Kaunas, Lithuania - Top Places To Visit - Silvija Travel Tips - Unravel Travel TV
Kaunas is the second-largest city in Lithuania after Vilnius and has historically been a leading centre of Lithuanian economic, academic, and cultural life. Kaunas is home to a variety of festivals and events, including the famous Kaunas Jazz festival, Hanza days, Operetta, Pažaislis Classical Music festival, Bike show, Kaunas city days, Songs festival ( listed by UNESCO), International Modern Dance Festival and much more. The Old Town has a collection of ancient architectural monuments, the remnants of the 14th century with remains of Kaunas castle, the buildings of the Middle Ages in the Gothic and Art Déco styles. The Kaunas Fortress has a valuable military heritage composed of a number of buldings and walls that used to be a military complex. There are nine Forts around the city and the IXth Fort serves as a museum. The macabre collection of nearly 3,000 devils at the Devils’ Museum and the exhibitions showing the unique artistic styles of composer and painter M. K. Ciurlionis, as well as J. Maciunas initiator of the avant-garde Fluxus art movement. The Funicular in the city is a unique means of transportation, is still in use today, including the genuine pre-war wagon, wooden seats, and stop platforms. Even today the funicular takes people up to the hill, from which the panorama of the Kaunas city centre and Old town is wide open. Kaunas is the only city among Baltic States, where such means of transportation is available. Kaunas is located at the confluence of the two largest Lithuanian rivers, the Nemunas and the Neris, and near the Kaunas Reservoir, the largest body of water entirely in Lithuania. Since the restoration of independence, improving substantially air and land transport links with Western Europe have made Kaunas easily accessible to foreign tourists.
- Kaunas Castle, Lithuania
- Town Hall, Kaunas
- Kaunas Cathedral Basilica
- Vytautas the Great War Museum, Kaunas
- Eternal Flame, Tomb of the Unknown Solder, Kaunas
- Statue of Liberty, Garden of Vytautas, Kaunas
- Žaliakalnis Funicular Railway, Kaunas
- Christ's Resurrection Church (Radio Factory, 1952), Kaunas
- St. Michael the Archangel's Church, Kaunas
- Kaunas Priest Seminary
- Vytauto Didžiojo tiltas (Great Bridge), Nemunas River, Kaunas
- Perkūnas (Thunder) House, Kaunas
- Lithuanian Bank / The Bank Museum, Kaunas
- River Memunas and Neris, Santakos Parkas, Kaunas
- Church and Monastery of Pažaislis, Kaunas
Kaunas Tourism
Lithuania Tourism
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Lithuania cardinal-to-be on his time in USSR jails
(5 Oct 2019) Sigitas Tamkevicius, Lithuania's Archbishop Emeritus of Kaunas who served 10 years in Soviet prisons, will become a Cardinal on Saturday.
Tamkevicius is one of 13 clergymen to be elevated by Pope Francis in a special ceremony at the Vatican.
The man who once spent seven hours a day being interrogated in a gulag in Siberia will be given the red hat and cardinal's ring in St Peter's Basilica.
Talking with reporters at the Vatican on Friday, Tamkevicius spoke of how he graduated from the seminary in 1962 and of his time as a journalist with a newspaper in Soviet-dominated Lithuania, documenting the situation of the Catholic Church in his country.
He explained that the KGB began following him until they had enough information on him to put him in prison, and the worst part of his incarceration was the months of interrogiation.
But on Friday the archbishop spoke of his gratitude to God and his hopes for the future ahead of the ceremony.
In this moment I am very grateful to Him and I ask that He allows me to go on a lot longer so that I can face the challenges of today and always have the faith in my heart, Tamkevicius said.
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21 Okt 2012 Google honored Jonas Maciulis-Maironis' 150th Birthday with a Doodle
Google švenčia Jono Mačiulio-Maironio 150-gimtadienis doodle
Google Google honored 150th birthday anniversary of Jonas Mačiulis-Maironis with a Doodle.
Maironis born October 21 1862 , is one of the most famous Lithuanian romantic poets. He was born in Pasandravys, Raseiniai district municipality, Lithuania.
Maironis graduated from Kaunas high school and went on to study Literature at Kiev University. However, in 1884, after one year of studies at the university, he entered Kaunas Spiritual Seminary.
