Harriet Tubman | Wikipedia audio article
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Harriet Tubman
00:02:27 1 Birth and family
00:05:09 2 Childhood
00:06:32 2.1 Religion
00:07:10 2.2 Head injury
00:08:53 3 Family and marriage
00:10:45 4 Escape from slavery
00:14:50 5 Nicknamed Moses
00:21:27 5.1 Journeys and methods
00:26:21 6 John Brown and Harpers Ferry
00:29:01 7 Auburn and Margaret
00:32:00 8 American Civil War
00:34:28 8.1 Scouting and the Combahee River Raid
00:38:31 9 Later life
00:42:28 9.1 Suffragist activism
00:43:49 9.2 AME Zion Church, illness, and death
00:45:53 10 Legacy
00:49:50 10.1 Historiography
00:51:09 10.2 National Historic Site and Person
00:52:08 10.3 National Park designations
00:54:00 10.4 Twenty-dollar bill
00:54:46 11 See also
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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Harriet Tubman (born Araminta Ross, c. 1822 – March 10, 1913) was an American abolitionist and political activist. Born into slavery, Tubman escaped and subsequently made some thirteen missions to rescue approximately seventy enslaved people, family and friends, using the network of antislavery activists and safe houses known as the Underground Railroad. She later helped abolitionist John Brown recruit men for his raid on Harpers Ferry. During the Civil War, she served as an armed scout and spy for the United States Army. In her later years, Tubman was an activist in the struggle for women's suffrage.
Born a slave in Dorchester County, Maryland, Tubman was beaten and whipped by her various masters as a child. Early in life, she suffered a traumatic head wound when an irate slave owner threw a heavy metal weight intending to hit another slave but hit her instead. The injury caused dizziness, pain, and spells of hypersomnia, which occurred throughout her life. She was a devout Christian and experienced strange visions and vivid dreams, which she ascribed to premonitions from God.
In 1849, Tubman escaped to Philadelphia, then immediately returned to Maryland to rescue her family. Slowly, one group at a time, she brought relatives with her out of the state, and eventually guided dozens of other slaves to freedom. Traveling by night and in extreme secrecy, Tubman (or Moses, as she was called) never lost a passenger. After the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 was passed, she helped guide fugitives farther north into British North America, and helped newly freed slaves find work. Tubman met the abolitionist John Brown in 1858, and helped him plan and recruit supporters for the raid on Harpers Ferry.
When the Civil War began, Tubman worked for the Union Army, first as a cook and nurse, and then as an armed scout and spy. The first woman to lead an armed expedition in the war, she guided the raid at Combahee Ferry, which liberated more than 700 slaves. After the war, she retired to the family home on property she had purchased in 1859 in Auburn, New York, where she cared for her aging parents. She was active in the women's suffrage movement until illness overtook her and she had to be admitted to a home for elderly African Americans that she had helped to establish years earlier. After she died in 1913, she became an icon of the courage and freedom of African-Americans.
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