What is South Manchuria Railway?, Explain South Manchuria Railway, Define South Manchuria Railway
#SouthManchuriaRailway #audioversity
~~~ South Manchuria Railway ~~~
Title: What is South Manchuria Railway?, Explain South Manchuria Railway, Define South Manchuria Railway
Created on: 2018-12-31
Source Link:
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Description: The South Manchuria Railway , officially South Manchuria Railway Company , or 滿鐵 for short , was a large National Policy Company of Japan whose primary function was the operation of railways on the Dalian–Fengtian –Changchun corridor in northeastern China, as well as on several branch lines. However, it was also involved in nearly every aspect of the economic, cultural and political life of Manchuria, from power generation to agricultural research, for which reason it was often referred to as Japan's East India Company in China. The main line from Changchun to Port Arthur, as Dalian was called under Russian rule, was built between 1898 and 1903 by the Chinese Eastern Railway according to the 1896 secret treaty and the 1898 lease convention between Qing China and Imperial Russia in the aftermath of the First Sino-Japanese War; after Russia's defeat in the Russo-Japanese War, this area was taken over by Japan as the South Manchuria Railway Zone. Mantetsu was established in 1906 to operate the railways taken over from the Russians. Subsequently, Mantetsu expanded by building new lines for itself and for Chinese-owned undertakings, and after the establishment of the puppet state of Manchukuo was established in 1932, it was also entrusted with the management of the Manchukuo National Railway. Between 1917 and 1925, Mantetsu was also responsible for the management of the Chosen Government Railway in Japanese-occupied Korea. In 1945, the Soviet Union invaded and overran Manchukuo, and following Japan's defeat in the Pacific War, Mantetsu itself was dissolved by order of the American occupation authorities in occupied Japan. The railway was operated by the Soviets for a time, and handed over to China Railway after the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949. Fengtian has been called Shenyang since 1945, and the line from there to Dalian is today part of the Shenda Railway from Changchun to Dalian, whilst the Shenyang–Changchun section is now part of the Jingha Railway; the branch lines have also been part of China Railway since then.
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Walking Around Shenyang (Shenyang, China)
Shenyang / 沈阳, formerly known by its Manchu name Mukden / 奉天 or Fengtian, is the provincial capital and the largest city of Liaoning Province as well as the largest city in Northeast China by urban population. According to the 2010 census, the city's urban area has 6.3 million inhabitants, while the total population of the Shenyang municipality is up to 8.1 million.
In the 17th century, Shenyang was conquered by the Manchu people and briefly used as the capital of the Qing dynasty. After the Boxer Rebellion in 1900, Russian forces used the anti-foreigner insurgency as a pretext to formally invade and occupied most of Manchuria, and Mukden became a Russian stronghold in the Far East with the building of the South Manchurian Railway.
During the Russo-Japanese War (1904—1905), Mukden was the site of the Battle of Mukden from February 19 to March 10, 1905. Involving more than 600,000 combat participants, it was the largest battle since the Battle of Leipzig in 1813, and also the largest modern-era battle ever fought in Asia before World War II. Following the Japanese victory, Mukden became one of the chief bases of Japanese presence and economic expansion into southern Manchuria.
In the 1920s, Mukden was the capital of the warlord Zhang Zuolin, who was later assassinated when his train was blown up on June 4, 1928 at a Japanese-guarded railway bridge.
At around 10:20 pm on September 18, 1931, a small quantity of dynamite was detonated close to a railway line near Mukden owned by the Japanese South Manchuria Railway Company by Kwantung Army Lt. Kawamoto Suemori. The Imperial Japanese Army, accusing Chinese dissidents of the act, then use the false flag explosion as pretext to launch a full attack on Mukden, and captured the city the following morning (September 19).
On 20 August 1945, Soviet troops captured Shenyang. British and US reports indicate that the Soviet troops that occupied Northeast China and Eastern Inner Mongolia region looted and terrorized the people of Shenyang, and were not discouraged by Soviet authorities from three days of rape and pillage. The Soviets were replaced by the Nationalist Chinese, who were flown in on U.S. transport planes. During the Chinese Civil War, Shenyang remained a Kuomintang stronghold from 1946 to 1948, although the Chinese communists controlled the surrounding countryside. It was captured by the communists on October 30, 1948
Along with its nearby cities, Shenyang has been an important industrial center in China since the 1930s.
