Luoyang 360 degree active stereo 3D cinema
Largest 360 degree active stereo 3D cinema in the world. The Sui and Tang Dynasties Luoyang City National Ruins Park in Luoyang
Emperor: Rise of the Middle Kingdom - Han Dynasty - New Capital at Luoyang
Emperor: Rise of the Middle Kingdom - Han Dynasty - New Capital at Luoyang - Walkthrough Gameplay PC
Difficulty: Hard
~ Episode goals:
- Population of 4000
- 120 people in Impressive Compound or better
- 2500 people in Ornate Apartment or better
~ Episode briefing:
- Disastrous flooding of the Yellow River, and subsequent famine during the reign of the now-deposed usurper Wang Mang, caused upheaval throughout the empire. The royal tumuli at Chang-an were sacked, and the city left in ruins. Guang Wu Di, the new emperor and legitimate heir to the Han throne, has decreed that a new Han capital must be established further east at Luoyang.
In the early days of Chang-an, your ancestor nobly served the renowned Emperor Wu Di as city administrator. Our sagacious new emperor now calls upon you, to see if you possess the same shrewd administrative and planning skills as your esteemed ancestor. Furthermore, trade along the Silk Road must be resumed forthwith, as a distant empire's thirst for our luxurious silk is hard to quench. Meanwhile, our northern border remains a problem, as the wily Xiongnu are quick to take advantage of our recent internal strife. Trusted generals predict that barbarians raids targeting border cities should not be unexpected.
Any spare hours the citizens might have can now be spent relaxing in lovely Tai Chi parks. Paying homage to Zao Jun, a respected Daoist deity, could provide important benefits to the growing city. Lastly, remain cautious of the dangerous and unpredictable waters.
~ Victory:
- Traders that have traveled the perilous Silk Road make mention of a great city called 'Roma' in a far distant empire. But the grandeur of that, and all other barbarian cities, surely pales in comparison to the splendor and magnitude of the new Han capital at Luoyang.
Legalism (Chinese philosophy)
Dating back to early China, the Chinese term Legalism in its broad usage refers to the historical Realpolitik of the Chinese, also termed by scholars as Chinese Realism. It was not a formal school, but a body of thought assessing common problems, usually concerning administration. The spirit of it's content may be readily recognized by western viewers through one of it's kindred, the Warring States period's Art of War. The academic term Realist is used more broadly to refer to any reformer or politico of Chinese history with a politically realistic, rather than only idealist Confucian bent. In the broader Confucian-dominated history most Realists could naturally be expected to be both, but during the Warring States period some such texts would be almost purely Realpolitikal. The old Realpolitik is viewed today as having worked to advance China's historically unitary state beyond feudalism.
Starting in the Spring and Autumn period, a trend of realistic reformers were taken on to advance the material interest of their respective states, with the Qin state founding what is commonly thought of as the first Chinese Empire, the Qin dynasty, in 221 BCE, ending China's Warring States period. Late Qin reformers would adopt an openly avowed, expansive rule by law, founding the Chinese Imperial State. Both would remain a matter of contention until the era of modern national identity and reform, following such impetus as the nomad dynasties and the Opium Wars. Though professing hatred thereof, the Qin administration would be inherited by the Han dynasty almost intact as necessary in running the large and complex territory, but with a relaxation of penalties. The administrative developments of the period continued to influence every dynasty thereafter.
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Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
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Xi'an, China
Xi'an is the capital of Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China. In 202 BC, the founding emperor Liu Bang of the Han dynasty established his capital in Chang'an County; his first palace, Changle Palace (長樂宮, Perpetual Happiness) was built across the river from the ruin of the Qin capital. This is traditionally regarded as the founding date of Chang'an. Two years later, Liu Bang built Weiyang Palace (未央宮, Not-Yet-Halfway Palace) north of modern Xi'an. Weiyang Palace was the largest palace ever built on Earth, covering 4.8 square kilometres (1,200 acres), which is 6.7 times the size of the current Forbidden City and 11 times the size of the Vatican City.[21] The original Xi'an city wall was started in 194 BC and took 4 years to finish. Upon completion, the wall measured 25.7 km (15.97 mi) in length and 12 to 16 m (39.37–52.49 ft) in thickness at the base, enclosing an area of 36 km2 (13.90 sq mi). In the year 190, amidst uprisings and rebellions just prior to the Three Kingdoms Period, a powerful warlord named Dong Zhuo moved the court from Luoyang to Chang'an in a bid to avoid a coalition of other powerful warlords against him.
