VLOG. Kamyanets-Podilsky, Ukraine. Castle. Canyon.
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If you are interested in old fortresses, old castles and you want to see how looks castle inside or fortress inside, you can see this vlog video. Video blog about ancient city in Ukraine which calls Kamianets Podolsky is very awesome town on West Ukraine, with a great historical heritage. Ukrainian nature, Ukrainian land looks very awesome here. Ancient fighting, bridges, canyons.. they are all here in this city. Ukrainian blogger shows you awesome city, and blogger girl love to show Ukraine for you)
Kamianets-Podilskyi Castle (Ukrainian: Кам'янець-Подільська фортеця; Polish: twierdza w Kamieńcu Podolskim; Russian: Каменец-Подольская крепость; Turkish: Kamaniçe Kalesi) is a former Ruthenian-Lithuanian castle and a later three-part Polish fortress located in the historic city of Kamianets-Podilskyi, Ukraine, in the historic region of Podolia in the western part of the country. Its name is attributed to the root word kamin', from the Slavic word for stone.
No epithet is able to describe fully the splendor of this ancient city, which no other city can match, even in Europe. Founded on an island, which was created by the Smotrych River bend, Kamianets-Podilskyi has a history, which has formed its diverse appearance. An incredible quantity of amazing 11th – 19th centuries' monuments and landmarks are concentrated on the territory of the Old City. They are a big reason why this city is on the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
For over a thousand years, Kamianets-Podilskyi, located at the crossing of European trade routes and influenced by different cultures, had been a frontier castle, for which the East and the West fought constantly. The first fortification buildings appeared here in times of Kyivan Rus. However, most consider the city to have been founded in 1362 by the Lithuanian Koryatowicz princes. Legend has it that while out hunting, the brothers chased a beautiful deer, which led them to an unusual island surrounded by a deep canyon. In that place, a location saved by nature from outer threats, the Lithuanian princes decided to build a fortress.
The city grew so rapidly, that it soon turned into a large trade and craft center and began to compete with Kyiv and Lviv. But Kamianets-Podilskyi experienced real prosperity in the 15th century, when it passed to Poland. At that time, three ethnic communities lived here - Poles, Armenians and Ukrainians - each of which decorated its neighborhoods with distinct architecture. During the Polish period, Kamianets-Podilskyi became known for its impenetrability. According to legend, a Turkish sultan, who had tried in vain to enter the city, asked the local citizens: Who built this fort? The God himself did! - was the answer. So let God conquer it!” - the sultan conceded.
Ironically, in 1672 the fortress surrendered to the Turks, who left a big imprint on the city during their 27 years of governance. Later, in 1699, Kamianets-Podilskyi returned to the guardianship of Poland, and a century later it passed to the Russian Empire.
Despite the twists in history, Kamianets-Podilskyi has managed to preserve its priceless buildings almost unchanged. The main sight is still the Ancient Fortress, considered to be one of the best samples of fortification buildings in Eastern Europe. Massive walls and bastions continue to inspire with their might and majesty. Among the fort towers, the ones that stand out are the Black Tower, which contains a 40-meter well, and the Karmeliukova Tower, which is the tallest tower and was named in the 19th century after its prisoner - Ukrainian national hero Ustym Karmeliuk.
In the towers and dungeons of the fortress are unique exhibitions, which brightly illustrate the pages of Kamianets-Podilskyi’s history: scenes of medieval trials, defenses of the fort, and weapons collections are all depicted. The “Antiquities of Podolia” exposition, describing the past of the region, is especially interesting. The castle bridge that leads to the fortress is separate tourist attraction on its own. It is often called the Turkish bridge, because in 17th century, when the Ottomans ruled the city, the bridge was considerably rebuilt.
Since that time, it has been supplemented by a Turkish minaret. The complex of the Dominican Monastery also bears the imprints of different epochs and styles. And St. Nicolas' Catholic Church, included in the complex, is considered to be one of the most ancient city temples.