South Manchurian Railway Company | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:27 1 History
00:09:57 2 Network
00:12:28 3 iMantetsu/i presidents
00:12:38 4 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
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Speaking Rate: 0.8831521743916855
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The South Manchuria Railway (南滿洲鐵道: Japanese Minamimanshū Tetsudō; Chinese Nánmǎnzhōu Tiědào), officially South Manchuria Railway Company (南滿洲鐵道株式會社, Minamimanshū Tetsudō Kabushikigaisha), or 滿鐵 (Mantetsu) for short (Mǎntiě in Chinese), was a large National Policy Company of Japan whose primary function was the operation of railways on the Dalian–Fengtian (Mukden)–Changchun (called Xinjing from 1931 to 1945) corridor in northeastern China, as well as on several branch lines. However, it was also involved in nearly every aspect of the economic, cultural and political life of Manchuria, from power generation to agricultural research, for which reason it was often referred to as Japan's East India Company in China.
The main line from Changchun to Port Arthur, as Dalian was called under Russian rule, was built between 1898 and 1903 by the Chinese Eastern Railway according to the 1896 secret treaty and the 1898 lease convention between Qing China and Imperial Russia in the aftermath of the First Sino-Japanese War; after Russia's defeat in the Russo-Japanese War, this area was taken over by Japan as the South Manchuria Railway Zone. Mantetsu was established in 1906 to operate the railways taken over from the Russians. Subsequently, Mantetsu expanded by building new lines for itself and for Chinese-owned undertakings, and after the establishment of the puppet state of Manchukuo was established in 1932, it was also entrusted with the management of the Manchukuo National Railway. Between 1917 and 1925, Mantetsu was also responsible for the management of the Chosen Government Railway in Japanese-occupied Korea.
In 1945, the Soviet Union invaded and overran Manchukuo, and following Japan's defeat in the Pacific War, Mantetsu itself was dissolved by order of the American occupation authorities in occupied Japan. The railway was operated by the Soviets for a time, and handed over to China Railway after the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949. Fengtian has been called Shenyang since 1945, and the line from there to Dalian is today part of the Shenda Railway from Changchun to Dalian, whilst the Shenyang–Changchun section is now part of the Jingha Railway; the branch lines have also been part of China Railway since then.
Hotel China Eastern Railway (Lonamen Hotel) / 龙门大厦贵宾楼
The Yamato Hotels / ヤマトホテル / 大和旅馆 were a chain of hotels in Manchuria owned and operated by the South Manchuria Railway during the period from the 1910s to 1940s. Some of these hotels still exist in Northeast China, used as art nouveau hotels under different names.
During the time of the South Manchuria Railway Company's operations within various cities in Manchuria between 1907 and 1945, the South Manchuria Railway Company was involved in the management of a series of high-grade chain hotels. The South Manchuria Railway Company's department of transportation was responsible for high-class hotels within its jurisdiction, which were intended as a place for men to stay during times of military activity. A number of Yamato hotels were built, including the following:
- Dairen: Opened on August 1, 1914, used now as the Dalian Hotel (Chinese: 大连宾馆). Bo Xilai's favorite hotel while in Dalian.
- Hosigaura (Hoshigaura): Beach resort in suburban Dairen.
- Ryojun (Port Arthur): Opened March 21, 1908 by the Russians, when the city was known as Port Arthur. Today used by the People's Liberation Army, not open to foreigners.
- Mukden: Opened in 1910, current building constructed in 1929, used now as the Liaoning Hotel (Chinese: 辽宁宾馆). Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping and other political dignitaries used to stay there.
- Mutanchiang: Opened 1939.
- Hsinking (Changchun): Built in 1910, used now as the old building of the Chunyi Hotel (Chinese: 春谊宾馆).
- Harbin: Originally built by the Russians in 1905, re-built by the Japanese in 1935, used now as the Longmen Dasha VIP Hotel (龙门大厦贵宾楼).
