Ergebung - Johannes Pache - Hendrik Jan van der Heiden Stahlhuth-Jann-Organ, St. Martin Dudelange
Ergebung op. 168 - Johannes Pache (1857-1897), Duits organist, leerling van Theodor Berthold en Hermann Scholtz. Hendrik Jan van der Heiden, Stahlhuth-Jann - orgel St. Martinikerk Dudelange, Luxemburg. CD Hommage a Klaas Jan Mulder deel 2.
Ergebung op. 168 - Johannes Pache (1857-1897). Hendrik Jan van der Heiden, Stahlhuth-Jann organ St. Martini church Dudelange, Luxembourg. CD Hommage a Klaas Jan Mulder part 2.
The Dutch organist Hendrik Jan van der Heiden is a pupil of Frans van Tilburg, Jaap Zwart and the famous Dutch organist Klaas Jan Mulder. Frans van Tilburg is a pupil of Feike Asma and Jaap Zwart is the grandson of Jan Zwart. Hendrik Jan van der Heiden thus belongs to a typical Dutch organ school.
Johannes Pache (1857-1897), a German composer and organist, pupil of Theodor Berthold and Hermann Scholtz. Pache was born in Bischofswerda, Upper Lusatia, as son of a teacher. It was his father wish that Johannes should become a theologian as his two elder brothers did. Pache attended the school in Zittau, where his love to music awoke. He played piano, sang in a chorus and accomplished the first compositions. However, he neglected his school duties and stayed down. The father tried to convince him to become a teacher, all in vain. Pache resumed school in Bautzen, where he gave some music lectures and composed his first known pieces. Finally he convinced the father to let him study music in Dresden.
In 1879 Pache got in Herisau his first appointment as organist and music director. Two years later he returned to Dresden, where he earned his money with casual engagements. In 1884 he moved to Leipzig, where he became known as concert pianist and composer. In Naumburg he was appointed music director and founded a widely known chorus. In these years Pache achieved material prosperity, especially after music publishers in Leipzig engaged him as advisor.
Pache moved to Limbach, where he was appointed cantor in 1889. During the few remaining years Pache gained high reputation. He founded a chorus, composed, and he is still today considered the originator of the widely known church music tradition there. In 1902, grateful citizens erected a monument in the town park.
Pache his best known for his chorus compositions, especially for men. Many of his works were sung nationwide at his time. Among them is Die Germanenschlacht (op. 106), which Pache dedicated to Hermann Kretzschmar and his chorus in Leipzig. Moreover, Pache's choruses were highly estimated as memories by the German immigrants in the United States.
Some instrumental pieces for violine and piano reached wide acknowledgment too. Still in 1936, Gamble Hinged Music Chicago published Pache in Graded masterworks for strings together with Edvard Grieg and Charles Gounod. Moreover, Pache treated selected master pieces. His opera Tobias Schwalbe was based on Der Nachtwächter by Theodor Körner.
Johannes Pache (1857-1897) Schüler von Theodor Berthold und Hermann Scholtzin Dresden, wirkte als Dirigent in der Schweiz, in Dresden, Naumburg, Leipzig und lebt jetzt als Organist in Limbach. Als Komponist widmete er sich besonders der Vokalmusik, vorzugsweise dem Männergesang, doch hat er auch Sologesänge, Duette und nach instrumentaler Richtung hin Duette für zwei Violinen, Streichquartette und eine Suite für Klavier und Violine veröffentlicht.
Herrmann Scholtz (Lehrer für Pache) war ein Pianist. Scholtz erhielt seine musikalische Ausbildung zunächst in Breslau und Leipzig. Auf Rat von Franz Liszt studierte er von 1867 bis 1869 in München u. a. bei Hans von Bülow. 1875 kam Scholtz nach Dresden, wo er Klavierunterricht erteilte. Zu seinen Schülern gehörten Hans Fährmann, Leo Kestenberg, Clara Mannes und Johannes Pache. Er wurde insbesondere für die Herausgabe der Pianoforte-Werke von Frédéric Chopin bekannt (1879). Scholtz komponierte aber auch, darunter ein Klavierkonzert und Lieder. 1880 wurde ihm der Titel Königlich sächsischer Kammervirtuose verliehen und 1910 der Professorentitel.
Theodor Berthold (Lehrer für Pache) war ein Dresdner Hoforganist. Berthold erhielt seinen Musikunterricht in Dresden bei Ernst Julius Otto und Johann Schneider. 1837 trat er als Musiklehrer in die Dienste des Generals von Cerrini und 1840 ging er mit dem Adelsmarschall des Gouvernements Poltawa nach Russland. Berthold erteilte ab 1843 am adligen Fräulein-Stift in Charkov Musikunterricht. Am 2. Januar 1846 heiratete er Marie Dohrandt. 1849 wurde er an das Fräulein-Stift nach St. Petersburg versetzt. Ab 1854 wirkte er dort als Musikdirektor und Organist an der Annenkirche. Berthold erteilte zudem Musikunterricht, schrieb Musikkritiken und wurde 1858 zum Professor für Kompositionslehre an der kaiserlichen Hofsängerkapelle ernannt.
Ab 1864 wirkte Berthold als Hoforganist an der evangelischen Hofkirche in Dresden.
Sophienkirche-Busmannkapelle ~ Die offizielle Dokumentation als Film
Dieser Film zeigt Ihnen Szenen aus dem 2. Bauabschnitt der Gedenkstätte Sophienkirche-Busmannkapelle
Ep. 56 Wolfgang is at the Berlin Film Festival - Comedy about sin
Wolfgang works out of his container for confession. Today he's on location with his partner Father Julius. Wolfgang is a priest who has some character flaws. Still he feels really at home on the red carpet. Now watch the comedy, the funny episode 56 with subtitles in Spanish or English.
