O Mis Ermanos (Dirge in Ladino), for 9th of Av
While Holocaust is remembered by the secular world on Holocaust Memorial Day, the 9th of Av is the day when Jews traditionally mourn the tragedies of our history, including the Spanish Inquisition and Holocaust. Many are not aware that, besides the decimation of Ashkenazi Jewry in Europe, the great majority of European Sephardic Jewry were utterly wiped out by the Nazis. The chief center of the Sephardic Diaspora until that time was Greece, Thessaloniki in particular. Members of my own extended family flourished there. Then, in World War II, over 90% of the community was put on trains to Auschwitz and exterminated.
The following is a dirge in Ladino, Judeo-Spanish, remembering the massacred community and honoring the partisans and a single survivor of the courageous Auschwitz Uprising. It was written by a Sephardic poetess from the community, Jennie Adato Tarabulus, and the music by Judy Frankel of blessed memory.
O Mis Ermanos
Komo se fueron, komo se fueron,
O mis ermanos, ermanos en Grecia.
De Salonika i de Lárisa
I de Kavála, de Xanthi
I Rhodos, i de Atena.
I de la Drama, i Komotini
I de las islas
I de las islas de Grecia.
Si ya sabemos komo guerrearon
Komo partisanes en Macedonia,
I ya oimos del uniko ke kedo bivo
En la korajosa revolta de Auschwitz '44.
O mis ermanos, solos muriendo
En tyera ajena, una muerte kruela
No vos olvido, no vos olvido
Tus korason es son kon nosotros
Siempre por siempre
En tyera santa, la tyera santa
Yerushalayim
* * * * *
How they died, how they died
O my brethren, brethren in Greece.
From Thessaloniki and from Larisa,
and from Kavála, from Xanthi,
and Rhodes, and from Athens,
and from Drama, and Komotini,
and from the islands
the islands of Greece.
Yes, we know how they fought
as partisans in Macedonia,
And we've heard from the sole survivor
in the courageous Auschwitz revolt in '44.
O my brethren, dying alone
In a distant land, a cruel death
We won't forget you, we won't forget you
Your hearts are with us
Forever and ever
In a Holy Land, the Holy Land
Jerusalem
Ioannina, Greece - Ιωάννινα - Grecia Griechenland Griekenland - AtlasVisual
Greece Video Map:
Ioannina in Greece ( Grecia Griechenland Griekenland ) - Ιωάννινα - is the capital and largest city of Epirus, located on the western shore of lake Pamvotis. Located 450 km from Athens, 290 kilometres from Thessaloniki and 80 km from the port of Igoumenitsa in the Ionian Sea. Founded by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian in the 6th century AD, the town flourished following the Fourth Crusade, when many wealthy Byzantine families fled there in the early 13th century following the sack of Constantinople. Ioannina has a wealth of attractions and museums: The Islet of Pamvotis lake, the Island Museum, the National Archaeological Museum, the castle located in the center of the town, the Fethiye Mosque located in Its-Kale Fortress, the Aslan Pasha Ottoman Mosque, the Old Ottoman Library, the Byzantine Museum, the Municipal Gallery of Giannina, and the Jewish Synagogue. 10 km south of the city lies the Pavlos Vrellis Greek History Museum, a wax museum which covers events and personalities from Greek history, established in 1995 and it is the result of the personal work of one man. Ioannina is famous throughout Greece for its silverwork and has many shops selling silver jewelry and decorative items.
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halkida masjid evia.mp4
The second biggest island of Greece Euboia (Evia) used to have a big Ottoman Muslim community living in the capital Chalkida (Halkida) together with an older Jewish community. This mosque here is an old 15th century building with a fountain in front of it and a 19th century synagogue. The Jewish community here is the oldest in Greece and Jewish life was very rich under Ottoman rule. There used to be 13 mosques in Chalkida with the Sultan Muhammad Khan Camii being the biggest and most outstanding one (it had 48 pillars). In this mosque we can find a Byzantine collection of mosaics, ceramics and other Byzantine objects.
History of the Jews in Greece | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
History of the Jews in Greece
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Jews have been present in Greece since at least the fourth century BC. The oldest and the most characteristic Jewish group that has inhabited Greece are the Romaniotes, also known as Greek Jews. However, the term Greek Jew is predominantly used for any person of Jewish descent or faith that lives in or originates from the modern region of Greece.