Address: 85 Hongjun St, Harbin Nangang Qu, Haerbin Shi, China, 150001
CHINATRIP「September 18th History Museum」Shenyang,Liaoning Province【中国 九・一八歴史博物館】
September 18th 1931 is a day that will never be forgotten by the Chinese people, as it was the beginning of the darkest period in China's modern history. On this day the Japanese army, which had been occupying part of Manchuria (northeastern China) since the Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895), allegedly bombed a bridge at a Japanese owned and operated railroad crossing. The Japanese then blamed the attack on Chinese rebels. This action, which is now referred to as the September 18th Incident (九一八事变) or the Manchurian Incident or the Mukden Incident (Mukden is the Manchu name for Shenyang), was used as a pretext for the Japanese army to begin its invasion of China.
Read more:
Hotel China Eastern Railway (Lonamen Hotel)
The Yamato Hotels / ヤマトホテル / 大和旅馆 were a chain of hotels in Manchuria owned and operated by the South Manchuria Railway during the period from the 1910s to 1940s. Some of these hotels still exist in Northeast China, used as art nouveau hotels under different names.
During the time of the South Manchuria Railway Company's operations within various cities in Manchuria between 1907 and 1945, the South Manchuria Railway Company was involved in the management of a series of high-grade chain hotels. The South Manchuria Railway Company's department of transportation was responsible for high-class hotels within its jurisdiction, which were intended as a place for men to stay during times of military activity. A number of Yamato hotels were built, including the following:
- Dairen: Opened on August 1, 1914, used now as the Dalian Hotel (Chinese: 大连宾馆). Bo Xilai's favorite hotel while in Dalian.
- Hosigaura (Hoshigaura): Beach resort in suburban Dairen.
- Ryojun (Port Arthur): Opened March 21, 1908 by the Russians, when the city was known as Port Arthur. Today used by the People's Liberation Army, not open to foreigners.
- Mukden: Opened in 1910, current building constructed in 1929, used now as the Liaoning Hotel (Chinese: 辽宁宾馆). Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping and other political dignitaries used to stay there.
- Mutanchiang: Opened 1939.
- Hsinking (Changchun): Built in 1910, used now as the old building of the Chunyi Hotel (Chinese: 春谊宾馆).
- Harbin: Originally built by the Russians in 1905, re-built by the Japanese in 1935, used now as the Longmen Dasha VIP Hotel (龙门大厦贵宾楼).
Address: 85 Hongjun St, Harbin Nangang Qu, Haerbin Shi, China, 150001
CRRC Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Co., LTD.
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Inner Manchuria | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Inner Manchuria
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Northeast China (Chinese: 中国东北) or Dongbei is a geographical region of China. It also historically corresponds with the term Inner Manchuria in the English language. It consists specifically of the three provinces of Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang, collectively referred as the Three Northeastern Provinces (东北三省), but broadly also encompasses the eastern part of Inner Mongolia. The region is separated from Far Eastern Russia to the north largely by the Amur, Argun and Ussuri rivers, from North Korea to the south by the Yalu River and Tumen River, and from the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region to the west by the Greater Khingan Range. The heartland of the region is the Northeast China Plain.
Due to the shrinking of its once-powerful industrial sector and decline of its economic growth, the region is called the Rust Belt in China.
As the result, a campaign named Northeast Area Revitalization Plan has been launched by the State Council of the People's Republic of China, in which five prefecture-level cities of eastern Inner Mongolia, namely Xilin Gol, Chifeng, Tongliao, Hinggan and Hulunbuir, are also formally defined as regions of the Northeast. The region is nearly congruent with some definitions of Manchuria in historical foreign usage.Another term for the area is Guandong (关东), meaning east of the Pass, referring to the famous Shanhai Pass between Liaoning Province and the neighboring Hebei Province (and also North China) to the west. This name was also used by the occupying Japanese colonists referring to their leased territory of Dalian after the 1895 Treaty of Shimonoseki, as the Kwantung Chou (関東州), which gave name to the occupying Kwantung Army that was later mobilized to set up the puppet state of Manchukuo.
Shenyang 沈阳 (Shěnyáng) Promotional Video
Shen'yang is the capital city of Liaoning province in Northeast China.
Shenyang is an important industrial center of China. Its main focus has been on heavy industry, particularly aerospace, machine tools, heavy equipment, and defence, and recently, on software, automotive, and electronics. During the first five-year plan (1951-1956), many factories were built in Tiexi district. At its peak (1970s), Shenyang was one of the top three industrial centers in China (the other two are Shanghai and Tianjin).
Many major industrial companies have established their headquarters in Shenyang.
