liaoshen campaign ep 4-5 battle of jinzhou
liaoshen campaign ep 4-5 battle of jinzhou
Liaoshen Campaign
國共內戰之遼西會戰重演
Harbin | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Harbin
00:01:59 1 History
00:02:08 1.1 Early history
00:04:47 1.2 International city
00:10:14 1.3 Japanese invasion period
00:14:57 1.4 After World War II
00:20:28 2 Geography
00:21:59 2.1 Climate
00:23:39 3 Administrative divisions
00:23:57 4 Economy
00:27:22 4.1 Economic Development Zones and Ports
00:31:34 5 Demographics
00:31:43 5.1 Population
00:33:01 5.2 Ethnic groups
00:33:47 5.3 Religion
00:34:31 6 Culture
00:35:01 6.1 Dialect
00:35:24 6.2 Cuisine
00:39:18 6.3 Winter culture
00:42:10 6.4 iThe Music City/i
00:43:03 6.4.1 Harbin Summer Music Concert
00:44:38 6.5 Media
00:44:46 6.6 Television and radio
00:45:39 7 Architecture
00:46:07 7.1 Historical architecture
00:48:10 7.2 Modern architecture
00:49:20 8 Sports
00:51:59 8.1 Events
00:53:18 9 Transport
00:53:27 9.1 Railway
00:55:47 9.2 Road
00:57:07 9.3 Air
00:58:20 9.4 Subway
01:00:28 9.5 Ports and waterways
01:01:05 10 Education
01:02:45 11 Military
01:03:16 12 International relations
01:04:11 13 See also
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Harbin (Manchu: Harbin; Chinese: 哈尔滨 Hā'ěrbīn) is the capital of Heilongjiang province, and largest city in the northeastern region of the People's Republic of China. Holding sub-provincial administrative status, Harbin has direct jurisdiction over nine metropolitan districts, two county-level cities and seven counties. Harbin is the eighth most populous Chinese city according to the 2010 census, the built-up area (which consists of all districts except Shuangcheng and Acheng) had 5,282,093 inhabitants, while the total population of the sub-provincial city was up to 10,635,971. Harbin serves as a key political, economic, scientific, cultural, and communications hub in Northeast China, as well as an important industrial base of the nation.Harbin, whose name was originally a Manchu word meaning a place for drying fishing nets, grew from a small rural settlement on the Songhua River to become one of the largest cities in Northeast China. Founded in 1898 with the coming of the Chinese Eastern Railway, the city first prospered as a region inhabited by an overwhelming majority of the immigrants from the Russian Empire.Having the most bitterly cold winters among major Chinese cities, Harbin is heralded as the Ice City for its well-known winter tourism and recreations. Harbin is notable for its beautiful ice sculpture festival in the winter. Besides being well known for its historical Russian legacy, the city serves as an important gateway in Sino-Russian trade today, containing a sizable population of Russian diaspora. In the 1920s, the city was considered China's fashion capital since new designs from Paris and Moscow reached here first before arriving in Shanghai. The city was voted China Top Tourist City by the China National Tourism Administration in 2004. On 22 June 2010, Harbin was appointed a City of Music by the UN.
Senate Session 2012-03-29 (10:36:22-11:45:19)
The Senate continued work on a bill to increase taxes on higher tax brackets. At 11:30 a.m. members took a cloture vote on the bill to repeal tax breaks for oil and gas industry.
Harbin | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:05 1 History
00:02:15 1.1 Early history
00:04:52 1.2 International city
00:16:10 1.3 Japanese invasion period
00:22:00 1.4 After World War II
00:28:30 2 Geography
00:30:13 2.1 Climate
00:32:04 3 Administrative divisions
00:32:24 4 Economy
00:36:14 4.1 Economic Development Zones and Ports
00:40:57 5 Demographics
00:41:06 5.1 Population
00:42:35 5.2 Ethnic groups
00:43:28 5.3 Religion
00:44:17 6 Culture
00:44:51 6.1 Dialect
00:45:16 6.2 Cuisine
00:49:39 6.3 Winter culture
00:52:54 6.4 iThe Music City/i
00:53:54 6.4.1 Harbin Summer Music Concert
00:55:41 6.5 Media
00:55:50 6.6 Television and radio
00:56:48 7 Architecture
00:57:19 7.1 Historical architecture
00:59:40 7.2 Modern architecture
01:00:57 8 Sports
01:03:56 8.1 Events
01:05:25 9 Transport
01:05:35 9.1 Railway
01:08:33 9.2 Road
01:09:58 9.3 Air
01:11:18 9.4 Metro
01:13:42 9.5 Ports and waterways
01:14:24 10 Education
01:16:16 11 Military
01:16:51 12 International relations
01:17:52 13 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8530836655577817
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Harbin (Manchu: ᡥᠠᠯᠪᡳᠨ; Chinese: 哈尔滨 Hā'ěrbīn) is the capital of Heilongjiang province, and largest city in the northeastern region of the People's Republic of China. Holding sub-provincial administrative status, Harbin has direct jurisdiction over nine metropolitan districts, two county-level cities and seven counties. Harbin is the eighth most populous Chinese city according to the 2010 census, the built-up area (which consists of all districts except Shuangcheng and Acheng) had 5,282,093 inhabitants, while the total population of the sub-provincial city was up to 10,635,971. Harbin serves as a key political, economic, scientific, cultural, and communications hub in Northeast China, as well as an important industrial base of the nation.Harbin, whose name was originally a Manchu word meaning a place for drying fishing nets, grew from a small rural settlement on the Songhua River to become one of the largest cities in Northeast China. Founded in 1898 with the coming of the Chinese Eastern Railway, the city first prospered as a region inhabited by an overwhelming majority of immigrants from the Russian Empire.Having the most bitterly cold winters among major Chinese cities, Harbin is heralded as the Ice City for its well-known winter tourism and recreations. Harbin is notable for its beautiful ice sculpture festival in the winter. Besides being well known for its historical Russian legacy, the city serves as an important gateway in Sino-Russian trade today. In the 1920s, the city was considered China's fashion capital since new designs from Paris and Moscow reached here first before arriving in Shanghai. The city was voted China Top Tourist City by the China National Tourism Administration in 2004.