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Please watch: Aviation Museum in Kiev: don't miss the visit!
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Kamianets-Podilskyi, Ukraine • Καμιάνετς-Ποντίλσκι, Ουκρανία
Kamianets-Podilskyi, Ukraine • Καμιάνετς-Ποντίλσκιι, Ουκρανία
Kamianets-Podilskyi is a city in western Ukraine. It's known for its well-preserved Old Town and Kamianets-Podilskyi Castle, a medieval fortress featuring several original towers. Castle Bridge, which leads to the city proper, also dates from the Middle Ages. The open-air Museum of Miniatures presents replicas of Ukrainian castles. Podilski Tovtry National Park is a huge nature preserve home to historical monuments.
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Saving energy in Kamyanets-Podilsky, Ukraine
The city of Kamyanets-Podilsky in western Ukraine has recently rolled out a range of investments aimed at boosting energy-efficiency measures and renovating the local district heating system. The investment programme will cut the usage of natural gas by about 30 per cent and reduce electricity consumption by some 40 per cent. This in turn will bring savings for the local utility company and the municipality’s budget.
The energy-efficiency project has been co-financed by the Swedish DemoUkraina trust fund, which is administered by the Nordic Environment Finance Corporation.
Kamyanets Podilsky Ukraine Travel
The town of Kamianets Podilskyi and its defensive walls are layered like the petals of a flowers, which is why Ukrainian poet Lesya Ukrayinka described Kamianets-Podilskyi as like a stone flower on the rock. In fact the very name of this castle town Kamianets comes from the Slavic word for stone. The beautifully preserved old town sits on top of a huge rocky plateau cut away on almost all sides by the river Smotrych which runs down in the valley below. The statue of a stag looks out towards the city, standing precariously near the sheer drop down the ravine. This natural barrier has helped defend the city for centuries.
Kamianets-Podilskyi Castle
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Kamianets-Podilskyi Castle is a former Ruthenian-Lithuanian castle and a later three-part Polish fortress located in the historic city of Kamianets-Podilskyi, Ukraine, in the historic region of Podolia in the western part of the country.Its name is attributed to the root word kamin', from the Slavic word for stone.Historical accounts date Kamianets-Podilskyi Castle to the early 14th century, although recent archaeological evidence has proved human existence in the area back to the 12th or 13th century.Initially built to protect the bridge connecting the city with the mainland, the castle sits on top of a peninsula carved out by the winding Smotrych River, forming a natural defense system for Kamianets-Podilskyi's historic Old Town neighborhood.
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Rope jumping in Ukraine (bridge in Kamianets-Podilskyi), 53 meters
Crimean–Nogai raids into East Slavic lands | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Crimean–Nogai raids into East Slavic lands
00:02:38 1 Causes
00:02:47 1.1 Economic factors
00:03:55 1.2 Political factors
00:04:41 2 Military
00:04:49 2.1 The theater of war
00:08:12 2.2 Tactics
00:10:08 3 The fate of the captives
00:10:17 3.1 On the steppe
00:12:06 3.2 In Crimea and Turkey
00:15:41 4 Resistance to the raids
00:15:51 4.1 Russia
00:16:18 4.2 Poland–Lithuania
00:17:06 5 In folk culture
00:17:49 6 Historians on the Tatar raids
00:18:34 7 List of raids
00:18:43 7.1 Outline
00:20:37 7.2 1480–1506
00:34:18 7.3 1507–1570
00:59:11 7.4 1571–1599
01:15:51 7.5 1600–1648
01:48:24 7.6 Wars 1648-1709
01:50:13 7.7 1648-1655: Khmelnitsky Uprising
02:03:20 8 1657-1663 Vyhovsky and the Poles
02:10:13 8.1 1665–1678
02:48:46 8.2 1677–1699
03:03:13 8.3 1700–1769
03:13:00 9 See also
03:13:17 10 Sources
03:13:57 11 Notes
03:14:05 12 External links