Priests, Fathers, pope: Wolfgang is the best and at the same time most ridiculous sinner of all.
Wolfgang fühlt sich auf dem roten Teppich pudelwohl. Wie lange noch muss er warten, bis er seine Pfarrei zurück bekommtn. Wolfgang und Pater Julius sind als spirituelle Klempner unterwegs auf dem roten Teppich. Für Wolfgang ist
die Idee des Containers für die Beichte kein Witz, keine Comedy, kein Spaß. Nein, gerade auf dem Filmfest brauchen wir
den Beicht-Container. Gleich neben dem Container des Beauty-Sponsors muss Wolfgangs Beichtstuhl stehen. Dort können
auch die Produzenten, die Fördergelder für armselige Filme vergeuden ebenso beichten, wie der von Neid zerfressene
Zuschauer, der auch gerne mal auf der Yacht vor Cannes ausspannen möchte. Korrupte Politiker und alle Steuer-Selbstanzeiger werden bevorzugt behandelt, wenn
sie zusagen, den Container zu unterstützen.
Background: Der Hamburger Schauspieler Hannes Hellmann ist „Wolfgang -- Der Mann für die Sünde.
In einer neuen innovativen Serie spielt er einen Beichtvater, der seine Gemeinde verloren
hat und nun per online den Kontakt zu seinen Sündern suchen muss. Heute dabei: Rainer Strecker. Mit ihm tritt der Ernstfall in der deutschen Comedy ein. produziert von
The Art and Literature of the Great War
David Gariff, senior lecturer, National Gallery of Art.
The First World War, known as the Great War, was also the first modern war, claiming millions of lives, in part, by newly invented weapons such as the machine gun, tank, aircraft, and poison gas. The arts of the period present a portrait of the terrible price paid by humanity—the carnage and suffering caused by the war were documented in paintings, sculptures, novels, memoirs, and poems produced both during, and immediately after, the struggle. In this presentation on March 27, 2019, senior lecturer David Gariff explores the responses of artists and writers to the trauma of the First World War, which transcended national boundaries. Paintings, sculptures, and prints by Otto Dix, Wilhelm Lehmbruck, Käthe Kollwitz, Fernand Léger, John Singer Sargent, and Natalija Goncharova; poems by Siegfried Sassoon, Wilfred Owen, and Anna Akhmatova; and memoirs and novels by Ernest Hemingway, Erich Maria Remarque, and Robert Graves are discussed against the backdrop of “the war to end all wars.”
Pretelescopic astronomy | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:00:48 1 Early history
00:02:24 2 Prehistoric Europe
00:08:22 3 Ancient times
00:08:31 3.1 Mesopotamia
00:12:51 3.2 India
00:16:24 3.3 Greece and Hellenistic world
00:20:08 3.4 Egypt
00:23:18 3.5 China
00:25:00 3.6 Mesoamerica
00:26:20 4 Medieval Middle East
00:29:33 5 Medieval Western Europe
00:33:39 6 Copernican Revolution
00:40:14 7 Completing the solar system
00:41:44 8 Modern astronomy
00:44:13 9 Cosmology and the expansion of the universe
00:45:19 10 New windows into the Cosmos open
00:46:20 11 See also
00:46:29 12 Notes
00:46:37 13 Historians of astronomy
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Speaking Rate: 0.9177197250170126
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Astronomy is the oldest of the natural sciences, dating back to antiquity, with its origins in the religious, mythological, cosmological, calendrical, and astrological beliefs and practices of prehistory: vestiges of these are still found in astrology, a discipline long interwoven with public and governmental astronomy. It was not completely separated in Europe (see astrology and astronomy) during the Copernican Revolution starting in 1543. In some cultures, astronomical data was used for astrological prognostication.
Ancient astronomers were able to differentiate between stars and planets, as stars remain relatively fixed over the centuries while planets will move an appreciable amount during a comparatively short time.
THE HOLOCAUST - WikiVidi Documentary
The Holocaust, also referred to as the Shoah, was a genocide during World War II in which Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany, aided by its collaborators, systematically murdered some six million European Jews, around two-thirds of the Jewish community in Europe. From 1941 to 1945, Germany targeted European Jewry for extermination as part of a larger event that included the persecution and murder of other groups. A broader definition of the Holocaust includes the murder of the Roma and the incurably sick. A broader definition still includes ethnic Poles, other Slavic groups, Soviet citizens and prisoners of war, homosexuals, Jehovah's Witnesses, black people, and political opponents. Under the coordination of the SS, with directions from the highest leadership of the Nazi Party, killings were committed throughout German-occupied Europe, as well as within Germany itself, and across all territories controlled by the Axis powers. Germany implemented the persecution in stages. Following Hitler...
____________________________________
Shortcuts to chapters:
00:02:47: Terminology
00:05:24: Genocidal state
00:07:40: Ideology and scale
00:10:10: Medical experiments
00:12:17: Antisemitism and racism
00:13:40: Germany after World War I
00:15:39: Hitler's world view
00:16:22: Dictatorship and repression (1933–1939)
00:19:53: Sterlization Law, Aktion T4
00:23:22: Nuremberg Laws, Jewish emigration
00:25:49: Kristallnacht
00:28:18: Territorial solution and resettlement
00:29:49: German-occupied Poland
00:31:34: Lublin Reservation
00:32:53: Other occupied countries
00:36:23: Germany's allies
00:40:47: Concentration and labor camps
00:43:50: Ghettos
00:48:53: Pogroms
00:49:45: Death squads
00:53:01: Gas vans
00:54:12: Wannsee Conference
00:58:03: Extermination camps, gas chambers
01:02:55: Jewish resistance
01:06:07: Flow of information about the mass murder
01:10:42: Climax, holocaust in Hungary
01:13:12: Death marches
01:14:51: Liberation
01:16:27: Victims and death toll
01:17:07: Jews
01:20:15: Roma
01:23:37: Slavs
01:24:36: Ethnic Poles
01:26:40: Soviet citizens and POWs
01:28:25: Political opponents
01:29:06: Gay men
01:30:43: Persons of color
01:31:13: Jehovah's Witnesses
01:32:10: Motivation of perpetrators
01:34:26: German public
01:36:10: Trials
01:37:47: Reparations
____________________________________
Copyright WikiVidi.
