KULMHOF DEATH CAMP (part 4)
This is a record of our presentation titled: KULMHOF: Geschichte und Spurensuche presented on February 28, 2013 in Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas on Cora-Berliner-Strasse 1 in Berlin. You Tube movies on our channel contains full audio recording of the lecture and around 85% of slides from presentation. Some slides are reserved by us - eg. unique map of Kulmhof death camp or unknown drawings of gas-vans. In these restricted parts of the movie we present photos from the lecture.
Because whole lecture was 1 hour and 33 minutes, we divided it - for technical reasons - into 8 separate parts.
PART 1 - Intro, Reichsgaues Wartheland, The Ghettos
PART 2 - Chelmno the Village
PART 3 - Kulmhof the Death Camp (pt.1)
PART 4 - Kulmhof the Death Camp (pt.2)
PART 5 - The Waldlager
PART 6 - The Gas Vans
PART 7 - Transporting the Victims to Chelmno
PART 8 - Disposing of the Victims, The Perpetrators
Research and Presentation: Artur Hojan and Cameron Munro (lecturer)
The event in Holocaust Memorial was organized by:
Tiergartenstrasse 4 Association aka T4 Research Team
Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas
Der Beauftragte der Bundesregierung für Kultur und Medien
Der Paritätische Wohlfahrtsverband Landesverband Berlin e.V.
Journey to Kolo and Chelmno. Podróż do Koła i Chełmna 2008.mov
A British relative of descendants from Kolo, Poland returns to the town to trace what happened to his Jewish family during the WW2 Holocaust. Out of approximately 100 family members, only one survived.
Holocaust Diary Szlamek Bajler recounts his time at Chelmno
Holocaust Diary Szlamek Bajler recounts his time at Chelmno Death Camp
Dora Menkin - testifies about the deportation from Sieradz to Chełmno in August 1942
Excerpt from the testimony of Dora Menkin about the deportation from Sieradz to Chełmno in August 1942. Interviw conducted by the USC Shoah Foundation Institute
Death camp at Chełmno nad Nerem : main line railway
twitter : @ceepackaging
The main north - south railway line passes very close to the site of the former Nazi death camp at Chełmno nad Ner.
In May 1944 the Nazis were deporting to Auschwitz faster than at any time previously. They were attempting to murder nearly one million Hungarian Jews and the clock was against them.
Auschwitz was extremely deadly but additional support was needed.
It is my opinion that around 50,000 people were taken to Stutthof near Gdańsk and this is borne out by the archives of that camp.
However it is illogical that the Nazis reopened Chelmno only to kill people from the Lodz ghetto who could also have been taken to Auschwitz (and were taken there in August 1944).
There is no evidence that Hungarian people were taken to Chełmno.
Please also see my website and blogs which contain information about where this was filmed and some of the background: and
P. Klein - “Arbeitsjuden” extermination camp at Kulmhof’s - 2013-05
The International Symposium “The forced labourers of death. Sonderkommandos and Arbeitsjuden” organized by the Auschwitz Foundation and Remembrance of Auschwitz took place from May 23 to 25, 2013, at the International Press Center – Residence Palace & the Royal Library of Belgium in Brussels.
Peter Klein, Hamburg Foundation for promotion of science and culture (Germany): “Arbeitsjuden” extermination camp at Kulmhof’s 1941-1945
Now that the crimes, committed by the Wehrmacht, have been recognized for some part thanks to the large travelling exhibition dedicated to these facts between 1995 and the early years 2000, now that the visibility of the extermination in the East has reached unprecedented peaks thanks to the research on the “Holocaust by bullets”, now that Auschwitz has been visited over 1.3 million times last year, the historical and memorial recognition of the Sonderkommando and Arbeitsjuden (the closest witnesses of the “Holocaust by gas”) is still more difficult to achieve. Are the gassings only posted as background information? Are the (mandatory) actors of the most advanced mass murder in modern history still personae non gratae of history and memory?