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Crimean-Nogai raids were slave raids carried out by the Khanate of Crimea and by the Nogai Horde into the region of Rus' then controlled by the Grand Duchy of Moscow (until 1547), by the Tsardom of Russia (1547-1721), by the Russian Empire (1721 onwards) and by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1569). These raids began after Crimea became independent about 1441 and lasted until the peninsula came under Russian control in 1774.Their main purpose was the capture of slaves, most of whom were exported to the Ottoman slave markets in Constantinople or elsewhere in the Middle East. The raids were an important drain of the human and economic resources of eastern Europe. They largely inhabited the settlement of the Wild Fields – the steppe and forest-steppe land which extends from a hundred or so miles south of Moscow to the Black Sea and which now contains most of the Russian and Ukrainian population. The raids also played an important role in the development of the Cossacks.Estimates of the number of people involved vary: according to Alan W. Fisher the number of people deported from the Slavic lands on both sides of the border during the 14th to 17th centuries was about 3 million. Michael Khodarkhovsky estimates that 150,000 to 200,000 people were abducted from Russia in the first 50 years of the 17th century.The first major Tatar raid for slaves occurred in 1468 and was directed into Galicia. Crimean Khan Devlet I Giray even managed to burn down Moscow during the 1571 campaign. The last raid into Hungary by the Crimean Tatars took place in 1717. In 1769 a last major Tatar raid, which took place during the Russo-Turkish War, saw the capture of 20,000 slaves.
What made the wild field so forbidding were the Tatars. Year after year, their swift raiding parties swept down on the towns and villages to pillage, kill the old and frail, and drive away thousands of captives to be sold as slaves in the Crimean port of Kaffa, a city often referred to by Russians as the vampire that drinks the blood of Rus'...For example, from 1450 to 1586, eighty-six raids were recorded, and from 1600 to 1647, seventy. Although estimates of the number of captives taken in a single raid reached as high as 30,000, the average figure was closer to 3000...In Podilia alone, about one-third of all the villages were devastated or abandoned between 1578 and 1583.
KAMENETS-PODOLSKY FORTRESS ???????? UKRAINE, 2019
Kamenets-Podolsky is often called an open-air museum city. This is one of the oldest cities in Ukraine, the first mention of it dates back to the 11th century. The greatest value of the city is the almost completely preserved historical center, the Old Town, not diluted with 20th century architecture.
Having served the city as a powerful defensive outpost for many centuries, now the Kamenets-Podilsky Fortress is one of the most beautiful architectural monuments belongs to the seven wonders of Ukraine.
The first buildings of the fortress belong to the XI-XII centuries, and the main fortifications - to the XVI-XVII centuries. Defensive fortifications in Kamenets-Podolsky are considered an excellent example of the best fortifications of Eastern Europe. In the XIV-XV centuries, the fortress was the main outpost of the Principality of Lithuania in Podillia, and from 1434 to the end of the XVIII century - the Commonwealth.
Have a good time in Kamenets-Podolsky with us????
KAMIANETS-Podilskyi Castle ????
Kamianets-Podilskyi Castle (XIV century) - one of the Seven Wonders of Ukraine
#castle #fortress #middleages #ukraine #monuments #oldarchitecture
Long Road Ahead B by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (
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Хмельницкая область. Кам.-Подольский район. Природа. Khmelnitsky region. Kam.-Podilskyi. Nature.
Картографические данные: Google, DigitalGlobe
Map data : Google, DigitalGlobe
МОИ ПУТЕШЕСТВИЯ. MY TRAVELS
Украина. Хмельницкая область. Каменец-Подольский район. Природа.
Ukraine. Khmelnitsky region. Kamianets-Podilskyi district. Nature
Композиция Namaste принадлежит исполнителю Audionautix. Лицензия: Creative Commons Attribution (
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Видео создано из моих авторских фотографий во время поездок в Каменец-Подольский район Хмельницкой области
The video was created from my copyright photos during trips to the Kamianets-Podilskyi district of Khmelnitsky region
Субтитры к данному видео опубликованы по материалам статьи из Википедии.
