Moscow museum gathers all Russia's Jordaens works
(18 Sep 2019) LEAD IN:
Moscow's Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts is drawing together all works by Flemish painter Jacob Jordaens that are owned by Russian museums.
Jordaens was one of the most prominent painters of the Flemish school, alongside Rubens and van Dyck.
STORY-LINE:
Russian Jordaens is an exhibit of all the painters' works owned by Russian museums.
Earlier this year, 18 paintings were first shown to the public at The Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg.
Now, 18 paintings and 31 drawings have arrived in Moscow.
Our task was to show - using eloquent and characteristic exemplars - the artistic evolution of this wonderful Flemish painter. And to show all his masterpieces, including paintings and drawings, owned by Russian museums, explains curator Vadim Sadkov.
For the first time since 1794, Jordaens' The Lamentation has left St. Petersburg, where it hangs at Saint Alexander Nevsky Monastery.
It was Empress of Russia, Catherine the Great, who purchased Jordaens' monumental The Lamentation from a Berlin collection.
She later donated it to the Alexander Nevsky Lavra in St. Petersburg.
It was always thought that the painting was by Flemish master Rubens, but several years ago, Dutch art historian Arnout Balis identified that was in fact by Jordaens.
The works of Flemish artists such as Jordaens were heavily influenced by Rubens.
Many painters trained at the master's studio, including young Anthony van Dyck, who went on to become one of Flemish Baroque's greatest.
It's not the only recent discovery at the exhibit.
During the restoration process of Christ and the Samaritan Woman, specialists were able to find the signature of Jordaens' son, also called Jacob.
In the process of restoration, a signature of the son of Jordaens was discovered, says Vadim Sadkov.
His name is also Jacob, but he is Junior. And it is written there - Jacob Jordaens Junior. And this painting is yet the only one valid work of the son. And this painting belongs to the museum in Nizhny Novgorod and is now shown here.
Meleager and Atalanta was always considered to be a copy of a Jordaens paintings, but - again during the restoration process - specialists discovered the painter's signature.
Jordaens was born in Antwerp, Belgium in in 1593.
He was a student of Adam van Noort, a Belgium painter, who also taught Rubens.
Jordaens is famous for painting religious stories, metaphors on life and people of his time, as well as collaborating with artists such as Andries Daniels and Paul De Vos.
These are the scenes from the Old Testament, allegoric portraits, portraits commissioned by burghers of Antwerpen, as well as his collaborations with other artists, including still life painters, says Sadkov.
These paintings show the history of Russian art collection.
Empress Catherine the Great began buying Flemish artists for her palaces.
Although, she was not the only one interested in the Dutch masters. Russian aristocrats followed her example and started to collect paintings of Flemish masters, including Jordaens.
Odysseus and Polyphemus, a painting from a collection of Rubens, was brought to Russia in the 18th century and was in hands of a nobel family of Musin-Pushkin, then belonged to a Hermitage curator Osip Braz.
After Braz was sent to a Soviet prison camp, the state confiscated his collection.
Today, it's in the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts' collection.
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St. James’s church (St Jacobskerk) Antwerp --Existence,Achillea,Vangelis: Case 31
St. James is still the Antwerp starting point for pilgrims on the way to Santiago de Compostela. The late-gothic church (about 1506-1656) has an overwhelming baroque interior with 23 altars - a festival of marble - and owns a big art collection with names like Jordaens, Rubens, Van Balen and the grave chapel of Peter Paul Rubens.
Numbers are placed with some paintings.
