ASMRㅣGogh ‘The Langlois Bridge at Arles’ ㅣ고흐 ‘랑글루아 다리’
[Situation imagine]
*1888년 아를의 이른 봄, 랑글루아 다리 아래서 빨래를 하는 아낙네와 다리 위를 유유히 건너는 마차를 그리며 마지막 예술혼을 불태우던 고흐를 상상해보세요.
# 파리를 떠나 아를에 온지도 1달이 지났다, 3월이 되어 날씨가 풀리자 고흐는 화구를 챙겨 들고 야외로 나갔다. 오늘은 랑글루아 다리를 그리기로 한 날이었다. .
# 운하를 따라 건설된 다리에 도착하자 강물소리가 들려왔다. 마침 랑글루아 다리 위로 “따각따각” 경쾌한 말발굽 소리를 내며 마차가 지나가고 있었다, 마부와 눈이 마주쳤다. 가볍게 눈인사를 나누었다.
# 다리 아래에서는 동네 아낙네들이 여느 때처럼 삼삼오오 모여 빨래를 하고 있었다. 이웃집에 사는 여자도 그들과 섞여 차가운 강물에 빨래를 담고 있었다.
# 강가에 매어 둔 나룻배가 강물에 부딪히며 삐걱거렸다. 이름 모를 물새들의 노래 소리가 봄바람에 묻어왔다. 강변 풀숲에서 화답하듯 풀벌레가 울기 시작했다. .
# 이곳의 풍경은 고향, 네덜란드를 떠올리게 했다. 고흐는 문득 고향이 그리워졌다. 에메랄드 빛 하늘과 강물, 그리고 강물에 비친 빨래하는 여인들… 고흐는 네덜란드의 바다와 하늘을 떠올리며 파란 물감에 붓을 적셨다.
[Sound]
1) 00:14 랑글루아 다리를 지나가는 마차 Horse carriage on bridge)
2) 00:41 강물 흐르는 소리 The sound of river
3) 03:59 강물에 부딪히며 삐걱거리는 나룻배 Creaking ship
4) 06:57 이름 모를 물새들의 지저귐 The chirping of water birds
5) 13:08 풀벌레 울음 The cry of grass worm
잠 못 이루는 이에게는 달콤한 수면이 되고,
상처 받은 이에게는 따뜻한 위안이 되고
고단한 일상을 보낸 이에게는 휴식이 되는 길,
그리하여 세상의 모든 이에게 힐링이 되고 행복이 되는 길…
asmRoad는 그런 당신의 길이 되겠습니다.
추신) 당신에게 구독을 부탁해도 될까요? 제겐 당신의 ‘좋아요’와 ‘구독’이 큰 힘이 된답니다
Walking down a cobblestone street | Avignon France
My videos can be seen at
My photos can be seen at
If you are looking for some real cobblestone streets, look no further than Avignon France! What a treat it was to hear the clickity clack of horses hooves on these streets. I decided that Id like to have, for my own library, a cobblestone street in my video library. So Here, I set out on a walk through the streets of Avignon! oui oui
⁴ᴷ BRUGES walking tour, Streets, Architecture and Horses, Belgium (Brugge) 4K
[EN] 4K walking tour of Bruges, Belgium
[FR] tour à pieds de Bruges Belgique en 4K
[ES] Recorrido a pie de Brujas, Bélgica Caminata a Brujas
[NL] 4K wandeltocht door Brugge, België
Lucerne, Switzerland part 1
Where to go? The travelers perennial dilemma is especially challenging in Switzerland because of so many interesting options but we can offer perhaps the most excellent solution based on years of traveling through this high country go to Lucerne.
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Lucerne playlist:
Switzerland playlist
You're going to find that your visit to Lucerne is one of the most rewarding aspects of any trip to Europe. It’s one of the world’s most charming towns in on a picturesque lake surrounded by majestic mountains they truly have it all -- famous for its well-preserved Old Town consisting of many blocks of medieval buildings richly decorated with painted murals showing village life and hunting scenes from the olden days making this like outdoor art gallery in all of this is set on a beautiful waterfront along the shores of Lake Lucerne and the River Reuss.