The Sonderkommando of Auschwitz were the obligatory actors and direct witnesses of the gasification of the European Jews, Roma and Sinti, the deportees labeled as useless and of many Soviet soldiers. They were in the center of the Nazi extermination process, which had reached its highest level of technicality. However, their stories, written testimonies during the eradication itself or later recounted testimonies of survivors, despite the recent publications, recognized no real place in the memory of the genocide of the Jews. They were for a long time banned from the Jewish memory and depicted as devils by the deportees themselves. Following Primo Levi, some historians or philosophers classified them in the gray area, often reinterpreted in a negative way. The presence of the Arbeitsjuden in the other eradication centers became even more neglected.
This symposium aims was twofold. First goal was to make a balance of the Sonderkommando and Arbeitsjuden on an historical and memorial level. Then, to discuss the memory of the Sonderkommando in the broadest sense, their appearance in the testimony of the surviving deportees, in literature, theater and film.
More information:
Auschwitz Foundation - Remembrance in Auschwitz
auschwitz.be
Deutschland - Holocaust 5Deportation - deutsch
Ganzer Film anschauen -- Bitte hier klicken:
Im Laufe des Jahres 1942 stellen die Nazis ihre Vernichtungslager fertig. Chelmno, Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka, Majdanek – und Auschwitz. Hier sollen die fast drei Millionen polnischer Juden ausgerottet werden – zusammen mit allen Juden Westeuropas, derer die Nazis habhaft werden können.
Gleichzeitig mit den Vernichtungslagern entsteht im besetzten Polen eine ganze Industrie, die nur darauf ausgelegt ist, das Hab und Gut der Ermordeten zu Geld zu machen. Mit diesem Geld wird unter anderem die Maschinerie des Holocaust selbst gespeist. Konkret bedeutet das: die Juden werden gezwungen, ihre eigene Ermordung zu finanzieren.
Die Ermordung selbst ist gekennzeichnet von unbeschreiblicher Grausamkeit. Während die Gefangenen in die Umkleideräume und dann in die Gaskammern gebracht wurden, mussten alle, die nicht bis zu den Gaskammern laufen konnten auf der Laderampe warten. Dann, nachdem die meisten bereits in den Gaskammern getötet worden waren, wurden sie an die Verbrennungsgruben gezerrt, wo sie erschossen wurden. Getötet wurden die Schwächsten. Kranke und Verletzte, Alte, Bewusstlose, Kinder, die ihre Eltern verloren hatten.
Wie effizient die Tötungsmaschinerie funktioniert, sieht man daran, wie wenige Juden die Vernichtungslager der Nazis überlebt haben. In Belzec wurden bis zu 500.000 Juden vergast – nur sieben Menschen konnten fliehen. Nur zwei Überlebende des Vernichtungslagers Chelmno sind bekannt – mindestens 152.000 Menschen starben hier. 52 Menschen überlebten das Vernichtungslager Sobibor, 250.000 starben hier. In Treblinka starben über 900.000 Menschen – knapp 100 haben überlebt.
KZ Stutthof - Concentration Camp
Pages show pictures and videos of the day taken at places connected with the World War II (Second World War)
mail: info@druhasvetovavalka.cz
TomTom POI of that place you can download here
tento bod zajmu do vasi navigce TomTom si muzete stahnout zde:
Auschwitz Birkenau No Words
This video contents fair use for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use.