You can find the title and maker of the painting on the basis of these numbers
1 The baptism of Christ-Michiel Coxie (1499-1592)
2 The Virgin Mary, alias of Sint-Anna-Frans de Vriendt, better known as Frans Floris
3 The Saint Job Chapel of the playmen
4 To cure Saint Roch of the plague. -Erasmus II Quellin
5 The temptation of the munitions Saint Anthony and Saint Paul-Marten de Vos (1532-1603)
6 Saint George fights the dragon'-A.Van Dijck (17 de eeuw)
7 The baptistery - creation by Jan Kaulman (1804)
8 The worship of the Holy Name of Jesus - Marten de Vos
9 The Saint Joseph Chapel and the Epiphany Chapel of the Wood Sawyers
10 The final judgment - Jan Sanders (1504‑1555)
11 The pulpit with exquisite wood carving by Lodewijk Willemssens (1678).
12 The Saint Christopher's Chapel of the Turf Bearers This wooden altar from 1606 is the oldest preserved of the church
13 Emperor Constantine the Great venerates the Holy Cross, found by Saint Helena, (Wenceslas Coeberger 1605)
14 Mary's visit to Elisabeth ', (Victor Wolfvoet, 1st half of the 17th century)
15 Saint Peter and St Paul ', (Petrus van Lint, 1655)
16 Saint Charles Borromeo prays for the plague victims (Jacob Jordaens, 1655)
17 O.-L.-Woman with Child, venerated by saints' -P.P. Rubens
18 'Sint-Ivo helps the needy advocates', (Gerard Seghers ca. 1638)
19 'The calling of Peter' (Jacob Jordaens, stylistic dated ca. 1616-'17)
20 The Holy Trinity ', Hendrik van Balen the Elder (1st half of the 17th century)
21 Mary's Assumption of Theodore Boeyermans (1671)
22 The blessed death battle, with a painting by Erasmus Quellinus (1670)
23 High choir is the triumphant main altar, a joint work by Willem Kerrickx and Artus II Quellin who took care of the statue of St. Jacob (1685)
24 The organ instrument (1727) was built by the famous Jan-Baptist Forceville
25 The Sacred-Sacraments or Venerable chapel
More information :
Baroque Art - 5 Netherlands
Fifth video about the Baroque Art serie. Any doubt? Send me a message.
Historia del Arte:
Land of the Art:
In XVI, in Netherlands ruled the Habsburg. Charles V gives the throne to Philip II. Begins a repression against protestants. Rupture. North will rule the Orange with protestants (Holland) and in south are catholics (Flanders).
Architecture
Flanders: verticality, gothic. Antwerp. City hall. St Carlos Borromeo.
Holland: little decoration. City hall of Amsterdam, City hall of Leyden, Meat Market, Mauritshuis of La Haya.
Sculpture
Flanders: religious. François Duquesnoy (St Sussane, St Andrew), Hendrik Frans Verbruggen (Pulpil of the cathedral of St Michael and St Gudula of Brussels).
Holland: portraits and tombs. Hendrik de Keyser (Erasmus), Rombout Verhulst (Bust of Jacob van Reygersbergh, Tomb of Carel Hieronymus, Tomb of Willem Joseph van Ghent)
Artus Quellinus: worked in both zones. Bust of Andries de Graeff, Vierschaar, Mercury (last 2 in Amsterdam City Hall)
Painting
Flanders: aristocratic and religious.
Peter Paul Rubens: colorist. Erection of cross, Descent, Elena Fourment, Piety, Adoration of Kings, Flagellation, Miracles St Benedict, Four parts of world, Rape of daughters of Leucipo, Three Graces, Judgement of Paris (2), Milky Way, Allegory of Peace and War, Hunt of Atalante, Hunt of boar, Landscape with cows, Landscape with rainbow, Apollo and serpent, Self portait with his wife Isabella Brant, Duke of Lerma, Maria Serra Allavicino, Philip IV.
Anton van Dyck: Kiss of Judas, Coronation of thorns, Virgin of rosary, Self portrait with sunflower, Snyders and his wife, Snayers, Charles I, William II of Orange.
Jacob Jordaens: Fecundity, Calvary, Four Evangelists, Adoration of Shepherds, Self portrait with his family, The king drinks, Marry of Tetis and Peleus, Satyr and peasant.
Abraham Janssens: Lust, Scaldis and Antwerpia.
David Teniers: Monkey painter, Archduke Leopold William in his gallery.
Adriaen Brouwer: Bitter drink, Smoker, Fight of peasants playing cards, Twilight landscape, Moonlight landscape.
Pieter Snayers: Battle of White Mountain, Battle of Gravelines.
Adam-Frans van der Meulen: Siege of Besançon by Louis XIV.
Gonzales Coques: Portrait of family in landscape, Gallery of paintings.
Frans Snyders: Hunt of deer, Fruit lady.
Jan Siberechts: Crossing the creek, Garden of market, Landscape with rainbow.
Holland: religious topics nearly dissappeared. More portraits.