France Alsace and Provence
Vacation travel to Frances Alsace and Provence regions including Obernai, Valff, Krautergersheim, Rosheim, Ottrott, Sainte-Nabor, Mont Sainte Odile, Saint Odile, Barr, Obernai, Colmar, Kaysersberg, Kientzheim, and Strasbourg in the Alsace. Also including, Arles, Avignon, Pont du Gard, Tarascon, Beaucaire, and Les Baux-de-Provence in Provence.
Blois France In the Loire Valley Summer 2012
Blois France is a beautiful town on the Loire with a great chateau and a lively scene worth taking in. This is a glimpse of our visit in 2012.
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ASMRㅣGogh ‘Café Terrace, Place du Forum, Arles’ l 고흐 ‘아를르 포룸 광장의 카페 테라스’
[Situation imagine]
*고흐가 아를르 포룸 광장 카페 테라스에서 혼자 커피를 마신 후 가스등이 빛나는 광장을 스케치하는 모습을 상상해 보았습니다.
* 5분 18초부터 고흐가 스케치하는 사운드가 시작되어 끝까지 지속됩니다
# 별이 유난히도 밝게 빛나던 1888년 어느 날 밤, 고흐는 야외 밤 풍경을 그리기 위해 포룸 광장에 자리한 야외 카페를 찾았다. 밤이 깊어가는 카페 테라스에서는 하루 일과를 끝낸 사람들이 삼삼오오 자리를 잡고 정담을 나누고 있었다.
# 노란 빛으로 광장과 카페 테라스를 물들이며 타오르는 가스등에서는 기분 좋게 가스가 연소하는 소리가 새어 나오고, 어둠이 내린 광장에서는 손님을 태운 마차 2대가 경쾌한 말발굽 소리를 내며 지나가고 있었다.
# 주문한 커피가 나오자 고흐는 설탕 한스푼을 잔에 넣고 천천히 스푼을 저었다. 커피향을 음미하면서 홀짝홀짝 여러 번에 걸쳐 커피를 나누어 마셨다. 뜨거운 커피 한잔에 차가운 밤공기에 움츠러들었던 몸과 마음이 풀렸다.
# 고흐는 화구를 꺼내 익숙한 손놀림으로 광장을 스케치하기 시작했다. 그에게 아를리 포룸 광장의 밤 풍경은 끊임없이 그림에 대한 영감을 주는 곳이었다. 고흐는 나지막이 독백하듯 말하며 캔버스의 빈 공간을 채워갔다.
# ‘푸른 밤, 카페 테라스의 커다란 가스등이 불을 밝히고 있다. 그 위로는 별이 빛나는 파란 하늘이 보이지. 바로 이 곳에서 밤을 그리는 것은 나를 매우 놀라게 한다. 창백하리만치 옅은 하얀 빛은 그저 그런 밤 풍경을 제거해 버리는 유일한 방법이다. …
[Sound]
1) 00:14 광장을 지나는 마차 소리 Horse carriage on city street
2) 00:14 테라스 카페 대화 소리 Terrace cafe sound
3) 01:12 가스등 소리 Gas lamp sound
4) 02:23 커피 따르는 소리 Pouring coffee
5) 02:34 커피잔 스푼 달그락거리는 소리 Stirring coffee
6) 02:43 커피 마시는 소리 Sipping coffee
7) 05:18 캔버스에 스케치하는 소리 Drawing on canvas with pen
잠 못 이루는 이에게는 달콤한 수면이 되고,
상처 받은 이에게는 따뜻한 위안이 되고
고단한 일상을 보낸 이에게는 휴식이 되는 길,
그리하여 세상의 모든 이에게 힐링이 되고 행복이 되는 길…
asmRoad는 그런 당신의 길이 되겠습니다.
