Bolivia Vacation Travel Guide | Expedia
Bolivia – Welcome to the “Rooftop of the World” where you can experience breathtaking landscapes, ancient civilizations and colorful wildlife. Check out the best things to see and do in Bolivia.
When ready, browse vacation packages to Bolivia:
A #vacation to #Bolivia, a landlocked South American country, holds the promise of discovery for adventurous souls. While pretty Sucre is Bolivia’s judicial capital, La Paz is its political capital and also its main tourist hub.
Journey high to the Mirador Laikacota for city views. Deep in the valley below #visit the central Plaza Murillo, home to the most precious buildings: the Presidential Palace, National Congress and Metropolitan Cathedral. Stay near the Plaza San Francisco for its proximity to hidden gems, such as the curious Witches’ Market, the Musical Instrument Museum and the Coca Museum.
Bolivia is a diamond in the rough; relatively undeveloped, but extremely authentic, colorful and cultural. Bolivia’s riches shine through in the country’s high altiplanos, its floating reed islands on Lake Titicaca, the silver mines of Potosi, the infinite salt flats of the Salar de Uyuni and the untamed tropical lowlands in the vast Amazon basin.
For now, we hope you enjoy watching this #travel #guide as much as we enjoyed making it.
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DIY Destinations (4K) - Bolivia Budget Travel Show | Full Episode
Watch it free without ads on Amazon Prime Video:
In this episode of DIY Destinations featuring the best of Bolivia. We'll visit La Paz's breathtaking lookout Mirador Killi Killi, Plaza Murillo, the famous Witches' Market (Mercado de las Brujas), Valley of the Moon (Valle de la Luna), all done using public transportation and cable cars Mi Teleferico. We'll also visit Bolivia's most known attraction Salar de Uyuni Salt Flats, Laguna Hedionda, Laguna Colorada and San Pedro de Atacama border crossing. We'll also visit the off the beaten path attraction of Cerro Rico silver mines and witness its shocking working conditions. In Cochabamba, we'll visit many of its beautiful squares and hike up to see the Cristo de la Concordia Christ, and Bolivia's most important culture centre, Simon I. Patino Cultural Center. As well as constitutional capital of Bolivia, the city of Sucure and Casa de la Libertad where declaration of independence was signed. We end the episode with a visit to Tiwanaku, UNESCO site, Copacabana's famous Isla del Sol Sun Island and Lake Titicaca and attempt to climb Huayna Potosi and bike the world's most dangerous Dead Road, Yungas Rd. We'll try out many of Bolivia famous food including, Mocochinchi, Fritanga, and Silpancho.
TACNA | La HERMOSA CIUDAD HEROICA del PERÚ (QUE HACER y QUE CONOCER)
Hola Aventurer@s!!!
Acompáñenme a conocer TACNA | La HERMOSA CIUDAD HEROICA del PERÚ (QUE HACER y QUE CONOCER)
Tacna es una ciudad del sur Perú, capital del departamento homónimo y está ubicada a una altura promedio de 562 m.s.n.m, en un fértil valle en medio del desierto costero peruano.
La ciudad de Tacna fue declarada Ciudad Heroica por el Congreso de la República del Perú por sus servicios distinguidos a la causa de la Independencia.
También se le denomina así debido a la defensa, fervor, heroísmo y fidelidad de sus habitantes, durante la Guerra con Chile.
Desde la década del 40 del siglo XX, la ciudad ha experimentado un fuerte crecimiento demográfico, comercial y turístico, que ha permitido el desarrollo político, económico y social de la ciudad!!
Así que aventurer@s no lo duden más VENGAN Y CONOZCANLO ????!!!
#Tacna #Tacnaturismo #Tacnaperú
????VÍDEO ANTERIOR - EL INCREÍBLE VALLE DE GÉISERES DE CANDARAVE | TACNA - CÓMO LLEGAR (IMPERDIBLE):
▶
Cualquier consulta aventureros, me lo dejan en los comentarios y por favor SUSCRIBANSE, MUCHAS GRACIAS!!