Following several hundred years of unrest, the Sui dynasty united China again in 582. The emperor of Sui ordered a new capital to be built southeast of the Han capital, called Daxing. It consisted of three sections: the Imperial City, the palace section, and the civilian section, with a total area of 84 km2 (32 sq mi) within the city walls. At the time, it was the largest city in the world. The city was renamed Chang'an by the Tang Dynasty.[22] In the mid-7th century, after returning from his pilgrimage to India, the Buddhist monk Xuanzang established a translation centre for Sanskrit scriptures.
Construction of the Great Wild Goose Pagoda began in 652. This pagoda was 64 m (209.97 ft) in height, and was built to store the translations of Buddhist sutras obtained from India by Xuanzang. In 707, construction of the Small Wild Goose Pagoda began. This pagoda measured 45 m (147.64 ft) tall at the time of completion, and was built to store the translations of Buddhist sutras by Yijing. The massive 1556 Shaanxi earthquake eventually damaged the tower and reduced its height to 43.4 m (142.39 ft).[23]
Chang'an was devastated at the end of the Tang dynasty in 904. Residents were forced to move to the new capital city in Luoyang. Only a small area in the city continued to be occupied thereafter. During the Ming dynasty, a new wall was constructed in 1370 and remains intact to this day. The wall measures 11.9 km (7.4 mi) in circumference, 12 m (39.37 ft) in height, and 15 to 18 m (49.21–59.06 ft) in thickness at the base; a moat was also built outside the walls. The new wall and moat would protect a much smaller city of 12 km2 (4.6 sq mi).
2018 China: Zhangbi Ancient Village
Zhangbi Ancient Village, also known as Zhangbi Ancient Castle, is an ancient multi-functional castle, combining military, residential, productive, and religious functions into a little-known small-scale locale.
The castle was built in 617 AD at an altitude of 1,040 meters (3,412 feet) above sea level. It has a total circumference of 1,300 meters (4,265 feet) and an area of 2,000 square meters (3 acres).
The village is home to historic relics and monuments, including remains from the Xia (2070–1600 BC) and Shang (1600–1046 BC) dynasties and underground tunnels from the Sui (581–618) and Tang (618–907) dynasties.
What's more, it also retains tombs from the Jin Dynasty (1115–1234), theater stages from the Yuan Dynasty (1279–1368), and residences from the Ming (1368–1644) and Qing (1636–1911) dynasties.
Along the streets stand elegant shops and quaint houses. Among all the precious relics, the tunnels of the Sui and Tang dynasties, the Liu Wuzhou Temple, and glazed steles are types that are rarely seen of their kind in China.
Underneath this ancient village is an amazing underground tunnel network. These hidden underground tunnels were actually the entire defense system of Zhangbi Ancient Village. The tunnel system is divided into three layers and the total length of it reaches 3,000 meters. The top layer is only 1 meter (3 feet) deep from the ground, the middle is 8 to 10 meters (26–32 feet) deep, and the bottom is 17 to 20 meters (55–65 feet) deep.
Walking in the secret tunnels, visitors might feel like they are entering a labyrinth. Its passages hide mangers, kilns, caves, wells, grain silos, flood-prevention facilities, wall-hole communication facilities, and assassination devices, which all dye the castle in a color of mystery.