추신) 당신에게 구독을 부탁해도 될까요? 제겐 당신의 ‘좋아요’와 ‘구독’이 큰 힘이 된답니다
Seascape in the Dutch Golden Age
Seascape in the Dutch Golden Age: Crowded Harbors, Fierce Battles, Harrowing Shipwrecks, and Tranquil Waters
Marine painting is among the distinctive inventions of Dutch 17th-century culture, and it has long been identified with the importance of the sea and seafaring for the rise and prosperity of the Dutch Republic and its citizens’ well-being. Dutch marine art is not, however, a single subject but presents a body of images remarkable for its ubiquity in society and variety of media, audiences, and purposes. Exploring glowing views of crowded harbors, gripping images of battles and triumphs, appalling scenes of shipwreck, and meditative glimpses of coastal and inland waters, Lawrence O. Goedde, Professor of Art History at the University of Virginia, in Charlottesville, discusses the differing functions of marine images and the meanings they held for the Dutch of the Golden Age. Generously sponsored by the Martin A. Ryerson Fund.
Vincent van Gogh and his perspective frame - Origins of Modern Art 6
On Vincent van Gogh’s persistent struggle with perspective.
The techniques of depth illusion in early Roman murals.
Linear or mathematical perspective: Filippo Brunelleschi, Leon Battista Alberti, Leonardo Da Vinci, Albrecht Dürer.
More on the perspective rules, (repoussoir etc.), see my video “The illusion of depth” on the depiction of depth on a two-dimensional plane:
My Playlist on Art:
Commented images:
00:47 - Van Gogh 1881 – Marsh with Water Lilies - drawing. Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Richmond, Virginia, USA
01:43 - Anthon van Rappard 1881 – Passievaart near Seppe - drawing. Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam
02:13 - Van Gogh 1885 – Study for the Potato Eaters. Kröller-Müller Museum, Otterlo, The Netherlands
02:26 - Van Gogh 1887 – Self-portrait - drawing. Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam
03:48 - Auguste Allongé 1879 – Study of Willows - print. In Karl Robert: Le fusain sans maitre
04:16 - Van Gogh 1882 – Pollard Willow - watercolor. Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam
05:16 - Van Gogh 1881 – Road in Etten with Pollard Willows and Man with Broom – drawing. Metropolitan Museum, New York
07:46 - Van Gogh 1882 – Bleaching Ground at Scheveningen - watercolor. Getty Center, Los Angeles
10: 07 - Van Gogh 1881 – Winter Landscape with Hut and Figure - drawing. Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam
10:33 - Van Gogh c1883 – Flower Beds in Holland / Bulb Fields. National Gallery of Art, Collection Mr. and Mrs. Paul Mellon, Washington D.C., US
10:59 - Leon Battista Alberti 1432-38 – Self-Portrait in Bronze. Bibliothèque Nationale de France, and National Gallery of Art, Washington, US
12:08 - Landscape from the Odyssey 60-40 BC – Odysseus Arrives in Laestrygonia, from the Odyssey Frieze - wall painting. Vatican Museums. Rome, Italy
12:38 - Landscape from the Odyssey 60-40 BC – Attack of the Laestrygonians - wall painting. Vatican Museums, Rome.
