(English) “Donbas” battalion soldiers. Ukraine Crisis Media Center, 15th of August 2014
Topic: “Donbas” battalion soldiers and the Ukrainian Orthodox Church call to provide armored cars and reanimobiles for soldiers in ATO zone”
Archbishop of Chernigov and Nizhyn Yevstrartiy, Kyiv Patriarchate spokesman,
Semen Semenchenko, “Donbas” battalion commander
Yuriy Marchenko, head of the medical service of “Donbas” battalion
Ukraine | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Ukraine
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
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This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Ukraine (Ukrainian: Україна, translit. Ukrayina; Ukrainian pronunciation: [ukrɑˈjinɑ]), sometimes called the Ukraine, is a country in Eastern Europe. Excluding Crimea, Ukraine has a population of about 42.5 million, making it the 32nd most populous country in the world. Its capital and largest city is Kiev. Ukrainian is the official language and its alphabet is Cyrillic. The dominant religions in the country are Eastern Orthodoxy and Greek Catholicism. Ukraine is currently in a territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula, which Russia annexed in 2014. Including Crimea, Ukraine has an area of 603,628 km2 (233,062 sq mi), making it the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world.
The territory of modern Ukraine has been inhabited since 32,000 BC. During the Middle Ages, the area was a key centre of East Slavic culture, with the powerful state of Kievan Rus' forming the basis of Ukrainian identity. Following its fragmentation in the 13th century, the territory was contested, ruled and divided by a variety of powers, including Lithuania, Poland, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Russia. A Cossack republic emerged and prospered during the 17th and 18th centuries, but its territory was eventually split between Poland and the Russian Empire, and finally merged fully into the Russian-dominated Soviet Union in the late 1940s as the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1991 Ukraine gained its independence from the Soviet Union in the aftermath of its dissolution at the end of the Cold War. Before its independence, Ukraine was typically referred to in English as The Ukraine, but most sources have since moved to drop the from the name of Ukraine in all uses.Following its independence, Ukraine declared itself a neutral state; it formed a limited military partnership with Russia and other CIS countries while also establishing a partnership with NATO in 1994. In 2013, after the government of President Viktor Yanukovych had decided to suspend the Ukraine-European Union Association Agreement and seek closer economic ties with Russia, a several-months-long wave of demonstrations and protests known as the Euromaidan began, which later escalated into the 2014 Ukrainian revolution that led to the overthrow of Yanukovych and the establishment of a new government. These events formed the background for the annexation of Crimea by Russia in March 2014, and the War in Donbass in April 2014. On 1 January 2016, Ukraine applied the economic component of the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area with the European Union.Ukraine is a developing country and ranks 84th on the Human Development Index. As of 2018, Ukraine has the lowest personal income and the second lowest GDP per capita in Europe. It also suffers from a very high poverty rate and severe corruption. However, because of its extensive fertile farmlands, Ukraine is one of the world's largest grain exporters. Ukraine also maintains the second-largest military in Europe after that of Russia. The country is home to a multi-ethnic population, 77.8 percent of whom are Ukrainians, followed by a very large Russian minority, as well as Georgians, Romanians, Belarusians, Crimean Tatars, Jews, Bulgarians and Hungarians. Ukraine is a unitary republic under a semi-presidential system with separate powers: legislative, executive and judicial branches. The country is a member of the United Nations, the Council of Europe, the OSCE, the GUAM organization, and one of the founding states of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).
Ukraine | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Ukraine
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Ukraine (Ukrainian: Україна, translit. Ukrayina; Ukrainian pronunciation: [ukrɑˈjinɑ]), sometimes called the Ukraine, is a country in Eastern Europe. Excluding Crimea, Ukraine has a population of about 42.5 million, making it the 32nd most populous country in the world. Its capital and largest city is Kiev. Ukrainian is the official language and its alphabet is Cyrillic. The dominant religions in the country are Eastern Orthodoxy and Greek Catholicism. Ukraine is currently in a territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula, which Russia annexed in 2014. Including Crimea, Ukraine has an area of 603,628 km2 (233,062 sq mi), making it the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world.