- Brilliance China Auto is a major Chinese automobile manufacturer, and most of its production plants are located in Shenyang.
- Shenyang Aircraft Corporation produces airplanes for civilian use as well as for the PLAAF.
- Neusoft Group is the biggest software company in China.
- Shenyang Machine Tool Group is the largest machine tool manufacturer in China.
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Walking Around Shenyang / 沈阳 (Mukden / 奉天)
Shenyang / 沈阳, formerly known by its Manchu name Mukden / 奉天 or Fengtian, is the provincial capital and the largest city of Liaoning Province as well as the largest city in Northeast China by urban population. According to the 2010 census, the city's urban area has 6.3 million inhabitants, while the total population of the Shenyang municipality is up to 8.1 million.
In the 17th century, Shenyang was conquered by the Manchu people and briefly used as the capital of the Qing dynasty. After the Boxer Rebellion in 1900, Russian forces used the anti-foreigner insurgency as a pretext to formally invade and occupied most of Manchuria, and Mukden became a Russian stronghold in the Far East with the building of the South Manchurian Railway.
During the Russo-Japanese War (1904—1905), Mukden was the site of the Battle of Mukden from February 19 to March 10, 1905. Involving more than 600,000 combat participants, it was the largest battle since the Battle of Leipzig in 1813, and also the largest modern-era battle ever fought in Asia before World War II. Following the Japanese victory, Mukden became one of the chief bases of Japanese presence and economic expansion into southern Manchuria.
In the 1920s, Mukden was the capital of the warlord Zhang Zuolin, who was later assassinated when his train was blown up on June 4, 1928 at a Japanese-guarded railway bridge.
At around 10:20 pm on September 18, 1931, a small quantity of dynamite was detonated close to a railway line near Mukden owned by the Japanese South Manchuria Railway Company by Kwantung Army Lt. Kawamoto Suemori. The Imperial Japanese Army, accusing Chinese dissidents of the act, then use the false flag explosion as pretext to launch a full attack on Mukden, and captured the city the following morning (September 19).
On 20 August 1945, Soviet troops captured Shenyang. British and US reports indicate that the Soviet troops that occupied Northeast China and Eastern Inner Mongolia region looted and terrorized the people of Shenyang, and were not discouraged by Soviet authorities from three days of rape and pillage. The Soviets were replaced by the Nationalist Chinese, who were flown in on U.S. transport planes. During the Chinese Civil War, Shenyang remained a Kuomintang stronghold from 1946 to 1948, although the Chinese communists controlled the surrounding countryside. It was captured by the communists on October 30, 1948
Along with its nearby cities, Shenyang has been an important industrial center in China since the 1930s.
Dalian Software Park | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:45 1 Flow of overseas IT outsourcing
00:03:59 2 Launch of Dalian's software industry
00:07:34 3 Birth of Dalian Software Park
00:09:26 4 History
00:11:25 5 Current status
00:12:12 5.1 Workforce
00:13:52 5.2 Dalian Geography
00:14:32 5.3 IT Capability and Linguistic Ability
00:17:36 5.4 Preferential Policies
00:19:00 6 Transportation
00:19:24 7 Education
00:19:36 8 Accommodation
00:19:49 9 Living Environment
00:20:02 10 Dalian Software Park Phase 2
00:21:49 11 Future
00:21:59 11.1 Service outsourcing base along Lüshun North Road
00:22:29 11.2 Expanding to other cities in China
00:23:50 12 IT-related companies and organizations in Dalian
00:24:04 12.1 In Dalian Hi-Tech Zone
00:24:44 12.2 In Dalian Software Park
00:25:57 12.3 In Dalian Software Park Phase 2
00:26:09 12.3.1 In Dalian Ascendas IT Park
00:26:39 12.3.2 In Dalian Tiandi Software Park
00:27:00 12.4 In Other parts of Dalian
00:27:36 13 History of the IT industry in Dalian
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.7048286961409898
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-E
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Dalian Software Park (simplified Chinese: 大连软件园; traditional Chinese: 大連軟件園; pinyin: Dàlián ruǎnjiàn yuán), also called DLSP, is an industrial zone, created in 1998 in the western suburbs of Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China, where many of the world's large and medium-sized IT-related companies have set up shop to do software development and information services. It is part of Dalian Hi-Tech Zone in the broader sense. While American and European companies typically have gone to Bangalore and other cities in India because of the English language capability, Japanese companies have gone to Dalian and other cities in China due to the Japanese language capability.