Aside from the Romaniotes, a distinct Jewish population that historically lived in communities throughout Greece and neighboring areas with large Greek populations, Greece had a large population of Sephardi Jews, and is a historical center of Sephardic life; the city of Salonica or Thessaloniki, in Greek Macedonia, was called the Mother of Israel. Greek Jews played an important role in the early development of Christianity, and became a source of education and commerce for the Byzantine Empire and throughout the period of Ottoman Greece, until suffering devastation in the Holocaust after Greece was conquered and occupied by the Axis powers despite efforts by Greeks to protect them. In the aftermath of the Holocaust, a large percentage of the surviving community emigrated to Israel or the United States.
The Jewish community in Greece currently amounts to roughly 8,000 people, concentrated mainly in Athens, Thessaloniki (or Salonika in Judeo-Spanish), Larissa, Volos, Chalkis, Ioannina, Trikala, Corfu and a functioning synagogue on Crete, while very few remain in Kavala and Rhodes. Greek Jews today largely live side by side in harmony with Christian Greeks, according to Giorgo Romaio, president of the Greek Committee for the Jewish Museum of Greece, while nevertheless continuing to work with other Greeks, and Jews worldwide, to combat any rise of anti-Semitism in Greece. Currently the Jewish community of Greece makes great efforts to establish a Holocaust museum in the country. A permanent pavilion about the Holocaust of Greek Jews in KZ Auschwitz shall be installed. A delegation and the president of the Jewish communities of Greece met in November 2016 with Greek politicians and asked them for support in their demand to get back the community archives of the Jewish community of Thessaloniki from Moscow.
Ioannina, Greece ( Ιωάννινα, Ελλάδα ) - What to see in Ioannina Greece
Ioannina, Greece ( Ιωάννινα, Ελλάδα ) - What to see in Ioannina
Ioannina or Yannena is one of Northern Greece's most atmospheric cities. Built at the banks of lake Pamvotida is a place full of history and art. The city is fascinating, ideal for vacation throughout the year. Ioannina has everything: important archaeological sights, a lake and a small island in its middle, surrounded by mountains, intense nightlife and an excquisite traditional cuisine. Ioannina is also known as the city of silversmiths and as gastronomical paradise. It is the perfect blend between history of the old and a sprawling modern city infrastructure built to accommodate tourists of all nations. For centuries, Christians, Jews and Muslims coexisted in the alleys of this oldest, walled part of Ioannina. Ioannina still has cobblestone streets and interesting architecture. As you wander these atmospheric streets, fascinating attractions will catch your eye.
The castle town of Ioannina is the oldest byzantine fortress in Greece and is one of the few castles that is still inhabited. Some important monuments inside its walls are the Its Kale Acropolis there you will see the Fetiche Mosque where you will learn about the story of Ali Pasa and the role that played in the history of the city. The Fetiyie mosque is built at the highest point of the acropolis, where, according to historical sources, previously stood the metropolitan church of Archangel Michael during the late Byzantine period. The Fetiyie mosque became the religious centre of the acropolis throughout the 18th century. Its current form is result of the restoration works carried out during the reigh of Ali Pasha from 1795 onwards. In front of the Fetiyie mosque there are the tomb of Ali Pasa and his first wife. His decapitated body was buried there in 1822, next to his spouse Emine. Other sites that worth a visit are the Byzantine museum with an extensive collection of Byzantine icons, the ammunition depot and a Byzantine silversmithing collection.
Other interesting sites inside the castle walls are the remains of a turkish library,the tower of Bohemond, the Seraglio of Ali Pasha, the Treasury…. and much more.
The whole realm of Ioannina is just breathtaking; it is the perfect picturesque getaway for romantic couples or for a memorable family vacation. And it never gets boring, the clubs and bars are open all through the night with university students thronging in to catch fun. Ioannina boasts of wonderful restaurants and master chefs who would make you delicacies you would live to remember for a long time. Let yourself be captivated by the legends surrounding this beautiful city in Epirus.
