Relatives of Kursk victims arrive for memorial
1. Wide shot Murmansk airport exterior
2. Mid shot plane taxiing on the tarmac
3. Mid shot bus with sign Kursk submarine
4. Close up sign
5. Mid shot relatives of the Kursk crew walking out of the airport building
6. Mid shot relatives standing by the bus
7. Close up baby Yaroslav who was born after the Kursk catastrophe
8. Mid shot relatives with the pushchair
9. Pan relatives walking by
10. Close up relative wiping tears out
11. SOUNDBITE: (Russian) Lyudmila Safonova, mother of Maxim Safonova:
We aren't already waiting for anything. Our son is in the second compartment. When the raising (operation) began, I had the feeling that he would be coming home with the boat. Our grief has grown. It just prolongs our suffering. I would want my son to be buried in the earth.
12. Wide shot train arrives to the Murmansk central train station
13. Close up sign Moscow-Murmansk
14. Mid shot navy officer
15. Wide shot relatives walking
16. Mid shot woman crying
17. Mid shot navy officer
18. SOUNDBITE: (Russian) Galina Belyaeva, widow of Kursk victim:
Well, how have we lived this year? My other half was taken away and you are wondering how I am getting on ?
19. Wide shot Murmansk train station
20. Mid shot relatives walking out of the train station building
21. SOUNDBITE: (Russian), Boris Murachev, father of Kursk victim:
This year was really hard for me. My son died. What do you think if your son is dead, what do you think it feels like? And we still don't know the truth. Everything is just a lie.
22. Wide shot relatives getting on bus
23. Close up woman crying
24. Wide bus driving away
25. Wide shot check point on the way to Vedyaevo, closed city where the Kursk was based
26. Mid shot officers checking the cars
27. Pan of bus with the relatives driving past
28. Mid shot check point
29. Mid shot same
30. Wide shot bus driving away
STORYLINE:
Relatives of the seamen who died on board the ill-fated submarine, the Kursk, began to arrive in Murmansk on Friday.
Memorial ceremonies will be held on Sunday to mark the one-year anniversary of the disaster.
The victims' families were spirited away on buses to the nearby closed city of Vidyaevo, home dock for the submarine, where commemoration ceremonies will be held.
The Kursk submarine exploded during exercises on 12 August 2000, and plunged to the sea bottom.
All 118 men aboard were killed.
International rescue efforts to prepare the submarine to be lifted are underway under the Barents Sea.
The hulk will be lifted in mid-September and brought to dry dock.
You can license this story through AP Archive:
Find out more about AP Archive:
Russia lays to rest 14 officers killed in fire on nuclear-powered submarine
The Kremlin has said it won't release much information as it was on a secret mission, however it has confirmed that the submarine was nuclear powered and that its reactor was not damaged. …
READ MORE :
Subscribe to our channel:
Watch our LIVE here:
Russians mourn officers killed in Russia sub fire | AFP
Dozens of mourners gather in a church near the memorial to 'Seamen who died at peaceful times' in Murmansk to conduct prayers for the officers killed during the fire on a nuclear-powered vessel in the Barents Sea. The seamen died as a result of poisoning from the fumes.
Abonnez-vous à la chaîne de l'AFP, et pensez à activer les notifications ????
Russia: Relatives receive posthumous awards of sailors killed in submersible fire
Subscribe to our channel! rupt.ly/subscribe
Widows and other relatives of the 14 Russian Navy officers who were killed in a fire onboard a submersible on Monday, received posthumous awards on for their loved ones during a funeral ceremony in Saint Petersburg's Serafimovskoye cemetery on Saturday.
Four of the deceased servicemen, namely Andrei Voskresensky, Denis Oparin, Dmitry Solovyov, and Konstantin Somov were granted the title of Hero of Russia, while 10 others received the Order of Courage. Russian President Vladimir Putin had granted the awards posthumously earlier on Saturday.
The sailors died as a result of a fire on their nuclear-powered submersible which Russian Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu has said was caused by a fire in the battery compartment.
Shoigu also praised the heroic actions of the sailors who saved their crew mates' lives and the vessel on Wednesday.
The deceased submariners were buried next to a monument to the victims of the Kursk disaster, when 118 sailors died when the Kursk submarine sank in the Barents Sea in 2000.