15:31 - Leonardo Da Vinci 1478-1519 – The Perspectograph in use - drawing. In Leonardo: Codex Atlanticus
16:44 - Albrecht Dürer 1525 – An artist drawing a seated man - woodcut. In Dürer: The Painters Manual
17:37 - Albrecht Dürer 1498 – Self-Portrait at the age of 26. Museo del Prado, Madrid
18:00 - Lorenzo Lotto c1535 – Portrait of a Gentleman. Galleria Borghese, Rome
18:30 - Fra Filippo Lippi 1440-44 – Portrait of a Woman with a Man at a Casement. Metropolitan Museum, New York
19:34 - David Allan 1775 – Origin of Painting. National Galleries Scotland
19:51 - Albrecht Dürer 1525 – Draftsman Drawing a Reclining Man - preliminary sketch. Bayerische Staatsbiliothek, Munich, Germany
20:57 - Albrecht Dürer 1525 – Draftsman Drawing a Reclining Woman - woodcut. Graphische Sammlung Albertina, Vienna, Austria
22:04 - Van Gogh 5 August 1882 – Beach at Scheveningen with perspective frame - letter sketch
23:15 - Van Gogh 5 or 6 August 1882 – Perspective frame - letter sketch
25:07 - Armand Cassagne 1880 – Figure 1, A large gate, a natural frame - print. In Cassagne: Guide de l’Alphabet du Dessin (2e éd.)
26:05 - Van Gogh 1885 – The Vicarage at Nuenen. Vincent van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam
27:12 - Van Gogh 1882 – Flower Nursery on the Schenkweg in The Hague - drawing. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
28:25 - Van Gogh July 1882 – Rooftops, View from the Atelier The Hague - watercolor. Private collection.
29:15 - Van Gogh 1887 – View of Paris from Vincent's Room in the Rue Lepic. Private collection
Van Gogh 1887 – View from Theo’s apartment in the Rue Lepic. Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam
30:41 - Van Gogh 1886 – View from Vincent's Studio. Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam
31:07 - Van Gogh 1887 – View from the Apartment in the Rue Lepic - drawing. Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam
32:14 - Van Gogh 1887 – Montmartre, Mills and Allotments, Paris. Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam
32:51 - Van Gogh 1888 – The Langlois Bridge at Arles. Wallraf-Richartz-Museum, Cologne, Germany
35:20 - Van Gogh 1888 – The Langlois Bridge at Arles with Road Alongside the Canal. Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam, Netherlands
36:33 - Van Gogh 1884 – Weaver at the loom (from front). Kröller-Müller Museum, Otterlo, The Netherlands
37:25 - Van Gogh 1884 – A Weaver's Cottage. Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
37:59 - Van Gogh 1888 – Langlois Bridge at Arles with Women Washing. Kröller-Müller-Museum, Otterlo, The Netherlands
38:15 - Claude Monet 1874 – The Bridge, Amsterdam. Shelburne Museum, Vermont VT, USA
39:11 - Paul Cézanne c1880 – Cote du Galet, at Pontoise. Private Collection
40:49 - Van Gogh 1890 – Wheatfield with Crows. Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam
Sunday at the Met: How the Cloisters Came to Be
In this Sunday at the Met program from May 19, 2013, Timothy B. Husband outlines the foundation of The Cloisters, which was made possible by key personalities that included John D. Rockefeller Jr. and George Barnard.
This program is presented in conjunction with the exhibition Search for the Unicorn: An Exhibition in Honor of The Cloisters' 75th Anniversary.
This Sunday at the Met is made possible by Mary and Michael Jaharis.
The exhibition is made possible by the Michel David-Weill Fund and the Quinque Foundation.