Лицензия: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported
Ссылка:
Subtitles for this video posted on the article from Wikipedia.
License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported
Link:
А теперь совершим путешествие на самый юг Хмельницкой области – в Каменец-Подольский район! Здесь природа совсем другая, чем в Славутском районе.
Каменец-Подольский район (укр. Кам'янець-Подільський район) — административная единица на юге Хмельницкой области Украины. Административный центр — город Каменец-Подольский.
Главная достопримечательность природы тут – река Днестр. К сожалению, качество днестровской воды оставляет желать лучшего… Не всегда она чистая.
Днестр – самое популярное место отдыха и рыбалки жителей области.
Кроме того, в окрестностях Каменца-Подольского встречаются удивительные карстовые пещеры. Наиболее известная из них – пещера Атлантида. Если в неё спуститься, то с потолка там свисают сталактиты.
Ну и, конечно же, Товтры! Ещё одна достопримечательность района. В нашей области Товтры имеют своё красивое название – Медоборы. Некоторые учёные считают, что Медоборы (Товтры) – это продолжение Карпатских гор, своеобразное их вкрапление в подольские ландшафты.
Одним из самых посещаемых мест также является каньон реки Смотрич в черте Каменца-Подольского. Такого места больше нигде нет в нашей области, только в Каменце!
Кому интересно - подписываемся на интересный канал!
Battle of the Kamenets-Podolsky Pocket, aka Hube Pocket
Historic footage from the Battle of the Kamenets-Podolsy Pocket, aka Hube Pocket, or Soviet Mud Offensive- one of the costliest German breakout operations in terms of equipment lost.
Каменец Подольский. Старая крепость на фото.
★ КАМЕНЕЦ ПОДОЛЬСКИЙ - ГОРОД МУЗЕЙ
Каменец Подольский. Старая крепость на фото.
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
✪ ПОДПИСАТЬСЯ НА КАНАЛ
✪ СМОТРЕТЬ ПОЛНЫЕ ВИДЕООТЧЕТЫ ПОЕЗДОК
✪ СМОТРЕТЬ ДРУГИЕ ПЛЕЙЛИСТЫ КАНАЛА
⇒ Каменец-Подольский ┇ Кам'янець-Подільський ┇Kamyanets-Podilsky
⇒ Хотинская крепость ┇ Хотинська фортеця ┇Khotyn Fortress
⇒ Буковель лето 2015 ┇Bukovel, Ivano-Frankivs'ka oblast
⇒ Черновцы┇Чернівці┇Chernivtsi
⇒ КАРПАТЫ Говерла август 2015┇Hoverla Mountain in Ukraine
⇒ ВОДОПАД ГУК. Микуличин август 2015┇Водоспад ГУК┇Waterfall Guk
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
Каменец-Подольский – это город-музей под открытым небом, имеющий почти тысячелетнюю историю.
Самая большая ценность Каменец-Подольского – практически целиком сохранившийся Старый город, расположенный на образованном каньоном Смотрича скалистом острове высотой около 30 метров.
Уникальность этого заповедника заключается в уникальном сочетании природных особенностей и градостроительной структуры средневекового города. Фортификационная система Старого города, созданная военными инженерами, не имеет аналогов в Европе. Здесь располагаются Русские врата, Замковые казармы, Замковый мост, городские оборонные башни, здания монастырей орденов францисканов и доминиканов, городской ратуши, кафедрального костела.
Символом Каменец-Подольского, его визитной карточкой, является важнейшая и самая интересная частью Старого города – Старая крепость, история которой начинается ещё в XII столетии. Особого внимания заслуживают замковые башни – их здесь одиннадцать.