Licensed under Creative Commons.
Wikipedia link:
Bernardine Dohrn
Bernardine Rae Dohrn (née Ohrnstein; born January 12, 1942) is a Clinical Associate Professor of Law at Northwestern University School of Law and the immediate past Director of Northwestern's Children and Family Justice Center. Dohrn was a leader of the Weather Underground, a group that was responsible for the bombing of the United States Capitol, the Pentagon, and several police stations in New York, as well as a Greenwich Village townhouse explosion that killed a member of the Underground. As a member of the Weather Underground, Dohrn helped to create a Declaration of a State of War against the United States government, and was placed on the FBI's 10 Most Wanted list, where she remained for three years. She is married to Bill Ayers, a co-founder of the Weather Underground, who was formerly a tenured professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago.
This video is targeted to blind users.
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Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
Holocaust | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:04:13 1 Terminology and scope
00:04:24 1.1 Terminology
00:07:02 1.2 Definition
00:12:32 2 Distinctive features
00:12:43 2.1 Genocidal state
00:17:26 2.2 Medical experiments
00:20:11 3 Origins
00:20:21 3.1 Antisemitism and the völkisch movement
00:22:04 3.2 Germany after World War I, Hitler's world view
00:25:28 4 Rise of Nazi Germany
00:25:39 4.1 Dictatorship and repression (1933–1939)
00:30:13 4.2 Sterilization Law, iAktion T4/i
00:34:33 4.3 Nuremberg Laws, Jewish emigration
00:38:06 4.4 iKristallnacht/i
00:41:16 4.5 Territorial solution and resettlement
00:43:07 5 World War II
00:43:18 5.1 Occupied countries
00:43:28 5.1.1 Poland
00:45:23 5.1.2 Other occupied countries
00:50:26 5.2 Germany's allies
00:55:12 5.3 Concentration and labor camps
00:58:44 5.4 Ghettos
01:04:46 5.5 Pogroms
01:07:39 5.6 Death squads
01:11:29 5.7 Gas vans
01:12:54 6 Final Solution
01:13:04 6.1 Wannsee Conference
01:19:23 6.2 Extermination camps, gas chambers
01:25:03 6.3 Jewish resistance
01:29:43 6.4 Flow of information about the mass murder
01:36:26 6.5 Climax, Holocaust in Hungary
01:39:27 6.6 Death marches
01:41:17 6.7 Liberation
01:44:14 6.8 Death toll
01:47:53 7 Other victims of Nazi persecution
01:48:05 7.1 Roma
01:51:48 7.2 Ethnic Poles
01:54:38 7.3 Soviet citizens and POWs
01:56:39 7.4 Political and religious opponents
01:58:33 7.5 Gay men
02:00:44 7.6 Black people
02:01:28 8 Aftermath
02:01:38 8.1 Trials
02:05:01 8.2 Reparations
02:07:23 8.3 Motivation
02:12:14 8.4 Uniqueness question
02:17:03 9 See also
02:17:13 10 Sources
02:17:23 10.1 Notes
02:17:32 10.2 Citations
02:17:41 10.3 Works cited
02:17:51 11 External links
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
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- learn while on the move
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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Speaking Rate: 0.7129058729237174
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-F
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was a genocide during World War II in which Nazi Germany, aided by local collaborators, systematically murdered some six million European Jews—around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe—between 1941 and 1945. Jews were targeted for extermination as part of a larger event during the Holocaust era, in which Germany and its collaborators persecuted and murdered other groups, including Slavs (chiefly ethnic Poles, Soviet prisoners of war, and Soviet citizens), the Roma, the incurably sick, political and religious dissenters such as communists and Jehovah's Witnesses, and gay men. Taking into account all the victims of Nazi persecution, the death toll rises to 17 million.Germany implemented the persecution of the Jews in stages. Following Adolf Hitler's appointment as German Chancellor in January 1933, the regime built a network of concentration camps in Germany for political opponents and those deemed undesirable, starting with Dachau on 22 March 1933. After the passing of the Enabling Act on 24 March, which gave Hitler plenary powers, the government began isolating Jews from civil society, which included a boycott of Jewish businesses in April 1933 and enacting the Nuremberg Laws in September 1935. On 9–10 November 1938, during Kristallnacht (the Night of Broken Glass), Jewish businesses and other buildings were ransacked, smashed or set on fire throughout Germany and Austria, which Germany had annexed in March that year. After Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, triggering World War II, the regime set up ghettos to segregate Jews. Eventually thousands of camps and other detention sites were established across German-occupied Europe.
The deportation of Jews to the ghettos culminated in the policy of extermination the Nazis called the Final Solution to the Jewish Question, discussed by senior Nazi officials at the Wannsee Conference in Berlin in January 1942. As German forces captured territories in the East, all anti-Jewish measures were radicalized. Under the coordination of the SS, with directions fr ...