Réserve Naturelle de Camargue
Tour de la réserve Naturelle de Camargue
Département des Bouches du Rhône
Colosseum, Flavian Amphitheatre, Rome, Lazio, Italy, Europe
The Colosseum, or the Coliseum, originally the Amphitheatrum Flavium (English: Flavian Amphitheatre, Italian Anfiteatro Flavio or Colosseo), is the largest amphitheatre in the world. Is an elliptical amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Rome, Italy, the largest ever built in the Roman Empire, built of concrete and stone. It is considered one of the greatest works of Roman architecture and Roman engineering. Occupying a site just east of the Roman Forum, its construction started in 72 AD under the emperor Vespasian and was completed in 80 AD under Titus, with further modifications being made during Domitian's reign (81-96). The name Amphitheatrum Flavium derives from both Vespasian's and Titus's family name (Flavius, from the gens Flavia). Capable of seating 50,000 spectators, the Colosseum was used for gladiatorial contests and public spectacles such as mock sea battles, animal hunts, executions, re-enactments of famous battles, and dramas based on Classical mythology. The building ceased to be used for entertainment in the early medieval era. It was later reused for such purposes as housing, workshops, quarters for a religious order, a fortress, a quarry, and a Christian shrine. Although in the 21st century it stays partially ruined because of damage caused by devastating earthquakes and stone-robbers, the Colosseum is an iconic symbol of Imperial Rome. It is one of Rome's most popular tourist attractions and still has close connections with the Roman Catholic Church, as each Good Friday the Pope leads a torchlit Way of the Cross procession that starts in the area around the Colosseum. The Colosseum is also depicted on the Italian version of the five-cent euro coin. Construction of the Colosseum began under the rule of the Emperor Vespasian in around 70--72 AD, funded by the spoils taken from the Jewish Temple after the Siege of Jerusalem. The site chosen was a flat area on the floor of a low valley between the Caelian, Esquiline and Palatine Hills, through which a canalised stream ran. By the 2nd century BC the area was densely inhabited. It was devastated by the Great Fire of Rome in AD 64, following which Nero seized much of the area to add to his personal domain. He built the grandiose Domus Aurea on the site, in front of which he created an artificial lake surrounded by pavilions, gardens and porticoes. The existing Aqua Claudia aqueduct was extended to supply water to the area and the gigantic bronze Colossus of Nero was set up nearby at the entrance to the Domus Aurea. Although the Colossus was preserved, much of the Domus Aurea was torn down. The lake was filled in and the land reused as the location for the new Flavian Amphitheatre. Gladiatorial schools and other support buildings were constructed nearby within the former grounds of the Domus Aurea. According to a reconstructed inscription found on the site, the emperor Vespasian ordered this new amphitheatre to be erected from his general's share of the booty. This is thought to refer to the vast quantity of treasure seized by the Romans following their victory in the Great Jewish Revolt in 70 AD. The Colosseum can be thus interpreted as a great triumphal monument built in the Roman tradition of celebrating great victories, placating the Roman people instead of returning soldiers. Vespasian's decision to build the Colosseum on the site of Nero's lake can also be seen as a populist gesture of returning to the people an area of the city which Nero had appropriated for his own use. In contrast to many other amphitheatres, which were located on the outskirts of a city, the Colosseum was constructed in the city centre; in effect, placing it both literally and symbolically at the heart of Rome. The Colosseum had been completed up to the third story by the time of Vespasian's death in 79. The top level was finished and the building inaugurated by his son, Titus, in 80. Dio Cassius recounts that over 9,000 wild animals were killed during the inaugural games of the amphitheatre. Commemorative coinage was issued celebrating the inauguration. The building was remodelled further under Vespasian's younger son, the newly designated Emperor Domitian, who constructed the hypogeum, a series of underground tunnels used to house animals and slaves. He also added a gallery to the top of the Colosseum to increase its seating capacity. In 217, the Colosseum was badly damaged by a major fire (caused by lightning, according to Dio Cassius) which destroyed the wooden upper levels of the amphitheatre's interior. It was not fully repaired until about 240 and underwent further repairs in 250 or 252 and again in 320. An inscription records the restoration of various parts of the Colosseum under Theodosius II and Valentinian III (reigned 425--455), possibly to repair damage caused by a major earthquake in 443; more work followed in 484 and 508.
Procession | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Procession
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
A procession (French procession via Middle English, derived from Latin, processio, from procedere, to go forth, advance, proceed) is an organized body of people walking in a formal or ceremonial manner.
Jay A. Clarke: The Impressionist Line
In the late nineteenth century, artistic visionaries approached the drawn and printed line as signposts of modernity. Long overshadowed by oil paintings, prints and drawings created from the 1860s to the 1890s have a different story to tell, one of artistic spontaneity and experimentation. This talk, presented by one of the co-curators of the special exhibition, will consider the hallmarks of the Impressionist line by looking at works from the show, including watercolors by Honoré Daumier and Berthe Morisot, drawings by Claude Monet, mysterious color woodcuts by Paul Gauguin, improvisatory etchings by Édouard Manet, pastels by Jean-François Millet and Camille Pissarro, and luminous color lithographs by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec.