???? SUSCRÍBETE PARA PRÓXIMOS VÍDEOS :
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???? SÍGUEME:
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History of the Jews in Latin America and the Caribbean | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
History of the Jews in Latin America and the Caribbean
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
The history of the Jews in Latin America began with conversos who joined the Spanish and Portuguese expeditions to the continents. The Spanish permitted only Christians to take part in New World expeditions after its Crown expelled the Jews in 1492.
After the expulsion, many Sephardic Jews migrated to the Netherlands, France and eventually Italy, from where they joined other expeditions to the Americas. Others migrated to England or France and accompanied their colonists as traders and merchants. By the late 16th century, fully functioning Jewish communities were founded in the Portuguese colony of Brazil, the Dutch Suriname and Curaçao; Spanish Santo Domingo, and the English colonies of Jamaica and Barbados. In addition, there were unorganized communities of Jews in Spanish and Portuguese territories where the Inquisition was active, including Colombia, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Mexico and Peru. Many in such communities were crypto-Jews, who had generally concealed their identity from the authorities.
By the mid-17th century, the largest Jewish communities in the Western Hemisphere were located in Suriname and Brazil. Several Jewish communities in the Caribbean, Central and South America flourished, particularly in those areas under Dutch and English control, which were more tolerant. More immigrants went to this region as part of the massive emigration of Jews from eastern Europe in the late 19th century. During and after World War II, many Ashkenazi Jews emigrated to South America for refuge. In the 21st century, fewer than 300,000 Jews live in Latin America. They are concentrated in Argentina, Brazil and Mexico, with the first considered the center of the Jewish population in Latin America.
ORIZABA - State Art Museum - (english version)
Originally built as an Oratory and Convent by the citizens of the City of Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico and the Catholic Philipense Order, with special support of the Church of Ntra. Sra. de Guadalupe's founding Father, Benito Garcia; the convent is inaugurated in 1774.
The Saint Philipe Order was encharged of the Oratory until the year 1859 when the new Leyes de Reforma (Laws of Reform) removed the order from their beautiful building and confiscated it to become part of the nation's property.
On June 14th, 1862, during the war with Mexico, the french troops of Napoleon III invaded the city and took possession of the old Convent turning it into a military hospital for it's more than 5,000 troops stationed in the city.
In 1864, the building was seriously damaged by the numerous earthquakes that plagued the region for two years. The building had been repaired previously after the 1819 earthquake. Part of the structure had to be demolished this time and rebuilt, taking it's new and current inside look.
The buliding was rehabilitated into a Disabled Children's Hospital in 1867; the first Civil Hospital, Ignacio de la Llave in 1873 used the entire building as such until 1910 when the second loggia was turned into a Women's Jail. In 1938, by Lazaro Cardenas's presidential decree, the bulding is officially converted into the newly established Hospital del Seguro Social (Social Security Hospital). Over one hundred years the building operated as a hospital until the morning of August 28th, 1973, when the worst earthquake suffered in the city's history destroyed a great deal of the buliding's structure, forcing the Civil Hospital to leave it's old building. The remains of the salvaged structure was turned into a temporary morgue and a municipal archive warehouse (the ancestor of today's modern City Archive).
By State and Federal decree, the old Oratorio de San Felipe Neri is finally repaired for two years and gloriously rescued to convert it into the Casa de la Cultura (Cultural Center) of Orizaba and later on into the Art Museum of today. The current museum was inaugurated on November 27th of 1992.
The Museum houses a fabulous collection of Veracruz Art from the begining of the XVIII until the middle of the XX Century, with special emphasis on the Orizaba School Painters, such as the great Orizaba's Jose Justo Montiel, the Veracruz painters, Salvador Ferrando, Alberto Fuster and the wonderful Juan Cordero (born in Tezuitlan, Puebla -part of Veracruz in those years-), works of impressive artistic quality, such as those of the Colonial Master Miguel Cabrera and XIX Century's magnificent landscaper Jose Maria Velasco, as well as other great mexican painters, Eugenio Landesio, Carlos Rivera and Carlos Nebel among others.