Later Maironis studied at St. Petersburg Catholic Theological Academy. In the later years of his life, Maironis worked as a rector of Kaunas Priest Seminary and as a professor at the University of Lithuania,
Quelle:
Musik by: © Kevin McLeod
Title: Easy Lemon (30 second) ISRC: USUAN1200078
Svete Tikhiy (O Gladsome Light) - Choir of Annunciation cathedral in Kaunas - Live in Vilnius
During my most recent visit to Lithuania, I was asked to join the choir of Annunciation cathedral in Kaunas, to take part in a very special event - a festival of Orthodox church choirs! It took place in Cathedral of the Theotokos, in Vilnius.
Svete Tikhiy (O Gladsome Light) - Valaamsky chant
Choir of Annunciation cathedral in Kaunas
Nadezhda Rinkevich, conductor
Special thanks to archpriest Nikolai Murashov for video shooting.
Nov. 14th, 2014.
------
Свете Тихий - валаамский распев
Хор Благовещенского собора в Каунасе
Дирижер - Надежда Ринкевич
Особая благодарность протоиерею Николаю Мурашову за видеосъёмку.
На один день в Каунас
Поездка на один день в Каунас из Вильнюса в январе 2019 года. Прогулка по основным достопримечательностям зимнего Каунаса.
В видео:
00:38 — Поезд Вильнюс–Каунас
03:39 — Прогулка по центру Каунаса
07:40 — Места, которые стоило посетить
Ссылки из видео:
— официальный туристический портал Каунаса
— литовские железные дороги
— билеты на поезда Литвы
— билеты на междугородные и международные автобусы Литвы
— общественный транспорт Каунаса, официальный сайт перевозчика
— расписание и планировщик маршрутов по Каунасу
— приложение Avenue, с расписанием транспорта Минска, Вильнюса и Каунаса
— Базилика Воскресения Христа
— военный музей имени Витовта Великого
— музей Чюрлёниса, музей чертей
— музей девятого форта
— ресторан Berneliu Uzeiga
Transnational event Lithuania – Latvia (Telšiai)
Telšiai Bishop Vincentas Borisevičius Priest Seminary
(Katedros a. 6, Telšiai LT - 87131)
5 February 2019
Kun. Egidijus Arnašius - Vienažindžio Lietuva
Rev. Antanas Vienažindys (1841 - 1892), the Lithuanian prominent poet, catholic priest, is one of the Lithuanian lyric poets and authors of love-devotion motifs in Lithuanian poetry. His poetry was not published, however his literary heritage comprises a manuscript of 26 original songs Dainos Lietuvninko Žemaičiuose ...
In 1864, he graduated from Varniai Priest Seminary. He was a curate in Panevėžys, Šiaulėnai, Krinčinas, Vainutas, and Breslauja; and he was a parish priest of Laižuva from 1876 until his death in 1892. The fire of summer 1884 demolished the church, asylum and retired priest home of the village. All those structures were rebuilt by initiative of the priest A. Vienažindys together with his parishioners. The church was built of red bricks with two towers. Bishop M. Paliulionis sanctified the church on 22 May 1892. A plate with engraved inscription stating Metusi 1891 klebonas A. Wienožynskis su Dievą milentejs parapijonais sumurijo was fixed outside to the wall near the high altar. (During the retreat from Lithuania on 28 October 1944, the Nazi German Army blasted the church).
Being a child and youth A. Vienažindys used to spent his summers at his grandparents in Gipėnai village of Dusetos rural district. During his studies at the Seminary he met and fell in love with Rožė Stauskaitė from Jaskoniškiai farmstead. The Stauskai family (and the beloved of the poet as well) were exiled to Russia due to support the family provided during the Revolt of 1863. His songs were inspired by a yearning for his beloved. His early poems proclaim the joy of love, bright hopes. Later on, an elegiac mood, disillusion and sorrow prevail in his poems caused by severe consequences of the Revolt of 1863, and the sorrow related to exile of his beloved. A. Vienažindys considered his poems as songs, he used to adapt or create melody for them. Many of his poems have become national favorite songs.
References: Encyclopedia of Mažeikiai Region. Antanas Vienažindys
Wikipedia, Laižuva Church of the Holy Trinity
Dalė Gasinauskienė
Directors: Gintautas Alekna and Martynas Januška
Rev. Father Egidijus Arnašius arranged and assisted in release of visual-musical song.