DLSP is owned by Dalian Software Park Co., Ltd., which was invested and established by Yida Group and is a professional service provider in business park development, management and operation. By the end of 2009, there were over 500 enterprises in the Dalian Software Park, 41 percent of which are foreign-funded. There are 37 Fortune 500 companies including IBM, HP, Accenture, Panasonic, Sony, Hitachi, NTT, Oracle, AVAYA, NEC, Fidelity, BT etc. In 2009, Dalian Software Park realized an annual sales income of RMB 20.2 billion, with an export value of USD 0.86 billion.Dalian is one of China's 11 National Software Industry Bases and one of five National Software Export Bases. Currently, more than 300 companies, including 32 Global 500 corporations, have offices in the park.The nearest airport, Dalian Zhoushuizi International Airport, is 10–20 km away from Dalian Software Park. Its nearest national highway is G202.
満州国国都・新京《前編》/ The capital of Manchukuo 1 of 2
(Digital Library) CHINA: the pity of it J.O.P. Bland, 1932
THE QUESTION OF MANCHURIA
＊ ＊ ＊
昭和初期の日本人が、それまで消化・蓄積してきた都市計画の理念と社会資本整備の技術を一気に投入し建設した満州国国都、新京の姿。全計画の一割にも満たない段階で終戦を迎えたが、進駐米国将軍ウェデマイヤーが「後世に誇るべき傑作」と評価した先進的な都市計画、その一端を垣間みる事が出来る。（1932-1945）
＊ ＊ ＊
『満州国の首都計画』 越澤 明 著
新京の絵はがき
満洲国民衆風俗
大阪府女子師範学校修学旅行行程表
帝冠様式の建築
＊ ＊ ＊
▼ジェームズ・ロスコー・ドラモンド（米紙クリスチャン・サイエンス・モニター編集長）
満洲で最も驚いたのは新京の都であった。それがいいことであるか悪いことであるか知らないがジャーナリストはとかく新しい事柄に特に興味をもちたがるものである。新京においても私が最初に見たものは新しく繁栄しつつある街新興国家の新首都――米国の西部の新興都市を思わせるような若々しい気持にあふれ、しかも古い歴史をもった都としての新京であった。......その土地や建物の発展の迅速さにおいてもまたその徹底ぶりにおいても、新京の如く甚だしいものを私は米国においてすら未だかつて見たことがないくらいである。しかもその建設たるや極めて慎重に計画され、注意深く設計されたものであることは特筆すべきことである。阮振鐸氏を局長として建設計画を生み出している国都建設局の屋上から新しく起工された建築物、新しい街路、拡げられた公園などを見渡す眺望は全くすばらしいものである。それは恰も国家建設への厳然たる決意、豊な経済的資源への固い信用、国礎安泰への強い信頼を物語っているかのようである。（1934年11月）
CM KCR China Tour Updates | Chongqing International Company Officials Meets KCR | HMTV
Telangana CM KCR China, as a part of his China Tour, will meet Chongqing International Company Officials. He will visit SOZO industrial Park today. Watch the video for full details of CM KCR China Tour Updates.
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HMTV, a leading Telugu News Channel, brings to you all the latest news from around the world through breaking news, regional news, national news, international news, sports updates, entertainment gossips, business trends, political satires, crime reports, exclusive interview programs such as Coffees and Movies.
Harbin Twin Towers designed by spatial practice
In 2013 spatial practice has designed the Harbin High Speed Railway (HSR) west train station Twin Towers. The iconic project includes: office spaces, residential apartments, retail spaces and a hyper link to a new underground infra-structural hub.
Heilongjiang
Heilongjiang is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the northeastern part of the country. Heilongjiang literally means Black Dragon River, which is the Chinese name for the Amur. The one-character abbreviation is 黑. The Manchu name of the region is Sahaliyan ula, from which the name of Sakhalin is derived, and the Mongolian name with the same meaning is Qaramörin.
Heilongjiang borders Jilin in the south and Inner Mongolia to the west; it also borders Russia to the north and east.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
Shenyang Great City in Northeast China我爱东北
This a reedit of a video provided by New Century Group 沉阳市, we are media partners with them. It is a very nice video. Shenyang is a very wonderful place. Check out our other Shenyang videos.
