Lublin Old Town, Lublin, Lublin Province, Poland, Europe
Old Town historically the oldest part of Lublin. From 23 February 2006 the administrative district of Lublin, which also included allotments Pidzamche on the east side al. The Union of Lublin. May 16, 2007, the band architecture and urban planning was included in the list of historical monuments. Cracow Gate entrance gate to the Old City, the residue ramparts of the fourteenth century and one of the most recognizable symbols of the castle. It was staged in the Gothic style, and was given the eighteenth century baroque figure. Every day at noon it was enacted bugle Lublin out of the music signal is played with the New Town Hall, which is located vis-à-vis the Cracow Gate. Grodzka Gate - the city gate, the remainder of the first masonry elements of the castle walls, built in 1342, the authorization of Casimir the Great. Current monument has the shape given to it in 1785 by the court architect of King Stanislaw August Poniatowski, Dominik Merlini, and its appearance is the result of renovation of the eighteenth century. Grodzka Gate was also known as the Jewish Gate, because it was going on between the Old Town and the Jewish Quarter. Gothic tower reconstructed in the 80s Twentieth century and being, with a part of the city walls, fortifications testimony Gothic Old Town. Tower was built in 1341 with walls of stone and brick revetment. Fish Gate the fifteenth-century door completely reconstructed after World War II. She was once owned by landlords and Market 5 Grodzka 2, which is adjacent. It leads to Square Fish, where he formerly held a brisk trade. Trinitarian Tower neo-Gothic bell tower is the highest point of altitude historic Lublin. The observation deck at a height of 40 meters offers a vast panorama of the city. Name of the tower comes from the law oo. Trinitarians who have stayed at pojezuickich monastic buildings, located near the tower. Currently in its interior houses the Museum of the Archdiocese. Included in the buildings of the Jesuit college. Short Square a central place in Lublin, connecting old town with streets: Royal, Krakow Suburb and Lubartowska. On its edge is Cracow Gate and New Town Hall. Square was founded in 1611 after backfilling rozplantowaniu moats and ramparts. The funds raised in this way, the square formed a convenient place fair, which traded in grain, using the then measure - a bushel; square called the Korce. The current name refers to the 600th anniversary of the granting Lublin city rights by King Ladislaus the Short in 1317. The Parish Church Square - square in the center of the Old Town. In the years 1936-1938 there unearthed the foundations of the parish church of St. Nicholas. Michael the Archangel. In 2002, the foundations were restored. The present parish church square is a popular venue for concerts and meetings of Lublin. Castle, the Chapel of the Castle - originally built in the twelfth century, in the thirteenth century, was added to the Romanesque donjon (tower residential and defensive), rebuilt several times during the German occupation prison was located there, and later on the same goals Castle settled in the NKVD, it was only in the mid- 50th In the twentieth century, created a museum. The castle chapel church. St. Trinity built a foundation of Casimir the Great is one of the most important monuments in Poland, covered Russo-Byzantine frescoes from 1418, created at the request of Wladyslaw Jagiello. Crown Court - was built in the late fourteenth century, was originally used as a town hall, from 1578 housed the Crown Court, the highest court for the nobility of Lesser Poland and Rus, in the eighteenth century, rebuilt in neoclassical style by Dominik Merlini, now there is a registry office. Townhouses Old Town dozens of baroque and classical buildings such as the market was rebuilt many times. There remained no traces of the Gothic predecessors of these objects. In later years, Renaissance decor disappeared, but a few remained intact objects. Enjoy as this can be one of the most beautiful baroque markets in Poland. Since the restoration work is underway that aim to beautify the central point of the Old Town. Among the dozens of beautiful houses can be distinguished:
The building Klonowica (No. 2) - Its facade is decorated with sgraffito medallions with images of famous people associated with Lublin: Sebastian Klonowic, Biernat of Lublin, Jan Kochanowski, who died in Lublin and Vincent Fields. Tenement House of the Lubomelski (No. 8) - preserved Renaissance portal and marked with the date 1540 precious wall paintings of a secular. Its facade has a very specific shade of red. At the height of the building is built in the Renaissance style facade attic.
The Story Of Lublin
The story begins with pictures of the Polish Committee of National Liberation which is recognised by the Soviet, whilst Britain acknowledges the Polish Government in London. Lublin had been enduring a reign of terror throughout the Nazi occupation. The culmination of the horror's was the shooting of seven hundred Polish men, women and children in the last moments before the town was freed.
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Poland: Protests greet Nazi supporting Poroshenko in Lublin
Demonstrators came out to protest against Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko on Thursday outside Lublin City Culture Hall during his visit to the eastern Polish city, Thursday. The Ukrainian leader met with locals and earlier visited a military base where a joint Polish-Lithuanian-Ukrainian brigade is based.