Cameraman Gintautas Alekna
The song is illustrated by images of Laižuva churchyard and film fragments of places of the exiled Lithuanians in Siberia visited and filmed by G. Alekna.
Lietuvių poetas, kunigas Antanas Vienažindys (1841 - 1892) yra vienas pirmųjų lietuvių lyrikų ir meilės motyvų lietuvių poezijoje pradininkas. Poetas kūrybos nespausdino, bet paliko 26 originalių dainų rankraštį „Dainos Lietuvninko Žemaičiuose...
1864 m. baigė Varnių kunigų seminariją. Vikaravo Panevėžyje, Šiaulėnuose, Krinčine, Vainute, Breslaujoje. Nuo 1876 m. iki mirties klebonavo Laižuvoje. 1884 m. vasarą per miestelio gaisrą sudegė bažnyčia, prieglauda ir altarija. 1890 -- 1892 m. klebonas A. Vienažindys kartu su parapijiečiais visa tai atstatė. Bažnyčia buvo raudonų plytų, su dviem bokštais. Vyskupas M. Paliulionis 1892 m. gegužės 22 d. bažnyčią pašventino. Iš lauko pusės, ties didžiuoju altoriumi, buvo įmūryta lentelė su užrašu: „Metusi 1891 klebonas A. Wienožynskis su Dievą milentejs parapijonais sumurijo. (Nacistinės Vokietijos kariuomenė traukdamasi iš Lietuvos, 1944 m. spalio 28 d., bažnyčią susprogdino).
A.Vienažindys vaikystėje bei jaunystėje vasaras praleisdavo pas senelius Gipėnų kaime, Dusetų valsčiuje. Jau būdamas klieriku pamilo Rožę Stauskaitę iš Jaskoniškių vienkiemio. Už 1863 metų sukilimo rėmimą Stauskų šeima (kartu ir poeto mylimoji) buvo ištremta į Rusiją. Iš ilgesio mylimajai ir gimė dainos. Ankstyvuose eilėraščiuose apdainuojamas meilės džiaugsmas, šviesios viltys. Vėlesniuose eilėraščiuose vyrauja eleginė nuotaika, nusivylimas, sielvartas dėl 1863 sukilimo skaudžių pasekmių, liūdesys dėl mylimosios. Vienažindys savo eilėraščius vadino dainomis ir jiems pritaikydavo arba sukurdavo melodijas. Daugelis eilėraščių virto liaudies dainomis.
Nuorodos: Mažeikių krašto enciklopedija. Antanas Vienažindys
Vikipedija, Laižuvos Švč. Trejybės bažnyčia
Dalė Gasiniauskienė
Režisieriai- Gintautas Alekna ir Martynas Januška
Operatorius - Gintautas Alekna
Vaizdinės bei muzikinės dainos parengimu ir išleidimu rūpinosi kunigas Egidijus Arnašius
Daina iliustruota Laižuvos šventoriaus vaizdais bei G. Aleknos aplankytų ir nufilmuotų lietuvių tremties vietų Sibire fragmentais.
Latvia, Jelgava City catholic church 2009
Jauniešu dienu pasākums 7. jūlijā Jelgavā , Latvijā
Kaunas | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Kaunas
00:01:40 1 Etymology
00:02:26 2 Folk history
00:03:12 3 Coat of arms
00:04:40 4 History
00:04:49 4.1 Early history
00:05:25 4.2 Grand Duchy of Lithuania
00:07:26 4.3 Russian Empire
00:10:00 4.4 Interwar Lithuania
00:18:59 4.5 Soviet occupation and the June Uprising
00:24:48 4.6 Nazi occupation
00:26:33 4.7 Jewish community of Kaunas
00:29:38 4.8 Soviet administration
00:32:43 4.9 Restored independence
00:34:44 5 Geography
00:35:09 5.1 Administrative divisions
00:35:21 6 Climate
00:36:44 7 Religion
00:37:37 8 Culture
00:40:03 8.1 Museums
00:42:01 8.2 Theaters
00:43:04 9 Parks, Leisure, and Cemeteries
00:44:40 10 Economy
00:49:39 11 Demographics
00:51:46 12 Municipality council
00:52:17 12.1 Mayors
00:54:00 13 Transportation
00:54:09 13.1 Airports
00:55:07 13.2 Highways
00:55:53 13.3 Bridges
00:57:06 13.4 Railways
00:58:00 13.5 Hydrofoil
00:58:24 13.6 Public transportation
00:59:48 14 Sports
01:02:25 15 Education
01:04:26 16 Annual events
01:05:27 17 Notable residents
01:05:36 18 Twin towns – sister cities
01:05:49 19 Honours
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Kaunas (; Lithuanian: [ˈkɐʊˑnɐs] (listen); also see other names) is the second-largest city in Lithuania and the historical centre of Lithuanian economic, academic, and cultural life. Kaunas was the biggest city and the centre of a county in Trakai Municipality of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania since 1413. In the Russian Empire, it was the capital of the Kaunas Governorate from 1843 to 1915.