Самая старая из всех (XII – XIII век) – Дневная или Донная башня, которая дальше всех располагается от входа в замок. У неё нет верха, хотя когда-то она имела высокую конусообразную крышу, завершавшуюся вышкой часового-трубача. В 1575 году в этой башне была римско-католическая часовня Святого Архангела Михаила.
На южной стене крепости расположена башня Лаская (Садовая, Белая), возведённая в XV веке, а в XVI веке отреставрированная на средства Яна Лаского – об этом рассказывает родовой герб «Корабль», выложенный на башне.
Особой грациозностью среди остальных башен выделяется башня Тенчинская, названная в честь военачальника Яна Тенчинского. Здесь можно подняться на галерею и по ней пройти от Белой башни к башне Ковпак.
Kamianets-Podilsky Dance Performance
Kamianets-Podilsky, Ukraine
August, 2013
Туристична Україна / Travel to Ukraine
Здравствуйте, хочу поделиться своей работой о достопримечательностях Украины.
Мне хотелось увидеть Украину - как она есть, а не через призму СМИ и запечатлеть это в timelapse видеоролике.
Маршрут съемок был следующим: Киев, Одесса, Белгород-Днестровский, Херсон, Железный Порт, Львов, Черновцы, Хотин, Каменец-Подольский, Бакота.
Во время поездки я получил массу впечатлений и завел много интересных знакомств. Я увидел красивую страну с уникальной и разнообразной природой, богатой историей и самобытной культурой, очень схожей с белорусской. Надеюсь после просмотра этого видео больше людей узнает об огромном туристическом потенциале Украины.
Отдельную благодарность за неоценимый вклад в создание видео ролика передаю Светлане Пасечник instagram.com/volkova_sveta19/
Больше видео и фото здесь
За все время было отснято 227 ракурсов (более 30 000 фотографий), из них отобраны 103 для видео. Стабилизация, цветовая обработка и монтаж производились в Adobe After Effects.
Hello, this video about Ukraine.
I would like to see Ukraine - as it is, and not through the prism of the media, and to capture it in timelapse video.
Filming route: Kiev, Odessa, Belgorod-Dniester, Kherson, Iron Port, Lviv, Chernivtsi, Hawtin, Kamenetz-Podolsk, Bakota.
During the trip, I got a lot of impressions and made many interesting contacts. I saw a beautiful country with a unique and diverse nature, rich history and unique culture is very similar to Belarus. I hope after watching this video more people will know about the huge tourism potential of Ukraine.
More videos and photos here
For all the time it was filmed 227 places (over 30 000 photos), of which 103 selected in video. Stabilization, color processing and video editing were made in Adobe After Effects.
Yan Mednis
yan.mednis@gmail.com
facebook.com/yan.mednis
vk.com/yan_m
instagram.com/yan.mednis
music - Olives - Dreamers Delight.
Kamenets-Podolsk: Mass Murder of Hungarian Jews
Michail Melnik, born in 1926 in Kamenets Podolsk, testifies about the mass murder of 15,000 Hungarian Jews in Kamenets-Podolsk.
For more details, click here:
Fighting Criminals in Ukraine Archives - Alex Krakovsky Fights for Open Access in Ukraine (VLOG #27)
In today's Vlog I update you on the work that Alex Krakovsky is conducting to create open access in archives in Ukraine. In a previous video I discussed how Alex was suing the Zhytomyr archives because they were doing illegal things in the way they ran the archive. Alex won that case but now has a new case against the Kyiv Archives and Ministry of Justice in Ukraine. A proclamation was passed by the Ministry of Justice which regulates what documents can be digitized, how they can be digitized, and where they can be digitized. Documents that are larger than an A4 paper size or books thicker than 4 can't be digitized. Anything handwritten, any paintings, or anything in pen is also banned from being digitized. For the few items that you can digitize you must submit requests to the archive, which can be denied for any reason, and you then must take your photos it in a designated space or in a private room under supervision. You can only takes photos using your phone or a tablet, not even professional scanners such as CZUR scanners are allowed.