Rembrandt Van Rijn: colorist, but, as happens with others, when his life goes to ruin, paints sadder paintings, darker colors. His life went to ruin with the death of his wife Saskia. Self portrait, Self portrait with Saskia, Self portrait 1668, Anatomy lesson of doctor Tulp, Night watch, Pilgrims of Emaus, Jacob blessing his sons, Syndics of Drapers' Guild, Painter in his study, Andromeda, Philosopher in meditation, Sacrifice of Isaac, Descent, Artemis, Saskia as Flora, Feast of Belshassar, Slaughtered Ox, Windmill, Lady having a bath, Bath of Bathsheba, Athena (or Alexander), Man with armour, Conspiration of Claudius Civilis, Man with golden helmet (by disciple).
Frans Hals: Self portrait, Witch of Haarlem, Banquet of Officers of St George Militia Company, Banquet of Officers of St Adrian Militia Company, Man with breastplate, Happy drinker, Gypsy, Smiling lord, Company of captain Reynier Reael, Young man with skull, Willem van Heythuysen, Regents of Old Men's Almshouse, Regents of Old Women's Almshouse, Family of ten persons.
Adriaen Van Ostade: Painter in his study (self portrait), Peasants in tabern.
Gerard Ter Borch: Parental admonition, Concert, Letter, Petronella da Waert, Treaty of the Peace of Westfalia.
Pieter de Hooch: Drinkers in arch, Lady with child in pantry, Gold weigher, Family playing music, Dutch Family, At the linen closet, Lady and servant with bucket, Room of counsel of Amsterdam city hall.
Johannes Vermeer: Lacemaker, Milkmaid, Lesson of music, Lady of pearl, Street, View of Delft, Military and lady laughing, Lady reading letter, Sleeping lady, Geographer, Lady of pearl necklace, Lady with water jug, Blue reader, Holding a balance, Art of painting, Lady writting letter and servant, Lady playing guitar, Lady seated at virginal.
Albert Cuyp: Dordrecht, Bagpiper with cows.
Jan Van Goyen: Dordrecht, Two Oaks, Thunderstorm, Emmerich.
Willem van de Velde: Battle of Texel, War and merchant ships, Strong wind, Burst.
Aert van der Neer: River and moonlight landscape, Winter landscape with skaters.
Paulus Potter: Bull, Pacific herd.
Mendert Hobbema: Water windmill, Middelharnis.
Jacob van Ruisdael: Jew cemetery, Stormy sea with sailboats, Wijk bij Duurstede windmill.
Music: Spring by Antonio Vivaldi
Photos taken in Google images.
No copyright infringement intended.
Peter Paul Rubens Famous Paintings - A Flemish Baroque Painter - Video 4 of 8
Peter Paul Rubens Famous Paintings - A Flemish Baroque Painter - Video 4 of 8
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Peter Paul Rubens (28 June 1577 -- 30 May 1640), was a Flemish Baroque painter, and a proponent of an extravagant Baroque style that emphasised movement, colour, and sensuality. He is well known for his Counter-Reformation altarpieces, portraits, landscapes, and history paintings of mythological and allegorical subjects.
In addition to running a large studio in Antwerp that produced paintings popular with nobility and art collectors throughout Europe, Rubens was a classically educated humanist scholar and diplomat who was knighted by both Philip IV, King of Spain, and Charles I, King of England.
Rubens was a prolific artist. His commissioned works were mostly religious subjects, history paintings, which included mythological subjects, and hunt scenes. He painted portraits, especially of friends, and self-portraits, and in later life painted several landscapes. Rubens designed tapestries and prints, as well as his own house. He also oversaw the ephemeral decorations of the Joyous Entry into Antwerp by the Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand in 1635.
Paintings can be divided into three categories in his workshop --- those he painted by himself, those he painted in part (mainly hands and faces), and those he only supervised. He had, as was usual at the time, a large workshop with many apprentices and students, some of whom, such as Anthony Van Dyck, became famous in their own right. He also often sub-contracted elements such as animals or still-life in large compositions to specialists such as Frans Snyders, or other artists such as Jacob Jordaens.
The Value of Peter Paul Rubens Paintings
At a Sotheby's auction on 10 July 2002, Rubens's newly discovered painting Massacre of the Innocents sold for £49.5 million ($76.2 million) to Lord Thomson. It is a current record for an Old Master painting. The 1976--1977 academic year at the College of Europe was named in his honour.
Some of Rubens Artwork
The Massacre of the Innocents, c. 1611. Art Gallery of Ontario
Venus at the Mirror, 1615
Diana Presenting the Catch to Pan, 1620. National Museum of Serbia
Hippopotamus Hunt (1616). Rubens is known for the frenetic energy and lusty ebullience of his paintings.