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New Mosque (Thessaloniki)
The New Mosque (Turkish: Yeni Camii; Greek: Γενί Τζαμί, Yeni Tzami) is a historical mosque in Thessaloniki, Greece. It was built by Italian architect Vitaliano Poselli in 1902 for the city's Donmeh community, Jewish converts to Islam. However, when the Donmeh left the city during the population exchange between Greece and Turkey, it was used to house the Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki in 1925.Today it serves as an exhibition center.
BLAZE BAYLEY message to Kastoria!
ΜΟΥΣΕΙΟ ΚΑΛΑΘΟΠΛΕΚΤΙΚΗΣ ΤΩΝ ΡΩΜΑ
Φωτογραφίες από την συλλογή του Μουσείου Καλαθοπλεκτικής των Ρωμά Κομοτηνής.
Ζωντανή Μετάδοση: To ΙΣΝ εγκαινιάζει τη νέα μηνιαία σειρά εκδηλώσεων Διάλογοι.
Μέσα από τη σειρά εκδηλώσεων Διάλογοι, το ΙΣΝ σκοπεύει να παρουσιάσει, μεταξύ άλλων, ανθρώπους που με το έργο και τη δράση τους εμπνέουν και ευελπιστεί να ενθαρρύνει συζητήσεις γύρω από καίρια ζητήματα της ζωής σε όλο τον κόσμο.
Οι Διάλογοι θα φωτίσουν πτυχές των κύριων θεματικών στις οποίες δραστηριοποιείται το ΙΣΝ: Τέχνη και Πολιτισμός, Παιδεία, Υγεία και Αθλητισμός και Κοινωνική Πρόνοια. Οι Διάλογοι θα διεξάγονται ζωντανά, σε χώρο προσβάσιμο από το κοινό, με προεγγραφή, αλλά θα είναι διαθέσιμοι και διαδικτυακά, live ή on demand, στο SNF.org.
Στην πρώτη εκδήλωση της σειράς θα παρουσιαστούν οι δράσεις ανθρώπων και ομάδων από τον κύκλο νέων δωρεών του ΙΣΝ.
Ακόμη, το ΙΣΝ, σε συνεργασία με την ηγεσία του Υπουργείου Υγείας, θα παρουσιάσει τη νέα πρωτοβουλία του, ύψους άνω των €200 εκατομμυρίων, για την ενίσχυση του χώρου της Υγείας στην Ελλάδα.
Military history of Bulgaria during World War II | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Military history of Bulgaria during World War II
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The military history of Bulgaria during World War II encompasses an initial period of neutrality until 1 March 1941, a period of alliance with the Axis Powers until 9 September 1944 (on 8 September, the Red Army entered Bulgaria) and a period of alignment with the Allies in the final year of the war. Bulgaria functioned as an authoritarian state during most of World War II. Tsar Boris III (reigned 1918–1943) ruled with a prime minister and a parliament.
History of the Jews in Bulgaria | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
History of the Jews in Bulgaria
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Jews have had a continuous presence in historic Bulgarian lands since before the 2nd century CE, and have often played an important part in the history of Bulgaria.
Today, the majority of Bulgarian Jews live in Israel, while modern-day Bulgaria continues to host a modest Jewish population.
ΔΙΑΛΟΓΟΙ: Θεσσαλονίκη
Θεσσαλονίκη: Ιστορία, τέχνη, πολιτική, κουλτούρα, άνθρωποι. Την Τετάρτη 25 Σεπτεμβρίου, οι ΔΙΑΛΟΓΟΙ ταξιδεύουν στη Θεσσαλονίκη και αναζητούν απαντήσεις ως προς τον χαρακτηρισμό «νέο Βερολίνο» που της αποδίδεται από τον διεθνή τύπο, τις προοπτικές ανάπτυξης, και τη συνύπαρξη παλαιού και νέου. Προσκεκλημένοι ομιλητές ανοίγουν συζήτηση για τα πολλαπλά πρόσωπα της πόλης που αποτέλεσε και συνεχίζει να αποτελεί σημείο αναφοράς για τον πολιτισμό και την ιστορία όχι μόνο της Ελλάδας αλλά και της ευρύτερης περιοχής των Βαλκανίων και της Ευρώπης.