During the interwar period, it served as the temporary capital of Lithuania, when Vilnius, the traditional capital, was considered part of Poland between 1920 and 1939. During that period Kaunas was nicknamed the Little Paris because of its rich cultural and academic life, fashion, construction of countless Art Deco and Lithuanian National Romanticism architectural-style buildings as well as popular furniture, the interior design of the time, and a widespread café culture. The city interwar architecture is regarded as among the finest examples of European Art Deco and has received the European Heritage Label. It contributed to Kaunas being named as the first city in Central and Eastern Europe to be designated as a UNESCO City of Design. Kaunas has been selected as the European Capital of Culture for 2022, together with Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.The city is the capital of Kaunas County, and the seat of the Kaunas city municipality and the Kaunas District Municipality. It is also the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kaunas. Kaunas is located at the confluence of the two largest Lithuanian rivers, the Nemunas and the Neris, and is near the Kaunas Reservoir, the largest body of water in the whole of Lithuania.
Orthodox Patriarch of Moscow consecrates newly-built Cathedral of St. Maria Magdalene
His Holiness Patriarch of Moscow and all Russia consecrated new Cathedral of saint Maria Magdalene the Equal to Apostles in city Nalchick
What Makes Us Catholic | October 2, 2003
Polish–Lithuanian War | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:22 1 Background
00:03:30 1.1 Military developments
00:05:27 1.2 Diplomatic developments
00:07:59 2 May–September 1919: rising tensions
00:08:11 2.1 Demarcation lines
00:09:54 2.2 Sejny Uprising
00:11:31 2.3 Polish coup attempt
00:13:31 3 September 1919 – June 1920: minor incidents
00:15:03 4 July 1920: Soviet advance and Polish retreat
00:15:14 4.1 Diplomatic developments
00:16:55 4.2 Territorial changes
00:18:40 4.3 Lithuanian neutrality
00:20:12 5 August–October 1920: struggles for the Suwałki Region
00:20:24 5.1 Polish advance and Soviet retreat
00:22:33 5.2 Direct negotiations and League of Nations
00:24:02 5.3 Battle of the Niemen River
00:25:32 5.4 Suwałki Agreement
00:27:27 6 October–November 1920: struggles for the Vilnius Region
00:27:40 6.1 Żeligowski's Mutiny
00:29:10 6.2 Capture of Vilnius and other military attacks
00:33:01 6.3 Mediation and diplomatic measures
00:35:30 7 Aftermath
00:38:38 8 Notes
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Speaking Rate: 0.9816918499905529
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-C
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Polish–Lithuanian War was an armed conflict between newly independent Lithuania and Poland in the aftermath of World War I. The conflict primarily concerned territorial control of the Vilnius Region, including Vilnius, and the Suwałki Region, including the towns of Suwałki, Augustów, and Sejny. The conflict was largely shaped by the progress in the Polish–Soviet War and international efforts to mediate at the Conference of Ambassadors and later the League of Nations. There are major differences in Polish and Lithuanian historiography regarding treatment of the war. According to Lithuanian historians, the war was part of the Lithuanian Wars of Independence and spanned from spring 1919 to November 1920. According to Poland, the war included only fighting over the Suwałki Region in September–October 1920 and was part of the Polish-Soviet War.