War crimes in occupied Poland during World War II | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:41 1 The invasion of Poland (September 1939)
00:03:12 1.1 Indiscriminate executions by firing squad
00:09:20 1.2 Bombing campaigns
00:11:11 2 German and Soviet occupation (September 1939 – June 1941)
00:12:46 3 Soviet war crimes against Poland
00:14:26 3.1 Katyn massacre of Polish military echelon by the NKVD
00:16:10 3.2 Soviet deportations as a means of ethnic cleansing
00:17:52 3.3 Cultural destruction of Kresy
00:20:00 4 Terror in the German zone of occupation
00:22:25 4.1 German pacifications of Polish settlements
00:25:32 4.2 Extermination of psychiatric patients
00:28:37 4.3 Treatment of Polish Jews prior to the Holocaust
00:31:43 4.4 Cultural genocide
00:34:12 4.5 Forced evictions and roundups of slave labour
00:37:26 4.5.1 Concentration camps
00:39:52 4.5.2 Forced labour camps
00:41:11 5 German–Soviet war of aggression (July 1941 – December 1944)
00:42:09 5.1 Soviet executions of civilian prisoners June–July 1941
00:45:02 6 The Holocaust in Nazi-occupied Poland
00:45:13 6.1 Chełmno, Bełżec, Sobibor, and Treblinka
00:47:14 6.2 Auschwitz-Birkenau
00:48:50 7 Ukrainian massacres in occupied Poland
00:54:45 8 German massacres during World War II
00:56:15 8.1 Warsaw Uprising massacres
00:59:45 9 The end of German rule and the return of the Soviets (January 1945)
01:01:25 9.1 Internment of Polish nationals
01:02:50 10 Estimated casualties of World War II and its aftermath
01:04:48 11 See also
01:05:43 12 Notes
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Speaking Rate: 0.9101237143227763
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Over six million Polish citizens, divided almost equally between ethnic Poles and Polish Jews, are estimated to have perished during World War II. Most were civilians killed by the actions of Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and their respective allies. At the International Military Tribunal held in Nuremberg, Germany, in 1945–46, three categories of wartime criminality were juridically established: waging a war of aggression; war crimes; and crimes against humanity. These three crimes in international law were for the first time, from the end of the war, categorised as violations of fundamental human values and norms. These crimes were committed in occupied Poland on a tremendous scale.In 1939 the invading forces comprised 1.5 million Germans and nearly half a million Soviets. Poland's territory was divided between Nazi Germany and the USSR. In the summer and autumn of 1941 the lands annexed in the east by the Soviets, containing large Ukrainian and Belarusian populations, were overrun by Nazi Germany in the initially successful Operation Barbarossa against the Soviet Union. Wartime German and Soviet actions eclipsed the sovereign Polish state, inflicted massive damage to the country's cultural heritage, and killed millions of Polish citizens. War crimes against Poland included deportations aimed at ethnic cleansing, imposition of forced labor, pacifications, and selective as well as mass murders.
24 mk Danzig 13 -Ausflüge-1-Weichselwerder & Stutthof-.mpg
Die Landschaft des Weichselwerders -im Mündungsdelta der Weichsel- ist nicht spektakulär. Sie erschließt sich dem Betrachter erst auf den zweiten -oder weiteren- Blicken. Die Landschaften sind still und haben -bingt durch die dünne Besiedlung- einen eigen Reiz. Für alle Naturliebhaber ist ein Besuch durchaus lohnend. MK.
KL Lublin Majdanek - obóz zagłady
History of the Jews in Poland | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
History of the Jews in Poland
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
The history of the Jews in Poland dates back over 1,000 years. For centuries, Poland was home to the largest and most significant Jewish community in the world. Poland was a principal center of Jewish culture, thanks to a long period of statutory religious tolerance and social autonomy. This ended with the Partitions of Poland which began in 1772, in particular, with the discrimination and persecution of Jews in the Russian Empire. During World War II there was a nearly complete genocidal destruction of the Polish Jewish community by Nazi Germany and its collaborators, during the 1939–1945 German occupation of Poland and the ensuing Holocaust. Since the fall of communism in Poland, there has been a Jewish revival, featuring an annual Jewish Culture Festival, new study programs at Polish secondary schools and universities, the work of synagogues such as the Nożyk Synagogue, and Warsaw's Museum of the History of Polish Jews.