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Krakowskie Przedmieście w Lublinie
Krakowskie Przedmieście – jedna z głównych ulic Lublina, częściowo zamknięta dla ruchu kołowego i przekształcona w strefę pieszą
(na odcinku od placu Władysława Łokietka do skrzyżowania
z ul. 3 Maja i Kołłątaja).
Przez długi czas najważniejszy trakt komunikacyjny miasta, część drogi biegnącej z Krakowa przez Lublin na wschód. Pełni istotną funkcję handlowo-usługową – wzdłuż niej mieszczą się siedziby najważniejszych urzędów i instytucji miasta.
Ulicę Krakowskie Przedmieście otwiera plac Władysława Łokietka, przy którym usytuowana jest Brama Krakowska (otwierająca drogę
do Starego Miasta) i budynek Nowego Ratusza. Fragment biegnący do placu Litewskiego prawie w całości kształtował się w pierwszej połowie XIX wieku. Jego cechą charakterystyczną jest niewielka szerokość traktu i silna zwartość zabudowy ulicy. Ta część pod koniec XX wieku została zamknięta dla ruchu kołowego i przebudowana na deptak.
Kolejny, młodszy fragment Krakowskiego Przedmieścia (kształtowany na przełomie XIX i XX wieku), otwiera duży plac z fontanną i pomnikiem Unii Lubelskiej z jednej strony (plac Litewski) i skwer przy centrum handlowym – z drugiej (przy skrzyżowaniu z ul. Kapucyńską). Dalej trakt jest szerszy i biegnie w kierunku skrzyżowania z ulicą Lipową i Alejami Racławickimi.
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Krakowskie Przedmieście - one of the main streets of Lublin, partly closed to vehicular traffic and transformed into a pedestrian zone
(on the section from Władysław Łokietek Square to the intersection
from ul. 3 Maja and Kołłątaja).
For a long time, the most important communication route of the city, part of the road running from Krakow through Lublin to the east. It has an important commercial and service function - along it are the headquarters of the most important municipal offices and institutions.
Krakowskie Przedmieście street is opened by Władysław Łokietek square, at which the Krakowska Gate is situated (opening the road
to the Old Town) and the building of the New Town Hall. The fragment running to Litewski Square was almost entirely shaped in the first half of the 19th century. Its characteristic feature is the small width of the road and a strong compactness of the street. This part at the end of the 20th century was closed to vehicular traffic and rebuilt into a pedestrian zone.
Another, younger fragment of Krakowskie Przedmieście (shaped at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries) opens a large square with a fountain and a monument of the Union of Lublin on one side (Litewski Square) and a square next to a shopping center - on the other (at the intersection with Kapucyńska St.). The route is wider and runs towards the intersection with Lipowa Street and Aleje Racławickie.
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Lublin, 700 ans d'histoire
En 1386, est célébré le mariage de la belle reine Jadwiga de Pologne, âgée de 14 ans, avec le Grand Duc de Lituanie : Ladislas Jagellon, à la longue figure triste - et déjà âgé de 35 ans, mais à l'intelligence aigüe et à l'esprit avisé !
C'est cette Union qui fit de la petite Pologne de l'époque un grand royaume prospère, que célèbre la place de Lituanie à Lublin.
Cette place rassemble aussi bien des symboles de l'histoire moderne du pays.
Mais en cette période de célébrations, elle accueille autour de sa fontaine multicolore tous les habitants de la ville, les musiciens, les bateleurs, et tout finit dans la Musique et les jets lumineux! ...
Poland: Red Army monument torn down in Warsaw
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A monument dedicated to soldiers of the Soviet Union's Red Army was dismantled in Warsaw's Skaryszewski Park on Tuesday. It will now be relocated to the Cold War Museum in Podborsko, near Szczecin.
Workers used a diamond rope saw to cut out the image of a Red Army soldier, before lifting it with a crane.
The removal, which began on October 17, is linked to a Polish law banning the propagation of 'communism or any other totalitarian regime' through the naming of buildings and other public facilities.
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Poland/Warsaw (Old Town Market) Part 6
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Warsaw-Warszawa/Poland
Warsaw (Polish: Warszawa) is the capital and largest city of Poland. It stands on the Vistula River in east-central Poland, roughly 260 kilometres (160 mi) from the Baltic Sea and 300 kilometres (190 mi) from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population is estimated at 1.740 million residents within a greater metropolitan area of 2.666 million residents, which makes Warsaw the 9th most-populous capital city in the European Union. The city limits cover 516.9 square kilometres (199.6 sq mi), while the metropolitan area covers 6,100.43 square kilometres (2,355.39 sq mi).