Beer Hall Putsch | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Beer Hall Putsch
00:01:32 1 Background
00:04:34 2 The Putsch
00:12:28 2.1 Counterattack
00:14:41 3 Trial and prison
00:18:56 4 Fatalities
00:19:05 4.1 Bavarian police
00:19:21 4.2 National Socialists
00:22:09 5 Martyrdom
00:26:20 6 Supporters of the Putsch
00:26:29 6.1 Key supporters
00:26:38 6.2 Other notable supporters
00:26:47 6.3 At the front of the march
00:27:52 6.4 Chief defendants in the Ludendorff–Hitler trial
00:28:03 7 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Beer Hall Putsch of 1923, also known as the Munich Putsch, and, in German, as the Hitlerputsch, Hitler-Ludendorff-Putsch, Bürgerbräu-Putsch or Marsch auf die Feldherrnhalle (March on the Feldherrnhalle), was a failed coup d'état by the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) leader Adolf Hitler—along with Generalquartiermeister Erich Ludendorff and other Kampfbund leaders—to seize power in Munich, Bavaria, on 8–9 November 1923. Approximately two thousand Nazis were marching to the Feldherrnhalle, in the city center, when they were confronted by a police cordon, which resulted in the death of 16 Nazis and four police officers. Hitler, who was wounded during the clash, escaped immediate arrest and was spirited off to safety in the countryside. After two days, he was arrested and charged with treason.The putsch brought Hitler to the attention of the German nation and generated front page headlines in newspapers around the world. His arrest was followed by a 24-day trial, which was widely publicized and gave him a platform to publicize his nationalist sentiment to the nation. Hitler was found guilty of treason and sentenced to five years in Landsberg Prison, where he dictated Mein Kampf to his fellow prisoners Emil Maurice and Rudolf Hess. On 20 December 1924, having served only nine months, Hitler was released. Hitler now saw that the path to power was through legal means rather than revolution or force, and accordingly changed his tactics, further developing Nazi propaganda.
The Holocaust | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:07 1 Terminology and scope
00:03:18 1.1 Terminology
00:05:30 1.2 Definition
00:07:30 2 Distinctive features
00:07:40 2.1 Genocidal state
00:11:46 2.2 Medical experiments
00:14:20 3 Origins
00:14:30 3.1 Antisemitism and the völkisch movement
00:16:08 3.2 Germany after World War I, Hitler's world view
00:19:21 4 Rise of Nazi Germany
00:19:32 4.1 Dictatorship and repression (1933–1939)
00:23:47 4.2 Sterilization Law, iAktion T4/i
00:27:55 4.3 Nuremberg Laws, Jewish emigration
00:31:12 4.4 iKristallnacht/i
00:34:09 4.5 Territorial solution and resettlement
00:35:57 5 World War II
00:36:07 5.1 German-occupied Poland
00:38:14 5.2 Other occupied countries
00:42:16 5.3 Germany's allies
00:47:22 5.4 Concentration and labor camps
00:51:03 5.5 Ghettos
00:56:53 5.6 Pogroms
00:57:50 5.7 Death squads
01:01:40 5.8 Gas vans
01:03:02 6 Final Solution
01:03:12 6.1 Wannsee Conference
01:08:43 6.2 Extermination camps, gas chambers
01:14:07 6.3 Jewish resistance
01:17:46 6.4 Flow of information about the mass murder
01:23:34 6.5 Climax, Holocaust in Hungary
01:26:28 6.6 Death marches
01:28:14 6.7 Liberation
01:31:02 7 Victims and death toll
01:31:12 7.1 Overview
01:32:31 7.2 Jews
01:36:03 7.3 Roma
01:39:58 7.4 Slavs
01:41:13 7.4.1 Ethnic Poles
01:43:56 7.4.2 Soviet citizens and POWs
01:46:00 7.5 Political opponents
01:46:54 7.6 Gay men
01:48:58 7.7 Jehovah's Witnesses
01:50:05 7.8 Persons of color
01:50:48 8 Motivation
01:50:57 8.1 Motivation of perpetrators
01:53:35 8.2 German public
01:55:44 9 Aftermath
01:55:54 9.1 Trials
01:59:05 9.2 Reparations
02:01:21 9.3 Uniqueness question
02:03:57 10 See also
02:04:07 11 Sources
02:04:16 11.1 Notes
02:04:25 11.2 Citations
02:04:34 11.3 Works cited
02:04:43 12 Further reading
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
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Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.7165362998594326
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Holocaust, also referred to as the Shoah, was a genocide during World War II in which Nazi Germany, aided by its collaborators, systematically murdered some six million European Jews, around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe, between 1941 and 1945. Jews were targeted for extermination as part of a larger event involving the persecution and murder of other groups, including in particular the Roma and incurably sick, as well as ethnic Poles and other Slavs, Soviet citizens, Soviet prisoners of war, political opponents, gay men and Jehovah's Witnesses, resulting in up to 17 million deaths overall.Germany implemented the persecution in stages. Following Adolf Hitler's rise to power in 1933, the government passed laws to exclude Jews from civil society, most prominently the Nuremberg Laws in 1935. Starting in 1933, the Nazis built a network of concentration camps in Germany for political opponents and people deemed undesirable. After the invasion of Poland in 1939, the regime set up ghettos to segregate Jews. Over 42,000 camps, ghettos, and other detention sites were established.The deportation of Jews to the ghettos culminated in the policy of extermination the Nazis called the Final Solution to the Jewish Question, discussed by senior Nazi officials at the Wannsee Conference in Berlin in January 1942. As German forces captured territories in the East, all anti-Jewish measures were radicalized. Under the coordination of the SS, with directions from the highest leadership of the Nazi Party, killings were committed within Germany itself, throughout German-occupied Europe, and across all territories controlled by the Axis powers. Paramilitary death squads called Einsatzgruppen in cooperation with Wehrmacht police battalions and local collaborators murdered around 1.3 million Jews in mass shootings between 1941 and 1945. By mid-1942, victims were being deported from the ghettos in sealed freight trains to extermination camps where, if they survived the journ ...
History of astronomy | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:00:45 1 Early history
00:02:15 2 Prehistoric Europe
00:07:40 3 Ancient times
00:07:49 3.1 Mesopotamia
00:11:50 3.2 India
00:15:07 3.3 Greece and Hellenistic world
00:18:32 3.4 Egypt
00:21:26 3.5 China
00:23:00 3.6 Mesoamerica
00:24:13 4 Medieval Middle East
00:27:13 5 Medieval Western Europe
00:30:59 6 Copernican Revolution
00:36:58 7 Completing the solar system
00:38:20 8 Modern astronomy
00:40:35 9 Cosmology and the expansion of the universe
00:41:37 10 New windows into the Cosmos open
00:42:34 11 See also
00:42:43 12 Notes
00:42:52 13 Historians of astronomy
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
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There is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Astronomy is the oldest of the natural sciences, dating back to antiquity, with its origins in the religious, mythological, cosmological, calendrical, and astrological beliefs and practices of prehistory: vestiges of these are still found in astrology, a discipline long interwoven with public and governmental astronomy. It was not completely separated in Europe (see astrology and astronomy) during the Copernican Revolution starting in 1543. In some cultures, astronomical data was used for astrological prognostication.
Ancient astronomers were able to differentiate between stars and planets, as stars remain relatively fixed over the centuries while planets will move an appreciable amount during a comparatively short time.
Holocaust | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Holocaust
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Holocaust, also referred to as the Shoah, was a genocide during World War II in which Nazi Germany, aided by its collaborators, systematically murdered some six million European Jews, around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe, between 1941 and 1945. Jews were targeted for extermination as part of a larger event involving the persecution and murder of other groups, including in particular the Roma and incurably sick, as well as ethnic Poles and other Slavs, Soviet citizens, Soviet prisoners of war, political opponents, gay men and Jehovah's Witnesses, resulting in up to 17 million deaths overall.Germany implemented the persecution in stages. Following Adolf Hitler's rise to power in 1933, the government passed laws to exclude Jews from civil society, most prominently the Nuremberg Laws in 1935. Starting in 1933, the Nazis built a network of concentration camps in Germany for political opponents and people deemed undesirable. After the invasion of Poland in 1939, the regime set up ghettos to segregate Jews. Over 42,000 camps, ghettos, and other detention sites were established.The deportation of Jews to the ghettos culminated in the policy of extermination the Nazis called the Final Solution to the Jewish Question, discussed by senior Nazi officials at the Wannsee Conference in Berlin in January 1942. As German forces captured territories in the East, all anti-Jewish measures were radicalized. Under the coordination of the SS, with directions from the highest leadership of the Nazi Party, killings were committed within Germany itself, throughout German-occupied Europe, and across all territories controlled by the Axis powers. Paramilitary death squads called Einsatzgruppen in cooperation with Wehrmacht police battalions and local collaborators murdered around 1.3 million Jews in mass shootings between 1941 and 1945. By mid-1942, victims were being deported from the ghettos in sealed freight trains to extermination camps where, if they survived the journey, they were killed in gas chambers. The killing continued until the end of World War II in Europe in May 1945.
Holocaust | Wikipedia audio article
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Holocaust
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This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
The Holocaust, also referred to as the Shoah, was a genocide during World War II in which Nazi Germany, aided by its collaborators, systematically murdered some six million European Jews, around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe, between 1941 and 1945. Jews were targeted for extermination as part of a larger event involving the persecution and murder of other groups, including in particular the Roma and incurably sick, as well as ethnic Poles and other Slavs, Soviet citizens, Soviet prisoners of war, political opponents, gay men and Jehovah's Witnesses, resulting in up to 17 million deaths overall.Germany implemented the persecution in stages. Following Adolf Hitler's rise to power in 1933, the government passed laws to exclude Jews from civil society, most prominently the Nuremberg Laws in 1935. Starting in 1933, the Nazis built a network of concentration camps in Germany for political opponents and people deemed undesirable. After the invasion of Poland in 1939, the regime set up ghettos to segregate Jews. Over 42,000 camps, ghettos, and other detention sites were established.The deportation of Jews to the ghettos culminated in the policy of extermination the Nazis called the Final Solution to the Jewish Question, discussed by senior Nazi officials at the Wannsee Conference in Berlin in January 1942. As German forces captured territories in the East, all anti-Jewish measures were radicalized. Under the coordination of the SS, with directions from the highest leadership of the Nazi Party, killings were committed within Germany itself, throughout German-occupied Europe, and across all territories controlled by the Axis powers. Paramilitary death squads called Einsatzgruppen in cooperation with Wehrmacht police battalions and local collaborators murdered around 1.3 million Jews in mass shootings between 1941 and 1945. By mid-1942, victims were being deported from the ghettos in sealed freight trains to extermination camps where, if they survived the journey, they were killed in gas chambers. The killing continued until the end of World War II in Europe in May 1945.
Würzburg | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Würzburg
00:00:40 1 History
00:00:48 1.1 Early and medieval history
00:03:32 1.2 Modern history
00:06:19 2 Geography
00:07:27 2.1 City structure
00:07:48 3 Demographics
00:08:06 4 Economy
00:09:08 4.1 Military
00:09:36 5 Arts and culture
00:10:28 5.1 Main sights
00:16:18 5.2 Museums and galleries
00:19:05 6 Sports
00:19:49 7 Governance
00:20:09 7.1 Mayor
00:20:24 7.2 Town twinning
00:20:44 8 Education and research
00:20:59 8.1 University
00:22:14 8.2 University of Applied Science
00:23:00 8.3 Conservatory
00:23:37 8.4 Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research
00:24:07 9 Media
00:24:45 10 Transport
00:24:54 10.1 Roads
00:25:27 10.2 Rail
00:26:00 10.3 Trams/Trains
00:26:26 10.4 Buses
00:26:44 10.5 Port
00:27:04 10.6 Bicycle
00:27:21 11 Infrastructure
00:27:30 11.1 Utilities
00:27:59 11.2 Health care
00:28:23 12 Notable people
00:31:11 13 See also
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Würzburg (; German: [ˈvʏɐ̯tsbʊɐ̯k] (listen); Main-Franconian: Wörtzburch) is a city in the region of Franconia, northern Bavaria, Germany. Located on the Main River, it is the capital of the Regierungsbezirk of Lower Franconia. The regional dialect is East Franconian.
Würzburg lies about equidistant from Frankfurt am Main and Nuremberg (each about 120 kilometers or 75 miles away). Although the city of Würzburg is not part of the Landkreis Würzburg, (i.e., district of Würzburg), it is the seat of the district's administration. The city has a population of around 130,000 people.
Rosa Luxemburg | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Rosa Luxemburg
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
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- learn while on the move
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Rosa Luxemburg (German: [ˈʁoːza ˈlʊksəmbʊʁk] (listen); Polish: Róża Luksemburg; also Rozalia Luxenburg; 5 March 1871 – 15 January 1919) was a Polish Marxist theorist, philosopher, economist, anti-war activist, and revolutionary socialist who became a naturalized German citizen at the age of 28. She was, successively, a member of the Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (SDKPiL), the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), the Independent Social Democratic Party (USPD), and the Communist Party of Germany (KPD).
In 1915, after the SPD supported German involvement in World War I, she and Karl Liebknecht co-founded the anti-war Spartacus League (Spartakusbund), which eventually became the KPD. During the November Revolution she co-founded the newspaper Die Rote Fahne (The Red Flag), the central organ of the Spartacist movement.
She considered the Spartacist uprising of January 1919 a blunder, but supported it as events unfolded. Friedrich Ebert's majority Social Democratic government crushed the revolt and the Spartakusbund by sending in the Freikorps (government-sponsored paramilitary groups consisting mostly of World War I veterans). Freikorps troops captured and summarily executed Luxemburg and Liebknecht during the rebellion. Luxemburg's body was thrown in the Landwehr Canal in Berlin.
Due to her pointed criticism of both the Leninist and the more moderate social democratic schools of socialism, Luxemburg has had a somewhat ambivalent reception among scholars and theorists of the political left. Nonetheless, Luxemburg and Liebknecht were extensively idolized as communist martyrs by the East German communist regime. The German Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution notes that idolization of Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht is an important tradition of German far-left extremism.
The Holocaust | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:26 1 Terminology and scope
00:03:36 1.1 Terminology
00:05:46 1.2 Definition
00:10:18 2 Distinctive features
00:10:28 2.1 Genocidal state
00:14:18 2.2 Medical experiments
00:16:31 3 Origins
00:16:40 3.1 Antisemitism and the völkisch movement
00:18:06 3.2 Germany after World War I, Hitler's world view
00:20:53 4 Rise of Nazi Germany
00:21:03 4.1 Dictatorship and repression (1933–1939)
00:24:46 4.2 Sterilization Law, iAktion T4/i
00:28:20 4.3 Nuremberg Laws, Jewish emigration
00:31:16 4.4 iKristallnacht/i
00:33:50 4.5 Territorial solution and resettlement
00:35:22 5 World War II
00:35:32 5.1 Occupied countries
00:35:41 5.1.1 Poland
00:37:15 5.1.2 Other occupied countries
00:41:24 5.2 Germany's allies
00:45:18 5.3 Concentration and labor camps
00:48:13 5.4 Ghettos
00:53:13 5.5 Pogroms
00:55:34 5.6 Death squads
00:58:42 5.7 Gas vans
00:59:54 6 Final Solution
01:00:03 6.1 Wannsee Conference
01:05:13 6.2 Extermination camps, gas chambers
01:09:50 6.3 Jewish resistance
01:13:41 6.4 Flow of information about the mass murder
01:19:11 6.5 Climax, Holocaust in Hungary
01:21:40 6.6 Death marches
01:23:12 6.7 Liberation
01:25:39 6.8 Death toll
01:28:39 7 Other victims of Nazi persecution
01:28:50 7.1 Roma
01:31:52 7.2 Ethnic Poles
01:34:08 7.3 Soviet citizens and POWs
01:35:49 7.4 Political and religious opponents
01:37:24 7.5 Gay men
01:39:13 7.6 Black people
01:39:51 8 Aftermath
01:40:00 8.1 Trials
01:42:43 8.2 Reparations
01:44:39 8.3 Motivation
01:48:39 8.4 Uniqueness question
01:52:35 9 See also
01:52:44 10 Sources
01:52:54 10.1 Notes
01:53:02 10.2 Citations
01:53:11 10.3 Works cited
01:53:20 11 External links
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
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Speaking Rate: 0.8937718141407235
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was a genocide during World War II in which Nazi Germany, aided by local collaborators, systematically murdered some six million European Jews—around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe—between 1941 and 1945. Jews were targeted for extermination as part of a larger event during the Holocaust era, in which Germany and its collaborators persecuted and murdered other groups, including Slavs (chiefly ethnic Poles and Ukrainians, Soviet prisoners of war, and Soviet citizens), the Roma, the incurably sick, political and religious dissenters such as communists and Jehovah's Witnesses, and gay men. Taking into account all the victims of Nazi persecution, the death toll rises to over 17 million.Germany implemented the persecution of the Jews in stages. Following Adolf Hitler's appointment as German Chancellor in January 1933, the regime built a network of concentration camps in Germany for political opponents and those deemed undesirable, starting with Dachau on 22 March 1933. After the passing of the Enabling Act on 24 March, which gave Hitler plenary powers, the government began isolating Jews from civil society, which included a boycott of Jewish businesses in April 1933 and enacting the Nuremberg Laws in September 1935. On 9–10 November 1938, during Kristallnacht (the Night of Broken Glass), Jewish businesses and other buildings were ransacked, smashed or set on fire throughout Germany and Austria, which Germany had annexed in March that year. After Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, triggering World War II, the regime set up ghettos to segregate Jews. Eventually thousands of camps and other detention sites were established across German-occupied Europe.
The deportation of Jews to the ghettos culminated in the policy of extermination the Nazis called the Final Solution to the Jewish Question, discussed by senior Nazi officials at the Wannsee Conference in Berlin in January 1942. As German forces captured territories in the East, all anti-Jewish measures were radicalized. Under the coordination of the SS ...
Modern astronomy | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:00:55 1 Early history
00:02:43 2 Prehistoric Europe
00:09:27 3 Ancient times
00:09:37 3.1 Mesopotamia
00:14:31 3.2 India
00:18:30 3.3 Greece and Hellenistic world
00:22:39 3.4 Egypt
00:26:14 3.5 China
00:28:09 3.6 Mesoamerica
00:29:38 4 Medieval Middle East
00:33:16 5 Medieval Western Europe
00:37:51 6 Copernican Revolution
00:45:17 7 Completing the solar system
00:46:58 8 Modern astronomy
00:49:45 9 Cosmology and the expansion of the universe
00:50:59 10 New windows into the Cosmos open
00:52:07 11 See also
00:52:17 12 Notes
00:52:26 13 Historians of astronomy
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8548656790496051
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Astronomy is the oldest of the natural sciences, dating back to antiquity, with its origins in the religious, mythological, cosmological, calendrical, and astrological beliefs and practices of prehistory: vestiges of these are still found in astrology, a discipline long interwoven with public and governmental astronomy. It was not completely separated in Europe (see astrology and astronomy) during the Copernican Revolution starting in 1543. In some cultures, astronomical data was used for astrological prognostication.
Ancient astronomers were able to differentiate between stars and planets, as stars remain relatively fixed over the centuries while planets will move an appreciable amount during a comparatively short time.
The Holocaust | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
The Holocaust
00:02:16 1 Terminology and scope
00:02:25 1.1 Terminology
00:04:04 1.2 Definition
00:05:33 2 Distinctive features
00:05:43 2.1 Genocidal state
00:08:42 2.2 Medical experiments
00:10:36 3 Origins
00:10:45 3.1 Antisemitism and the völkisch movement
00:11:58 3.2 Germany after World War I, Hitler's world view
00:14:20 4 Rise of Nazi Germany
00:14:30 4.1 Dictatorship and repression (1933–1939)
00:17:37 4.2 Sterilization Law, iAktion T4/i
00:20:38 4.3 Nuremberg Laws, Jewish emigration
00:23:02 4.4 iKristallnacht/i
00:25:12 4.5 Territorial solution and resettlement
00:26:32 5 World War II
00:26:41 5.1 German-occupied Poland
00:28:15 5.2 Other occupied countries
00:31:10 5.3 Germany's allies
00:34:51 5.4 Concentration and labor camps
00:37:33 5.5 Ghettos
00:41:48 5.6 Pogroms
00:42:31 5.7 Death squads
00:45:19 5.8 Gas vans
00:46:20 6 Final Solution
00:46:29 6.1 Wannsee Conference
00:50:33 6.2 Extermination camps, gas chambers
00:54:28 6.3 Jewish resistance
00:57:08 6.4 Flow of information about the mass murder
01:01:21 6.5 Climax, Holocaust in Hungary
01:03:29 6.6 Death marches
01:04:47 6.7 Liberation
01:06:50 7 Victims and death toll
01:07:00 7.1 Overview
01:07:59 7.2 Jews
01:10:34 7.3 Roma
01:13:26 7.4 Slavs
01:14:21 7.4.1 Ethnic Poles
01:16:21 7.4.2 Soviet citizens and POWs
01:17:53 7.5 Political opponents
01:18:34 7.6 Gay men
01:20:05 7.7 Jehovah's Witnesses
01:20:56 7.8 Persons of color
01:21:29 8 Motivation
01:21:38 8.1 Motivation of perpetrators
01:23:34 8.2 German public
01:25:10 9 Aftermath
01:25:19 9.1 Trials
01:27:39 9.2 Reparations
01:29:20 9.3 Uniqueness question
01:31:15 10 See also
01:31:24 11 Sources
01:31:33 11.1 Notes
01:31:41 11.2 Citations
01:31:50 11.3 Works cited
01:31:58 12 Further reading
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Holocaust, also referred to as the Shoah, was a genocide during World War II in which Nazi Germany, aided by its collaborators, systematically murdered some six million European Jews, around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe, between 1941 and 1945. Jews were targeted for extermination as part of a larger event involving the persecution and murder of other groups, including in particular the Roma and incurably sick, as well as ethnic Poles and other Slavs, Soviet citizens, Soviet prisoners of war, political opponents, gay men and Jehovah's Witnesses, resulting in up to 17 million deaths overall.Germany implemented the persecution in stages. Following Adolf Hitler's rise to power in 1933, the government passed laws to exclude Jews from civil society, most prominently the Nuremberg Laws in 1935. Starting in 1933, the Nazis built a network of concentration camps in Germany for political opponents and people deemed undesirable. After the invasion of Poland in 1939, the regime set up ghettos to segregate Jews. Over 42,000 camps, ghettos, and other detention sites were established.The deportation of Jews to the ghettos culminated in the policy of extermination the Nazis called the Final Solution to the Jewish Question, discussed by senior Nazi officials at the Wannsee Conference in Berlin in January 1942. As German forces captured territories in the East, all anti-Jewish measures were radicalized. Under the coordination of the SS, with directions from the highest leadership of the Nazi Party, killings were committed within Germany itself, throughout German-occupied Europe, and across all territories controlled by the Axis powers. Paramilitary death squads called Einsatzgruppen in cooperation with Wehrmacht police battalions and local collaborators murdered around 1.3 million Jews in mass shootings between 1941 and 1945. By mid-1942, victims were being deported from the ghettos in sealed freight trains to extermination camps where, if they survived the journey, they were killed in gas chambers. The killing continued until the end of World War II in Europe in May 1945.