The territory of modern Ukraine has been inhabited since 32,000 BC. During the Middle Ages, the area was a key centre of East Slavic culture, with the powerful state of Kievan Rus' forming the basis of Ukrainian identity. Following its fragmentation in the 13th century, the territory was contested, ruled and divided by a variety of powers, including Lithuania, Poland, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Russia. A Cossack republic emerged and prospered during the 17th and 18th centuries, but its territory was eventually split between Poland and the Russian Empire, and finally merged fully into the Russian-dominated Soviet Union in the late 1940s as the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1991 Ukraine gained its independence from the Soviet Union in the aftermath of its dissolution at the end of the Cold War. Before its independence, Ukraine was typically referred to in English as The Ukraine, but most sources have since moved to drop the from the name of Ukraine in all uses.Following its independence, Ukraine declared itself a neutral state; it formed a limited military partnership with Russia and other CIS countries while also establishing a partnership with NATO in 1994. In 2013, after the government of President Viktor Yanukovych had decided to suspend the Ukraine-European Union Association Agreement and seek closer economic ties with Russia, a several-months-long wave of demonstrations and protests known as the Euromaidan began, which later escalated into the 2014 Ukrainian revolution that led to the overthrow of Yanukovych and the establishment of a new government. These events formed the background for the annexation of Crimea by Russia in March 2014, and the War in Donbass in April 2014. On 1 January 2016, Ukraine applied the economic component of the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area with the European Union.Ukraine is a developing country and ranks 84th on the Human Development Index. As of 2018, Ukraine has the lowest personal income and the second lowest GDP per capita in Europe. It also suffers from a very high poverty rate and severe corruption. However, because of its extensive fertile farmlands, Ukraine is one of the world's largest grain exporters. Ukraine also maintains the second-largest military in Europe after that of Russia. The country is home to a multi-ethnic population, 77.8 percent of whom are Ukrainians, followed by a very large Russian minority, as well as Georgians, Romanians, Belarusians, Crimean Tatars, Jews, Bulgarians and Hungarians. Ukraine is a unitary republic under a semi-presidential system with separate powers: legislative, executive and judicial branches. The country is a member of the United Nations, the Council of Europe, the OSCE, the GUAM organization, and one of the founding states of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).
Ukraine | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:04:26 1 Etymology
00:05:25 2 History
00:05:34 2.1 Early history
00:07:13 2.2 Antes people
00:08:06 2.3 Golden Age of Kiev
00:10:46 2.4 Foreign domination
00:14:58 2.5 Cossack Hetmanate
00:20:32 2.6 19th century, World War I and revolution
00:25:29 2.7 Western Ukraine, Carpathian Ruthenia and Bukovina
00:27:01 2.8 Inter-war Soviet Ukraine
00:30:21 2.9 World War II
00:35:13 2.10 Post-World War II
00:39:10 2.11 Independence
00:42:36 2.12 Orange Revolution
00:45:20 2.13 Euromaidan and 2014 revolution
00:48:02 2.14 Civil unrest and Russian intervention
00:52:35 3 Historical maps of states
00:53:12 4 Geography
00:55:59 4.1 Soil
00:57:49 4.2 Biodiversity
00:58:05 4.2.1 Animals
00:59:07 4.2.2 Fungi
00:59:57 4.3 Climate