The museum also houses a collection of paintings from passing artists that made of the Valley of Orizaba the object of their artistic inspitration.
In 2004, the museum added to it's treasures a famous collection of paintings by painter Diego Rivera. Achieving with this last aquisition, the fulfillment of one the most important Art Collections outside Mexico City. Nowadays, the Museo de Arte del Estado de Veracruz is one of the main cultural attractions of the City of Orizaba.
Discover the Art of Veracruz
ORIZABA
the Magic City
This video was made with photographic material taken from the internet, material that belongs -copyrights- to the many artists, of great artistic talent, who took them. With no lucrative purpose, only to promote the beauty of Orizaba.
I want to thank all those who capture the essence of Orizaba and it's people, among those :
Enrique Lopez Tamayo, Rolando Lino Mina, Diane Tatis, Ritter Walder, Mario Fabela, Angeles PT, Rafael Dorantes, Jesus Guzman Moya, Arturo Andrade, Isakun, Sangroncito, Building Demolisher, Marco Antonio Flores Lozano, Andres Jaquez -Paco-, John Todd Jr., David Panofsky, David Smith, Alan Arnette, Cgman, Tim Kuepfer, Andrew Cmu, Cliff Maloney, Kyle C. Hanson, Malacatonche, Carlos-1 Phato, Jonw55, Makai, webmaster, razieldeofilio, Jesus Rodriguez, Hugo Jr, Gerardo Gonzalez Vazquez, chrisgarcis, Jorge Alberto Vega, Angelucho Cancino, Darkfals, Claudio0307, Roverach, Skullkid, LAriabian, Mariel, Desfronter, Hector Castellanos, raicho7, zkrlet, Alma Moncada, Igor Roji, Protaro, Raul Villagrana, KamiKase, cris07, Holly Hayer and many more photographers that without their unique artistic sense and interest in Orizaba, this video could not have been made.
My deepest gratitude
.
List of national founders | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
List of national founders
00:00:25 1 Africa
00:00:34 1.1 span
00:01:21 1.2 span
00:01:43 1.3 span
00:02:05 1.4 span
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00:10:19 2 Asia
00:10:27 2.1 span
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00:13:25 2.5 span
00:13:49 2.6 span
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00:15:32 2.9 span
00:15:41 2.9.1 Ancient
00:15:59 2.9.2 Modern
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00:33:16 3 Europe
00:33:25 3.1 span
00:34:07 3.2 span
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00:34:59 3.4 span
00:35:22 3.5 span
00:36:05 3.6 span
00:36:48 3.7 span
00:37:47 3.8 span
00:37:55 3.8.1 Ancient
00:38:42 3.8.2 Modern
00:40:01 3.9 span
00:40:46 3.10 span
00:41:36 3.11 span
00:41:44 3.11.1 Before 1861
00:42:10 3.11.2 Modern Italy
00:43:03 3.12 span
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00:44:18 3.15 span
00:44:38 3.16 span
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00:47:33 3.19 span
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00:51:10 3.25 span
00:52:06 3.26 span
00:52:30 3.27 span
00:53:03 3.28 Switzerland
00:53:40 3.29 span
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00:55:16 4 Americas
00:55:25 4.1 span
00:55:38 4.2 span
00:55:54 4.3 span
00:56:14 4.4 span
00:56:59 4.5 span
00:57:46 4.6 Caribbean Community
00:58:17 4.7 span
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01:03:01 4.15 span
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01:05:03 4.19 span
01:05:33 5 Oceania
01:05:42 5.1 span
01:06:43 5.2 span
01:07:01 5.3 span
01:07:16 5.4 span
01:07:59 5.5 span
01:08:22 5.6 span
01:08:40 6 Former states and other territories
01:08:50 6.1 Arabia
01:09:42 6.2 span
01:10:33 6.3 span
01:11:01 6.4 span
01:11:16 6.5 span
01:11:56 6.6 Korea
01:12:36 6.7 span
01:14:05 6.8 span
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01:15:00 6.10 span
01:15:10 6.11 span
01:16:17 6.12 span
01:16:31 6.13 span
01:16:47 6.14 span
01:17:15 6.15 span
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The following list of national founding figures is a record, by country, of people who were credited with establishing their nation. National founders are typically those who played an influential role in setting up the systems of governance, (i.e., political system form of government, and constitution), of the country. They can also be military leaders of a war of independence that led to the existence of the country.