In 2012 the Economist Intelligence Unit ranked Warsaw as the 32nd most liveable city in the World. It was also ranked as one of the most liveable cities in Central Europe. Today Warsaw is considered an Alpha– global city, a major international tourist destination and a significant cultural, political and economic hub. Warsaw's economy, by a wide variety of industries, is characterised by FMCG manufacturing, metal processing, steel and electronic manufacturing and food processing. The city is a significant centre of research and development, BPO, ITO, as well as of the Polish media industry. The Warsaw Stock Exchange is one of the largest and most important in Central and Eastern Europe. Frontex, the European Union agency for external border security, has its headquarters in Warsaw. It has been said that Warsaw, together with Frankfurt, London, Paris and Barcelona is one of the cities with the highest number of skyscrapers in the European Union.Warsaw has also been called Eastern Europe’s chic cultural capital with thriving art and club scenes and serious restaurants.
The first historical reference to Warsaw dates back to the year 1313, at a time when Kraków served as the Polish capital city. Due to its central location between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth's capitals of Kraków and Vilnius, Warsaw became the capital of the Commonwealth and of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland when King Sigismund III Vasa moved his court from Kraków to Warsaw in 1596. After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, Warsaw was incorporated into the Kingdom of Prussia. In 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars, the city became the official capital of the Grand Duchy of Warsaw, a puppet state of the First French Empire established by Napoleon Bonaparte. In accordance with the decisions of the Congress of Vienna, the Russian Empire annexed Warsaw in 1815 and it became part of the Congress Kingdom. Only in 1918 did it regain independence from the foreign rule and emerge as a new capital of the independent Republic of Poland. The German invasion in 1939, the massacre of the Jewish population and deportations to concentration camps led to the uprising in the Warsaw ghetto in 1943 and to the major and devastating Warsaw Uprising between August and October 1944. Warsaw gained the title of the Phoenix City because it has survived many wars, conflicts and invasions throughout its long history. Most notably, the city required painstaking rebuilding after the extensive damage it suffered in World War II, which destroyed 85% of its buildings. On 9 November 1940, the city was awarded Poland's highest military decoration for heroism, the Virtuti Militari, during the Siege of Warsaw (1939).
The city is the seat of a Roman Catholic archdiocese (left bank of the Vistula) and diocese (right bank), and possesses various universities, most notably the Polish Academy of Sciences and the University of Warsaw, two opera houses, theatres, museums, libraries and monuments. The historic city-centre of Warsaw with its picturesque Old Town in 1980 was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Other main architectural attractions include the Castle Square with the Royal Castle and the iconic King Sigismund's Column, St. John's Cathedral, Market Square, palaces, churches and mansions all displaying a richness of colour and architectural detail. Buildings represent examples of nearly every European architectural style and historical period. Warsaw provides many examples of architecture from the gothic, renaissance, baroque and neoclassical periods, and around a quarter of the city is filled with luxurious parks and royal gardens.Wikipedia
Most brilliant moves series : Veselin Topalov vs Alexei Shirov 1998 - Bishop Endgame - Brilliancy
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Veselin Topalov vs Alexey Shirov
It (cat.21) 1998 · Gruenfeld Defense: Exchange Variation (D85)
Who is Alexei Shirov ?
Alexei Shirov (Russian: Алексей Дми́триевич Ши́ров, romanized: Alexey Dmitrievich Shirov, Latvian: Aleksejs Širovs; born 4 July 1972) is a Latvian and Spanish chess player. He was awarded the title of Grandmaster by FIDE in 1990. Shirov was ranked number two in the world in 1994.[1]
He won a match against Vladimir Kramnik in 1998 to qualify to play as challenger for the classical world championship match with Garry Kasparov. However it never took place for lack of sponsorship.
Career
Shirov became the world under-16 champion in 1988 and was the runner-up at the World Junior Championship in 1990 (second on tiebreaks to Ilya Gurevich). In the same year, he achieved the title of Grandmaster. Shirov is the winner of numerous international tournaments: Biel 1991, Madrid 1997 (shared first place with Veselin Topalov), Ter Apel 1997, Monte Carlo 1998, Mérida 2000, Paul Keres Memorial Rapid Tournament in Tallinn (2004, 2005, 2011,[2] 2012,[3] 2013),[4] Canadian Open Chess Championship 2005.