【1080P良心画质】English sub《大明宫》-第二集丹凤朝阳 Chinese Documentary Daming Palace Episode02
UP主红烧小羊排 这一集各种截图美爆!!!喜欢的可以去看第一集 我也传了的 记得调到最高画质 虽然YouTube说是720啥的 但这个其实是1080画质
Sui dynasty | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Sui dynasty
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Sui dynasty (Chinese: 隋朝; pinyin: Suí cháo) was a short-lived imperial dynasty of China of pivotal significance. The Sui unified the Northern and Southern dynasties and reinstalled the rule of ethnic Han Chinese in the entirety of China proper, along with sinicization of former nomadic ethnic minorities (the Five Barbarians) within its territory. It was succeeded by the Tang dynasty, which largely inherited its foundation.
Founded by Emperor Wen of Sui, the Sui dynasty capital was Chang'an (which was renamed Daxing, 581–605) and later Luoyang (605–618). Emperors Wen and Yang undertook various centralized reforms, most notably the equal-field system, intended to reduce economic inequality and improve agricultural productivity; the institution of the Three Departments and Six Ministries system; and the standardization and re-unification of the coinage. They also spread and encouraged Buddhism throughout the empire. By the middle of the dynasty, the newly unified empire entered a golden age of prosperity with vast agricultural surplus that supported rapid population growth.
A lasting legacy of the Sui dynasty was the Grand Canal. With the eastern capital Luoyang at the center of the network, it linked the west-lying capital Chang'an to the economic and agricultural centers of the east towards Hangzhou, and to the northern border near modern Beijing. While the pressing initial motives were for shipment of grains to the capital, and for transporting troops and military logistics, the reliable inland shipment links would facilitate domestic trades, flow of people and cultural exchange for centuries. Along with the extension of the Great Wall, and the construction of the eastern capital city of Luoyang, these mega projects, led by an efficient centralized bureaucracy, would amass millions of conscripted workers from the large population base, at heavy cost of human lives.
After a series of costly and disastrous military campaigns against Goguryeo, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, ended in defeat by 614, the dynasty disintegrated under a series of popular revolts culminating in the assassination of Emperor Yang by his ministers in 618. The dynasty, which lasted only thirty-seven years, was undermined by ambitious wars and construction projects, which overstretched its resources. Particularly, under Emperor Yang, heavy taxation and compulsory labor duties would eventually induce widespread revolts and brief civil war following the fall of the dynasty.
The dynasty is often compared to the earlier Qin dynasty for unifying China after prolonged division. Wide-ranging reforms and construction projects were undertaken to consolidate the newly unified state, with long-lasting influences beyond their short dynastic reigns.
Nanjing
Nanjing ( listen; Chinese: 南京; pinyin: Nánjīng; Wade–Giles: Nan-ching) is the capital of Jiangsu province in Eastern China. It has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having been the capital of China for several periods. Its present name means Southern Capital and was widely romanized as Nankin and Nanking until the pinyin language reform, after which Nanjing was gradually adopted as the standard spelling of the city's name in most languages that use the Roman alphabet.
Located in the lower Yangtze River drainage basin and Yangtze River Delta economic zone, Nanjing has long been one of China's most important cities. Having been the capital city of six different dynasties since 3 A.D., it is recognized as one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China. It was the capital of Wu during the Three Kingdoms Period, and the capital of the Republic of China prior to its flight to Taiwan during the Chinese Civil War. Nanjing is also one of the fifteen sub-provincial cities in the People's Republic of China's administrative structure, enjoying jurisdictional and economic autonomy only slightly less than that of a province. Nanjing has long been a national centre of education, research, transport networks and tourism. The city will host the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
Emperor: Rise of the Middle Kingdom - Han Dynasty - Golden City of Gaodi
Emperor: Rise of the Middle Kingdom - Han Dynasty - Golden City of Gaodi - Walkthrough Gameplay PC
~ Episode goals:
- Population of 3000
- 32 Months of Heroes
- Yearly profit of 4500
~ Episode briefing:
- Humble administrator: your loyal service to the defunct Qin Empire, while misdirected, was quite efficient and most honorable. Our new emperor, the virtuous Gaodi, respects efficiency and honesty, which is why he wisely requests that you, as an experienced city administrator, lay out the plan of the new Han capital. Here on the banks of the River Wei, near the ruins of the ancient Zhou capital of Hao, we will establish Chang-an -- capital of the great Han Empire.