Andes | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Andes
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
The Andes or Andean Mountains (Spanish: Cordillera de los Andes) are the longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along the western edge of South America. This range is about 7,000 km (4,300 mi) long, about 200 to 700 km (120 to 430 mi) wide (widest between 18° south and 20° south latitude), and of an average height of about 4,000 m (13,000 ft). The Andes extend from north to south through seven South American countries: Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile and Argentina.
Along their length, the Andes are split into several ranges, separated by intermediate depressions. The Andes are the location of several high plateaus – some of which host major cities such as Quito, Bogotá, Arequipa, Medellín, Sucre, Mérida and La Paz. The Altiplano plateau is the world's second-highest after the Tibetan plateau. These ranges are in turn grouped into three major divisions based on climate: the Tropical Andes, the Dry Andes, and the Wet Andes.
The Andes Mountains are the world's highest mountain range outside Asia. The highest mountain outside Asia, Argentina's Mount Aconcagua, rises to an elevation of about 6,961 m (22,838 ft) above sea level. The peak of Chimborazo in the Ecuadorian Andes is farther from the Earth's center than any other location on the Earth's surface, due to the equatorial bulge resulting from the Earth's rotation. The world's highest volcanoes are in the Andes, including Ojos del Salado on the Chile-Argentina border, which rises to 6,893 m (22,615 ft).
The Andes are also part of the American Cordillera, a chain of mountain ranges (cordillera) that consists of an almost continuous sequence of mountain ranges that form the western backbone of North America, Central America, South America and Antarctica.
La Paz
Nuestra Señora de La Paz (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈnwes.tɾa seˈɲoɾa ðe la pas]; English: Our Lady of Peace; Aymara: Chuquiago Marka or Chuqiyapu), commonly known as La Paz, is Bolivia's third most-populous city, the seat of the country's government and the capital of La Paz Department. It is located on the western side of Bolivia at an elevation of roughly 3,650 m (11,975 ft) above sea level.
It is, de facto, the world's highest administrative capital. While the official capital of Bolivia (and its seat of justice) is Sucre, La Paz has more government departments.
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Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
Quito
Quito (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkito]), formally San Francisco de Quito, is the capital city of Ecuador, and at an elevation of 9,350 feet (2,800 meters above sea level), it is the highest official capital city in the world. (La Paz, the de facto capital of Bolivia, is higher.) It is located in north-central Ecuador in the Guayllabamba river basin, on the eastern slopes of Pichincha, an active stratovolcano in the Andes mountains. With a population of 2,671,191 according to the last census (2014), Quito is the second most populous city in Ecuador, after Guayaquil. It is also the capital of the Pichincha province and the seat of the Metropolitan District of Quito. The canton recorded a population of 2,239,191 residents in the 2010 national census. In 2008, the city was designated as the headquarters of the Union of South American Nations.
The historic center of Quito has one of the largest, least-altered and best-preserved historic centers in the Americas. Quito, along with Kraków, were the first World Cultural Heritage Sites declared by UNESCO in 1978. The central square of Quito is located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) south of the equator; the city itself extends to within about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) of zero latitude. A monument and museum marking the general location of the equator is known locally as la mitad del mundo (the middle of the world), to avoid confusion, as the word ecuador is Spanish for equator.
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Spanish colonization of the Americas | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Spanish colonization of the Americas
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
The overseas expansion under the Crown of Castile was initiated under the royal authority and first accomplished by the Spanish conquistadors. The Americas were incorporated into the Spanish Empire, with the exception of Brazil, Canada, and several other small countries in South America and The Caribbean. The crown created civil and religious structures to administer the region. The motivations for colonial expansion were trade and the spread of the Catholic faith through indigenous conversions.