In 1998 Shirov's ranking rose to number four in the world. On the basis of his rating, he was invited to play a ten-game match against Vladimir Kramnik to select a challenger for World Champion Garry Kasparov. Shirov won the match with two wins, no losses and seven draws.[5] However, the plans for the Kasparov match fell through when sufficient financial backing could not be found. When Kasparov instead played Kramnik for the world title in 2000, Shirov maintained that the match was invalid and he was the rightful challenger.[6]
In 2000, Shirov reached the final of the FIDE World Chess Championship, losing 3½–½ to Viswanathan Anand.
In May–June 2007 he played in the Candidates Tournament of the FIDE World Chess Championship 2007. He won his first round match against Michael Adams (+1−1=4, won in rapid playoff), but was eliminated when he lost his second round match to Levon Aronian (+0−1=5).
In November–December 2007 Shirov played in the Chess World Cup 2007. He made the final, but lost the final 2½–1½ to Gata Kamsky.
In May 2009, Alexei Shirov won the category 21 M-Tel Masters 2009 tournament, held in Sofia, Bulgaria.
In September 2010, Shirov participated in the Grand Slam Chess Masters preliminary tournament in Shanghai, where he faced world No. 4 Levon Aronian, world No. 5 Vladimir Kramnik, and Wang Hao; the top two scorers qualified for the Grand Slam final supertournament from October 9 to 15 in Bilbao against world No. 1 Magnus Carlsen and World Champion Viswanathan Anand.[7] After drawing his first two games, Shirov then won three consecutive games, including his first victory over Kramnik since 2003.[8] Finishing with 4½/6 points, Shirov won the tournament, qualifying along with Kramnik for the Grand Slam final.[9]
In May 2011, Shirov won a strong round-robin tournament in Lublin, Poland, the 3rd Lublin Union Memorial 2011 with a score of 5/7.[10] In December 2011, he switched back federations from Spain to Latvia.[11]
In February 2012, Shirov won the Aivars Gipslis Memorial in Riga with 8 points out of 9.[12] In June 2012 Shirov won the Buenos Aires Masters Tournament (category 13) with 5½/7.
In August 2013, he played in the Chess World Cup. He won his first round match against Hou Yifan,[13] and was eliminated when he lost his second round match to Wei Yi. In August 2015, Shirov won the 5th Riga Technical University Open edging out Robert ...
...
Playing style
Shirov is one of the greatest tactical players and is noted for his attacking style and often excels in complications, a tendency which has led to comparisons with fellow Latvian and former world champion, Mikhail Tal, under whom he studied in his youth.[citation needed] Shirov is also a fantastic endgame player.
Illustrative game
Topalov vs. Shirov, 1998...
Position after 47...Bh3!! This move is placed number one in John Emms' book The Most Amazing Chess Moves of All Time.
During the 1998 Linares chess tournament Shirov played Black against future FIDE world champion Veselin Topalov and won by sacrificing his only piece in a bishop and pawn ending:
1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 4.cxd5 Nxd5 5.e4 Nxc3 6.bxc3 Bg7 7.Bb5+ c6 8.Ba4 0-0 9.Ne2 Nd7 10.0-0 e5 11.f3 Qe7 12.Be3 Rd8 13.Qc2 Nb6 14.Bb3 Be6 15.Rad1 Nc4 16.Bc1 b5 17.f4 exd4 18.Nxd4 Bg4 19.Rde1 Qc5 20.Kh1 a5 21.h3 Bd7 22.a4 bxa4 23.Ba2 Be8 24.e5 Nb6 25.f5 Nd5 26.Bd2 Nb4 27.Qxa4 Nxa2 28.Qxa2 Bxe5 29.fxg6 hxg6 30.Bg5 Rd5 31.Re3 Qd6 32.Qe2 Bd7 33.c4 Bxd4 34.cxd5 Bxe3 35.Qxe3 Re8 36.Qc3 Qxd5 37.Bh6 Re5 38.Rf3 Qc5 39.Qa1 Bf5 40.Re3 f6 41.Rxe5 Qxe5 42.Qa2+ Qd5 43.Qxd5+ cxd5 44.Bd2 a4 45.Bc3 Kf7 46.h4 Ke6 47.Kg1 Bh3!! (diagram) 48.gxh3 Kf5 49.Kf2 Ke4 50.Bxf6 d4 51.Be7 Kd3 52.Bc5 Kc4 53.Be7 Kb3 0–1[18]
Alexey Shirov Fire on Board! - Top 10 Amazing Chess Sacrifices of all time!
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In 1963 Botvinnik founded his own school within the Soviet coaching system, and its graduates include world champions Anatoly Karpov, Garry Kasparov and Vladimir Kramnik, and other top-class players such as Alexei Shirov, Vladimir Akopian and Jaan Ehlvest.[85][8
Who is Shirov?