Spare no expense! It must be an impressive city. Reflective ponds can now provide beautiful places of peace and solitude for our citizens. Ensure that the people pay generous homage, and the new city will be duly rewarded with rich blessings. Sadly, famine and starvation are a problem throughout the empire, as the cruel warfare that preceded the founding of the Han Dynasty ruined many farms and left even more homeless. Requests for food are believed to be imminent.
Meanwhile, in the nearby hills, lodes of copper and iron await our miners' arrival. All the while you must not ignore threats to the empire, for the aggressive Xiongnu still threaten the northern borderlands. It seems, however, that the barbarians have finally begun to appreciate the fineries of silk. Some might call it extortion, but fulfilling their requests may appease them.
~ Victory:
- Emperor Gaodi is very pleased with the attention and detail you have devoted to getting his glittering new Han capital built and functioning. An admirable job!
Sui dynasty | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Sui dynasty
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Sui dynasty (Chinese: 隋朝; pinyin: Suí cháo) was a short-lived imperial dynasty of China of pivotal significance. The Sui unified the Northern and Southern dynasties and reinstalled the rule of ethnic Han Chinese in the entirety of China proper, along with sinicization of former nomadic ethnic minorities (the Five Barbarians) within its territory. It was succeeded by the Tang dynasty, which largely inherited its foundation.
Founded by Emperor Wen of Sui, the Sui dynasty capital was Chang'an (which was renamed Daxing, 581–605) and later Luoyang (605–618). Emperors Wen and Yang undertook various centralized reforms, most notably the equal-field system, intended to reduce economic inequality and improve agricultural productivity; the institution of the Three Departments and Six Ministries system; and the standardization and re-unification of the coinage. They also spread and encouraged Buddhism throughout the empire. By the middle of the dynasty, the newly unified empire entered a golden age of prosperity with vast agricultural surplus that supported rapid population growth.
A lasting legacy of the Sui dynasty was the Grand Canal. With the eastern capital Luoyang at the center of the network, it linked the west-lying capital Chang'an to the economic and agricultural centers of the east towards Hangzhou, and to the northern border near modern Beijing. While the pressing initial motives were for shipment of grains to the capital, and for transporting troops and military logistics, the reliable inland shipment links would facilitate domestic trades, flow of people and cultural exchange for centuries. Along with the extension of the Great Wall, and the construction of the eastern capital city of Luoyang, these mega projects, led by an efficient centralized bureaucracy, would amass millions of conscripted workers from the large population base, at heavy cost of human lives.
After a series of costly and disastrous military campaigns against Goguryeo, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, ended in defeat by 614, the dynasty disintegrated under a series of popular revolts culminating in the assassination of Emperor Yang by his ministers in 618. The dynasty, which lasted only thirty-seven years, was undermined by ambitious wars and construction projects, which overstretched its resources. Particularly, under Emperor Yang, heavy taxation and compulsory labor duties would eventually induce widespread revolts and brief civil war following the fall of the dynasty.
The dynasty is often compared to the earlier Qin dynasty for unifying China after prolonged division. Wide-ranging reforms and construction projects were undertaken to consolidate the newly unified state, with long-lasting influences beyond their short dynastic reigns.
Henan
Henan (Chinese: 河南; pinyin: Hénán; Wade–Giles: Ho-nan) is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the central part of the country. Its one-character abbreviation is 豫 (yù), named after Yuzhou (豫州; Yùzhōu), a Han Dynasty state (zhou) that included parts of Henan. Although the name of the province (河南) means south of the river, approximately a quarter of the province lies north of the Yellow River, also known as the Huang He.