Students' March in Washington, D.C. - Oct. 2nd 2010.MOV
On the morning of Saturday, October 2nd, 2010, over 175,000 students, teachers and other citizens from across the United States gathered in Washington D.C., just outside the Lincoln Memorial, to protest against the government's actions of abusing its budget by spending more money on the war overseas than on establishing new jobs, funding education and permanently solving other great problems taking place within the nation.
It was unlike anything I had ever seen. I had visited the nation's capital once when I was 13, but that was during a Mother's Day family vacation. Things had changed now (not to mention that the beautiful pool I once saw outside the Capitol building is gone now!). But the biggest, most important change of all was that I finally got to vacation alone (for one day anyway), AND participate as one of the voices of the nation, all while capturing this one historic moment on camera. It was an epic experience unlike anything I ever witnessed, and I will treasure it all my life!
(Video © Jeffrey DeCristofaro, Desert Eye Productions 2010. All Rights Reserved.)
The Argumentative Indian
For more on this event, visit:
For more on the India Initiative:
October 19, 2017 | On October 19, 2017, the India Initiative, in partnership with the Association for India's Development, hosted a screening of The Argumentative Indian, a documentary about Nobel laureate and world-renowned economist Amartya Sen, directed by Suman Ghosh, a Bengali filmmaker and economist. The documentary traces Amartya Sen’s life and explores how the arc of his career shaped his current worldview and impacted his beliefs about social choice theory, development economics, and philosophy. Shot over a period of 15 years, the film follows a series of conversations between Professor Sen and his student, Kaushik Basu.
After the film screening, Amartya Sen, professor of economics and philosophy at Harvard University; Suman Ghosh, documentary filmmaker and professor of economics at Florida Atlantic University; and Kaushik Basu, former chief economist at the World Bank answered questions from the audience. The esteemed economists discussed the economics of social justice, community welfare, and how economists can help measure and improve the quality of life for citizens in developing countries.
This event was co-sponsored by the India Initiative and the Association for India's Development.
Kaushik Basu is a professor of economics and the C. Marks Professor of International Studies at Cornell University; he is the former senior vice president and chief economist of the World Bank.
Suman Ghosh is a documentary filmmaker and professor of economics at Florida Atlantic University.
Amartya Sen is the Thomas W. Lamont University Professor at Harvard University and a recipient of the Nobel Prize in Economics.
Association for India's Development is a volunteer movement promoting sustainable, equitable and just development. AID supports grassroots organizations in India and initiates efforts in various interconnected spheres such as education, livelihoods, natural resources including land, water and energy, agriculture, health, women’s empowerment and social justice.
Second Sino-Japanese War | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Second Sino-Japanese War
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Second Sino-Japanese War was a military conflict fought primarily between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan from July 7, 1937, to September 2, 1945. It began with the Marco Polo Bridge Incident in 1937 in which a dispute between Japanese and Chinese troops escalated into a battle.
China fought Japan with aid from the Soviet Union and the United States. After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, the war merged with other conflicts of World War II as a major sector known as the China Burma India Theater. Some scholars consider the start of the full-scale Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937 to have been the beginning of World War II. The Second Sino-Japanese War was the largest Asian war in the 20th century. It accounted for the majority of civilian and military casualties in the Pacific War, with between 10 and 25 million Chinese civilians and over 4 million Chinese and Japanese military personnel dying from war-related violence, famine, and other causes.