Alexei Shirov (Russian: Алексей Дми́триевич Ши́ров, romanized: Alexey Dmitrievich Shirov, Latvian: Aleksejs Širovs; born 4 July 1972) is a Latvian and Spanish chess player. He was awarded the title of Grandmaster by FIDE in 1990. Shirov was ranked number two in the world in 1994.[1]
He won a match against Vladimir Kramnik in 1998 to qualify to play as challenger for the classical world championship match with Garry Kasparov. However it never took place for lack of sponsorship.
Career
Shirov became the world under-16 champion in 1988 and was the runner-up at the World Junior Championship in 1990 (second on tiebreaks to Ilya Gurevich). In the same year, he achieved the title of Grandmaster. Shirov is the winner of numerous international tournaments: Biel 1991, Madrid 1997 (shared first place with Veselin Topalov), Ter Apel 1997, Monte Carlo 1998, Mérida 2000, Paul Keres Memorial Rapid Tournament in Tallinn (2004, 2005, 2011,[2] 2012,[3] 2013),[4] Canadian Open Chess Championship 2005.
In 1998 Shirov's ranking rose to number four in the world. On the basis of his rating, he was invited to play a ten-game match against Vladimir Kramnik to select a challenger for World Champion Garry Kasparov. Shirov won the match with two wins, no losses and seven draws.[5] However, the plans for the Kasparov match fell through when sufficient financial backing could not be found. When Kasparov instead played Kramnik for the world title in 2000, Shirov maintained that the match was invalid and he was the rightful challenger.[6]
In 2000, Shirov reached the final of the FIDE World Chess Championship, losing 3½–½ to Viswanathan Anand.
In May–June 2007 he played in the Candidates Tournament of the FIDE World Chess Championship 2007. He won his first round match against Michael Adams (+1−1=4, won in rapid playoff), but was eliminated when he lost his second round match to Levon Aronian (+0−1=5).
In November–December 2007 Shirov played in the Chess World Cup 2007. He made the final, but lost the final 2½–1½ to Gata Kamsky.
In May 2009, Alexei Shirov won the category 21 M-Tel Masters 2009 tournament, held in Sofia, Bulgaria.
In September 2010, Shirov participated in the Grand Slam Chess Masters preliminary tournament in Shanghai, where he faced world No. 4 Levon Aronian, world No. 5 Vladimir Kramnik, and Wang Hao; the top two scorers qualified for the Grand Slam final supertournament from October 9 to 15 in Bilbao against world No. 1 Magnus Carlsen and World Champion Viswanathan Anand.[7] After drawing his first two games, Shirov then won three consecutive games, including his first victory over Kramnik since 2003.[8] Finishing with 4½/6 points, Shirov won the tournament, qualifying along with Kramnik for the Grand Slam final.[9]
In May 2011, Shirov won a strong round-robin tournament in Lublin, Poland, the 3rd Lublin Union Memorial 2011 with a score of 5/7.[10] In December 2011, he switched back federations from Spain to Latvia.[11]
In February 2012, Shirov won the Aivars Gipslis Memorial in Riga with 8 points out of 9.[12] In June 2012 Shirov won the Buenos Aires Masters Tournament (category 13) with 5½/7.
In August 2013, he played in the Chess World Cup. He won his first round match against Hou Yifan,[13] and was eliminated when he lost his second round match to Wei Yi. In August 2015, Shirov won the 5th Riga Technical University Open edging out Robert Hovhannisyan on tiebreak score, after both players finished on 7½/9.[14] In March 2017, Shirov won the Mikhail Tal Memorial blitz tournament in Jūrmala scoring 9½/11 points.[15]
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Wołyńskie Piekło Część 2 Polska Marka Lublin
20 lipca 2016 roku ekipa Polskiej Marki wybrała się do Chełma. Dzięki pomocy pana Krzysztofa Kołtuna i jego Antykwariatu Kresowego udało nam się dotrzeć do świadków wołyńskiej tragedii.
Montaż: Małgorzata Cymińska
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Kupując u nas wspierasz lokalny patriotyzm i przyczyniasz się do kontynuowania naszej działalności by historia Polski i jej bohaterów nie została zapomniana.
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Polish PM in Ukraine: Poroshenko says he’s ready to sign ceasefire agreement at 'any minute'
Ukraine’s President Petro Poroshenko has met with Poland's Prime Minister Ewa Kopacz in Kyiv where he said that his country is ready to sign a ceasefire agreement with insurgents fighting in the east 'at any minute' if all the points of the Minsk peace agreement are fulfilled.