Henan is often referred to as Zhongyuan or Zhongzhou (中州) which literally means central plains or midland, although the name is also applied to the entirety of China proper. Henan is the birthplace of Chinese civilization with over 5,000 years of history, and remained China's cultural, economical, and political center until approximately 1,000 years ago. Numerous heritages have been left behind including the ruins of Shang Dynasty capital city Yin and the Shaolin Temple. Four of the Eight Great Ancient Capitals of China, Luoyang, Anyang, Kaifeng, and Zhengzhou are located in Henan.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
Jin dynasty (265–420) | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Jin dynasty (265–420)
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Jin dynasty or the Jin Empire (; Chinese: 晉朝; pinyin: Jìn Cháo, sometimes distinguished as the Sima Jin (司马晋) or Liang Jin) (两晋, Two Jins) was a Chinese dynasty traditionally dated from 266 to 420. It was founded by Sima Yan, son of Sima Zhao, who was made Prince of Jin and posthumously declared the founder of the dynasty. It followed the Three Kingdoms period (220-280 AD), which ended with the conquest of Eastern Wu by the Jin.
There are two main divisions in the history of the dynasty. The Western Jin (266–316) was established as a successor state to Cao Wei after Sima Yan usurped the throne, and had its capital at Luoyang or Chang'an (modern Xi'an); Western Jin reunited China in 280, but fairly shortly thereafter fell into a succession crisis, civil war, and invasion by the Five Barbarians (Wu Hu). The rebels and invaders began to establish new self-proclaimed states in the Yellow River valley in 304, inaugurating the Sixteen Kingdoms era. These states immediately began fighting each other and the Jin Empire, leading to the second division of the dynasty, the Eastern Jin (317–420) when Sima Rui moved the capital to Jiankang (modern Nanjing). The Eastern Jin dynasty was eventually overthrown by the Liu Song.
Chinese Buddhism | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Chinese Buddhism
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Chinese Buddhism or Han Buddhism has shaped Chinese culture in a wide variety of areas including art, politics, literature, philosophy, medicine, and material culture.
The translation of a large body of Indian Buddhist scriptures into Chinese and the inclusion of these translations together with works composed in China into a printed canon had far-reaching implications for the dissemination of Buddhism throughout the Chinese cultural sphere, including Korea, Japan, Taiwan and Vietnam. Chinese Buddhism is also marked by the interaction between Indian religions, Chinese religion, and Taoism.
The Sixty-Eighth A. W. Mellon Lectures in the Fine Arts End as Beginning: Chinese Art and Dynastic
Wu Hung, Harrie A. Vanderstappen Distinguished Service Professor of Art History, University of Chicago. In the six-part lecture series End as Beginning: Chinese Art and Dynastic Time, Wu Hung explores the narratives of Chinese art and their relationship to artistic production while reflecting on a series of questions: How did dynastic time emerge and permeate writings on traditional Chinese art? How did it enrich and redefine itself in specific historical contexts? How did it interact with temporalities in different historical, religious, and political systems? How did narratives based on dynastic time respond to and inspire artistic creation? In the fourth lecture, “Miraculous Icons and Dynastic Time: Narrating Buddhist Images in Medieval China,” delivered on April 28, 2019, Wu Hung examines the introduction of Buddhist art during the Period of Division and the reunification of the Sui and the Tang, when “miraculous icons” became a central subject in both historical narrative and art making, and the concept of dynastic time remained, while its meaning and utility underwent constant negotiation between religious and political authorities.
Prof. Wu Hung Delivers the 2018 Nuveen Lecture
Wu Hung, the Harrie A. Vanderstappen Distinguished Service Professor in Chinese Art History, Director of the Center for the Art of East Asia, and Consulting Curator of the Smart Museum of Art at the University of Chicago, delivers the 2018 Nuveen Lecture at The Divinity School: Miraculous Icons and Dynastic Time: Narrating Buddhist Images in Medieval China.