In April 1919, Poland captured Vilnius and came in contact with the Lithuanian Army fighting in the Lithuanian–Soviet War. Faced with a common enemy, the Polish–Lithuanian relations were not immediately hostile. Poland hoped to persuade Lithuania to join some kind of Polish–Lithuanian union (see the Międzymorze federation), which Lithuania saw as loss of independence to Polish federalism. As bilateral relations worsened, the Entente drew two demarcation lines in hopes to stall further open hostilities. The lines did not please anyone and were ignored. When a Polish coup against the Lithuanian government failed in August 1919, the front stabilized until summer 1920.
In July 1920, Poland was losing the Polish-Soviet War and was in full retreat. The Lithuanians followed retreating Polish troops to secure the territory, assigned to Lithuania by the Soviet–Lithuanian Peace Treaty. The Soviets were the first to enter Vilnius. However, once Poland achieved a major victory in the Battle of Warsaw and forced the Soviets to retreat in August 1920, the Lithuanians were forced to defend their newly adjusted borders, which the Polish government did not recognize as valid. Fighting broke out in the Suwałki Region. During the Battle of the Niemen River, Poland attacked Lithuania on a wide front. The battle drastically altered the military situation and left Vilnius open to an attack. Under pressure from the League of Nations, Poland signed the Suwałki Agreement on October 7, 1920. The agreement drew a new demarcation line, which was incomplete and did not provide protection to Vilnius.
On October 8, 1920, Polish general Lucjan Żeligowski staged a mutiny among Polish troops and marched on Vilnius to defend the right of self-determination of local Poles. The mutiny was planned and authorized by Polish chief of state Józef Piłsudski. Żeligowski's forces captured Vilnius, but further adv ...
Pope John Paul II | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Pope John Paul II
00:03:37 1 Early life
00:10:13 2 Presbyterate
00:15:42 3 Episcopate and cardinalate
00:20:14 4 Papacy
00:20:23 4.1 Election
00:24:03 4.2 Pastoral trips
00:29:40 5 Teachings
00:31:55 5.1 Moral stances
00:34:58 5.2 Apartheid in South Africa
00:35:58 5.3 Capital punishment
00:37:28 5.4 European Union
00:40:09 5.5 Evolution
00:41:13 5.6 Iraq War
00:42:11 5.7 Liberation theology
00:43:22 5.8 Organised crime
00:44:10 5.9 Persian Gulf War
00:45:40 5.10 Rwandan genocide
00:46:51 5.11 Views on sexuality
00:47:51 6 Reform of canon law
00:48:59 6.1 1983 Code of Canon Law
00:49:51 6.2 Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches
00:50:32 6.3 iPastor Bonus/i
00:51:14 7 iCatechism of the Catholic Church/i
00:51:58 8 Role in the collapse of dictatorships
00:53:00 8.1 Chile
00:56:08 8.2 Haiti
00:57:47 8.3 Paraguay
00:59:02 9 Role in the fall of Communism
01:02:14 9.1 Communist attempt to humiliate John Paul II
01:03:27 10 Relations with other denominations and religions
01:03:57 10.1 Anglicanism
01:05:03 10.2 Animism
01:06:59 10.3 Armenian Apostolic Church
01:08:01 10.4 Buddhism
01:09:27 10.5 Eastern Orthodox Church
01:13:02 10.6 Islam
01:14:35 10.7 Jainism
01:15:20 10.8 Judaism
01:20:16 10.9 Lutheranism
01:21:59 11 Assassination attempts and plots
01:27:45 12 Apologies
01:29:25 13 Health
01:30:49 14 Death and funeral
01:30:58 14.1 Final months
01:31:25 14.2 Final illness and death
01:34:02 14.3 Aftermath
01:35:53 15 Posthumous recognition
01:36:03 15.1 Title the Great
01:38:13 15.2 Institutions named after John Paul II
01:38:51 15.3 Beatification
01:45:10 15.4 Canonisation
01:47:16 16 Criticism and controversy
01:47:43 16.1 Child sex abuse scandals
01:51:40 16.2 Opus Dei controversies
01:52:40 16.3 Banco Ambrosiano scandal
01:54:33 16.4 Problems with traditionalists
01:56:25 16.5 Religion and AIDS
01:57:11 16.6 Social programmes
01:57:40 16.7 Ian Paisley
01:58:24 16.8 Međugorje apparitions
01:59:04 16.9 Beatification controversy
01:59:49 17 Stolen relic
02:00:55 18 Personal life
02:03:01 19 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Pope John Paul II (Latin: Ioannes Paulus II; Italian: Giovanni Paolo II; Polish: Jan Paweł II; born Karol Józef Wojtyła; [ˈkarɔl ˈjuzɛv vɔjˈtɨwa]; 18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) served as Pope and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 to 2005.