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POLAND: Lublin & Krakow. Путешествие в Польшу: Люблин и Краков
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Open EC-2016, 1 round Fredrik Johansson (Sweden, aka) - Antanas Klibaviicus (Lithuania)
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1 round / 1 круг
26.11.2016 Open Weight European Karate Championships Sofia 2016 (WKO ShinKyokushinkai)
Абсолютный Чемпионат Европы по киокушинкай / шинкиокушинкай карате. София, Болгария, 26.11.2016
Polish Day 2018, Opening Ceremony
Polish Culture & Heritage Day in Port Coquitlam, part 1.
Welcome to our 13th Polish Culture & Heritage Days. (It is 13th but still lucky because we have sunshine again????) - said Antoni Kostka - President of Polonez Tri-City Polish Association. This year is special because it is also the 100th anniversary of Poland regaining independence, so we are especially excited to share our culture with you. I’m proud to say that our Festival is under the patronage of the Consulate of the Republic of Poland and the City of Port Coquitlam. We really appreciate both our Consulate’s and the City’s of Port Coquitlam continuous support over the years.
Ukrainian beautiful city Rivne
Rivne first appeared in 1283 in one of the settlements of Halkich-Volhynia in Poland, Rocznik kapituły krakowskiej. After the split of the Galicia-Volhynia Kingdom after the Galicia-Volhynia wars, it was under the domination of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and in 1434 the Grand Duke of Lithuania Švitrigaila Lutsk agreed to settle in the noble Dychko. 1461 Dychko sold the settlement. Prince Semen Nesvizh died in 1479 and passed to his wife Maria, who began searching for the princess of Rovno. In 1481, the settlement was built as a great residence by building a fortress on a local river island. Poland managed to obtain Magdeburg rights from the King of Jagiellon. After his death in 1518, the city passed over to the princes of Ostrog and lost its status as a noble residence and refused.
In 1566, the town of Rovno became part of the newly founded Volhynian Voivodeship. Following the Lublin Union in 1569, he was transferred from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania to the King of Poland. The city was kept privately by the nobility (Ostrogski and Lubomirski families). After the Second Division of Poland in 1793, Rivne became part of the Russian Empire, and in 1797 it was declared the town of Uyghur (Volodynian).
During World War I and shortly thereafter during the chaos, it was briefly under German, Ukrainian, Bolshevik and Polish rule. In April-May 1919, Rivne served as the temporary capital of the People's Republic of Ukraine. At the end of April 1919, one of the Ukrainian military leaders, Volodymyr Oskilko tried to hold a coup against Petiniura's Index and the Borys Martos cabinet and replace them with Yevhen Petrushevych and the president of Ukraine. In Rivne, Oskilko managed to retain most cabinet ministers, including Martos, but at that time Petliura was in neighboring Zdolbuniv and managed to stop Oskicho's efforts. As a result of the conflict, in accordance with the Riga Peace Treaty of 1921, it became part of the Polish Volhynya Voivodeship, which lasted until World War II.
In 1939, as a result of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and the division of Poland, Rivne was occupied by the Soviet Union. From December of the same year, Rivne became the center of the newly established Rivne Oblast within the Ukrainian SSR.
On June 28, 1941, Rivne was captured by Nazi Germany, which later founded the city as the administrative center of the Reichskommissariat of Ukraine. At that time, about half of Rivne's inhabitants were Jewish; Approximately 23,000 of them were taken to a pine grove in Sosenki and killed between 6 and 8 November. During the same period, German actors Olaf Bach flew into the city for morale and support for the German forces. troops. He stayed in Rivne from 8th November to 13th. A ghetto was established for the remaining 5,000 Jews. In July 1942, the population was sent to Kostopil, where he was killed, 70 km (43 miles) north; The ghetto was then liquidated. Later, a memorial complex of 20,000 square meters was established to commemorate the murder of 17,500 Jews during the Holocaust. On June 6, 2012, during World War II, the Jewish grave area was alleged to be part of an anti-Semitic action.
On February 2, 1944, the city was liberated by the Red Army during the Battle of Rovno and remained part of Soviet Ukraine until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
In 1958, the television tower began broadcasting in the city; In 1969 the first tram crossed the city; In 1969, Rivne airport was opened. In 1983, the city celebrated its 700th anniversary.
According to the rules of Ukrainian orthography, on 11 June 1991, the Ukrainian parliament was officially changed to Rivne, previously known as Rovno.
