Marathon in Greece - Brief Video Tour (Marathonas, Greece)
So we decided to take a trip to visit Marathon on our last day in Greece. Surprisingly, there isn't a great deal to do besides visiting the Marathon Running Museum and the Battle of Marathon Athenian Burial Tomb. They also have the classic marathon course set up with mile markers all the way into Athens, so that was a nice hidden surprise!
Marathon (Demotic Greek: Μαραθώνας, Marathónas; Attic/Katharevousa: Μαραθών, Marathṓn) is a town in Greece, the site of the battle of Marathon in 490 BC, in which the heavily outnumbered Athenian army defeated the Persians. The tumulus or burial mound (Greek Τύμβος, tymbos, tomb) of the 192 Athenian dead, also called the Soros, which was erected near the battlefield, remains a feature of the coastal plain. The Tymbos is now marked by a marble memorial stele and surrounded by a small park.
Video Title: Marathon in Greece - Brief Video Tour (Marathonas, Greece)
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Battle of Marathon Athenian Burial Tomb - VIDEO TOUR (Marathon, Greece)
So we decided to take a trip to visit Marathon on our last day in Greece. Surprisingly, there isn't a great deal to do besides visiting the Marathon Running Museum and the Battle of Marathon Athenian Burial Tomb. They also have the classic marathon course set up with mile markers all the way into Athens, so that was a nice hidden surprise!
The Battle of Marathon Athenian Burial Tomb is basically a grassy knoll in the middle of a small field. You can drive all the way around it (Kinda like a giant round-about). There is an iron fence with some trees in the way to prevent you from seeing the grassy hill-shaped tomb. We couldn't justify the entry fee, so we took a video from the surrounding area and met a cute dog at the entrance!
The Battle of Marathon (Greek: Μάχη τοῦ Μαραθῶνος, Machē tou Marathōnos) took place in 490 BC, during the first Persian invasion of Greece. It was fought between the citizens of Athens, aided by Plataea, and a Persian force commanded by Datis and Artaphernes. The battle was the culmination of the first attempt by Persia, under King Darius I, to subjugate Greece. The Greek army decisively defeated the more numerous Persians, marking a turning point in the Greco-Persian Wars.
The first Persian invasion was a response to Greek involvement in the Ionian Revolt, when Athens and Eretria had sent a force to support the cities of Ionia in their attempt to overthrow Persian rule. The Athenians and Eretrians had succeeded in capturing and burning Sardis, but they were then forced to retreat with heavy losses. In response to this raid, Darius swore to burn down Athens and Eretria. According to Herodotus, Darius asked for his bow, he placed an arrow upon the string and he discharged it upwards towards heaven, and as he shot into the air he said: Zeus, grant me to take vengeance upon the Athenians!. Also he charged one of his servants, to say Master, remember the Athenians. three times before dinner each day.
At the time of the battle, Sparta and Athens were the two largest city states. Once the Ionian revolt was finally crushed by the Persian victory at the Battle of Lade in 494 BC, Darius began plans to subjugate Greece. In 490 BC, he sent a naval task force under Datis and Artaphernes across the Aegean, to subjugate the Cyclades, and then to make punitive attacks on Athens and Eretria. Reaching Euboea in mid-summer after a successful campaign in the Aegean, the Persians proceeded to besiege and capture Eretria. The Persian force then sailed for Attica, landing in the bay near the town of Marathon. The Athenians, joined by a small force from Plataea, marched to Marathon, and succeeded in blocking the two exits from the plain of Marathon. The Athenians also sent a message asking for support to the Spartans. When the messenger arrived in Sparta, the Spartans were involved in a religious festival and gave this as a reason for not coming to aid of the Athenians.
The Athenians and their allies chose a location for the battle, with marshes and mountainous terrain, that prevented the Persian cavalry from joining the main Persian army. Miltiades, the Athenian general, ordered a general attack against the Persians. He reinforced his flanks, luring the Persians' best fighters into his center. The inward wheeling flanks enveloped the Persians, routing them. The Persian army broke in panic towards their ships, and large numbers were slaughtered. The defeat at Marathon marked the end of the first Persian invasion of Greece, and the Persian force retreated to Asia. Darius then began raising a huge new army with which he meant to completely subjugate Greece; however, in 486 BC, his Egyptian subjects revolted, indefinitely postponing any Greek expedition. After Darius died, his son Xerxes I restarted the preparations for a second invasion of Greece, which finally began in 480 BC.
The Battle of Marathon was a watershed in the Greco-Persian wars, showing the Greeks that the Persians could be beaten; the eventual Greek triumph in these wars can be seen to begin at Marathon. The battle also showed the Greeks that they were able to win battles without the Spartans, as they had heavily relied on Sparta previously. This win was largely due to the Athenians, and Marathon raised Greek esteem of them. Since the following two hundred years saw the rise of the Classical Greek civilization, which has been enduringly influential in western society, the Battle of Marathon is often seen as a pivotal moment in Mediterranean and European history.
Video Title: Battle of Marathon Athenian Burial Tomb - VIDEO TOUR (Marathon, Greece)
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Short clips from fabulous Greece: Ancient Plateae and partial view of the battlefield.