Στη συζήτηση συμμετέχουν:
Ορέστης Ανδρεαδάκης, Διευθυντής Φεστιβάλ Κινηματογράφου Θεσσαλονίκης
Ιεροκλής Μιχαηλίδης, Ηθοποιός
Γιάννης Μπουτάρης , Πρόεδρος του Μουσείου Ολοκαυτώματος Ελλάδος
Γεωργία Τσιαμαντά, Project Manager OK!Thess
Σύντομες παρεμβάσεις θα πραγματοποιηθούν από τον Δημήτριο Ζαφειρίου, Καθηγητή Παιδιατρικής, Παιδιατρικής Νευρολογίας - Αναπτυξιολογίας ΑΠΘ, Α΄ Παιδιατρική Κλινική Α.Π.Θ., Ιπποκράτειο Γενικό Νοσοκομείο Θεσσαλονίκης, τον Μαρκ Μαζάουερ, Καθηγητή Ιστορίας, Πανεπιστήμιο Columbia, Δημοσιογράφο και Συγγραφέα, τον Γιώργος Νικολάου, Συνιδρυτή Startup SoulScan και την Σοφία Σαρρή, Συνιδρύτρια Startup Shifting Our City.
Τους ΔΙΑΛΟΓΟΥΣ επιμελείται και συντονίζει η Άννα-Κύνθια Μπουσδούκου.
Battle of Greece | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Battle of Greece
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Battle of Greece (also known as Operation Marita, German: Unternehmen Marita) is the common name for the invasion of Allied Greece by Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany in April 1941 during World War II. The Italian invasion in October 1940, which is usually known as the Greco-Italian War, was followed by the German invasion in April 1941. German landings on the island of Crete (May 1941) came after Allied forces had been defeated in mainland Greece. These battles were part of the greater Balkan Campaign of Germany.
Following the Italian invasion on 28 October 1940, Greece repulsed the initial Italian attack and a counter-attack in March 1941. When the German invasion, known as Operation Marita, began on 6 April, the bulk of the Greek Army was on the Greek border with Albania, then a protectorate of Italy, from which the Italian troops had attacked. German troops invaded from Bulgaria, creating a second front. Greece received a small reinforcement from British, Australian and New Zealand forces in anticipation of the German attack. The Greek army found itself outnumbered in its effort to defend against both Italian and German troops. As a result, the Metaxas defensive line did not receive adequate troop reinforcements and was quickly overrun by the Germans, who then outflanked the Greek forces at the Albanian border, forcing their surrender. British, Australian and New Zealand forces were overwhelmed and forced to retreat, with the ultimate goal of evacuation. For several days, Allied troops played an important part in containing the German advance on the Thermopylae position, allowing ships to be prepared to evacuate the units defending Greece. The German Army reached the capital, Athens, on 27 April and Greece's southern shore on 30 April, capturing 7,000 British, Australian and New Zealand personnel and ending the battle with a decisive victory. The conquest of Greece was completed with the capture of Crete a month later. Following its fall, Greece was occupied by the military forces of Germany, Italy and Bulgaria.Hitler later blamed the failure of his invasion of the Soviet Union, which had to be delayed, on Mussolini's failed conquest of Greece. The theory that the Battle of Greece delayed the invasion of the Soviet Union has been refuted by the majority of historians, who have accused Hitler of trying to deflect blame from himself to his ally, Italy. It nevertheless had serious consequences for the Axis war effort in the North African theatre. Enno von Rintelen, who was the military attaché in Rome, emphasises from the German point of view, the strategic mistake of not taking Malta.
Thrace | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Thrace
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Thrace (; Modern Greek: Θράκη, Thráki; Bulgarian: Тракия, Trakiya; Turkish: Trakya) is a geographical and historical area in southeast Europe, now split between Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey, which is bounded by the Balkan Mountains to the north, the Aegean Sea to the south and the Black Sea to the east. It comprises southeastern Bulgaria (Northern Thrace), northeastern Greece (Western Thrace) and the European part of Turkey (Eastern Thrace).
In antiquity, it was also referred to as Europe, prior to the extension of the term to describe the whole continent. The name Thrace comes from the Thracians, an ancient Indo-European people inhabiting Southeastern Europe.