#Ровно #українськийРівне #Рівне
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In Poland, simmering anti-LGBTQ sentiment boils over into violence
A mob of right-wing Poles has attacked a pride march in the town of Bialystok, one of several areas declaring themselves to be LGBTQ-free. The incident represents the realization of the fears of the U.S. ambassador to Poland, Georgette Mosbacher, who worried a conservative Polish newspaper's pledge to distribute anti-gay stickers would stoke violence. Special correspondent Malcolm Brabant reports.
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Polish Studio (2010-11-27) - Unveiling in Poland of the Largest Statue of Christ the King
Polish Studio (2010-11-27) - Unveiling in Poland of the Largest Statue of Christ the King
Historia Ukrainy (z napisami i tłumaczeniem)
o Krymie:
39:43 Kozacy pomogli Rosji wygrać Krym z Turcji
56:55 Donbass 2:16:28 Krym zostaje przeniesiony na Ukrainę
o Rosji 12:46 / 31:16
???????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ????????????????: 1:47:38
NARODZINY NARODU (2008) Jerzy Hoffman
1:34 Kijów (401-500)
2:16 Bizancjum (330-1453)
2:45 Księżniczka Olga (890 - 969) akceptuje chrześcijaństwo
3:28 Chersonese
4:06 Wołodymyr Wielki (958 - 1015)
4:29 Jarosław Mądry (978-1054)
4:39 Katedra Św. Zofii (1100)
5:31 Anna - królowa Francji (1030-1075)
18:41 Vladimir Monomakh (1053-1125)
7:20 Yu Dolgoruky (1099-1157)
7:26 Moskwa
7:37 Mongołowie
10:16 Księstwo Gal-Vol lub Królestwo Rosji
10:49 Lwów
Termin MALOROSCIA: początek XIV wieku
12:37 Iwan III Grozny (1440-1505)
12:46 Mit o Rosji
13:07 Krym
13:53 Roksolana (1502 - 1558)
15:20 Polskie pańszczyzna
17:14 Zaporizhzhya Sich
18:33 UKR zmienia nazwę RUS
18:40 Kozak
20:15 Brest Union
20:18 Unici - wschodni katolicy Kościoła
21:08 Hetman Sagaidachny (1570 - 1622)
23:05 Prawosławie
23:28 Jestem Vishnevetsky (1612 - 1651)
23:31 Katolicyzm
24:54 B Chmielnicki (1595 - 1657)
30:04 Perejasław Rada 1654
34:39 I Mazepa (1639 - 1709)
37:06 Bitwa pod Połtawą (1709)
40:11 Sycz w Zaporożu (1552-1709)
40:27 Solovki
- Rewolucja Franza (1789)
48:18 jest zabronione przez Kościół greckokatolicki
48:49 Uniwersytet Kijowski (1833)
50:55 T. Shevchenko (1814 - 1861) (47 lat)
54:57 niebiesko-żółta flaga
55:45 Bractwo Cyryla i Metodego
56:32 ruch wyzwolenia narodowego
56:55 Krymska wojna (1853-1856)
57:07 Aleksander II (1818 - 1881) znosi poddaństwo
57:26 Donieck (1868)
58:56 Zielony klin
59:23 W Antonowiczu (1834 - 1908)
59:28 M Drahomanov (1841-1895)
1:00:42 L Ukrainka (1871 - 1913) (42 lata)
1:02:13 NTSh (1873)
1:11:03 M Grushevsky
1:03:27 I Franco (1856 - 1916)
1:04:22 Historia Ukr-Rus
1:04:49 Metropolitan A Sheptytsky (1865 - 1944) świadomość narodowa na emigracji
1:06:31 Pierwsza wojna światowa z 1914 roku
1:07:32 Dontsov (1883 - 1973)
1:07:57 (1914) Rosyjska okupacja
1:11:24 Z Petliurą
1:11:24 Zah-ukr Nara Response ZUNR
1:19:27 Ukr Galicyjska Armia
1:30:48 Ros. głód (1921)
1:41:21 HOLODOMOR (1932-1933) 11 000 000 ofiar
1:45:55 (1937-1938) zostały wykonane aresztowania - Gułag
1:46:54 niszczenie ukr ident
1:49:11 Ukr Sojusz Narodów Demokratycznych (UNDO)
1:42:20 Strzelec Ukr Sich
1:50:49 (UFO) Ukr Army Org (Praga) Istnieją Konovalety
1:51:19 D Dontsov - ideolog z ukr. nacjonalizm
1:52:00 (młodzież) UWO jest członkiem -: Org Ukr Nat (OUN)
1:52:52 (w Polsce w 1933 r.) Wraz z Banderą zostaje szefem OUN
1:55:03 I Wołoszyn
1:55:27 Upadek Karpaty-Ukrainy dzieli OUN na dwie frakcje: Melnikovtsev i Banderivtsi 1:56:11
Druga wojna światowa (1939-1945)
1:59:17 ślady NKWD - Batalion Nachtigall (słowika-Bandera) 1:51:43 Niezależny Ukr. Państwo
1:44:50 Bandera (1909 - 1959)
1:53:42 Babin Yar
1:55:40 Wojna partyzancka
1:44:01 Organizacja nacjonalistów Ukr (OUN)
1:57:42 Roman Szuachewicz
1:58:37 Wołyń
1:58:57 UPA - Ukraińska Armia Powstańcza
2:00:04 czystki etniczne (1943)
2:02:32 SS Dywizja Galicyjska
1:39:56 RUSIN zmienia termin ukraiński
2:06:14 Gułag 2:06:31 Jałta
2:10:30 Operacja Wisła
2:12:00 Anulowanie Kościoła greckokatolickiego
1:49:25 aneksja Zach Ukr
2:16:33 Powrót Krymu na Ukrainę