01:01:04 5 Politics
01:01:24 5.1 Constitution of Ukraine
01:03:59 5.2 President, parliament and government
01:06:11 5.3 Courts and law enforcement
01:09:51 5.4 Foreign relations
01:13:11 5.5 Administrative divisions
01:15:05 5.6 Armed forces
01:18:13 6 Economy
01:26:30 6.1 Corporations
01:28:12 6.2 Transport
01:31:41 6.3 Energy
01:32:08 6.3.1 Fuel resources
01:33:59 6.3.2 Power generation
01:35:26 6.3.3 Renewable energy use
01:37:10 6.4 Internet
01:37:53 6.5 IT
01:39:22 6.6 Tourism
01:40:33 7 Demographics
01:41:46 7.1 Population decline
01:43:30 7.2 Fertility and natalist policies
01:46:09 7.3 Urbanisation
01:46:41 7.4 Language
01:50:48 7.5 Religion
01:54:36 7.6 Famines and migration
01:56:29 7.7 Health
02:01:26 7.8 Education
02:07:21 7.9 Regional differences
02:09:47 8 Culture
02:11:33 8.1 Weaving and embroidery
02:12:52 8.2 Literature
02:16:25 8.3 Architecture
02:22:22 8.4 Music
02:25:27 8.5 Cinema
02:27:46 8.6 Media
02:29:53 8.7 Sport
02:32:25 8.8 Cuisine
02:33:39 9 See also
02:33:51 10 Notes
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8183676641468551
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-C
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Ukraine (Ukrainian: Україна, translit. Ukrayina; Ukrainian pronunciation: [ukrɑˈjinɑ]), sometimes called the Ukraine, is a country in Eastern Europe. Excluding Crimea, Ukraine has a population of about 42.5 million, making it the 32nd most populous country in the world. Its capital and largest city is Kiev. Ukrainian is the official language and its alphabet is Cyrillic. The dominant religions in the country are Eastern Orthodoxy and Greek Catholicism. Ukraine is currently in a territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula, which Russia annexed in 2014. Including Crimea, Ukraine has an area of 603,628 km2 (233,062 sq mi), making it the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world.
The territory of modern Ukraine has been inhabited since 32,000 BC. During the Middle Ages, the area was a key centre of East Slavic culture, with the powerful state of Kievan Rus' forming the basis of Ukrainian identity. Following its fragmentation in the 13th century, the territory was contested, ruled and divided by a variety of powers, including Lithuania, Poland, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Russia. A Cossack republic emerged and prospered during the 17th and 18th centuries, but its territory was eventually split between Poland and the Russian Empire, and finally merged fully into the Russian-dominated Soviet Union in the late 1940s as the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1991 Ukraine gained its independence from the Soviet Union in the aftermath of its dissolution at the end of the Cold War. Before its independence, Ukraine was typically referred to in English as The Ukraine, but most sources have since moved to drop the from the name of Ukraine in all uses.Following its independence, Ukraine declared itself a neutral state; it formed a limited military partnership with Russia and other CIS countries while also establishing a partnership with NATO in 1994. In 2013, after the government of President Viktor Yanukovych ...
A. Fursov - introduction into Russian history Lecture 1, part 2 with english subtitles
if you like my translations you can donate to my paypal iliaszaitcev@gmail.com
analysis of different factors which determine historical way of Western Europe and Russia (climate, territory, steppe nomads, succession system, trade routes)
comparison of social models and power of East, West and Russia.
If you see mistakes, pls write the correct sentence in comments. I will fix subs.