Video ID: 20190706-020
Video on Demand:
Contact: cd@ruptly.tv
Twitter:
Facebook:
WRAP Day's events in Vidyayevo on Kursk anniversary
1. Wide of Vidyayevo coast and ships
2. Mid shot Vidyayevo
3. Helicopter coming in to land
4. Ships and submarines docked
5. Various sailors approaching with wreaths (at site of monument to those who have died at sea)
6. Little girl holding flowers
7. Various sailors laying wreaths on hillside near monument
8. Various relatives coming forward to lay flowers alongside wreaths
9. Close ups mourning relatives as they come to lay flowers
10. Wide shot wreaths on bank
11. Wide shot monument to those who have lost their lives at sea
12. Close up monument
13. Various commemorative plaques
14. Wide of monument
15. Procession of people with flowers (on dockside by empty Kursk berth) arriving for another ceremony
16. Various of assembled naval personnel
17. Various of waiting crowds
18. Sailors lined up
19. Sailors letting off gun salute
20. Wide of ceremony with ship and soldiers lined up
21. Wide of sailors and officers approaching
22. Mid shot saluting officers approaching
23. Naval officers
24. Naval officer reading tribute to the Kursk dead
25. Sailor and flag pull out to sailors lined up on submarine deck
26. Sailors lined up on ship deck
27. Officers on launch on sea laying wreaths in water near where Kursk used to dock
28. Wreaths in the water
29. Mourners on boat
30. Wide of Vidyayevo
STORYLINE:
The families of the 118 men killed when the Kursk Russian nuclear submarine sank a year ago have been paying tribute to them at memorial ceremonies.
In the closed naval town of Vidyayevo, where the Kursk crew was based, soldiers laid wreaths at a monument for the sailors who died at sea.
Later on Sunday, a memorial plaque bearing the names of all 118 crew members was unveiled at the pier where the Kursk had once docked.
After a minute's silence, the relatives, many dabbing their eyes with handkerchiefs, laid flowers at the edge of the dock as the sailors' names were read over a loudspeaker.
Some flung roses into the sea.
They then gathered for a service at the town's small wooden church.
The morning sun gave way to rain, and those relatives who couldn't fit inside the church huddled under umbrellas just outside the door.
Church services around the country honoured the sailors who died in the accident on August 12 last year.
Russian media said sailors from the Pacific port of Vladivostok to Sevastopol on the Black Sea observed a minute's silence for the Kursk crew.
The anniversary comes as an international operation is underway to raise the Kursk in mid-September.
Officials say salvaging the vessel could shed light on the cause of the disaster.
The government has said the explosion that sank the Kursk was caused by a practice torpedo.
But it remains unclear whether the torpedo exploded due to a fault - the theory favoured by most outside experts - or by a collision, possibly with a foreign vessel.
Russian officials have tried to turn the salvage operation into a show of openness.
During the crisis last year, the government came under strong criticism for releasing contradictory information.
Most journalists were kept away from Vidyayevo and other closed military towns, and only a state television crew was allowed to report from the site of the disaster.
The Russian Navy is keen now to embrace a spirit of openness and raising the crippled submarine is part of that new approach.
But some fear the salvage operation will reveal little, since the submarine's mangled front compartment, where the explosion occurred, is being left on the floor of the Barents Sea.
Officials say lifting the front compartment could be dangerous since it may contain unexploded torpedoes.
But they have suggested that it could be raised separately at a later date.
You can license this story through AP Archive:
Find out more about AP Archive:
RUSSIA: MURMANSK: WIFE OF KURSK COMMANDER
Russian/Nat
As new evidence emerges that it was an explosion which wrecked the Russian submarine the 'Kursk', crew members' relatives arrived at the vessel's home base in Murmansk.
Many of the relatives were unable to control their emotions and wept openly, in spite of naval officers' attempts at reassurance.
A Russian rescue effort has failed to reach the sub, and experts from Britain and Norway cannot get to the site until the weekend.
Experts reviewing days of rescue efforts to save the Kursk, which is trapped 354 feet down in the Barents Sea, believe the submarine hit what they call a huge, heavy object.
Russian theories about what befell the vessel on Saturday have ranged from a collision with a ship, to an internal explosion, to contact with a World War Two mine.
SOUNDBITE: (Russian)
We hope that all of them are alive, everyone of the crew. The naval officer we talked to here said they have enough food on board to sustain them. They also have warm clothes to put on and they can survive for much longer than two days. That gives us hope. We do believe that they all will be safe.
