Turkey/Kars (Citadel) Kalesi Part 2
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Kars Citadel
The Castle of Kars (Turkish: Kars Kalesi) is a former fortification located in Kars, Turkey. It is also known under the name Iç Kale (Central/Inner Castle, Citadel).
It was built in 1153 by Vizier Firuz Akay commissioned by Saltuk Sultan Malik Izzeddin Saltuk II. The outer walls surrounding the city were built in the 12th century. The castle, which was destroyed by Timur in 1386, was rebuilt again in 1579 by Lala Mustafa Pasha, who came to Kars ordered by the Ottoman Sultan Murat III.
It is said in the Ottoman sources that the castle was rebuilt with the help of one hundred thousand soldiers and workers. In 1606, the castle was destroyed by the Iranian Shah Abbas I, and in 1616 and in 1636 it was restored twice and new elements were added to it. The castle was hugely damaged after the occupation of the Russians after the Ottoman-Russian War of 1877-1878, and partially changed after 40 years of occupation. The walls of the Castle of Kars were made of basalt masonry.
The castle consisted of two sections, the internal and the external castles. The external walls were made of five layers. In addition, there were deep trenches made in front of it. The main castle looks to the east. The planning of the walls of the external castle is not quite quadrangle. The length of the castle's perimeter makes 3,500 m (11,500 ft), it was supported with 22 watchtowers, of which only seven remained intact until today.
The length of the internal castle makes 250 m (820 ft) in the east-west direction, and about 90 m (300 ft) in the north-south direction. The castle has four gates. The Su Kapısı (literally: Water Gate) or Çeribaşı Kapısı is situated in the west, Kagizman Kapısı orta Orta Kapı in the south and Behram Kapı in the east. The main gate located in the north opens up to a chasm in front of the castle.The castle's watchtower can be accessed by climbing the stairs or along the stone paved road.Just inside the main entrance is a shrine containing the tomb of Jelal Baba who died during the Mongolilan invasion in 1239. Within the castle are military lodgings, an ammunition depot, and a small mosque that was rebuilt in the 1990s.
Today, the castle is administered by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism.
In 2005, the castle hosted a music concert by Turkish pop singer Sezen Aksu attended by around 25,000 people.
During the Islamic fasting month of Ramadan in 2011, a Mevlevi Sama ceremony was held for the first time at the castle.
The Taşköprü (Stone Bridge) is a bridge over the Kars river, built in 1725. Close to the bridge are three old bath-houses, none of them operating any longer.Wikipedia
Castle of Kars in the East [Kars / Turkey]
Kars Castle, locally known as Kars Kalesi, lies in the city of the same name, in the province of Kars in Turkey.
Kars Castle was built in 1153 by the Vizier Firuz Akay on the orders of the Saltuk Sultan Malik Izzeddin, probably incorporating an earlier Bagratid Armenian fortification. It was connected to the city walls which were built around the same time. It was built on a hill in a bend in the Kars River with a commanding view over the city.
In 1356 the castle was destroyed by the troops of Timur. In 1579 it was rebuilt by the Ottoman general Lala Mustafa Pasha, who came to Kars ordered by the Ottoman Sultan Murat III. In 1606, the castle was destroyed by the Iranian Shah Abbas I but it was rebuilt in 1616 and restored in 1636.
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Turkey/Kars (Ani Ruins) Part 4
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The ruins of Ani:
Ani is a ruined medieval Armenian city now situated in Turkey's province of Kars, next to the closed border with Armenia.
Between 961 and 1045, it was the capital of the Bagratid Armenian kingdom that covered much of present-day Armenia and eastern Turkey. Called the City of 1001 Churches, Ani stood on various trade routes and its many religious buildings, palaces, and fortifications were amongst the most technically and artistically advanced structures in the world. At its height, the population of Ani probably was on the order of 100,000.
Long ago renowned for its splendor and magnificence, Ani was sacked by the Mongols in 1236 and devastated in a 1319 earthquake, after which it was reduced to a village and gradually abandoned and largely forgotten by the seventeenth century. Ani is a widely recognized cultural, religious, and national heritage symbol for Armenians. According to Razmik Panossian, Ani is one of the most visible and ‘tangible’ symbols of past Armenian greatness and hence a source of pride.