Location: The Frick Collection, New York, NY
Event Date: 03.13.13
Speaker: Jay A. Clarke
[previously hosted on Vimeo: 1300 views]
Ancient Roman architecture | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Ancient Roman architecture
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Ancient Roman architecture adopted the external language of classical Greek architecture for the purposes of the ancient Romans, but differed from Greek buildings, becoming a new architectural style. The two styles are often considered one body of classical architecture. Roman architecture flourished in the Roman Republic and even more so under the Empire, when the great majority of surviving buildings were constructed. It used new materials, particularly concrete, and newer technologies such as the arch and the dome to make buildings that were typically strong and well-engineered. Large numbers remain in some form across the empire, sometimes complete and still in use.
Roman Architecture covers the period from the establishment of the Roman Republic in 509 BC to about the 4th century AD, after which it becomes reclassified as Late Antique or Byzantine architecture. Almost no substantial examples survive from before about 100 BC, and most of the major survivals are from the later empire, after about 100 AD. Roman architectural style continued to influence building in the former empire for many centuries, and the style used in Western Europe beginning about 1000 is called Romanesque architecture to reflect this dependence on basic Roman forms.
The Romans only began to achieve significant originality in architecture around the beginning of the Imperial period, after they had combined aspects of their original Etruscan architecture with others taken from Greece, including most elements of the style we now call classical architecture. They moved from trabeated construction mostly based on columns and lintels to one based on massive walls, punctuated by arches, and later domes, both of which greatly developed under the Romans. The classical orders now became largely decorative rather than structural, except in colonnades. Stylistic developments included the Tuscan and Composite orders; the first being a shortened, simplified variant on the Doric order and the Composite being a tall order with the floral decoration of the Corinthian and the scrolls of the Ionic. The period from roughly 40 BC to about 230 AD saw most of the greatest achievements, before the Crisis of the Third Century and later troubles reduced the wealth and organizing power of the central government.
The Romans produced massive public buildings and works of civil engineering, and were responsible for significant developments in housing and public hygiene, for example their public and private baths and latrines, under-floor heating in the form of the hypocaust, mica glazing (examples in Ostia Antica), and piped hot and cold water (examples in Pompeii and Ostia).
York | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
York
00:01:08 1 History
00:01:16 1.1 Origin of the name
00:03:29 1.2 Early history
00:06:38 1.3 After the conquest
00:08:49 1.4 16th to 18th centuries
00:11:19 1.5 Modern history
00:13:50 1.6 Early photography
00:14:26 2 Governance
00:14:35 2.1 Local government
00:18:16 2.2 Parliamentary constituencies
00:19:11 2.3 Ceremonial governance
00:19:30 3 Geography
00:19:39 3.1 Location
00:20:59 3.2 Architecture
00:24:09 3.3 Climate
00:25:25 3.4 Green belt
00:25:57 4 Demography
00:28:42 4.1 Population change
00:28:56 4.2 Religion
00:30:20 5 Economy
00:34:01 5.1 Public services
00:37:21 6 Transport
00:42:36 6.1 Local Transport Plan 2006
00:43:42 7 Education
00:46:02 8 Culture
00:46:10 8.1 Theatre
00:48:27 8.2 Music
00:49:10 8.3 York Ham
00:49:50 8.4 Gastronomy
00:50:56 8.5 Beer and pubs
00:52:10 8.6 UNESCO status bids
00:52:57 9 Media
00:54:22 10 Sport
00:57:43 11 Geodesy
00:58:00 12 Twin cities
00:58:21 13 See also
00:58:36 14 Notes
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
York is a historic walled city in North Yorkshire, England. At the confluence of the River Ouse and Foss, it is the traditional county town of the historic county of Yorkshire. York Minster and a variety of cultural and sporting activities make it a popular tourist destination.