2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism
00:03:13 1 Background
00:08:39 1.1 Russkiy Mir vs Romiosyne
00:09:10 1.1.1 Russkiy Mir
00:09:58 1.1.2 Romiosyne
00:10:32 1.2 1996 schism over Estonia
00:11:51 2 Deterioration of Moscow–Constantinople relations
00:12:31 2.1 Three Orthodox churches in Ukraine
00:15:28 2.2 Ecumenical Patriarchate and the ecclesiastical situation in Ukraine
00:19:31 3 Autocephaly of the Orthodox Church in Ukraine
00:19:42 3.1 June 2016 request of autocephaly
00:21:01 3.2 April 2018 request of autocephaly
00:26:39 3.3 Ecumenical Patriarch's legates in Ukraine and reactions of the Russian Orthodox Church
00:29:30 3.4 September 2018: Russian Orthodox synod's retaliatory measures and the aftermath
00:32:39 3.5 11 October 2018 communiqué of the synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate
00:37:13 3.6 29 November 2018 communiqué of the synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate
00:39:36 4 Break of communion with the Ecumenical Patriarchate by the Russian Orthodox Church
00:40:36 4.1 Declarations by the Russian Orthodox Church
00:50:35 4.2 Declarations by the Ecumenical Patriarchate
00:51:00 5 Events in Ukraine
00:51:09 5.1 Transfer of St Andrew's church
00:53:27 5.2 Cancellation of the transfer of the Pochayiv Lavra
00:55:10 5.3 Planned unification council
01:05:19 5.3.1 Convocation of the council
01:08:03 5.3.2 Disagreement with the UOC-KP
01:12:53 5.3.3 Unification council
01:14:47 5.3.4 Election of Metropolitan Epiphany
01:15:12 5.4 Ukrainian Supreme Court
01:15:59 5.5 Kerch Strait incident
01:16:40 6 Reactions
01:16:49 6.1 International community
01:18:50 6.2 Responses from other autocephalous Eastern Orthodox churches
01:19:02 6.2.1 Church of Cyprus
01:19:57 6.2.2 Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria and the Polish Orthodox Church
01:21:47 6.2.3 Serbian Orthodox Church and the Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch
01:24:13 6.2.4 Georgian Orthodox Church
01:25:32 6.2.5 Romanian Orthodox Church
01:26:58 6.2.6 Albanian Orthodox Church
01:28:59 6.2.7 Orthodox Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia
01:29:59 6.2.8 Other Orthodox churches
01:30:43 6.3 Responses from churches under the jurisdiction of the Russian Orthodox Church
01:30:56 6.3.1 Belarusian Orthodox Church
01:32:05 6.3.2 Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia
01:33:58 6.3.3 Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)
01:37:34 6.3.4 Archdiocese of Chersonesus
01:38:25 6.4 Responses from churches under the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate
01:38:37 6.4.1 Archdiocese of Russian Orthodox Churches in Western Europe
01:40:21 6.4.1.1 Defection of the Russian Orthodox Church of the Nativity of Christ
01:42:55 6.4.1.2 Dissolution of the archdiocese
01:46:16 6.4.2 American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese
01:46:40 6.4.3 Greek Orthodox Metropolis of Germany
01:47:51 7 Canonical issues
01:50:21 7.1 Ecumenical Patriarchate's claims
01:54:39 7.2 Arguments against the Ecumenical Patriarchate's claims
01:57:07 7.3 Possibility of a pan-Orthodox synaxis on the question of Ukraine
02:01:07 8 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Moscow–Constantinople schism, also known as the Orthodox Church schism of 2018, is a schism which began on 15 October 2018 when the Russian Orthodox Church unilaterally severed full communion with the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. This was done in response to a decision of the synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate on 11 October 2018 to move towards granting independence (autocephaly) to the orthodox Church of Ukraine, to reestablish the stauropegion of the Ecumenical Patriarch in Kiev, to revoke the legal binding of the letter of 1686 which led to the Russian Orthodox Church establishing jurisdiction over the Ukrainian Church, and to lift the excommunications which affected clergy and faithful of two unrecognized Orthodox churches in Ukraine.Those two churches (the UAOC and the UOC-KP) were competing with the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) and were, and still are, considered schismatics b ...