The war was the result of a decades-long Japanese imperialist policy to expand its influence politically and militarily in order to secure access to raw material reserves, food, and labor. The period after World War I brought about increasing stress on the Japanese polity. Leftists sought universal suffrage and greater rights for workers. Increasing textile production from Chinese mills was adversely affecting Japanese production. The Great Depression brought about a large slowdown in exports. All of this contributed to militant nationalism, culminating in the rise to power of a militarist fascist faction. This faction was led at its height by the Hideki Tojo cabinet of the Imperial Rule Assistance Association under edict from Emperor Hirohito. In 1931, the Mukden Incident helped spark the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. The Chinese were defeated and Japan created a new puppet state, Manchukuo; many historians cite 1931 as the beginning of the war. The view has been adopted by the PRC government. From 1931 to 1937, China and Japan continued to skirmish in small, localized engagements, so-called incidents.
Initially the Japanese scored major victories, capturing both Shanghai and the Chinese capital of Nanking in 1937. After failing to stop the Japanese in the Battle of Wuhan, the Chinese central government was relocated to Chongqing (Chungking) in the Chinese interior. By 1939, after Chinese victories in Changsha and Guangxi, and with Japan's lines of communications stretched deep into the Chinese interior, the war reached a stalemate. The Japanese were also unable to defeat the Chinese communist forces in Shaanxi, which waged a campaign of sabotage and guerrilla warfare against the invaders. While Japan ruled the large cities, they lacked sufficient manpower to control China's vast countryside. During this time, Chinese communist forces launched a counter offensive in Central China while Chinese nationalist forces launched a large scale winter offensive.
On December 7, 1941, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, and the following day the United States declared war on Japan. The United States began to aid China by airlifting material over the Himalayas after the Allied defeat in Burma that closed the Burma Road. In 1944 Japan launched the invasion, Operation Ichi-Go, that conquered Henan and Changsha. However, this failed to bring about the surrender of Chinese forces. In 1945, the Chinese Expeditionary Force resumed its advance in Burma and completed the Ledo Road linking India to China. At the same time, China launched large counteroffensives in South China and retook West Hunan and Guangxi.
Despite continuing to occupy part of China's territory, Japan eventually surrendered on September 2, 1945, to Allied forces following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the Soviet invasion of Japanese-held Manchuria. The remaining Japanese occupation forces (excluding Manchuria) for ...
Quantum key distribution | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:12 1 Quantum key exchange
00:04:10 1.1 BB84 protocol: Charles H. Bennett and Gilles Brassard (1984)
00:09:04 1.2 E91 protocol: Artur Ekert (1991)
00:12:27 2 Information reconciliation and privacy amplification
00:15:54 3 Implementations
00:16:03 3.1 Experimental
00:19:01 3.2 Commercial
00:20:11 3.3 Quantum key distribution networks
00:20:21 3.3.1 DARPA
00:20:44 3.3.2 SECOQC
00:21:22 3.3.3 SwissQuantum
00:22:04 3.3.4 Chinese networks
00:23:20 3.3.5 Tokyo QKD Network
00:24:05 3.3.6 Los Alamos National Laboratory
00:24:59 4 Attacks and security proofs
00:25:09 4.1 Intercept and resend
00:27:48 4.2 Man-in-the-middle attack
00:28:52 4.3 Photon number splitting attack
00:31:55 4.4 Denial of service
00:32:26 4.5 Trojan-horse attacks
00:32:55 4.6 Security proofs
00:34:03 5 Quantum hacking
00:36:33 6 Counterfactual quantum key distribution
00:37:34 7 History
00:38:54 8 Future
00:40:31 9 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
There is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a secure communication method which implements a cryptographic protocol involving components of quantum mechanics. It enables two parties to produce a shared random secret key known only to them, which can then be used to encrypt and decrypt messages. It is often incorrectly called quantum cryptography, as it is the best-known example of a quantum cryptographic task.
An important and unique property of quantum key distribution is the ability of the two communicating users to detect the presence of any third party trying to gain knowledge of the key. This results from a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics: the process of measuring a quantum system in general disturbs the system. A third party trying to eavesdrop on the key must in some way measure it, thus introducing detectable anomalies. By using quantum superpositions or quantum entanglement and transmitting information in quantum states, a communication system can be implemented that detects eavesdropping. If the level of eavesdropping is below a certain threshold, a key can be produced that is guaranteed to be secure (i.e. the eavesdropper has no information about it), otherwise no secure key is possible and communication is aborted.
The security of encryption that uses quantum key distribution relies on the foundations of quantum mechanics, in contrast to traditional public key cryptography, which relies on the computational difficulty of certain mathematical functions, and cannot provide any mathematical proof as to the actual complexity of reversing the one-way functions used. QKD has provable security based on information theory, and forward secrecy.
Quantum key distribution is only used to produce and distribute a key, not to transmit any message data. This key can then be used with any chosen encryption algorithm to encrypt (and decrypt) a message, which can then be transmitted over a standard communication channel. The algorithm most commonly associated with QKD is the one-time pad, as it is provably secure when used with a secret, random key. In real-world situations, it is often also used with encryption using symmetric key algorithms like the Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm.