Justus von Liebig
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Justus von Liebig
Justus Liebig, seit 1845 Freiherr von Liebig (* 12.Mai 1803 in Darmstadt; † 18.April 1873 in München), war ein deutscher Chemiker und Universitätsprofessor in Gießen und München.
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Die Entdeckungen großer Forscher - Justus von Liebig
Justus von Liebig
Vater der modernen Chemie
Er hat die Schule mit 15 Jahren abgebrochen, die Apothekerlehre unfreiwillig vorzeitig beendet, ein Chemiestudium in Bonn und Erlangen begonnen. Erst der Wechsel an die Pariser Sorbonne lässt aus Liebig den größten Chemiker seiner Zeit werden.
In Paris bekommt der Autodidakt Liebig, der in der Drogerie seines Vaters stets begeistert experimentiert hat, seinen letzten wissenschaftlichen Schliff. Mit 21 Jahren wird er auf Empfehlung des Naturforschers Alexander von Humboldt Professor für Chemie in Gießen. Er entwickelt Laborgeräte wie den Fünf-Kugel-Apparat, um Kohlenstoff und Wasserstoff in organischen Verbindungen genau zu bestimmen und wird so zum Begründer der organischen Chemie.
Künstliche Düngemittel für die Landwirtschaft
Liebigs Hauptinteresse gilt der Landwirtschaft und den Hungersnöten der damaligen Zeit. Er erfindet einen Phosphatdünger, der noch heute gebräuchlich ist. An der Universität München, wohin er später wechselt, werden seine Abendvorlesungen zu einem gesellschaftlichen Ereignis - mit spannenden Experimenten und offen für Frauen. Im Gedächtnis bleiben praktische Dinge wie Liebigs Fleischextrakt, das Backpulver, die künstliche Babynahrung und der Silberspiegel.
Justus von Liebig | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:09 1 Early life and education
00:03:43 2 Research and development
00:06:03 2.1 Transforming chemistry education
00:08:56 2.2 Instrumentation
00:12:37 2.3 Organic chemistry
00:16:45 2.4 Plant nutrition
00:23:23 2.5 Plant and animal physiology
00:27:42 2.6 Liebig and the chemistry of food
00:27:52 2.6.1 Methods of cookery
00:29:12 2.6.2 Liebig's Extract of Meat Company
00:32:07 2.6.3 Marmite
00:32:35 3 Major works
00:35:06 4 Later life
00:36:41 5 Awards and honors
00:38:19 5.1 Posthumous honors
00:39:17 5.2 Liebig medals
00:41:31 6 See also
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I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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Justus Freiherr von Liebig (12 May 1803 – 18 April 1873) was a German scientist who made major contributions to agricultural and biological chemistry, and was considered the founder of organic chemistry. As a professor at the University of Giessen, he devised the modern laboratory-oriented teaching method, and for such innovations, he is regarded as one of the greatest chemistry teachers of all time. He has been described as the father of the fertilizer industry for his emphasis on nitrogen and trace minerals as essential plant nutrients, and his formulation of the law of the minimum, which described how plant growth relied on the scarcest nutrient resource, rather than the total amount of resources available. He also developed a manufacturing process for beef extracts, and with his consent a company, called Liebig Extract of Meat Company, was founded to exploit the concept; it later introduced the Oxo brand beef bouillon cube. He popularized an earlier invention for condensing vapors, which came to be known as the Liebig condenser.
Munich 2018, Germany
The year 1158 is assumed to be the foundation date of Munich, which is only the earliest date the city is mentioned in a document. By that time the Guelph Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, built a bridge over the river Isar next to a settlement of Benedictine monks.
The monks' presence dated back to the 8th century, although settlement in the Munich area can be traced back to the late neolithic.
To force traders to use his bridge (and charge them for doing so) Henry also destroyed a nearby bridge owned by bishop Otto von Freising (Freising). Subsequently, the bishop and Henry quarreled about the city before Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa at an Imperial Diet held in Augsburg in 1158. This sanctioned Henry's spoliation, and awarded an annual compensation for the bishop, and also confirmed Munich's trading and currency rights.
Almost two decades later in 1175 Munich was officially granted city status and received fortification. In 1180, with the trial of Henry the Lion, Otto I Wittelsbach became Duke of Bavaria and Munich was handed over to the bishop of Freising. Otto's heirs, the Wittelsbach dynasty would rule Bavaria until 1918. In 1240 Munich itself was transferred to Otto II Wittelsbach and in 1255, when the dukedom of Bavaria was split in two, Munich became the ducal residence of Upper Bavaria.
Munich was under the control of the Habsburg family for some years after Maximilian II Emanuel had made a pact with France in 1705 during the War of the Spanish Succession. The occupation led to bloody uprisings against the Austrian imperial troops followed by a massacre while farmers were rioting (the Sendlinger Mordweihnacht or Sendling's Night of Murder). The coronation of Max Emanuel's son elector Charles Albert as Emperor Charles VII in 1742 led to another Habsburg occupation. For a short time 1744-1745 Munich was the imperial residence again under Charles VII. The city's first academic institution, the Bavarian Academy of Sciences, was founded in 1759 by Maximilian III Joseph, who abandoned his forefather's imperial ambitions and made peace. From 1789 onwards, when the old medieval fortification was demolished, the English Garden was laid out - it is one of the world's largest urban public parks. By that time, the city was growing very quickly and was one of the largest cities in continental Europe.
In 1806, it became the capital of the new Kingdom of Bavaria, with the state's parliament (the Landtag) and the new archdiocese of Munich and Freising being located in the city. Twenty years later Landshut University was moved to Munich.
The railways reached Munich in 1839, followed by trams in 1876 and electric lighting in 1882. The Technical University of Munich was founded in 1868. The city hosted Germany's first exhibition of electricity, and in 1930 the first ever television was showcased at the city's Deutsches Museum (founded in 1903) on the banks of the Isar. Numerous inventors and scientists worked in Munich, including Alois Senefelder, Joseph von Fraunhofer, Justus von Liebig, Georg Ohm, Carl von Linde, Rudolf Diesel, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, Emil Kraepelin and Alois Alzheimer, and the young Albert Einstein attended the Luitpold Gymnasium. In 1911 the Hellabrunn Zoo opened in the city.
Munich also became a center of the arts and literature again, as Thomas Mann, Henrik Ibsen, Richard Wagner, Richard Strauss and many others prominent figures lived and worked there. Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider), a group of expressionist artists, was established in Munich in 1911.
In 1846 Munich's population was about 100,000, and by 1901 this had risen to about 500,000.
In 1923 Hitler and his supporters, who at that time were concentrated in Munich, staged the Beer Hall Putsch, an attempt to overthrow the Weimar Republic and seize power. The revolt failed, resulting in Hitler's arrest and the temporary crippling of the Nazi Party, which was virtually unknown outside Munich. At the end of the Residentzstrasse, where the putsch resulted in the death of 16 Nazis and 4 policemen, the government of Bavaria placed a plaque after the war on the ground with the names of the 4 policemen that died there.
Meisterprüfung Bäcker Teil I - Meisterkurs der Justus-von-Liebig-Schule - Januar 2012
Ein kleines Video, das unsere Prüfling in Aktion und ihre Prüfungsarbeiten zeigt.
Meisterprüfung Bäcker Teil I - Meisterkurs der Justus-von-Liebig-Schule - Juli 2012
Eindrücke aus unserer Juli Bäckermeisterprüfung
Meisterprüfung Bäcker Teil I - Meisterkurs der Justus-von-Liebig-Schule - Juli 2011
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Mein München - Bäckerei Rischart
Der Geschmack von Tradition
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Imagefilm Liebig-Museum
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Neues Land, neue Sprache, neue Schule – das sind viele Herausforderungen für junge Geflüchtete, die in Deutschland ankommen. Die Justus-von-Liebig-Schule in Mannheim hilft Schüler*innen wie Muna, Mahir und Kelvin seit über 30 Jahren dabei, sich eine erfolgreiche Zukunft aufzubauen. Seit 2018 wird die Berufsschule im Rahmen des Healing-Classrooms-Programms von IRC dabei unterstützt.
Wir bedanken und bei allen engagierten Lehrkräften und der Klaus Tschira Stiftung, ohne die es in der Rhein-Neckar-Region keine Healing Classrooms geben würde.
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Gießen Liebig-Museum Universität Impressionen Merbitz-Zahradnik
Der Film schenkt einige Impressionen aus dem beeindruckenden Liebig-Museum. Wir befinden uns in dem Chemischen Laboratorium, das die Gießener Ludwigs-Universität von 1824 bis 1888 betrieben hat. Hier forschte und lehrte Justus Freiherr von Liebig. Liebig kam 1803 in Darmstadt zur Welt und starb 1873 in München. Während des Besuchs in diesem Gebäude fühlt man sich tatsächlich in die Zeiten Liebigs zurück versetzt. Ein Museumsbesuch, der durch den modernen Audio-Guide für den Gast sehr kurzweilig begleitet wird. Man sollte auf jeden Fall zwei Stunden für diesen Ausflug ins 19. Jahrhundert und die Welt der Chemie einplanen!
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Profile of Tugce Albayrak, 23 year old who was killed defending two teenage girls
Tugce Albayrak's dreams of becoming a high-school teacher came to a brutal end one weekend night last month.
The young woman of Turkish descent stepped in to protect two teenage girls from harassment at a McDonald's in central Germany, enraging the girls' tormenters.
One of the men allegedly hit the university student in the head in the restaurant's parking lot. She crumbled to the ground.
After two weeks in a coma, her parents took her off life support on her 23rd birthday, ending a short life of promise and courage.
The attack has triggered an outpouring of emotion from a nation that been has been grappling with the integration of immigrants in recent years.
People of all backgrounds and ages across Germany have held candlelight vigils, holding heart-shaped balloons, red roses and photos of Albayrak.
Hundreds of thousands have signed an online petition demanding she be posthumously awarded a national medal of honour.
German President Joachim Gauck paid tribute to Albayrak as a role model.
Albayrak's aunt Reyhan Kes told The Associated Press that her niece would have made a perfect teacher.
She was brave and believed in success, Kes added.
A surveillance video, published online by Germany's top-selling Bild newspaper on Monday, for the first time showed details of the fatal attack on Albayrak at 4 am in the town of Offenbach.
It shows an apparently enraged man being held back by another young man as he struggles to reach Albayrak.
The poor quality of the night-time video makes it difficult to make much out.
But the man appears to break free and then hit Albayrak on the head. She falls to the ground and stops moving.
An 18-year-old Serbian teenager identified only as Sanel M. is in custody over the attack, according to police in Offenbach.
Police are investigating what led to the assault, and are still looking for witnesses.
The two girls who suffered harassment reported to police over the weekend and have both given statements.
German media have widely reported that Albayrak came to the defence of the two girls as they were being harassed inside the women's bathroom in the restaurant - a popular late-night hangout.
Pictures of the young woman with long, black hair and dark eyes have been all over television, social media and newspapers in the two weeks since the 15 November attack.
Thousands of people gathered in Offenbach over the weekend to place candles in front of the hospital where Albayrak died.
Similar vigils were held in bigger cities like Berlin and Munich.
Albayrak is expected to be buried on Wednesday if authorities are finished with her autopsy by then, police said.
The family has said a public funeral service will be held by an imam and relatives will then carry her body to the cemetery.
Albayrak was a student at Justus-Liebig University in Giessen and wanted to become a high school teacher.
She worked at a restaurant in a holiday resort near the town of Gelnhausen.
The owner, Radi Albrecht, described her as a wonderful person and very grown up and mature.
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Stephan Hartmann - Alexander von Humboldt Professorship 2013 (EN)
Stephan Hartmann is one of the world's leading academics in formal epistemology and the philosophy of science. He gained his reputation particularly for his transdisciplinary approach, for example in applying Bayesian network theory, a statistical model of probability distribution, to complex issues in various areas of philosophy.
At LMU Munich he is to hold a chair in Philosophy of Science in the Faculty of Philosophy, Philosophy of Science and the Study of Religion. In addition, he is to manage the faculty's Munich Center for Mathematical Philosophy together with Humboldt Professor Hannes Leitgeb The faculty aims to become one of the five most important institutions for logic and the philosophy of science.
Prof. Dr. Stephan Hartmann, born in 1968, is currently a professor in the Department of Philosophy and founding director of the Tilburg Center for Logic and Philosophy of Science (iLPS) at Tilburg University in the Netherlands. He completed his doctorate at Justus Liebig University Gießen in 1995. After research stays at the University of Washington and the University of Pittsburgh, he led the research group Philosophy, Probability and Modelling at the University of Konstanz from 2002 to 2005, headed the Centre for Philosophy of Natural and Social Science (CPNSS) at the London School of Economics and Political Science from 2004 to 2006, subsequently becoming a professor in the Department of Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method, also at the LSE. He has held guest professorships at the University of California, Irvine and at Lund University.
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German 10 Euro silver commemorative coins from 2003
A quick video of all German 10 Euro silver commemorative coins from 2003
Face Value: 10 Euro
Metal: .925 Silver
Weight: 18 g (The fine weight corresponds to the German Vereinsthaler from 1857)
Diameter: 32.5 mm
Thickness: 2.62 mm
100 Jahre Deutsches Museum München
Issued: 04/10/03
Mintage: 2,050,000 BU / 350,000 Proof
200. Geburtstag des Chemikers Justus von Liebig
Issued: 05/14/03
Mintage: 2,050,000 BU / 350,000 Proof
FIFA Fußball-Weltmeisterschaft Deutschland 2006 (2003)
Issued: 06/05/03
Mintage: 3,550,000 BU / 400,000 Proof
50 Jahre Volksaufstand 17. Juni 1953
Issued: 06/12/03
Mintage: 2,050,000 BU / 350,000 Proof
Industrielandschaft Ruhrgebiet
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Mintage: 2,050,000 BU / 350,000 Proof
200. Geburtstag des Baumeisters Gottfried Semper
Issued: 11/13/03
Mintage: 2,050,000 BU / 350,000 Proof