The city was founded by the Romans as Eboracum in 71 AD. It became the capital of the Roman province of Britannia Inferior, and later of the kingdoms of Northumbria and Jórvík. In the Middle Ages, York grew as a major wool trading centre and became the capital of the northern ecclesiastical province of the Church of England, a role it has retained.In the 19th century, York became a hub of the railway network and a confectionery manufacturing centre. The economy of York is now dominated by services. The University of York and National Health Service are major employers, whilst tourism has become an important element of the local economy.
The City of York local government district includes rural areas beyond the old city boundaries. In 2011, it had a population of 198,051.
York | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:40 1 History
00:02:50 1.1 Origin of the name
00:05:25 1.2 Early history
00:08:52 1.3 After the conquest
00:11:18 1.4 16th to 18th centuries
00:13:58 1.5 Modern history
00:17:09 1.6 Early photography
00:17:48 2 Governance
00:17:57 2.1 Local government
00:22:11 2.2 Parliamentary constituencies
00:23:12 2.3 Ceremonial governance
00:23:32 3 Geography
00:23:41 3.1 Location
00:25:11 3.2 Architecture
00:28:41 3.3 Climate
00:30:02 3.4 Green belt
00:30:37 4 Demography
00:33:35 4.1 Population change
00:33:50 4.2 Religion
00:35:23 5 Economy
00:39:28 5.1 Public services
00:43:09 6 Transport
00:48:56 6.1 Local Transport Plan 2006
00:50:07 7 Education
00:52:41 8 Culture
00:52:50 8.1 Theatre
00:55:21 8.2 Music
00:56:08 8.3 York ham
00:56:52 8.4 Gastronomy
00:58:04 8.5 Beer and pubs
00:59:26 8.6 UNESCO status bids
01:00:19 9 Media
01:01:50 10 Sport
01:05:34 11 Geodesy
01:05:52 12 International relations
01:06:03 12.1 Twin towns – sister cities
01:06:26 13 See also
01:06:43 14 Notes
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8766160293164553
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
York is a city and unitary authority area in North Yorkshire, England, the population of the council area which includes nearby villages was 208,200 as of 2017 and the population of the Urban area was 153,717 at the 2011 census. Located at the confluence of the Rivers Ouse and Foss, it is the county town of the historic county of Yorkshire. The city is known for its famous historical landmarks such as York Minster and the city walls, as well as a variety of cultural and sporting activities, which makes it a popular tourist destination in England. The local authority is the City of York Council, a single tier governing body responsible for providing all local services and facilities throughout the city. The City of York local government district includes rural areas beyond the old city boundaries. It is about 20 miles north-east of Leeds.
The city was founded by the Romans as Eboracum in 71 AD. It became the capital of the Roman province of Britannia Inferior, and later of the kingdoms of Deira, Northumbria and Jórvík. In the Middle Ages, York grew as a major wool trading centre and became the capital of the northern ecclesiastical province of the Church of England, a role it has retained. In the 19th century, York became a major hub of the railway network and a confectionery manufacturing centre, a status it maintained well into the 20th century. During the Second World War, York was bombed as part of the Baedeker Blitz. Although less affected by bombing than other northern cities, several historic buildings were gutted and restoration efforts continued into the 1960s. In 2000, York suffered very severe flooding as the River Ouse rose, affecting over 300 homes.The economy of York is dominated by services. The University of York and National Health Service are major employers, whilst tourism has become an important element of the local economy. In 2016, York became sister cities with the Chinese city of Nanjing, as per an agreement signed by the Lord Mayor of York, focusing on building links in tourism, education, science, technology and culture. Today, the city is a popular tourist attraction, especially for international visitors from China and Asia. In 2017, York became UK's first human rights city, which formalised the city’s aim to use human rights in decision making.