The Ukraine Regulatory Service has said that this proclamation is illegal and that the Ministry of Justice must stop this regulations they are enacting. The proclamation directly conflicts with the law, which was upheld in Alex Krakovsky's case against the Zhytomyr Archives. It is also causing serious disruption to the work Alex is doing in digitizing records as well as other researchers in Ukraine, such as Sergii Fazulyonov who has helped me with records in Vinnytsia, Ukraine. These digitization efforts are some of the best ways of preserving these fragile documents. Brazil lost millions of artifacts recently in a Museum fire and this could easily happen in Ukraine, mostly because it already happened at the Kamenets-Podolsky archive in 2003. Hopefully Alex will win this case and be able to resume digitizing the records held in the Kyiv archives and elsewhere in Ukraine.
Want to start your own digitization project? Use the CZUR ET16 Plus Scanner for high quality digital images.
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Hungary in World War II | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Hungary in World War II
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
During World War II, the Kingdom of Hungary was a member of the Axis powers. In the 1930s, the Kingdom of Hungary relied on increased trade with Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany to pull itself out of the Great Depression. Hungarian politics and foreign policy had become more stridently nationalistic by 1938, and Hungary adopted an irredentist policy similar to Germany's, attempting to incorporate ethnic Hungarian areas in neighboring countries into Hungary. Hungary benefited territorially from its relationship with the Axis. Settlements were negotiated regarding territorial disputes with the Czechoslovak Republic, the Slovak Republic, and the Kingdom of Romania. In 1940, under pressure from Germany, Hungary joined the Axis powers. The following year, Hungarian forces participated in the invasion of Yugoslavia and the invasion of the Soviet Union.
While waging war against the Soviet Union, Hungary engaged in armistice negotiations with the United States and the United Kingdom. Hitler discovered this betrayal, and in March 1944, German forces occupied Hungary. When Soviet forces began threatening Hungary, an armistice was signed between Hungary and the USSR by Regent Miklós Horthy. Soon afterward, Horthy's son was kidnapped by German commandos and Horthy was forced to revoke the armistice. The Regent was then deposed from power, while Hungarian fascist leader Ferenc Szálasi established a new government, with German backing. In 1945, Hungarian and German forces in Hungary were defeated by advancing Soviet armies.
Approximately 300,000 Hungarian soldiers and more than 600,000 civilians died during World War II, including among them more than 400,000 Jews and 28,000 Roma. Many cities were damaged, most notably the capital Budapest. Most Jews in Hungary were protected from deportation to German extermination camps for the first few years of the war, although they had for a longer period been subjected to a series of anti-Jewish laws which imposed limits on Jewish participation in Hungary's public and economic life. From the start of the German occupation of Hungary in 1944, Jews and Roma were deported to the Auschwitz concentration camp. By the end of the war, the death toll was between 450,000 and 606,000 Hungarian Jews and an estimated 28,000 Hungarian Roma. Hungary's borders were returned to their pre-1938 lines after its surrender.
Siege of Kamenets
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The Siege of Kamieniec Podolski was laid by the Ottoman Empire on August 18, 1672, in the Polish fortress of Kamieniec Podolski .It lasted until August 27, when Polish forces defending the city capitulated.During the siege, legendary Polish hero, stolnik przemyski pułkownik Jerzy Wołodyjowski led many successful sallies with light cavalry.Kamieniec Podolski, known as the key to Podolia, had heavy, but obsolete fortifications, and a garrison of about 1500 soldiers .