The city took its name from the Armenian fortress-city and pagan center of Ani-Kamakh located in the region of Daranaghi in Upper Armenia. Ani was also previously known as Khnamk (Խնամք), although historians are uncertain as to why it was called so. Johann Heinrich Hübschmann, a German philologist and linguist who studied the Armenian language, suggested that the word may have come from the Armenian word khnamel (խնամել), an infinitive which means to take care of. Ani was also the diminutive name of ancient Armenian goddess Anahit who was seen as the mother-protector of Armenia.
Location: The city is located on a triangular site, visually dramatic and naturally defensive, protected on its eastern side by the ravine of the Akhurian River and on its western side by the Bostanlar or Tzaghkotzadzor valley. The Akhurian is a branch of the Araks River and forms part of the currently closed border between Turkey and Armenia. The site is at an elevation of around 4,390 feet (1,340 m).
Ancient city of Ani in Turkey's Kars
Ancient city of Ani in Turkey's Kars
Eastern Turkey’s ancient city of Ani is covered with snow in Kars province on December 17, 2018. Located on the Turkish-Armenian border, Ani Ruins was added on UNESCO's World Heritage List on July 2016. The first settlement in Ani dates back to 3,000 B.C, and in its history was home to nearly two dozen cıvılızations.
Turkey/Kars (Ani to Kars) Part 5
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Kars City,Turkey:
Kars is a city in northeast Turkey and the capital of Kars Province.
With a population of 113599 (in 2016), it is the largest city on the Turkish side of the closed border with Armenia . For a brief period of time, it served as the capital of the medieval Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia. Its significance increased in the 19th century, when Kars was contested between the Ottoman and Russian empires, with the latter gaining control of the city as a result of the 1877-78 war. During World War I, the Ottomans took control of the city in 1918 and declared the Provisional National Government of the Southwestern Caucasus, but were forced to relinquish it to the First Republic of Armenia following the Armistice of Mudros. During the Turkish–Armenian War in late 1920, Turkish revolutionaries captured Kars for the last time. The controversial Treaty of Kars was signed in 1921 between the Government of the Grand National Assembly and the Soviet republics of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia, which established the current north-eastern boundaries of Turkey.
Kars is served by a main highway from Erzurum, and lesser roads run north to Ardahan and south to Igdir. The town has an airport (Kars Harakani Airport), with daily direct flights to Ankara and Istanbul. Kars is served by a station on the Turkish Railways (TCDD) that links it to Erzurum. This line was originally laid when Kars was within the Russian Empire and connected the city to nearby Alexandropol and Tiflis, with a wartime, narrow-gauge extension running to Erzurum. Turkey's border crossings with Armenia, including the rail link, the Kars-Gyumri-Tbilisi railway, have regrettably been closed since April 1993. Construction on a new line, the Kars–Tbilisi–Baku railway, intended to connect Turkey with Georgia and Azerbaijan, began in 2010 and is scheduled for completion by 2017. The line will connect Kars to Akhalkalaki in Georgia, from where trains will continue to Tbilisi, and Baku in Azerbaijan.Wikipedia
Turkey/Kars Republic district (Cumhuriyet Mahallesi) Part 6
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Fethiye Mosque,Kars:
The Fethiye Mosque in Kars province center was built as a church during the occupation of Kars by Russia in the beginning of XIX. Kilisenin 15-10 m. a Russian monument was erected in the south. After the liberation of Kars, the community was turned.
Fethiye Mosque is made of cut stone in a rectangular plan. On the eastern edge of Yap Yap there are two sections, right and left. In this section, which is ascended by a six-step staircase, gates are provided between columns to provide access to the interior. These sections have been made more movable by placing the right and left columns of the door entrances and the windows there. At the same time there are deaf arches here. On the western entrance of the building was added a roof with three windows higher than the roof. In the roof sections above the northern and southern doors, deaf belts in the appearance of alfalfa leaves and pointed arched sections that are incompatible with the architecture of that period exhibit an extremely moving appearance on the facade.
On the north, south and west sides of the structure there are more than 1 m of stepped sections overlain by roofs. Between the outer walls of the building and the roof, the roofs with four pointed arched windows were opened. There are four chimneys at the corners of the top hood, where they join the roof. The structure of the roof sections, the finished embossed ornamental lace circumferentially surrounds it as just below. Due to the coldness of Kars, a heating chamber was added to the north side of the building.
The temple of worship has been partly repaired and turned away from its originality after it has been converted to the mosque. The interior is covered with a wide ceiling and decorated with geometric ornaments. There is a balconies arrangement that surrounds the interior all around. In addition, one of them was carried to the place of worship in the appearance of a lodge.