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CHINA 1: Antigüedad - Xia, Sheng, Zhou y Reinos Combatientes (Documental Historia)
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#Historia #ReinosCombatientes #Documental
CHINA 1: Prehistoria y Antigüedad - Dinastías Xia, Sheng, Zhou y Reinos Combatientes
EPISODIO 70 de PERO ESO ES OTRA HISTORIA (web serie documental)
La historia de China empezaría hace unos 40.000 con la llegada del Homo Sapiens a estas tierras. Esta gente creó culturas neolíticas como la Longshan, que se fueron sedentarizando. Alrededor del año después se funda la primera dinastía de su historia, la Xia, fundada por Yu el Grande, todavía entre la realidad y el mito.
La dinastía Shang se hizo con el control de gran parte del curso medio del río Amarillo, y tras ellos llegaron los Zhou, una dinastía de reyes que gobernarían durante toda la época antigua de China. No fue un periodo fácil, pues tuvieron problemas con tribus nómadas y con otros reinos que fueron apareciendo a su alrededor.
Estas luchas intestinas son conocidas como el periodo de los Reinos Combatientes, y estados como Zhou, Wei, Yue, Han, Qi o Qin se dieron de leches durante años hasta que los últimos, los Qin, liderados por Qin Shi Huang, lograron la supremacía, convirtiéndose este hombre en el primer emperador de China.
---------------
Pero eso es otra Historia es una serie documental semanal emitida a través de Youtube que busca ser un resumen divertido de toda la historia de la humanidad, desde la creación de la Tierra hasta la actualidad. Si buscas curiosidades sobre la Historia, este es tu sitio.
Si eres estudiante de historia o estás haciendo las oposiciones para geografía e historia estos resúmenes te van a venir genial. No te olvides de compartirlos con tus compañeros. Resúmenes para la carrera de Historia, resúmenes UNED, resúmenes para selectividad, esquemas, gráficos, animaciones, mapas, ilustraciones... todo lo que necesitas para aprobar.
SILK ROAD - WikiVidi Documentary
The Silk Road or Silk Route was an ancient network of trade routes that were for centuries central to cultural interaction originally through regions of Eurasia connecting the East and West and stretching from the Korean peninsula and Japan to the Mediterranean Sea. The Silk Road concept refers to both the terrestrial and the maritime routes connecting Asia and Europe. The overland Steppe route stretching through the Eurasian steppe is considered the ancestor to the Silk Road. While the term is of modern coinage, the Silk Road derives its name from the lucrative trade in silk carried out along its length, beginning during the Han dynasty . The Han dynasty expanded Central Asian sections of the trade routes around 114 BCE, largely through missions and explorations of the Chinese imperial envoy, Zhang Qian. The Chinese took great interest in the safety of their trade products and extended the Great Wall of China to ensure the protection of the trade route. Trade on the Silk Road playe...
____________________________________
Shortcuts to chapters:
00:02:29: Name
00:04:34: Chinese and Central Asian contacts
00:08:12: Persian Royal Road
00:08:52: Hellenistic era
00:10:30: Chinese exploration of Central Asia
00:19:10: Roman Empire
00:23:02: Byzantine Empire
00:26:50: Tang dynasty reopens the route
00:29:41: Medieval
00:33:20: Islamic era and the Silk Road
00:35:54: Mongol age
00:38:52: Decline and disintegration
00:39:58: New Silk Road
00:42:34: Routes
00:42:55: Northern route
00:44:37: Southern route
00:45:57: Southwestern route
00:48:02: Maritime route
00:48:59: Cultural exchanges
00:50:33: Transmission of Christianity
00:51:01: Transmission of Buddhism
00:57:13: Transmission of art
____________________________________
Copyright WikiVidi.
Licensed under Creative Commons.