Portrait of Władysław IV, 1624
Portrait of Hélène Fourment (Het Pelsken), c. 1630s Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
The Château de Steen with Hunter, c. 1635--8 (National Gallery, London)
Diana and Callisto, 1639, Museo del Prado
The Judgment of Paris, 1639, Museo del Prado
Peter Paul Rubens Quotes
I paint a woman's big rounded buttocks so that I want to reach out and stroke the dimpled flesh.
Every child has the spirit of creation. The rubbish of life often exterminates the spirit through plague and a souls own wretchedness.
Painting a young maiden is similar to cavorting with great abandon. It is the finest refreshment.
My passion comes from the heavens, not from earthly musings.
I'm just a simple man standing alone with my old brushes, asking God for inspiration.
Each morning I shoo the beggars and cripples from my door stoop. If God wanted these vermin to eat surely he would provide them with substance.
Arthur Wheelock: Pleasure and Prestige: The Complex History of Collecting Flemish Art in America
Arthur K. Wheelock, Jr., Curator, Northern Baroque Painting, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. presents his lecture, Pleasure and Prestige: The Complex History of Collecting Flemish Art in America on Friday, May 13, 2016. This lecture is part of the symposium 'America and the Art of Flanders: Collecting Paintings by Rubens, Van Dyck, and Their Circles' presented by the Center for the History of Collecting at The Frick Collection on Friday and Saturday, May 13-14, 2016.
[previously hosted on Vimeo: 183 views]
Antwerp | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Antwerp
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Antwerp ( (listen), Dutch: Antwerpen [ˈɑntʋɛrpə(n)] (listen), French: Anvers French pronunciation: [ɑ̃vɛʁ(s)]) is a city in Belgium, and is the capital of Antwerp province in Flanders. With a population of 520,504, it is the most populous city proper in Belgium. Its metropolitan area houses around 1,200,000 people, coming in second behind Brussels.Antwerp is on the River Scheldt, linked to the North Sea by the Westerschelde estuary. It is about 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of Brussels, and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) from the Dutch border. The Port of Antwerp is one of the biggest in the world, ranking second in Europe and within the top 20 globally. Antwerp was also the place of the world's oldest stock exchange building, originally built in 1531 and re-built in 1872.Antwerp has long been an important city in the Low Countries, both economically and culturally, especially before the Spanish Fury (1576) and in the Dutch Revolt. The inhabitants of Antwerp are nicknamed Sinjoren (Dutch pronunciation: [sɪnˈjoːˌrən]), after the Spanish honorific señor or French seigneur, lord, referring to the Spanish noblemen who ruled the city in the 17th century. Today Antwerp is a major trade and cultural centre. The city hosted the 1920 Summer Olympics.
Antwerp | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:38 1 History
00:01:47 1.1 Origin of the name
00:04:38 1.2 Pre-1500
00:06:26 1.3 16th century
00:10:46 1.4 Reformation era
00:11:41 1.5 Dutch revolt
00:12:28 1.6 17th–19th centuries
00:14:48 1.7 20th century
00:17:18 2 Municipality
00:18:38 3 Buildings and landmarks
00:23:51 4 Fortifications
00:25:08 5 Demographics
00:25:17 5.1 Historical population
00:25:35 5.2 Minorities
00:26:01 5.2.1 Jewish community
00:27:22 5.2.2 Jain community
00:28:10 5.2.3 Armenian community
00:29:02 6 Economy
00:29:12 6.1 Port
00:30:41 6.2 Diamonds
00:32:26 7 Transportation
00:32:36 7.1 Road
00:34:27 7.2 Rail
00:35:59 7.3 Public transportation
00:36:35 7.4 Air
00:38:10 8 Politics
00:38:19 8.1 City council
00:38:44 8.2 Former mayors
00:40:02 9 Climate
00:40:36 10 Culture
00:41:30 10.1 Fashion
00:42:21 10.2 Local products
00:43:26 10.3 Missions to seafarers
00:43:54 10.4 Music
00:44:13 10.5 Music festivals
00:44:54 10.6 World Choir Games
00:45:20 11 Sport
00:46:56 12 Higher education
00:48:19 13 International relations
00:48:30 13.1 Twin towns and sister cities
00:48:45 13.2 Partnerships
00:48:54 14 Notable people
00:49:04 14.1 Born in Antwerp
00:49:13 14.2 Lived in Antwerp
00:55:41 15 Select neighbourhoods
00:56:33 16 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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Speaking Rate: 0.8139439265793638
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Antwerp ( (listen); Dutch: Antwerpen [ˈɑntʋɛrpə(n)] (listen); French: Anvers [ɑ̃vɛʁs]) is a city in Belgium, and is the capital of Antwerp province in Flanders. With a population of 520,504, it is the most populous city proper in Belgium, and with 1,200,000 the second largest metropolitan region after Brussels.Antwerp is on the River Scheldt, linked to the North Sea by the river's Westerschelde estuary. It is about 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of Brussels, and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) south of the Dutch border. The Port of Antwerp is one of the biggest in the world, ranking second in Europe and within the top 20 globally. The city is also known for its diamond industry and trade.