SUPER CAPTION: Female relative
SOUNDBITE: (Russian)
There's a lot of hearsay about what's going on. I've decided for myself that I will not listen to any rumours. We will just wait and endure. I hope they will tell me the truth when the time comes.
SUPER CAPTION: Irina Lyachin, Wife of 'Kursk' commander
You can license this story through AP Archive:
Find out more about AP Archive:
Russia Buries Submariners Killed In Deadly Fire
Mourners gathered at the Serafimovskoye cemetery in St. Petersburg on July 6 for the funerals of 14 Russian Navy officers killed in a submarine fire. A convoy of hearses was seen to enter the guarded cemetery.
Originally published at -
Russia: Sevastopol marks anniversary of Kursk nuclear submarine tragedy
A mourning ceremony was held in Sevastopol, Saturday, to commemorate the 17th anniversary of the Kursk nuclear submarine tragedy in which 118 sailors lost their lives after the vessel sank in the Barents Sea.
Following the prayer, sailors of the Black Sea Fleet and relatives who had lost their loved ones in the Kursk tragedy headed to Kommunarov Cemetery. Mourners laid flowers for the deceased crewmen, many of whom hailed from Sevastopol and worked in the submarine at various posts, ranging from midshipmen to senior officers.
SOT, Yuri Orekhovski, Deputy Commander of Black Sea Fleet (Russian): More drills and training of various types are being conducted so that such a tragedy would never happen again. New equipment is more reliable [and] has a higher degree of protection. That is also a factor [in ensuring that] such tragedies do not happen again.
Video ID: 20170812 027
Video on Demand:
Contact: cd@ruptly.tv
Twitter:
Facebook:
Mourners gather in Moscow to honour military plane crash victims
Russia marks a day of mourning as thousands of rescuers search for bodies in the Black Sea following the crash of a Syria-bound military plane carrying 92 people.
South Korea Helicopter Crash - Return from Ferry Sewol Accident Site
Return from Ferry Sewol Accident Site
RUSSIA: RELATIVES OF KURSK CREW TOLD NO HOPE(V)
Voice and effects
XFA
VOICED BY: LOUISE BATES
Norwegian officials said on Monday that there was no hope of finding any survivors alive on a sunken Russian submarine after divers had determined that the badly-damaged vessel was completely flooded.
The news was broadcast on Russian television.
For the relatives of the crew members, the news was too much and many of them broke down in tears.
VOICE-OVER:
After more than a week, it must have seemed inevitable.
The announcement on Russian television that there was no longer any hope for the 118 crew members of the submarine Kursk was greeted by some with grim acceptance.
Many relatives of the crew members were waiting at Moscow airport for a specially chartered plane to take them to Murmansk.
In spite of the news, this relative refused to abandon hope, but acknowledged that even her faith had almost seeped away.
SOUND-UP: (Russian) Relative of sailor on board Kursk submarine
Those travelling by train continued to arrive at Murmansk railway station in their hundreds.
They were met by naval officers who gave them what comfort they could.
There was little more they could do.
In spite of recent criticism of the government, the relatives seemed reluctant to complain. This relative spoke only of the difficulties the government faced.
SOUND-UP: (Russian) Wife of submariner on board the Kursk
As may have been expected the general mood in Murmansk was subdued.
People gathered on corners or loitered in shop doorways.
This woman says she believed that the submarine had been flooded from the very start, that there never had been any hope.
SOUND-UP: (Russian) Vox pop
But whatever the truth, the submarine Kursk and its crew will remain long in the memory of the Russian people.
You can license this story through AP Archive:
Find out more about AP Archive:
41 people killed in fiery Russian plane crash.
41 people on board a Russian Aeroflot passenger plane were killed on Sunday after the aircraft caught fire as it made a bumpy emergency landing at Moscow's Sheremetyevo airport.
Forty-one people died after a Russian plane made an emergency landing and burst into flames just after takeoff from Moscow's Sheremetyevo airport.
Dramatic video shows passengers using emergency exit slides to escape the burning Aeroflot aircraft.
Survivors suggest the plane was struck by lightning, but Russia's national carrier said only that it returned to the airport for technical reasons.
Two children are among the dead. The jet had 73 passengers and five crew.