From the founding of the Kingdom of Poland in 1025 through to the early years of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth created in 1569, Poland was the most tolerant country in Europe. Known as paradisus iudaeorum (Latin for Paradise of the Jews), it became a shelter for persecuted and expelled European Jewish communities and the home to the world's largest Jewish community of the time. According to some sources, about three-quarters of the world's Jews lived in Poland by the middle of the 16th century. With the weakening of the Commonwealth and growing religious strife (due to the Protestant Reformation and Catholic Counter-Reformation), Poland's traditional tolerance began to wane from the 17th century onward. After the Partitions of Poland in 1795 and the destruction of Poland as a sovereign state, Polish Jews were subject to the laws of the partitioning powers, the increasingly antisemitic Russian Empire, as well as Austria-Hungary and Kingdom of Prussia (later a part of the German Empire). Still, as Poland regained independence in the aftermath of World War I, it was the center of the European Jewish world with one of the world's largest Jewish communities of over 3 million. Antisemitism was a growing problem throughout Europe in those years, from both the political establishment and the general population.At the start of World War II, Poland was partitioned between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union (see Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact). One-fifth of the Polish population perished during World War II, half of them were 3,000,000 Polish Jews murdered in The Holocaust, constituting 90% of Polish Jewry. Although the Holocaust occurred largely in German-occupied Poland, there was little collaboration with the Nazis by its citizens. Collaboration by individual Poles has been described as smaller than in other occupied countries. Statistics of the Israeli War Crimes Commission indicate that less than 0.1% of Poles collaborated with the Nazis. Examples of Polish attitudes to German atrocities varied widely, from actively risking death in order to save Jewish lives, and passive refusal to inform on them; to indifference, blackmail, and in extreme cases, participation in pogroms such as the Jedwabne pogrom. Grouped by nationality, Poles represent the largest number of people who rescued Jews during the Holocaust.
In the post-war period, many of the approximately 200,000 Jewish survivors registered at Central Committee of Polish Jews or CKŻP (of whom 136,000 arrived from the Soviet Union) left the People's Republic of Poland for the nascent State of Israel and North or South America. Their departure was hastened by the destruction of Jewish institutions, post-war violence and the hostility of the Communist Party to both religion and private enterprise, but also because in 1946–1947 Poland was the only Eastern Bloc country to allow free Jewish aliyah to Israel, without visas or exit permits. Britain demanded Poland to halt the exodus, but their pressure was largely unsuccessful. Most o ...
Extermination camp | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:47 1 Background
00:04:47 2 Definition
00:07:40 3 History
00:08:27 3.1 Pure extermination camps
00:10:53 3.2 Concentration and extermination camps
00:13:08 3.3 Other means of extermination
00:15:08 4 Extermination procedure
00:17:14 4.1 Gassings
00:23:49 4.2 Corpse disposal
00:25:51 4.3 Ustaše camps
00:27:55 5 Death toll
00:28:12 6 Dismantling and attempted concealment
00:29:09 7 Commemoration
00:30:30 7.1 The camps and Holocaust denial
00:32:25 8 See also
00:32:52 9 Notes
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9560344117706113
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-C
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Nazi Germany built extermination camps (also called death camps or killing centers) during the Holocaust in World War II, to systematically murder millions of Jews. Others were murdered at the death camps as well, including Poles, Soviet POWs, and Roma. The victims of death camps were primarily killed by gassing, either in permanent installations constructed for this specific purpose, or by means of gas vans. Some Nazi camps, such as Auschwitz and Majdanek, served a dual purpose before the end of the war in 1945: extermination by poison gas, but also through extreme work under starvation conditions.The idea of mass extermination with the use of stationary facilities to which the victims were taken by train, was the result of earlier Nazi experimentation with chemically manufactured poison gas during the secretive Aktion T4 euthanasia programme against hospital patients with mental and physical disabilities. The technology was adapted, expanded, and applied in wartime to unsuspecting victims of many ethnic and national groups; the Jews were the primary target, accounting for over 90 percent of the extermination camp death toll. The genocide of the Jewish people of Europe was the Third Reich's Final Solution to the Jewish question. It is now collectively known as the Holocaust, during which 11 million others were also murdered. Extermination camps were also set up by the fascist Ustaše regime of the Independent State of Croatia, a puppet state of Germany, which carried out genocide between 1941 and 1945 against Serbs, Jews, Roma and its Croat and Bosniak Muslim political opponents.