Two pieces of minaret were added on both sides of this building which is used as a mosque today, on a stone pedestal, with round body stone and two honorable ones.
KARS KALESİNDEN KARS MANZARASI
Stories From Kars - Turkey!
Discovering the city of Kars - Turkey, rich with history, culture and charming architecture.
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Nord-East of Turkey (2019) Day 3 Dogubayazit, Ararat, Kars
Video-diary. Turkey, Dogubayazit: Ishak Pasha Castle; Ararat; Kars: Archeological Museum, Museum of First World War in East Turkey, Mosques in Kars, Old Castle
Kars Castle, Turkey
A view of Kars from the vantage point of Kars Castle.
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Imagens da Cidade de Kars - Turquia
*City of Kars - Turkey
*Kars Şehri - Türkiye
Kars é uma cidade e distrito (em turco: ilçe) do extremo nordeste da Turquia. É a capital da província homónima e faz parte da Região da Anatólia Oriental. O distrito tem 1 805 km² de área e em 2012 a sua população era de 111 597 habitantes (densidade: 61,8 hab./km²), dos quais 78 100 moravam na cidade
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Stories from Kars - Turkey #2
Discovering the city of Kars - Turkey for the second day with even richer history, culture and more charming architecture.
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Castle of Kars
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The Castle of Kars is a former fortification located in Kars, Turkey.It is also known under the names Central Castle, Inner Castle or Citadel.It was built in 1153 by Vizier Firuz Akay commissioned by Saltuk Sultan Malik Izzeddin Saltuk II.The outer walls surrounding the city were built in the 12th century.
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Kars Kalesi, Kars, TURKEY
Kars Kalesi
Merkez Kale, İç Kale veya Stadel olarak anılır. M.S. 1153 yılında Selçuklulara bağlı Saltuklu Sultanı Melik İzzeddi'in emri ile Veziri Firuz Akay tarafından yaptırılmıştır. Kenti çevreleyen dış kale surları da 12. yy'da inşa edilmeye başlanmış 1386 tarihinde Timur tarafından yıkılan kale 1579 yılında Osmanlı Padişahı III.Murat'ın fermanı ile Kars'a gelen Lala Mustafa Paşa tarafından kale ve dış cephe surları yeniden yaptırılmıştır.(Kale kalıntılarında dört köşe mermer kitabe bulunmuş dış surların kapısına koydurulmuştur. Bu kitabeye göre 1152 yılında Sultan Melik İzzetin'in emri ile Veziri Firuz Akay tarafından yaptırılmıştır. Kaleyi 1386 yılında da Timur yerle bir etmiş, 1579 yılında tekrar III. Murat'ın emriyle Lala Mustafa Paşa yeniden yaptırmıştır.) 1616 ve 1636 yıllarında 2 defa onarımdan geçmiş, şehir merkezine bazı eserler eklenmiştir. Kaynaklara göre Merkez kale dışında surlar 27.000 metre uzunluğunda olup, 220 burçtan meydana gelmiştir. kale doğu-batı istikametinde 250 mt. Kuzey-güney istikametinde yaklaşık 90 mt'dir. 1877-1878 Osmanlı-Rus savaşından sonra 40 yıllık Rus işgalinde tahribatlara uğramış, orijinal özelliğini ve kullanımını yitirmiştir.
Kars Kalesinin dış cephe surları kesme bazalt taştan yapılmış olup yük istinat duvarları ile çevrilidir. Üç büyük kapısı bulunmaktadır. Bunlar;
Sukapısı veya Çeribaşı kapısı (batıda)
Kağızman kapısı (Ortakapı)
Behram Kapısı veya Bayrampaşa kapısıdır.
Kalenin kuzeydeki ana giriş kapısı kale önündeki boşluğa açılmaktadır. Bu yapılar arasında kalenin en yüksek noktası olan kale burcuna doğru taş döşemeli bir cadde mevcut olup caddenin bitiminden itibaren merdivenlerle kale burcuna ulaşılmaktadır. Kars Kalesi içerisinde 12. yy'dan kalma Celal Baba Türbesi, Askeri Koğuşlar, Tarlalar, Cephanelik ve bir adet Mescit yer almaktadır. Sit alanı olarak ilan edilen Kars Kalesi Kentten bakıldığında etkileyici bir görünüme sahiptir.
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