Both economically and culturally, Antwerp is and has long been an important city in the Low Countries, especially before and during the Spanish Fury (1576) and throughout and after the subsequent Dutch Revolt. Antwerp was also the place of the world's oldest stock exchange building, originally built in 1531 and re-built in 1872.The inhabitants of Antwerp are nicknamed Sinjoren (Dutch pronunciation: [sɪɲˈjoːrə(n)]), after the Spanish honorific señor or French seigneur, lord, referring to the Spanish noblemen who ruled the city in the 17th century. The city hosted the 1920 Summer Olympics.
Antwerp | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Antwerp
00:01:23 1 History
00:01:32 1.1 Origin of the name
00:03:57 1.2 Pre-1500
00:05:30 1.3 16th century
00:09:14 1.4 Reformation era
00:10:03 1.5 Dutch revolt
00:10:43 1.6 17th–19th centuries
00:12:43 1.7 20th century
00:14:51 2 Municipality
00:16:00 3 Buildings and landmarks
00:20:16 4 Fortifications
00:21:22 5 Demographics
00:21:31 5.1 Historical population
00:21:47 5.2 Minorities
00:22:10 5.2.1 Jewish community
00:23:20 5.2.2 Jain community
00:24:01 5.2.3 Armenian community
00:24:46 6 Economy
00:26:48 7 Transportation
00:26:57 7.1 Road
00:28:33 7.2 Rail
00:29:51 7.3 Public transportation
00:30:23 7.4 Air
00:31:44 8 Politics
00:31:52 8.1 City council
00:32:22 8.2 Former mayors
00:33:31 9 Climate
00:34:00 10 Culture
00:34:47 10.1 Fashion
00:35:32 10.2 Local products
00:36:29 10.3 Missions to seafarers
00:36:53 10.4 Music
00:37:11 10.5 Music festivals
00:37:47 10.6 World Choir Games
00:38:10 11 Sport
00:39:32 12 Higher education
00:40:44 13 International relations
00:40:53 13.1 Twin towns and sister cities
00:41:07 13.2 Partnerships
00:41:16 14 Notable people
00:41:25 14.1 Born in Antwerp
00:41:34 14.2 Lived in Antwerp
00:47:01 15 Select neighbourhoods
00:47:45 16 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Antwerp ( (listen), Dutch: Antwerpen [ˈɑntʋɛrpə(n)] (listen), French: Anvers French pronunciation: [ɑ̃vɛʁ(s)]) is a city in Belgium, and is the capital of Antwerp province in Flanders. With a population of 520,504, it is the most populous city proper in Belgium. Its metropolitan area houses around 1,200,000 people, coming in second behind Brussels.Antwerp is on the River Scheldt, linked to the North Sea by the Westerschelde estuary. It is about 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of Brussels, and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) from the Dutch border. The Port of Antwerp is one of the biggest in the world, ranking second in Europe and within the top 20 globally. Antwerp was also the place of the world's oldest stock exchange building, originally built in 1531 and re-built in 1872.Antwerp has long been an important city in the Low Countries, both economically and culturally, especially before the Spanish Fury (1576) and in the Dutch Revolt. The inhabitants of Antwerp are nicknamed Sinjoren (Dutch pronunciation: [sɪnˈjoːˌrən]), after the Spanish honorific señor or French seigneur, lord, referring to the Spanish noblemen who ruled the city in the 17th century. Today Antwerp is a major trade and cultural centre. The city hosted the 1920 Summer Olympics.