Luxemburgism | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Luxemburgism
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Rosa Luxemburg (German: [ˈʁoːza ˈlʊksəmbʊʁk] (listen); Polish: Róża Luksemburg; also Rozalia Luxenburg; 5 March 1871 – 15 January 1919) was a Polish Marxist theorist, philosopher, economist, anti-war activist, and revolutionary socialist who became a naturalized German citizen at the age of 28. She was, successively, a member of the Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (SDKPiL), the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), the Independent Social Democratic Party (USPD), and the Communist Party of Germany (KPD).
In 1915, after the SPD supported German involvement in World War I, she and Karl Liebknecht co-founded the anti-war Spartacus League (Spartakusbund), which eventually became the KPD. During the November Revolution she co-founded the newspaper Die Rote Fahne (The Red Flag), the central organ of the Spartacist movement.
She considered the Spartacist uprising of January 1919 a blunder, but supported it as events unfolded. Friedrich Ebert's majority Social Democratic government crushed the revolt and the Spartakusbund by sending in the Freikorps (government-sponsored paramilitary groups consisting mostly of World War I veterans). Freikorps troops captured and summarily executed Luxemburg and Liebknecht during the rebellion. Luxemburg's body was thrown in the Landwehr Canal in Berlin.
Due to her pointed criticism of both the Leninist and the more moderate social democratic schools of socialism, Luxemburg has had a somewhat ambivalent reception among scholars and theorists of the political left. Nonetheless, Luxemburg and Liebknecht were extensively idolized as communist martyrs by the East German communist regime. The German Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution notes that idolization of Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht is an important tradition of German far-left extremism.
Luxemburgism | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:00 1 Life
00:02:08 1.1 Poland
00:05:41 1.2 Germany
00:08:44 1.2.1 Before World War I
00:12:10 1.2.2 During the war
00:14:58 1.2.3 German Revolution of 1918–1919
00:19:32 2 Thought
00:20:47 2.1 Revolutionary socialist democracy
00:23:50 2.2 Opposition to imperialist war and capitalism
00:25:06 2.3 iThe Accumulation of Capital/i
00:26:48 2.4 iDialectic of Spontaneity and Organisation/i
00:29:59 2.5 Criticism of the October Revolution
00:35:04 2.6 Epitaph on her death
00:36:59 2.7 Quotations
00:38:58 2.8 Last words: belief in revolution
00:40:15 3 Commemoration
00:44:54 3.1 Annual demonstration
00:45:45 4 In popular culture and literature
00:49:24 5 Corpse identification controversy
00:53:05 6 Ancestry
00:53:14 7 Works
00:54:07 8 Writings
00:54:19 9 Speeches
00:54:28 10 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8728425891256124
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Rosa Luxemburg (German: [ˈʁoːza ˈlʊksəmbʊʁk] (listen); Polish: Róża Luksemburg; also Rozalia Luxenburg; 5 March 1871 – 15 January 1919) was a Polish Marxist theorist, philosopher, economist, anti-war activist and revolutionary socialist who became a naturalized German citizen at the age of 28. Successively, she was a member of the Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (SDKPiL), the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), the Independent Social Democratic Party (USPD) and the Communist Party of Germany (KPD).
After the SPD supported German involvement in World War I in 1915, she and Karl Liebknecht co-founded the anti-war Spartacus League (Spartakusbund), which eventually became the KPD. During the November Revolution, she co-founded the newspaper Die Rote Fahne (The Red Flag), the central organ of the Spartacist movement.
Luxemburg considered the Spartacist uprising of January 1919 a blunder, but supported it as events unfolded. Friedrich Ebert's majority Social Democratic government crushed the revolt and the Spartakusbund by sending in the Freikorps (government-sponsored paramilitary groups consisting mostly of World War I veterans). Freikorps troops captured and summarily executed Luxemburg and Liebknecht during the rebellion. Luxemburg's body was thrown in the Landwehr Canal in Berlin.
Due to her pointed criticism of both the Leninist and the more moderate social democratic schools of socialism, Luxemburg has had a somewhat ambivalent reception among scholars and theorists of the political left. Nonetheless, Luxemburg and Liebknecht were extensively idolized as communist martyrs by the East German communist regime. The German Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution notes that idolization of Luxemburg and Liebknecht is an important tradition of German far-left extremism.