This clip is part of our series of short clips of locations of special interest in Greece.
About an hour and a half’s drive northwest of Athens, the quiet village of Plataea lies on the northern foothills of Mt Kithaeron with a vista stretching across the lush plains of the River Asopos, which conjures ghosts of a glorious, but gory past. Holding the fatal fascination that draws visitors to the site of any major battlefield, Plataea attracts us mainly for its symbolic role in Greek history as the venue of the final battle against the Persian invaders in 479 B.C. On top of this came the Siege of Plataea by the Thebans from 431–426 B.C. – the deciding factor which triggered the Peloponnese Wars. As we take a closer look at Ancient Plataea, we will find that it played its part in history over a millennium before these events, back to Neolithic times and the Mycenaean era. This city, named after Plataea, the Naiad-nymph daughter of the mythical river god Asopos, was built and rebuilt numerous times, spanning the centuries to survive the consecutive rules of Romans, Byzantines, Franks and Ottomans to evolve into the quiet agricultural community of the present day.
Clip and text copyright Eternal Greece Ltd.
Marathon Beach, Greece - Beautiful & Peaceful, People Do NOT Remember Significance of What Happened
Marathon Beach, Greece - It Looks so Beautiful and Peaceful but Most People Do NOT Remember Significance of What Happened Here - (Correction about 192 total Anthenians and Plateies casualties from the side of the Athenians).
-- MARATHON BATTLE - A SHORT HISTORY with VIDEO of Beautiful Beach Today.
The actual location of The Battle of Marathon of 490 B.C. in Greece. Hard to believe it all took place here. Today, this same beach is a beautiful place to swim and relax a short distance north of Athens, Greece.
Thanks to the bravery of the Athenians (and friends Plataeans) they obtained an unbelievable victory over great odds. Thus, sparing Europe from the carnage and enslavement of the Persian Empire (490 B.C.) Another 'David vs Goliath' case for the history books. God's Providence no doubt!
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13. The Athenian Empire
Introduction to Ancient Greek History (CLCV 205)
In this lecture, Professor Kagan traces the development and the power of the Persian empire. He also shows how the Persian empire and the Greek world eventually came into conflict through a few incidents concerning Ionian Greeks in Asia Minor, which eventually turned into the Persian Wars. Professor Kagan ends this lecture with a description of the events of the battle of Marathon in which the Athenians defeated the Persians.
00:00 - Chapter 1. The Rise of the Persian Empire
15:07 - Chapter 2. Clashes with the Persian Empire
32:40 - Chapter 3. The Beginning of the Persian Wars
37:37 - Chapter 4. Further Developments Leading to the War with Persia
49:47 - Chapter 5. The Battle of Marathon
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website:
This course was recorded in Fall 2007.
Slavery in ancient Greece | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Slavery in ancient Greece
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Slavery was a common practice in ancient Greece, as in other societies of the time. Some Ancient Greek writers (including, most notably, Aristotle) considered slavery natural and even necessary. This paradigm was notably questioned in Socratic dialogues; the Stoics produced the first recorded condemnation of slavery.Most activities were open to slaves except politics, which was reserved for citizens. The principal use of slaves was in agriculture, but hundreds of slaves were also used in stone quarries or mines, and perhaps two per household were domestic servants. It is certain that Athens had the largest slave population, with as many as 80,000 in the 6th and 5th centuries BC, with average of three or four slaves per household, except in poor families.
Modern historiographical practice distinguishes between chattel slavery (personal possession, where the slave was regarded as a piece of property as opposed to a mobile member of society) versus land-bonded groups such as the penestae of Thessaly or the Spartan helots, who were more like medieval serfs (an enhancement to real estate). The chattel helot is an individual deprived of liberty and forced to submit to an owner, who may buy, sell, or lease them like any other chattel.
The academic study of slavery in ancient Greece is beset by significant methodological problems. Documentation is disjointed and very fragmented, focusing primarily on the city-state of Athens. No treatises are specifically devoted to the subject, and jurisprudence was interested in slavery only as much as it provided a source of revenue. Greek comedies and tragedies represented stereotypes, while iconography made no substantial differentiation between slaves and craftsmen.