Brussels | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Brussels
00:02:53 1 Toponymy
00:03:02 1.1 Etymology
00:03:42 1.2 Pronunciation
00:04:39 2 History
00:04:51 2.1 Early history
00:05:55 2.2 Middle Ages
00:07:18 2.3 Early modern
00:10:17 2.4 Late modern
00:12:27 2.5 20th century
00:13:56 2.6 Contemporary
00:15:02 3 Geography
00:15:11 3.1 Location and topography
00:16:23 3.2 Climate
00:17:07 4 Brussels as a capital
00:18:39 5 Municipalities
00:21:24 6 Brussels-Capital Region
00:21:33 6.1 Political status
00:22:44 6.2 Institutions
00:23:57 6.3 Agglomeration of Brussels
00:25:00 7 French and Flemish communities
00:26:20 7.1 Common Community Commission
00:27:53 8 International institutions
00:28:58 8.1 European Union
00:30:56 8.2 Eurocontrol
00:31:28 8.3 North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
00:32:30 9 Demographics
00:32:39 9.1 Population
00:33:36 9.2 Nationalities
00:35:09 9.3 Languages
00:40:26 9.4 Religions
00:42:51 10 Culture
00:43:00 10.1 Architecture
00:48:40 10.2 Arts
00:51:47 10.3 Folklore
00:53:29 10.4 Cultural events and festivals
00:55:07 10.5 Cuisine
00:57:08 10.6 Shopping
00:58:44 11 Sports
00:59:57 11.1 Cycling
01:00:32 11.2 Association football
01:01:52 12 Economy
01:04:25 13 Media
01:05:28 14 Education
01:05:37 14.1 Tertiary education
01:07:13 14.2 Primary and secondary education
01:08:05 14.3 Libraries
01:08:29 15 Science and technology
01:09:02 15.1 Healthcare
01:09:39 16 Transport
01:09:48 16.1 Air
01:10:34 16.2 Water
01:12:02 16.3 Train
01:13:37 16.4 City public transport
01:14:03 16.4.1 Metro
01:14:57 16.4.2 Trams and buses
01:15:57 16.4.3 Ticketing
01:16:38 16.4.4 Other public transport
01:17:24 16.5 Road network
01:19:49 17 Security and emergency services
01:20:00 17.1 Police
01:21:05 17.2 Fire department
01:21:57 18 Parks and green spaces
01:22:58 19 Notable people
01:23:07 20 International relations
01:23:17 20.1 Twin towns and sister cities
01:23:30 21 Rankings
01:23:47 22 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Brussels (French: Bruxelles [bʁysɛl] (listen); Dutch: Brussel [ˈbrʏsəl] (listen)), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (French: Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, Dutch: Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest), is a region of Belgium comprising 19 municipalities, including the City of Brussels, which is the capital of Belgium. The Brussels-Capital Region is located in the central portion of the country and is a part of both the French Community of Belgium and the Flemish Community, but is separate from the Flemish Region (in which it forms an enclave) and the Walloon Region. Brussels is the most densely populated and the richest region in Belgium in terms of GDP per capita. It covers 161 km2 (62 sq mi), a relatively small area compared to the two other regions, and has a population of 1.2 million. The metropolitan area of Brussels counts over 2.1 million people, which makes it the largest in Belgium. It is also part of a large conurbation extending towards Ghent, Antwerp, Leuven and Walloon Brabant, home to over 5 million people.Brussels grew from a small rural settlement on the river Senne to become an important city-region in Europe. Since the end of the Second World War, it has been a major centre for international politics and the home of numerous international organisations, politicians, diplomats and civil servants. Brussels is the de facto capital of the European Union, as it hosts a number of principal EU institutions (the two other capitals are Luxembourg and Strasbourg) and its name is sometimes used metonymically to describe the EU and its institutions. The secretariat of the Benelux and headquarters of NATO are also located in Brussels. As the economic capital of Belgium and one of the top financial centres of Western Europe with Euronext Brussels, it is classified as an Alpha global city. Brussels is a hub for rail, road and air traffic, sometimes earning the moniker Crossroads of Europe. The Brussels Metro is the only rapid transit system in Belgium. In addition, both its airport and railway stations are the largest ...