Initial reports suggested the plane had landed on fire, but sources quoted by Russian news agency Interfax said the jet caught fire after a very bumpy landing.
The aircraft landed with full fuel tanks because the crew lost contact with air traffic controllers and decided it was too dangerous to dump fuel over Moscow, Interfax added.
There are 37 survivors - 33 passengers and four members of the crew, said Yelena Markovskaya, an official involved in the investigation of the crash.
A flight attendant was also reportedly killed in the incident. Five people are in hospital. One witness said it was a miracle anyone escaped.
Тайна пропавших без вести солдат раскрыта??/Раскопки Второй Мировой войны
Август 2019-го года. В нескольких десятках метров от оживленного шоссе на берегу Свири поисковики наткнулись на следы пропавших в 1941 году без вести красноармейцев. Удастся ли найти солдат? Как выглядит и что помнит поле боя почти 80 лет спустя?
Вопросы автору:
Дым Отечества Вконтакте:
ПОДДЕРЖАТЬ КАНАЛ:
Сбербанк 4276 5500 5914 6186
Яндекс:
Дым Отечества - официальный канал поискового отряда Озерный (Санкт-Петербург) и мемориально-исторического района Куутерселькя 1944 (Ленинградская область). Мы занимаемся поиском советских и финских солдат, пропавших без вести во время Зимней войны и Великой Отечественной войны, исследованием малоизвестных страниц истории и памятников военной поры. Военная археология - это наше хобби и смысл жизни. Нам не интересны раскопки просто ради железа и артефактов - в каждой находке мы пытаемся увидеть часть истории, стараемся прикоснуться к судьбе ее владельца. Многие из наших находок - те, что не противоречат законодательству РФ и не представляют опасности - можно увидеть на наших выставках и экскурсиях в мемориально-историческом районе Куутерселькя 1944 - Все найденные нами бойцы, вне зависимости от того, к какой армии принадлежали, с воинскими почестями обретают покой в братских могилах, либо отправляются на родину. Мы не занимаемся политикой и политиканством, наш интерес - военная история в том виде, в каком ее помнит сама земля.
WRAP Reax and morning pix after gunman killed 10 and self; PM ADDS police presser
SHOTLIST
1. Wide of road into town
2. Close of town sign by roadside
3. Wide of candle vigil outside school
4. Close of candles
5. Policeman patrolling in front of school building
6. Police barrier
7. Wide of three policemen guarding school
8. Flag at half mast
9. Set up of Kauhajoki Mayor, Antti Rantakokko, being interviewed
10. SOUNDBITE (English) Antti Rantakokko, Mayor of Kauhajoki:
Yes, I think that is in this law but in my point of view is it so we can't imagine that that can happen to the young guys. And they can't say before. And also, I think in our mentality some people are not discussing so much and it may be also in our country's mentality.
11. School seen behind police tape
12. SOUNDBITE (English) Antti Rantakokko, Mayor of Kauhajoki:
I think so that we must, that our government must think about what to do with this (gun laws). It may be too easy to get these guns, it may be.
13. Wide of police news conference
14. SOUNDBITE (English) Urpo Lintala, Detective Superintendent in charge of investigation:
Then on the Monday, the film on the internet includes picture where he was shooting on the track, only that, no threats, only the shooting video there. Then the officer made his decision that there is no reason to get the gun away from him and released him, that was the case. Yesterday morning the gunman has left more information on the internet where he threats, and it was too late then.
15. Finnish prime minister arriving at news conference
16. SOUNDBITE (English) Matti Vanhanen, Finnish Prime Minister:
We have had a very long tradition where you can get a license for a gun if there are no special reasons why police cannot give the license. But, after this type of behaviour, my personal opinion is that we especially now study the cases: can people get license to a hand gun so freely like it has been used in Finland. So I'm very, very critical for these hand guns and during next few months we will make a decision about that.
17. Mid of photographer
18. SOUNDBITE (Finnish) Matti Vanhanen, Finnish Prime Minister:
It was a good and an important thing that the police got these hints in advance and that they reacted to the hints and the person was interviewed already on Monday. We will obviously investigate what the foundation was for the decision to let him keep his weapon.
19. Vanhanen leaving news conference
20. Pan of newspaper headlines
21. Various of newspaper front pages
23. Candle vigil, zoom in of candles
STORYLINE
Solemnly leading his country in a day of mourning, Finland's prime minister called for tighter gun laws on Wednesday as he visited the site of a fiery school massacre that left 10 victims dead.