Nicholas II of Russia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Nicholas II of Russia
00:03:16 1 Family background
00:06:34 2 Tsarevich
00:09:51 3 Engagement, accession and marriage
00:13:43 4 Reign
00:13:52 4.1 Coronation
00:17:55 4.2 Initiatives in foreign affairs
00:18:52 4.3 Ecclesiastical affairs
00:19:40 4.4 Russo-Japanese War
00:22:47 4.5 Anti-Jewish pogroms of 1903–1906
00:23:48 4.6 Bloody Sunday (1905)
00:28:08 4.7 1905 Revolution
00:31:49 4.8 Relationship with the Duma
00:41:58 4.9 Tsarevich Alexei's illness and Rasputin
00:44:33 4.10 European affairs
00:46:48 4.11 Tercentenary
00:47:26 4.12 First World War
00:56:40 4.13 Collapse
01:01:25 4.13.1 Abdication (1917)
01:04:41 4.14 Imprisonment
01:08:10 4.15 Execution
01:11:32 5 Identification
01:13:22 6 Funeral
01:14:12 7 Sainthood
01:16:19 8 Assessment
01:19:54 9 Ancestry
01:20:03 10 Titles, styles, honours and arms
01:20:14 10.1 Titles and styles
01:21:29 10.2 Honours
01:22:12 10.2.1 National
01:22:39 10.2.2 Foreign
01:23:30 10.3 Arms
01:23:38 11 Children
01:23:47 12 Wealth
01:25:01 13 Documentaries and films
01:25:37 14 See also
01:25:53 15 Note
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Nicholas II or Nikolai II (Russian: Николай II Алекса́ндрович, tr. Nikolai II Aleksandrovich; 18 May [O.S. 6 May] 1868 – 17 July 1918), known as Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer in the Russian Orthodox Church, was the last Emperor of Russia, ruling from 1 November 1894 until his forced abdication on 2 March 1917. His reign saw the fall of the Russian Empire from one of the foremost great powers of the world to economic and military collapse. He was given the nickname Nicholas the Bloody or Vile Nicholas by his political adversaries due to the Khodynka Tragedy, anti-Semitic pogroms, Bloody Sunday, the violent suppression of the 1905 Russian Revolution, the execution of political opponents, and his perceived responsibility for the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905). Soviet historians portrayed Nicholas as a weak and incompetent leader whose decisions led to military defeats and the deaths of millions of his subjects.Russia was defeated in the 1904–1905 Russo-Japanese War which saw the annihilation of the reinforcing Russian Baltic Fleet after being sent on its round-the-world cruise at the naval Battle of Tsushima, off the coasts of Korea and Japan, the loss of Russian influence over Manchuria and Korea, and the Japanese annexation to the north of South Sakhalin Island. The Anglo-Russian Entente was designed to counter the German Empire's attempts to gain influence in the Middle East, but it also ended the Great Game of confrontation between Russia and the United Kingdom. When all Russian diplomatic efforts to prevent the First World War (1914–1918) failed, Nicholas approved the Imperial Russian Army mobilization on 30 July 1914 which gave Imperial Germany formal grounds to declare war on Russia on 1 August 1914. An estimated 3.3 million Russians were killed in the First World War. The Imperial Russian Army's severe losses, the High Command's incompetent management of the war efforts, and lack of food and supplies on the home front were all leading causes of the fall of the House of Romanov.
Following the February Revolution of 1917, Nicholas abdicated on behalf of himself and his son and heir, the Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich. He and his family were imprisoned and transferred to Tobolsk in late summer 1917. On 30 April 1918, Nicholas, Alexandra, and their daughter Maria were handed over to the local Ural Soviet council in Ekaterinburg (renamed Sverdlovsk during the Soviet era); the rest of the captives followed on 23 May. Nicholas and his family were executed by their Bolshevik guards on the night of 16/17 July 1918. The remains of the imperial family were later found, exhumed, identified and re-interred with elaborate State and Church ceremony in St. Petersburg on 17 July 1998 – 80 years later.
In 1981, Nicholas, his wife, and their children were recognized as martyrs by the Russian Orthodox Church Outsid ...