Wikipedia link:
Xi'an | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Xi'an
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Xi'an is the capital of Shaanxi Province, China. A sub-provincial city on the Guanzhong Plain in northwestern China, it is one of the oldest cities in China, and the oldest of the Four Great Ancient Capitals, having held the position under several of the most important dynasties in Chinese history, including Western Zhou, Qin, Western Han, Sui, and Tang. Xi'an is the starting point of the Silk Road and home to the Terracotta Army of Emperor Qin Shi Huang.Since the 1990s, as part of the economic revival of inland China especially for the central and northwest regions, the city of Xi'an has re-emerged as an important cultural, industrial and educational centre of the central-northwest region, with facilities for research and development, national security and space exploration. Xi'an currently holds sub-provincial status, administering 9 districts and 4 counties. As of 2018 Xi'an has a population of 12,005,600, and the Xi'an-Xianyang metropolitan area a population of 12.9 million. It is the most populous city in Northwest China, as well as one of the three most populous cities in Western China. In 2012, it was named as one of the 13 emerging megacities, or megalopolises, in China.
Han dynasty | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Han dynasty
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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The Han dynasty (; Chinese: 漢朝; pinyin: Hàn cháo) was the second imperial dynasty of China (206 BC–220 AD), preceded by the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 AD). Spanning over four centuries, the Han period is considered a golden age in Chinese history. To this day, China's majority ethnic group refers to themselves as the Han Chinese and the Chinese script is referred to as Han characters. It was founded by the rebel leader Liu Bang, known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu of Han, and briefly interrupted by the Xin dynasty (9–23 AD) of the former regent Wang Mang. This interregnum separates the Han dynasty into two periods: the Western Han or Former Han (206 BC–9 AD) and the Eastern Han or Later Han (25–220 AD).
The emperor was at the pinnacle of Han society. He presided over the Han government but shared power with both the nobility and appointed ministers who came largely from the scholarly gentry class. The Han Empire was divided into areas directly controlled by the central government using an innovation inherited from the Qin known as commanderies, and a number of semi-autonomous kingdoms. These kingdoms gradually lost all vestiges of their independence, particularly following the Rebellion of the Seven States. From the reign of Emperor Wu (r. 141–87 BC) onward, the Chinese court officially sponsored Confucianism in education and court politics, synthesized with the cosmology of later scholars such as Dong Zhongshu. This policy endured until the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1911 AD.
The Han dynasty saw an age of economic prosperity and witnessed a significant growth of the money economy first established during the Zhou dynasty (c. 1050–256 BC). The coinage issued by the central government mint in 119 BC remained the standard coinage of China until the Tang dynasty (618–907 AD). The period saw a number of limited institutional innovations. To finance its military campaigns and the settlement of newly conquered frontier territories, the Han government nationalized the private salt and iron industries in 117 BC, but these government monopolies were repealed during the Eastern Han dynasty. Science and technology during the Han period saw significant advances, including the process of papermaking, the nautical steering ship rudder, the use of negative numbers in mathematics, the raised-relief map, the hydraulic-powered armillary sphere for astronomy, and a seismometer for measuring earthquakes employing an inverted pendulum.
The Xiongnu, a nomadic steppe confederation, defeated the Han in 200 BC and forced the Han to submit as a de facto inferior and vassal partner, but continued their military raids on the Han borders. Emperor Wu launched several military campaigns against them. The ultimate Han victory in these wars eventually forced the Xiongnu to accept vassal status as Han tributaries. These campaigns expanded Han sovereignty into the Tarim Basin of Central Asia, divided the Xiongnu into two separate confederations, and helped establish the vast trade network known as the Silk Road, which reached as far as the Mediterranean world. The territories north of Han's borders were quickly overrun by the nomadic Xianbei confederation. Emperor Wu also launched successful military expeditions in the south, annexing Nanyue in 111 BC and Dian in 109 BC, and in the Korean Peninsula where the Xuantu and Lelang Commanderies were established in 108 BC. After 92 AD, the palace eunuchs increasingly involved themselves in court politics, engaging in violent power struggles between the various consort clans of the empresses and empresses dowager, causing the Han's ultimate downfall. Imperial authority was also seriously challenged by large Daoist religious societies which instigated the Yellow Turban Rebellion and the Five Pecks of Rice Rebellion. Following the death of Emperor Ling (r. 168–189 AD), the palace eu ...