A 22-year-old student armed with a .22 calibre handgun and petrol bombs opened fire on classmates at a vocational college in Kauhajoki on Tuesday, killing 10 others and burning their bodies before turning the gun on himself.
It was Finland's second deadly school shooting in less than a year.
Prime Minister Matti Vanhanen said it was time to consider restricting access to guns in a country with deeply held hunting traditions and over 1.6 (m) million firearms in private hands.
Finland ranks in the top five nations in the world when it comes to civilian gun ownership.
After this type of behaviour, my personal opinion is that we especially now study the cases: can people get licence to a hand gun so freely, Vanhanen told reporters in Kauhajoki, 180 miles (290 kilometres) northwest of Helsinki.
I'm very, very critical for these hand guns and during next few months we will make a decision about that, he added.
Vanhanen and other ministers visited Kauhajoki, a town of 14-thousand people, as flags flew half-staff on a national day of mourning.
You can license this story through AP Archive:
Find out more about AP Archive:
2000 - Russia: Submarine Rescue Operations: Families (2)
It is almost a week since the pride of the Russian submarine fleet, atomic submarine cruiser the Kursk, crashed to the bottom of the Barents Sea, leaving more than a hundred men on board trapped.
And the families of the Kursk crewmen can keep calm no longer.
Since Monday when the news broke, relatives of the men on board the Kursk were arriving to Murmansk to be taken by the navy to the Vidyaevo base that the Kursk used to call its home harbour.
Today, when Ilya Klebanov, the Vice Prime minister of Russia who was appointed to head the rescue efforts in the Barents Sea, came to offer the words of comforts to the families, he was met by the show of outrage by some of the desperate people who all but lost hope to see their loved ones again.
SOUNDBITE: (Russian)
For those 50-70 dollars a month that they get they are now sitting trapped that damned tin can? How long would it last? What was raising him for? Tell me, do you have your own children? Ah? I presume, you don`t have children! Don't you understand? They get nothing! You have everything there (in Kremlin) but we have nothing here! You can provide us neither for life, nor for military service! Nothing!
SUPER CAPTION: Mother of crew member of Kursk
Russian/Nat
XFA
You can license this story through AP Archive:
Find out more about AP Archive:
Russia says submarine involved in deadly fire is a top secret vessel
The Russian military submarine where 14 sailors were killed in a fire is a top secret vessel and will not be identified, the Kremlin said. Russian media reports have increasingly suggested that it was a secretive nuclear-powered submersible used for deep water exploration and perhaps spying. Russia’s military on Tuesday announced the sailors’ deaths, but said the fire had occurred the day before when one of its submersibles was conducting scientific tests in Russian waters in the Barents Sea. The submarine is now in the Arctic port of Severomorsk. Russian officials have been tight-lipped about the incident, declining to name the submarine involved or even how many crew were aboard. Russian media reports, however, citing defense sources, have identified the submarine as the AS-12, a small deep-water submarine capable of operating at extreme depths and nicknamed the Losharik. The Losharik is one the Russian navy’s most secretive vessels and details about its design are hazy. But Russian state media reports over the years have allowed navy enthusiasts to build up a picture over years. Unarmed and nuclear-powered, Russian state media reports have suggested it can dive as deep as 10,000 feet. Relatively small, the Losharik reportedly can hold 25 crew and be attached to the bottom of much larger submarines. Designed in the late 1980s and launched in 2003, Russia has also largely succeeded in keeping the submarine out of view and only a few photographs of what are believed to be the submarine exist. The newspaper RBC quoted a defense source that the fire had occurred on a lower-able capsule connected to the Losharik rather than the submersible itself. Russian officials refused to confirm the reports. The Kremlin’s spokesman, Dmitry Peskov, on Wednesday told reporters that he could not identify the submarine because it was top secret. It belongs to the highest level of classified data, so it is absolutely normal for it not to be disclosed,” Peskov said. He also declined to say whether the submarine had a nuclear reactor aboard. President Vladimir Putin on Tuesday also described the submarine as not an ordinary vessel. Russia has not said what caused the fire, but Norway’s nuclear safety agency on Tuesday told Reuters it had been informed by Russia that there had been a “gas explosion” on the submarine. Russia’s defense ministry denied it had communicated anything to the Norwegians. Norway’s Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority also told Reuters that it had carried out tests and that there was no sign of elevated radiation levels in the area where the fire occurred, suggesting the submarine’s reactor had not been damaged. The secrecy around the incident has fueled speculation that the submarine likely conducts spying missions and details emerging around the crew seemed to support the idea that the submarine was the Loshirak. Multiple Russian news outlets on Tuesday reported that the vessel's crew are assigned to a military ba
Russia by the Numbers: Which Domestic Industries Are on the Rise at Home?