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Hungary during World War II | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:23 1 Movement to the right
00:07:56 2 Territorial expansion
00:09:31 2.1 First Vienna Award
00:10:15 2.2 Occupation of Carpatho-Ukraine
00:11:40 2.3 Second Vienna Award
00:12:34 2.4 Occupation and annexation of Yugoslav territories
00:13:18 3 Administration of Greater Hungary
00:14:44 4 Military campaigns
00:14:54 4.1 Invasion of Yugoslavia
00:16:39 4.2 Invasion of the Soviet Union
00:21:50 4.3 German occupation of Hungary
00:23:53 4.4 Soviet occupation of Hungary
00:30:44 4.5 Retreat into Germany
00:32:09 5 List of major engagements
00:32:30 6 Oppression at home
00:32:39 6.1 The Holocaust
00:34:21 6.2 Forced labor
00:35:38 7 Resistance movement
00:38:18 8 Peace treaty
00:40:10 9 See also
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SUMMARY
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During World War II, the Kingdom of Hungary was a member of the Axis powers. In the 1930s, the Kingdom of Hungary relied on increased trade with Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany to pull itself out of the Great Depression. Hungarian politics and foreign policy had become more stridently nationalistic by 1938, and Hungary adopted an irredentist policy similar to Germany's, attempting to incorporate ethnic Hungarian areas in neighboring countries into Hungary. Hungary benefited territorially from its relationship with the Axis. Settlements were negotiated regarding territorial disputes with the Czechoslovak Republic, the Slovak Republic, and the Kingdom of Romania. In 1940, under pressure from Germany, Hungary joined the Axis powers. The following year, Hungarian forces participated in the invasion of Yugoslavia and the invasion of the Soviet Union. Their participation was noted by German observers for its particular cruelty, with occupied peoples subjected to arbitrary violence. Hungarian volunteers were sometimes referred to as engaging in murder tourism.While waging war against the Soviet Union, Hungary engaged in armistice negotiations with the United States and the United Kingdom. Hitler discovered this betrayal, and in March 1944, German forces occupied Hungary. When Soviet forces began threatening Hungary, an armistice was signed between Hungary and the USSR by Regent Miklós Horthy. Soon afterward, Horthy's son was kidnapped by German commandos and Horthy was forced to revoke the armistice. The Regent was then deposed from power, while Hungarian fascist leader Ferenc Szálasi established a new government, with German backing. In 1945, Hungarian and German forces in Hungary were defeated by advancing Soviet armies.
Approximately 300,000 Hungarian soldiers and more than 600,000 civilians died during World War II, including among them more than 400,000 Jews and 28,000 Roma. Many cities were damaged, most notably the capital Budapest. Most Jews in Hungary were protected from deportation to German extermination camps for the first few years of the war, although they had for a longer period been subjected to a series of anti-Jewish laws which imposed limits on Jewish participation in Hungary's public and economic life. From the start of the German occupation of Hungary in 1944, Jews and Roma were deported to the Auschwitz concentration camp. By the end of the war, the death toll was between 450,000 and 606,000 Hungarian Jews and an estimated 28,000 Hungarian Roma. Hungary's borders were returned to their pre-1938 lines after its surrender.
Drone Grand Tour - Tarnowski Palace and Park in Kachanovka. Ukraine
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The Tarnowski Palace and Park in Kachanovka is a perfectly preserved landlord's estate, a unique example of the manor construction of the Left Bank Ukraine. The creation of a palace and park complex began in 1770, the Governor-General of Little Russia P. Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky, who bought the estate from the court singer F. Kachenovsky. Originally the manor was built by the architect. K. Blank in the style of pseudo-Gothic, but in 1808-24. The new owner landowner G. Pocheka rebuilt it in the style of classicism, and the following masters from the Tarnowski family greatly expanded it and collected in it a large collection of works of art and Ukrainian antiquities. The palace, two wings and a water tower form the front yard.
At the lower level is a landscaped park with ponds and park sculptures. St George's church in Empire style was built in 1780. In the possession of Tarnowski manor became a cultural center. Here at different times visited K. Bryullov, T. Shevchenko, N. Gogol, M. Glinka (Glinka's arbor was a music salon), etc. The last owners of the estate were sugar plant P. Haritonenko and his daughter Elena, married to Baron M. Oliva . In Soviet times, the sanatorium functioned on the basis of the estate, the palace was badly damaged. In 1981 the historical and cultural reserve Kachanovka was created.
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