Wo ai dongbei
cin-tv.com
Inside the Shenyang Metro (Shenyang, China)
The Shenyang Metro is a rapid transit system serving the city of Shenyang, Liaoning, China. It is the 7th operational subway system in Mainland China and the first in Northeast China. The system connects with a tram network in the southern part of the city.
Shenyang was one of the first Chinese cities with a metro plan. The initial plan of building a metro system in Shenyang was proposed as early as 1940, during the Manchukuo era with an Osaka-based company proposing a 52-kilometre (32 mi) metro network. However, chaos caused by the Second Sino-Japanese War and Chinese Civil Wars meant the plan could not be implemented.
After the wars, the metro program was revived again when the Chinese government decided that the four biggest cities at that time, Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Shenyang should build metro systems for transportation and military purposes. The subway was envisioned to also function as an air raid shelter in an event of war.
Construction in of the metro started in 1965 but was stopped shortly after due to the turmoil from the Cultural Revolution. Only the initial sections of the Beijing Subway and Tianjin Metro managed to be completed. Construction was restarted in 1974, on a line roughly following today's Line 1. In 1978 with government personnel from Harbin, Tianjin and Shanghai visiting to Shenyang to learn about the subway construction experience.
In 1982, subway construction was halted due to lack of funds and resources. The approximately 3 km long half completed tunnel was abandoned and filled with water. While the Shanghai Metro was put into service in 1995, the economic decline of Shenyang during the 1980s-1990s meant that there was no capital available for subway construction and the program was continually postponed.
A light rail system was designed in the early 1990s as a cheaper alternative, however this plan was also abandoned after a national suspension of subway projects was declared due to worries of high cost and financial debt.
Shenyang's economy revived in 2000, and with it growing traffic congestion and pollution caused by the expanding urban population. This prompted the Chinese central government to approve the subway proposal on November 8, 2005. Construction of the first phase of Line 1 started on November 18, 2005 with the entire phase opening on September 23, 2009. The line had 12 stations and went from Shisanhao Jie to Tiexi Square station. A western extension of Line 1 to Liming Square opened in September 27, 2010. Line 2 opened a year later on December 30, 2011 and was further extended south on January 9, 2012.
Plans for two east-west lines, two north-south lines, a loop line, and two branches with a total length of 182.5 kilometres (113.4 mi) have been expanded to eleven lines. Currently there are 3 lines being planned in the near-term in preparation for construction. All 3 of them shall be complete by 2018. The original loop line is broken into 2 L shaped lines that intersect twice to form a loop. Line 4 will start construction in 2014.
Inside the Shenyang Metro / 沈阳地铁
The Shenyang Metro is a rapid transit system serving the city of Shenyang, Liaoning, China. It is the 7th operational subway system in Mainland China and the first in Northeast China. The system connects with a tram network in the southern part of the city.
Shenyang was one of the first Chinese cities with a metro plan. The initial plan of building a metro system in Shenyang was proposed as early as 1940, during the Manchukuo era with an Osaka-based company proposing a 52-kilometre (32 mi) metro network. However, chaos caused by the Second Sino-Japanese War and Chinese Civil Wars meant the plan could not be implemented.
After the wars, the metro program was revived again when the Chinese government decided that the four biggest cities at that time, Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Shenyang should build metro systems for transportation and military purposes. The subway was envisioned to also function as an air raid shelter in an event of war.
Construction in of the metro started in 1965 but was stopped shortly after due to the turmoil from the Cultural Revolution. Only the initial sections of the Beijing Subway and Tianjin Metro managed to be completed. Construction was restarted in 1974, on a line roughly following today's Line 1. In 1978 with government personnel from Harbin, Tianjin and Shanghai visiting to Shenyang to learn about the subway construction experience.
In 1982, subway construction was halted due to lack of funds and resources. The approximately 3 km long half completed tunnel was abandoned and filled with water. While the Shanghai Metro was put into service in 1995, the economic decline of Shenyang during the 1980s-1990s meant that there was no capital available for subway construction and the program was continually postponed.
A light rail system was designed in the early 1990s as a cheaper alternative, however this plan was also abandoned after a national suspension of subway projects was declared due to worries of high cost and financial debt.