Subscribe to Vesti News
RUSSIA IN NUMBERS
What economic branches are on the rise?
Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, also known as the Nazi–Soviet Pact, the Hitler–Stalin Pact, the German–Soviet Nonaggression Pact or the Nazi German–Soviet Pact of Aggression (officially: Treaty of Non-aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), was a neutrality pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union signed in Moscow on 23 August 1939 by foreign ministers Joachim von Ribbentrop and Vyacheslav Molotov, respectively. The pact was followed by the German–Soviet Commercial Agreement in February 1940.
The pact secretly delineated the spheres of interest between the two powers, confirmed by the supplementary protocol of the German–Soviet Frontier Treaty amended after the joint invasion of Poland. It remained in force for nearly two years, until the German government of Adolf Hitler ended the pact by launching an attack on the Soviet positions in Eastern Poland during Operation Barbarossa on 22 June 1941.The clauses of the Nazi–Soviet Pact provided a written guarantee of non-belligerence by each party towards the other, and a declared commitment that neither government would ally itself to, or aid, an enemy of the other party. In addition to stipulations of non-aggression, the treaty included a secret protocol that divided territories of Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland, and Romania into German and Soviet spheres of influence, anticipating territorial and political rearrangements of these countries. Thereafter, Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939. Soviet Union leader Joseph Stalin ordered the Soviet invasion of Poland on 17 September, one day after a Soviet–Japanese ceasefire at the Khalkhin Gol came into effect. In March 1940, parts of the Karelia and Salla regions in Finland were annexed by the Soviet Union after the Winter War. This was followed by Soviet annexations of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and parts of Romania (Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina, and the Hertza region). Advertised concern about ethnic Ukrainians and Belarusians had been proffered as justification for the Soviet invasion of Poland. Stalin's invasion of Bukovina in 1940 violated the pact, as it went beyond the Soviet sphere of influence agreed with the Axis.The territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union after the 1939 Nazi–Soviet invasion of Poland remained in the USSR at the end of World War II. The new border was set up along the Curzon Line. Only the region around Białystok and a small part of Galicia east of the San river around Przemyśl were returned to the Polish state from that line. Of all other territories annexed by the USSR in 1939–40, the ones detached from Finland (Karelia, Petsamo), Estonia (Ingrian area and Petseri County) and Latvia (Abrene) remain part of the Russian Federation, the successor state of the USSR upon the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. The territories annexed from Romania had also been integrated into the Soviet Union (as the Moldavian SSR, or oblasts of the Ukrainian SSR); nowadays, the core of Bessarabia forms Moldova, while the northern part of Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina, and Hertza form the Chernivtsi Oblast of Ukraine, and Southern Bessarabia is part of the Odessa Oblast, also in Ukraine.
After the war, von Ribbentrop was convicted of war crimes and executed. Molotov died aged 96 in 1986, five years before the USSR's dissolution.
The existence of the secret protocol was denied by the Soviet government until 1989, when it was finally acknowledged and denounced. Vladimir Putin while condemning the pact as 'immoral' has also defended the pact as a necessary evil.
I.Witness - Fast Youth / Endless Adolescence
Live @ Black Label Bar, Murmansk, 08.01.2010
Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, named after the Soviet foreign minister Vyacheslav Molotov and the Nazi German foreign minister Joachim von Ribbentrop, officially the Treaty of Non-aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and also known as the Ribbentrop–Molotov Pact or Nazi–Soviet Pact, was a non-aggression pact signed in Moscow in the late hours of 23 August 1939.
The pact's publicly stated intentions were a guarantee of non-belligerence by either party towards the other and a commitment that neither party would ally itself to or aid an enemy of the other party. This latter provision ensured that Germany would not support Japan in its undeclared war against the Soviet Union along the Manchurian-Mongolian border, ensuring that the Soviets won the Battles of Khalkhin Gol.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video