Tsar
Tsar (Old Church Slavonic: ц︢рь (usually written thus with a tilda) or цaрь) is a title used to designate certain European Slavic monarchs or supreme rulers. As a system of government in the Tsardom of Russia and Russian Empire, it is known as Tsarist autocracy, or Tsarism. The term is derived from the Latin word Caesar, which was intended to mean Emperor in the European medieval sense of the term - a ruler with the same rank as a Roman emperor, holding it by the approval of another emperor or a supreme ecclesiastical official (the Pope or the Ecumenical Patriarch) - but was usually considered by western Europeans to be equivalent to king, or to be somewhat in between a royal and imperial rank.
Occasionally, the word could be used to designate other, secular, supreme rulers. In Russia and Bulgaria the imperial connotations of the term were blurred with time, due to the medieval translations of the Bible, and, by the 19th century, it had come to be viewed as an equivalent of King.
This video is targeted to blind users.
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Ukraine | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:49 1 Etymology
00:04:42 2 History
00:04:51 2.1 Early history
00:06:19 2.2 Antes people
00:07:07 2.3 Golden Age of Kiev
00:09:29 2.4 Foreign domination
00:13:13 2.5 Cossack Hetmanate
00:18:08 2.6 19th century, World War I and revolution
00:22:32 2.7 Western Ukraine, Carpathian Ruthenia and Bukovina
00:23:53 2.8 Inter-war Soviet Ukraine
00:26:51 2.9 World War II
00:31:07 2.10 Post-World War II
00:34:37 2.11 Independence
00:37:41 2.12 Orange Revolution
00:40:06 2.13 Euromaidan and 2014 revolution
00:42:30 2.14 Civil unrest and Russian intervention
00:46:31 3 Historical maps of states
00:47:04 4 Geography
00:49:31 4.1 Soil
00:51:09 4.2 Biodiversity
00:51:25 4.2.1 Animals
00:52:20 4.2.2 Fungi
00:53:05 4.3 Climate
00:54:06 5 Politics
00:54:24 5.1 Constitution of Ukraine
00:56:42 5.2 President, parliament and government
00:58:39 5.3 Courts and law enforcement
01:01:54 5.4 Foreign relations
01:04:51 5.5 Administrative divisions
01:06:33 5.6 Armed forces
01:09:18 6 Economy
01:16:37 6.1 Corporations
01:18:08 6.2 Transport
01:21:13 6.3 Energy
01:21:38 6.3.1 Fuel resources
01:23:17 6.3.2 Power generation
01:24:34 6.3.3 Renewable energy use
01:26:08 6.4 Internet
01:26:46 6.5 IT
01:28:06 6.6 Tourism
01:29:10 7 Demographics
01:30:15 7.1 Population decline
01:31:47 7.2 Fertility and natalist policies
01:34:07 7.3 Urbanisation
01:34:36 7.4 Language
01:38:13 7.5 Religion
01:41:37 7.6 Famines and migration
01:43:17 7.7 Health
01:47:40 7.8 Education
01:52:52 7.9 Regional differences
01:55:02 8 Culture
01:56:36 8.1 Weaving and embroidery
01:57:47 8.2 Literature
02:00:55 8.3 Architecture
02:06:10 8.4 Music
02:08:55 8.5 Cinema
02:10:57 8.6 Media
02:12:50 8.7 Sport
02:15:03 8.8 Cuisine
02:16:11 9 See also
02:16:22 10 Notes
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
There is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Ukraine (Ukrainian: Україна, translit. Ukrayina; Ukrainian pronunciation: [ukrɑˈjinɑ]), sometimes called the Ukraine, is a country in Eastern Europe. Excluding Crimea, Ukraine has a population of about 42.5 million, making it the 32nd most populous country in the world. Its capital and largest city is Kiev. Ukrainian is the official language and its alphabet is Cyrillic. The dominant religions in the country are Eastern Orthodoxy and Greek Catholicism. Ukraine is currently in a territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula, which Russia annexed in 2014. Including Crimea, Ukraine has an area of 603,628 km2 (233,062 sq mi), making it the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world.
