kingdom of Sicily in the 12th century, by the eastern-influenced Republic of Venice, and among the Rus in Ukraine. Mosaic fell out of fashion in the Renaissance, though artists like Raphael continued to practise the old technique. Roman and Byzantine influence led Jewish artists to decorate 5th and 6th century synagogues in the Middle East with floor mosaics.
Mosaic was widely used on religious buildings and palaces in early Islamic art, including Islam's first great religious building, the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, and the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus. Mosaic went out of fashion in the Islamic world after the 8th century.
Modern mosaics are made by professional artists, street artists, and as a popular craft. Many materials other than traditional stone and ceramic tesserae may be employed, including shells, glass and beads.
Mosaic | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Mosaic
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
A mosaic is a piece of art or image made from the assembling of small pieces of colored glass, stone, or other materials. It is often used in decorative art or as interior decoration. Most mosaics are made of small, flat, roughly square, pieces of stone or glass of different colors, known as tesserae. Some, especially floor mosaics, are made of small rounded pieces of stone, and called pebble mosaics.
Mosaics have a long history, starting in Mesopotamia in the 3rd millennium BC. Pebble mosaics were made in Tiryns in Mycenean Greece; mosaics with patterns and pictures became widespread in classical times, both in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. Early Christian basilicas from the 4th century onwards were decorated with wall and ceiling mosaics. Mosaic art flourished in the Byzantine Empire from the 6th to the 15th centuries; that tradition was adopted by the Norman Kingdom of Sicily in the 12th century, by the eastern-influenced Republic of Venice, and among the Rus in Ukraine. Mosaic fell out of fashion in the Renaissance, though artists like Raphael continued to practise the old technique. Roman and Byzantine influence led Jewish artists to decorate 5th and 6th century synagogues in the Middle East with floor mosaics.
Mosaic was widely used on religious buildings and palaces in early Islamic art, including Islam's first great religious building, the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, and the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus. Mosaic went out of fashion in the Islamic world after the 8th century.
Modern mosaics are made by professional artists, street artists, and as a popular craft. Many materials other than traditional stone and ceramic tesserae may be employed, including shells, glass and beads.
Mosaic | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Mosaic
00:01:46 1 History
00:02:24 1.1 Greek and Roman
00:07:07 1.2 Christian mosaics
00:07:16 1.2.1 Early Christian art
00:11:18 1.2.2 Ravenna
00:13:45 1.2.3 Butrint
00:15:26 1.2.4 Late Antique and Early Medieval Rome
00:18:31 1.2.5 Byzantine mosaics
00:31:16 1.2.6 Rome in the High Middle Ages
00:33:37 1.2.7 Sicily
00:38:02 1.2.8 Venice
00:39:45 1.2.9 Medieval Italy
00:42:24 1.2.10 Western and Central Europe
00:46:07 1.2.11 Renaissance and Baroque
00:48:00 1.2.12 The Christian East
00:55:33 1.2.13 Orthodox countries
00:58:28 1.3 Jewish mosaics
01:04:02 1.4 Middle Eastern and Western Asian art
01:04:12 1.4.1 Pre-Islamic Arabia
01:04:47 1.4.2 Pre-Islamic Persia
01:05:22 1.4.3 Islamic art
01:05:30 1.4.3.1 Arab
01:10:50 2 Modern mosaics
01:12:00 2.1 Mosaics as a popular craft
01:12:39 2.2 Mosaics in street art
01:13:30 2.3 Calçada Portuguesa
01:14:39 3 Terminology
01:16:29 4 Three techniques
01:16:45 4.1 Direct method
01:18:17 4.2 Indirect method
01:19:13 4.3 Double indirect method
01:20:29 5 Mathematics
01:20:51 6 Digital imaging
01:22:23 7 Robotic manufacturing
01:23:07 8 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
A mosaic is a piece of art or image made from the assembling of small pieces of colored glass, stone, or other materials. It is often used in decorative art or as interior decoration. Most mosaics are made of small, flat, roughly square, pieces of stone or glass of different colors, known as tesserae. Some, especially floor mosaics, are made of small rounded pieces of stone, and called pebble mosaics.
Mosaics have a long history, starting in Mesopotamia in the 3rd millennium BC. Pebble mosaics were made in Tiryns in Mycenean Greece; mosaics with patterns and pictures became widespread in classical times, both in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. Early Christian basilicas from the 4th century onwards were decorated with wall and ceiling mosaics. Mosaic art flourished in the Byzantine Empire from the 6th to the 15th centuries; that tradition was adopted by the Norman Kingdom of Sicily in the 12th century, by the eastern-influenced Republic of Venice, and among the Rus in Ukraine. Mosaic fell out of fashion in the Renaissance, though artists like Raphael continued to practise the old technique. Roman and Byzantine influence led Jewish artists to decorate 5th and 6th century synagogues in the Middle East with floor mosaics.
Mosaic was widely used on religious buildings and palaces in early Islamic art, including Islam's first great religious building, the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, and the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus. Mosaic went out of fashion in the Islamic world after the 8th century.
Modern mosaics are made by professional artists, street artists, and as a popular craft. Many materials other than traditional stone and ceramic tesserae may be employed, including shells, glass and beads.