He was elected by the second Papal conclave of 1978, which was called after Pope John Paul I, who had been elected in August to succeed Pope Paul VI, died after 33 days.
Cardinal Wojtyła was elected on the third day of the conclave and adopted his predecessor's name in tribute to him. John Paul II is recognised as helping to end Communist rule in his native Poland and eventually all of Europe. John Paul II significantly improved the Catholic Church's relations with Judaism, Islam, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Anglican Communion. He upheld the Church's teachings on such matters as artificial contraception, the ordination of women, and a celibate clergy, and although he supported the reforms of the Second Vatican Council, he was seen as generally conservative in their interpretation.He was one of the most travelled world leaders in history, visiting 129 countries during his pontificate. As part of his special emphasis on the universal call to holiness, he beatified 1,340 people and canonised 483 saints, more than the combined tally of his predecessors during the preceding five centuries. By the time of his death, he had named most of the College of Cardinals, consecrated or co-consecrated a large number of the world's bishops, and ordained many priests. A key goal of John Paul's papacy was to transform and reposition the Catholic Church. His wish was to place his Church at the heart of a new religious alliance that would bring together Jews, Muslims and Christians in a great religious armada.John Paul II was the second longest-serving pope in modern history after Pope Pius IX, who served for nearly 32 years from ...
John Paul II | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
John Paul II
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Pope John Paul II (Latin: Ioannes Paulus II; Italian: Giovanni Paolo II; Polish: Jan Paweł II; born Karol Józef Wojtyła; [ˈkarɔl ˈjuzɛv vɔjˈtɨwa]; 18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) served as Pope and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 to 2005.
He was elected by the second Papal conclave of 1978, which was called after Pope John Paul I, who had been elected in August to succeed Pope Paul VI, died after thirty-three days.
Cardinal Wojtyła was elected on the third day of the conclave and adopted his predecessor's name in tribute to him. John Paul II is recognised as helping to end Communist rule in his native Poland and eventually all of Europe. John Paul II significantly improved the Catholic Church's relations with Judaism, Islam, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Anglican Communion. He upheld the Church's teachings on such matters as artificial contraception and the ordination of women, but also supported the Church's Second Vatican Council and its reforms.
He was one of the most travelled world leaders in history, visiting 129 countries during his pontificate. As part of his special emphasis on the universal call to holiness, he beatified 1,340 people and canonised 483 saints, more than the combined tally of his predecessors during the preceding five centuries. By the time of his death, he had named most of the College of Cardinals, consecrated or co-consecrated a large number of the world's bishops, and ordained many priests. A key goal of John Paul's papacy was to transform and reposition the Catholic Church. His wish was to place his Church at the heart of a new religious alliance that would bring together Jews, Muslims and Christians in a great religious armada.John Paul II was the second longest-serving pope in modern history after Pope Pius IX, who served for nearly 32 years from 1846 to 1878. Born in Poland, John Paul II was the first non-Italian pope since the Dutch Pope Adrian VI, who served from 1522 to 1523. John Paul II's cause for canonisation commenced in 2005 one month after his death with the traditional five-year waiting period waived. On 19 December 2009, John Paul II was proclaimed Venerable by his successor Pope Benedict XVI and was beatified on 1 May 2011 (Divine Mercy Sunday) after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints attributed one miracle to his intercession, the healing of a French nun from Parkinson's disease. A second miracle attributed to John Paul II's intercession was approved on 2 July 2013, and confirmed by Pope Francis two days later (two miracles must be attributed to a person's intercession to be declared a saint). John Paul II was canonised on 27 April 2014 (again Divine Mercy Sunday), together with Pope John XXIII. On 11 September 2014, Pope Francis added these two optional memorials to the worldwide General Roman Calendar of saints, in response to worldwide requests. It is traditional to celebrate saints' feast days on the anniversary of their deaths, but that of John Paul II (22 October) is celebrated on the anniversary of his papal inauguration. Posthumously, he has been referred to by some Catholics as John Paul the Great, although the title has no official recognition.