The territory of modern Ukraine has been inhabited since 32,000 BC. During the Middle Ages, the area was a key centre of East Slavic culture, with the powerful state of Kievan Rus' forming the basis of Ukrainian identity. Following its fragmentation in the 13th century, the territory was contested, ruled and divided by a variety of powers, including Lithuania, Poland, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Russia. A Cossack republic emerged and prospered during the 17th and 18th centuries, but its territory was eventually split between Poland and the Russian Empire, and finally merged fully into the Russian-dominated Soviet Union in the late 1940s as the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1991 Ukraine gained its independence from the Soviet Union in the aftermath of its dissolution at the end of the Cold War. Before its independence, Ukraine was typically referred to in English as The Ukraine, but most sources have since moved to drop the from the name of Ukraine in all uses.Following its independence, Ukraine declared itself a neutral state; it formed a limited military partnership with Russia and other CIS countries while also establishing a partnership with NATO in 1994. In 2013, after the government of President Viktor Yanukovych had decided to suspend the Ukraine-European Union Association ...
Kievan Rus' | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Kievan Rus'
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Kievan Rus' (Old East Slavic: Рѹ́сь (Rus' ), Рѹ́сьскаѧ землѧ (Rus'skaya zemlya), Latin: Rus(s)ia, Ruscia, Ruzzia, Rut(h)enia) was a loose federation of East Slavic and Finnic peoples in Europe from the late 9th to the mid-13th century, under the reign of the Varangian Rurik dynasty. The modern nations of Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine all claim Kievan Rus' as their cultural ancestors, with Belarus and Russia deriving their names from it.
At its greatest extent, in the mid-11th century, it stretched from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Black Sea in the south and from the headwaters of the Vistula in the west to the Taman Peninsula in the east, uniting the majority of East Slavic tribes.According to Russian historiography, the first ruler to start uniting East Slavic lands into what has become known as Kievan Rus' was Prince Oleg (882–912). He extended his control from Novgorod south along the Dnieper river valley to protect trade from Khazar incursions from the east, and he moved his capital to the more strategic Kiev. Sviatoslav I (died 972) achieved the first major expansion of Kievan Rus' territorial control, fighting a war of conquest against the Khazars. Vladimir the Great (980–1015) introduced Christianity with his own baptism and, by decree, extended it to all inhabitants of Kiev and beyond. Kievan Rus' reached its greatest extent under Yaroslav the Wise (1019–1054); his sons assembled and issued its first written legal code, the Rus' Justice, shortly after his death.The state declined beginning in the late 11th century and during the 12th century, disintegrating into various rival regional powers. It was further weakened by economic factors, such as the collapse of Rus' commercial ties to the Byzantine Empire due to the decline of Constantinople and the accompanying diminution of trade routes through its territory. The state finally fell to the Mongol invasion of the 1240s.
Kievan Rus' | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Kievan Rus'
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Kievan Rus' (Old East Slavic: Рѹ́сь (Rus' ), Рѹ́сьскаѧ землѧ (Rus'skaya zemlya), Latin: Rus(s)ia, Ruscia, Ruzzia, Rut(h)enia) was a loose federation of East Slavic and Finnic peoples in Europe from the late 9th to the mid-13th century, under the reign of the Varangian Rurik dynasty. The modern nations of Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine all claim Kievan Rus' as their cultural ancestors, with Belarus and Russia deriving their names from it.