Peter Paul Rubens | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Peter Paul Rubens
00:01:56 1 Biography
00:02:05 1.1 Early life
00:03:19 1.2 Apprenticeship
00:04:05 1.3 Italy (1600–1608)
00:07:38 1.4 Antwerp (1609–1621)
00:11:21 1.5 Marie de' Medici Cycle and diplomatic missions (1621–1630)
00:14:31 1.6 Last decade (1630–1640)
00:16:07 1.7 Death
00:17:56 1.8 Descendants
00:19:05 2 Art
00:21:35 2.1 Workshop
00:22:17 3 Selected works
00:22:46 4 Lost works
00:26:01 5 Art market
00:26:44 6 Selected exhibitions
00:27:24 7 Notes
00:27:33 8 Sources
00:29:40 9 Further reading
00:31:58 10 External links
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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Sir Peter Paul Rubens (; Dutch: [ˈrybə(n)s]; 28 June 1577 – 30 May 1640) was a Flemish artist. He is considered the most influential artist of Flemish Baroque tradition. Rubens' highly charged compositions reference erudite aspects of classical and Christian history. His unique and immensely popular Baroque style emphasized movement, color, and sensuality, which followed the immediate, dramatic artistic style promoted in the Counter-Reformation. Rubens specialized in making altarpieces, portraits, landscapes, and history paintings of mythological and allegorical subjects.
In addition to running a large studio in Antwerp that produced paintings popular with nobility and art collectors throughout Europe, Rubens was a classically educated humanist scholar and diplomat who was knighted by both Philip IV of Spain and Charles I of England. Rubens was a prolific artist. The catalogue of his works by Michael Jaffé lists 1,403 pieces, excluding numerous copies made in his workshop.His commissioned works were mostly history paintings, which included religious and mythological subjects, and hunt scenes. He painted portraits, especially of friends, and self-portraits, and in later life painted several landscapes. Rubens designed tapestries and prints, as well as his own house. He also oversaw the ephemeral decorations of the royal entry into Antwerp by the Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria in 1635.
His drawings are predominantly very forceful and without great detail. He also made great use of oil sketches as preparatory studies. He was one of the last major artists to make consistent use of wooden panels as a support medium, even for very large works, but he used canvas as well, especially when the work needed to be sent a long distance. For altarpieces he sometimes painted on slate to reduce reflection problems.
Brussels | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Brussels
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Brussels (French: Bruxelles [bʁysɛl] (listen); Dutch: Brussel [ˈbrʏsəl] (listen)), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (French: Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, Dutch: Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest), is a region of Belgium comprising 19 municipalities, including the City of Brussels, which is the capital of Belgium. The Brussels-Capital Region is located in the central portion of the country and is a part of both the French Community of Belgium and the Flemish Community, but is separate from the Flemish Region (in which it forms an enclave) and the Walloon Region. Brussels is the most densely populated and the richest region in Belgium in terms of GDP per capita. It covers 161 km2 (62 sq mi), a relatively small area compared to the two other regions, and has a population of 1.2 million. The metropolitan area of Brussels counts over 2.1 million people, which makes it the largest in Belgium. It is also part of a large conurbation extending towards the Flemish cities of Ghent, Antwerp and Leuven, home to over 5 million people.Brussels grew from a small rural settlement on the river Senne to become an important city-region in Europe. Since the end of the Second World War, it has been a major centre for international politics and the home of numerous international organisations, politicians, diplomats and civil servants. Brussels is the de facto capital of the European Union, as it hosts a number of principal EU institutions (the two other capitals are Luxembourg and Strasbourg) and its name is sometimes used metonymically to describe the EU and its institutions. The secretariat of the Benelux and headquarters of NATO are also located in Brussels. As the economic capital of Belgium and one of the top financial centres of Western Europe with Euronext Brussels, it is classified as an Alpha global city. Brussels is a hub for rail, road and air traffic, sometimes earning the moniker Crossroads of Europe. The Brussels Metro is the only rapid transit system in Belgium. In addition, both airport, which is based in the Flemish region and railway stations are the largest and busiest in the country.Historically Dutch-speaking, Brussels saw a language shift to French from the late 19th century. French is now spoken by about 75% of the population. Brussels is bilingual in Dutch and French, as Dutch is spoken by a large part of the population as the first or second language, and is the majority language of Belgium. Brussels is also increasingly becoming multilingual. English is spoken as a second language by nearly a third of the population and a large number of migrants and expatriates speak other languages.Brussels is known for its cuisine and gastronomy, as well as its historical and architectural landmarks; some of them are registered as UNESCO World Heritage sites. Main attractions include its historic Grand Place, Manneken Pis, Atomium, and cultural institutions such as La Monnaie and the Museums of Art and History. It is also a capital of the comic strip.