Greco-Persian Wars | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Greco-Persian Wars
00:04:27 1 Sources
00:09:03 2 Origins of the conflict
00:13:44 2.1 Warfare in the ancient Mediterranean
00:14:07 2.1.1 Persia
00:15:02 2.1.2 Greece
00:16:12 2.1.3 Naval warfare
00:17:05 3 Ionian Revolt (499–493 BC)
00:20:09 4 First invasion of Greece (492–490 BC)
00:20:38 4.1 492 BC: Mardonius's campaign
00:21:48 4.2 490 BC: Datis and Artaphernes' campaign
00:23:13 4.2.1 Battle of Marathon
00:24:44 5 Interbellum (490–480 BC)
00:24:56 5.1 Achaemenid Empire
00:27:02 5.1.1 Size of the Persian forces
00:28:13 5.2 Greek city states
00:28:22 5.2.1 Athens
00:31:01 5.2.2 Sparta
00:32:02 5.2.3 Hellenic alliance
00:33:37 6 Second invasion of Greece (480–479 BC)
00:33:51 6.1 Early 480 BC: Thrace, Macedonia, and Thessaly
00:35:27 6.2 August 480 BC: Battles of Thermopylae and Artemisium
00:37:49 6.3 September 480 BC: Battle of Salamis
00:40:05 6.4 June 479 BC: Battles of Plataea and Mycale
00:42:51 7 Greek counterattack (479–478 BC)
00:43:05 7.1 Mycale and Ionia
00:43:37 7.2 Sestos
00:45:09 7.3 Cyprus
00:46:07 7.4 Byzantium
00:47:51 8 Wars of the Delian League (477–449 BC)
00:48:05 8.1 Delian League
00:49:57 8.2 Campaigns against Persia
00:51:39 9 Peace with Persia
00:56:16 10 Aftermath and later conflicts
00:59:57 11 See also
01:00:13 12 Notes
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Greco-Persian Wars (also often called the Persian Wars) were a series of conflicts between the Achaemenid Empire and Greek city-states that started in 499 BC and lasted until 449 BC. The collision between the fractious political world of the Greeks and the enormous empire of the Persians began when Cyrus the Great conquered the Greek-inhabited region of Ionia in 547 BC. Struggling to rule the independent-minded cities of Ionia, the Persians appointed tyrants to rule each of them. This would prove to be the source of much trouble for the Greeks and Persians alike.
In 499 BC, the tyrant of Miletus, Aristagoras, embarked on an expedition to conquer the island of Naxos, with Persian support; however, the expedition was a debacle and, preempting his dismissal, Aristagoras incited all of Hellenic Asia Minor into rebellion against the Persians. This was the beginning of the Ionian Revolt, which would last until 493 BC, progressively drawing more regions of Asia Minor into the conflict. Aristagoras secured military support from Athens and Eretria, and in 498 BC these forces helped to capture and burn the Persian regional capital of Sardis. The Persian king Darius the Great vowed to have revenge on Athens and Eretria for this act. The revolt continued, with the two sides effectively stalemated throughout 497–495 BC. In 494 BC, the Persians regrouped, and attacked the epicentre of the revolt in Miletus. At the Battle of Lade, the Ionians suffered a decisive defeat, and the rebellion collapsed, with the final members being stamped out the following year.
Seeking to secure his empire from further revolts and from the interference of the mainland Greeks, Darius embarked on a scheme to conquer Greece and to punish Athens and Eretria for the burning of Sardis. The first Persian invasion of Greece began in 492 BC, with the Persian general Mardonius successfully re-subjugating Thrace and Macedon before several mishaps forced an early end to the rest of the campaign. In 490 BC a second force was sent to Greece, this time across the Aegean Sea, under the command of Datis and Artaphernes. This expedition subjugated the Cyclades, before besieging, capturing and razing Eretria. However, while en route to attack Athens, the Persian force was decisively defeated by the Athenians at the Battle of Marathon, ending Persian efforts for the time being.
Darius then began to plan to completely conquer Greece, but died in 486 BC and responsibility for the conquest passed to his son Xerxes. In 480 BC, Xerxes personally led the second Persian invasion of Greece with one of the largest ancient armies ever assembled. Victory over the allied Gr ...
Battle of Thermopylae
The Battle of Thermopylae was fought between an alliance of Greek city-states, led by King Leonidas of Sparta, and the Persian Empire of Xerxes I over the course of three days, during the second Persian invasion of Greece. It took place simultaneously with the naval battle at Artemisium, in August or September 480 BC, at the narrow coastal pass of Thermopylae . The Persian invasion was a delayed response to the defeat of the first Persian invasion of Greece, which had been ended by the Athenian victory at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC. Xerxes had amassed a huge army and navy, and set out to conquer all of Greece. The Athenian general Themistocles had proposed that the allied Greeks block the advance of the Persian army at the pass of Thermopylae, and simultaneously block the Persian navy at the Straits of Artemisium.
This video targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
13. Atinska imperija
Uvod u istoriju antičke Grčke (CLCV 205)
U ovoj lekciji, profesor Kagan prati razvoj i moć Persijskog carstva. Takođe objašnjava kako su Persijska imperija i Grčka konačno došle do konflikta kroz nekoliko incidenata koji uključuju Grke Jonjane iz Male Azije, koji su se vremenom razvili u Persijske ratove. Profesor Kagan završava ovu lekciju opisom događaja Maratonske bitke u kojoj su Atinjani porazili Persijance.
00:00 - Poglavlje 1. Uspon Persijske imperije
15:07 - Poglavlje 2. Sukobi sa Persijom
32:40 - Poglavlje 3. Početak Persijskih ratova
37:37 - Poglavlje 4. Dalji razvoj događaja koji vodi ratovanju sa Persijom
49:47 - Poglavlje 5. Maratonska bitka
Kompletan materijal kursa je na raspolaganju na vebsajtu Open Yale Courses website:
Ovaj kurs je snimljen u jesen 2007.