At its greatest extent, in the mid-11th century, it stretched from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Black Sea in the south and from the headwaters of the Vistula in the west to the Taman Peninsula in the east, uniting the majority of East Slavic tribes.According to Russian historiography, the first ruler to start uniting East Slavic lands into what has become known as Kievan Rus' was Prince Oleg (882–912). He extended his control from Novgorod south along the Dnieper river valley to protect trade from Khazar incursions from the east, and he moved his capital to the more strategic Kiev. Sviatoslav I (died 972) achieved the first major expansion of Kievan Rus' territorial control, fighting a war of conquest against the Khazars. Vladimir the Great (980–1015) introduced Christianity with his own baptism and, by decree, extended it to all inhabitants of Kiev and beyond. Kievan Rus' reached its greatest extent under Yaroslav the Wise (1019–1054); his sons assembled and issued its first written legal code, the Rus' Justice, shortly after his death.The state declined beginning in the late 11th century and during the 12th century, disintegrating into various rival regional powers. It was further weakened by economic factors, such as the collapse of Rus' commercial ties to the Byzantine Empire due to the decline of Constantinople and the accompanying diminution of trade routes through its territory. The state finally fell to the Mongol invasion of the 1240s.
Kievan Rus' | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:10 1 Name
00:03:55 2 History
00:04:04 2.1 Origin
00:07:56 2.2 Invitation of the Varangians
00:10:55 2.3 Foundation of the Kievan state
00:13:19 2.4 Early foreign relations
00:13:28 2.4.1 Volatile steppe politics
00:17:43 2.4.2 Rus'–Byzantine relations
00:23:37 2.4.3 Sviatoslav
00:24:47 2.5 Reign of Vladimir and Christianisation
00:29:09 2.6 Golden age
00:31:17 2.7 Fragmentation and decline
00:36:25 2.7.1 Novgorod Republic
00:37:34 2.7.2 Northeast
00:38:46 2.7.3 Southwest
00:40:59 2.8 Final disintegration
00:42:35 3 Economy
00:43:10 4 Society
00:45:46 5 Historical assessment
00:47:50 6 Foreign relations
00:48:00 6.1 Turco-Mongols
00:50:15 6.2 Byzantine Empire
00:51:22 6.3 Military campaigns
00:51:45 7 Administrative divisions
00:53:27 8 Principal cities
00:54:28 9 Religion
00:57:30 10 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
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Speaking Rate: 0.955409150014758
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Kievan Rus' (Old East Slavic: Рѹ́сь (Rus' ), Рѹ́сьскаѧ землѧ (Rus'skaya zemlya), Latin: Rus(s)ia, Ruscia, Ruzzia, Rut(h)enia) was a loose federation of East Slavic and Finnic peoples in Europe from the late 9th to the mid-13th century, under the reign of the Varangian Rurik dynasty. The modern nations of Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine all claim Kievan Rus' as their cultural ancestors, with Belarus and Russia deriving their names from it.
At its greatest extent, in the mid-11th century, it stretched from the White Sea in the north to the Black Sea in the south and from the headwaters of the Vistula in the west to the Taman Peninsula in the east, uniting the majority of East Slavic tribes.According to Russian historiography, the first ruler to start uniting East Slavic lands into what has become known as Kievan Rus' was Prince Oleg (882–912). He extended his control from Novgorod south along the Dnieper river valley to protect trade from Khazar incursions from the east, and he moved his capital to the more strategic Kiev. Sviatoslav I (died 972) achieved the first major expansion of Kievan Rus' territorial control, fighting a war of conquest against the Khazars. Vladimir the Great (980–1015) introduced Christianity with his own baptism and, by decree, extended it to all inhabitants of Kiev and beyond. Kievan Rus' reached its greatest extent under Yaroslav the Wise (1019–1054); his sons assembled and issued its first written legal code, the Rus' Justice, shortly after his death.The state declined beginning in the late 11th century and during the 12th century, disintegrating into various rival regional powers. It was further weakened by economic factors, such as the collapse of Rus' commercial ties to the Byzantine Empire due to the decline of Constantinople and the accompanying diminution of trade routes through its territory. The state finally fell to the Mongol invasion of the 1240s.