Shenyang's economy revived in 2000, and with it growing traffic congestion and pollution caused by the expanding urban population. This prompted the Chinese central government to approve the subway proposal on November 8, 2005. Construction of the first phase of Line 1 started on November 18, 2005 with the entire phase opening on September 23, 2009. The line had 12 stations and went from Shisanhao Jie to Tiexi Square station. A western extension of Line 1 to Liming Square opened in September 27, 2010. Line 2 opened a year later on December 30, 2011 and was further extended south on January 9, 2012.
Plans for two east-west lines, two north-south lines, a loop line, and two branches with a total length of 182.5 kilometres (113.4 mi) have been expanded to eleven lines. Currently there are 3 lines being planned in the near-term in preparation for construction. All 3 of them shall be complete by 2018. The original loop line is broken into 2 L shaped lines that intersect twice to form a loop. Line 4 will start construction in 2014.
Changchun Railway Station / 长春站 / 長春站
Changchun station / 长春站 / 長春站 is a railway station of Beijing–Harbin Railway, Harbin–Dalian Railway, Changchun–Tumen Railway, Changchun–Baicheng Railway and Changchun–Jilin Intercity Railway. The station is located in Changchun, in the Jilin province of China. It is served by Changchun Rail Transit Line Line 1, Line 3 and Line 4.
The station opened in 1907. The new station building was constructed in 1994. In 2014, renovations were completed on an expanded station, with additional tracks and a new north building. A new masonry south facade was added.
Walking Around Central Dalian / 大连 / 大連
Dalian /大连 is the second largest city in Liaoning Province, Dongbei (North East), China, the largest port in northern China, and a major destination for Chinese tourists. At the southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula, the main part of the city is on its own sub-peninsula, with the port to the north of the town centre and natural coastline dotted with beaches to the east and south.
Dalian in fact encompasses 6 districts, 3 county-level cities and one county. Visitors are likely to spend time in only 5 of the city's 8 districts (and none of the sub-cities). The following two districts of in central Dalian are covered in this video:
Zhongshan District - Home of Dalian's financial and commercial center, and also home to squares and avenues with grand Russian and Japanese architecture. This is the easternmost of Dalian's 4 downtown districts. Around the eastern and southern side of the coast are several beach and scenic areas including Binhai Lu, Bangchuidao beach & Golf Course, and Tiger Beach.
Xigang District - Home of the municipal government district and People's Square, on the western border of Zhongshan District. On the southern coast lies Fujiazhuang beach.
Dalian, as a city, is young by Chinese standards, dating from 1898, though smaller settlements had long existed in the area. Like Hong Kong, Shanghai and Qingdao, Dalian's development stemmed from colonial occupation, in this case by Russia. Under Russian rule Dalian, or Dalny as it was known, became the southern tip of the Trans-Siberian Railway and the main port of the eastern Russian Empire. Following the Russian defeat in the Russo-Japanese war of 1904-5, the city was transferred to Japanese control and renamed Dairen. The Chinese government resumed control following World War II (though the city was jointly run with the Soviet Union until 1955), and in 1950 it was again renamed by the newly formed Communist regime, this time to Luda City. There followed a period of relative stagnation until the city (once again named Dalian) was opened up to foreign investment in 1984. This sparked the first period of redevelopment of the city, the second period coming with the appointment of Bo Xilai as mayor. Under Bo's stewardship, the city became a model example of redevelopment, with extensive redevelopment of its infrastructure and open spaces and a new focus on tourism and commerce and away from heavy industry.
Dalian is less reliant on heavy industry than its Northeast counterparts, and its heavy industry there is mostly relegated to the development zone far outside the city center. This, combined with the city's many parks and green hills, wide thoroughfares and army of street cleaners, makes Dalian a more pleasant city to visit and live in than most Chinese cities of comparable size. Though most of the tourist industry in the city is targeted at the domestic, rather than the international market, overseas tourists should still find enjoyment in the city. The large number of foreign businesses in the city and foreign students and teachers at the city's many universities ensure that there are plenty of companies (from upmarket hotels to bars and coffee houses) which cater to those who do not call China their native home. The city has a population of around 6,000,000.
Dalian is perhaps most abuzz when it hosts the World Economic Forum's Annual Meeting of the Champions (summer Davos).