2:18:25 Odwilż (1950-1960)
2:30:09 (26 kwietnia 1986) - Katastrofa w Czarnobylu
2:35:30 Ruch
2:37:29 (1991) Niezależność
2:50:29 Pomarańczowa rewolucja (2004)
Liberation of Concentration Camp by Soviet troops
The Majdanek extermination camp in Lublin was liberated by Soviet troops on July 23, 1944; it was the first of many Nazi concentration camps to be liberated by the Allies.
Shortly after Majdanek was liberated, a documentary film was made by the Russians. This movie was shown at the Majdanek Memorial Site in the Visitor's Center when I visited in October 1998. There are scenes in the movie which show some of the 1,500 surviving prisoners, mostly men who are not cheering the liberators, as shown in the photograph above. Although the survivors do not look emaciated, most of the men shown in the movie were on crutches or had missing feet and were walking on stumps. The movie had no explanation for this strange circumstance, but I later learned from the Museum guidebook that in early 1943, there was a hospital set up in Field II at Majdanek for wounded Russian soldiers who had been POWs, but had defected after their capture and were then wounded in fighting on the side of the Nazis against Communism.
In anticipation of the arrival of Soviet troops, the Nazis had evacuated 15,000 prisoners in March and April 1944, transporting them westward by train to Auschwitz, Gross-Rosen, Ravensbrück, Natzweiler, Mauthausen, Lodz or Plaszow. The last 1,000 prisoners were marched off on foot only the day before the liberation. The Russian defectors were left behind because they were not able to join the death march out of the camp.
The Russian soldiers who had defected were taken to camps in the Soviet Union after their liberation, and one can imagine their fate. Other Russian defectors who had joined the German army were taken prisoner by the Allies during the war and sent to POW camps in America. World War II was more of an ideological war between the Communists and the Fascists than a war between nations, which accounts for large numbers of Russian soldiers who switched sides and fought on the side of the Nazis.
Besides these invalid soldiers, the only other survivors left behind at Majdanek were Polish peasants from the immediate area. According to a Museum booklet, a large percentage of the inmates at Majdanek were rural people or peasants. Some of these Polish civilians had been imprisoned as resistance fighters after they had been ejected from their homes as part of the German plan to colonize Poland, which the Nazis referred to as the German east. Others were from Byelorussia, a province of the Soviet Union known to Americans as White Russia, where women and children were taken prisoner in reprisal for heavy partisan fighting in that area. The Polish peasants were not shown among the survivors in the movie because they had taken the opportunity to escape while the Germans and the Russians were fighting a last-ditch battle for the city of Lublin, which lasted for two days.
The Polish Home Army, a partisan group, joined the Russian soldiers in the battle to free Lublin from Nazi occupation. The photo below shows some of the Polish Home Army soldiers, including three who had escaped from Majdanek after they had been imprisoned for fighting as partisans.
Memorial service for the exterminated Jews of Bilgforaj.
Bilgoraj was a small Town with a large Jewish community, the town is located in south-eastern Poland situated in Lublin Voivodeship and has today 27,000 inhabitants, Bilgoraj was set on fire in 1939 and was burnt and attacked from the air by the German. Most of the Jewish population was sent to Belzec and Midanek and were exterminated; hundreds of Jews were murdered by the Nazi soldiers and collaborators in the Town's streets. Bilgoraj had a ghetto until 1942. The ghetto was liquidated in 2nd November 1942. In this film, taken by the local television, one can see the memorial Town's and the local Zinger Association's service to the Bilgoraj Jewish victims.
[Israel Bar-On]