Beginning with the 1492 arrival of Christopher Columbus in the Caribbean and continuing control of vast territory for over three centuries, the Spanish Empire would expand across the Caribbean Islands, half of South America, most of Central America and much of North America (including present day Mexico, Florida and the Southwestern and Pacific Coastal regions of the United States). It is estimated that during the colonial period (1492–1832), a total of 1.86 million Spaniards settled in the Americas and a further 3.5 million immigrated during the post-colonial era (1850–1950); the estimate is 250,000 in the 16th century, and most during the 18th century as immigration was encouraged by the new Bourbon Dynasty. In contrast, the outcome for indigenous populations was much worse, with an estimated 8 million deaths during the initial conquest, making this the first large-scale act of genocide in the modern era.Spain enjoyed a cultural golden age in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries when silver and gold from American mines increasingly financed a long series of European and North African wars. Spanish wars of conquest included laying waste much of the Netherlands and a disastrous attempt to invade England.
In the early 19th century, the Spanish American wars of independence resulted in the emancipation of most Spanish colonies in the Americas, except for Cuba and Puerto Rico, which were finally given up in 1898, following the Spanish–American War, together with Guam and the Philippines in the Pacific. Spain's loss of these last territories politically ended the Spanish rule in the Americas.
Cardiff | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:52 1 Etymology
00:04:37 2 History
00:04:45 2.1 Origins
00:07:48 2.2 Norman occupation to the Middle Ages
00:10:01 2.3 County town of Glamorganshire
00:12:46 2.4 Building of the docks
00:15:12 2.5 City and capital city status
00:19:21 3 Government
00:21:06 3.1 Local government
00:22:40 4 Geography
00:25:32 5 Cityscape
00:28:04 6 Climate
00:30:32 7 Demography
00:33:22 7.1 Health
00:34:37 7.2 Language
00:37:37 7.2.1 Language schools
00:38:09 7.3 Religion
00:41:30 8 Economy
00:46:09 8.1 Shopping
00:47:35 9 Transport
00:47:44 9.1 Rail
00:48:45 9.2 Air
00:49:14 9.3 Road and bus
00:50:18 9.4 Cycle
00:51:07 9.5 Water
00:51:50 10 Telecommunications
00:52:50 11 Education
00:55:44 12 Landmarks and attractions
01:00:07 13 Culture and recreation
01:01:10 13.1 Music and performing arts
01:04:18 13.2 Visual arts
01:04:44 13.3 Recreation
01:07:13 14 Media
01:08:51 15 Sport
01:18:22 16 Notable people
01:20:55 17 Twin towns and sister cities
01:21:42 18 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
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- improves your listening skills
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- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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Speaking Rate: 0.9979524185589206
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Cardiff (Welsh: Caerdydd [kairˈdiːð, kɑːɨrˈdɨːð] (listen)) is the capital of Wales, and its largest city. The eleventh-largest city in the United Kingdom, it is Wales's chief commercial centre, the base for most national cultural institutions and Welsh media, and the seat of the National Assembly for Wales. At the 2011 census, the unitary authority area population was estimated to be 346,090, and the wider urban area 479,000. Cardiff is a significant tourist centre and the most popular visitor destination in Wales with 21.3 million visitors in 2017. In 2011, Cardiff was ranked sixth in the world in National Geographic's alternative tourist destinations.Cardiff is the county town of the historic county of Glamorgan (and later South Glamorgan). Cardiff is part of the Eurocities network of the largest European cities. A small town until the early 19th century, its prominence as a major port for the transport of coal following the arrival of industry in the region contributed to its rise as a major city. In 1905, Cardiff was made a city and proclaimed the capital of Wales in 1955. At the 2011 Census the population was 346,090. The Cardiff Built-up Area covers a slightly larger area outside the county boundary and includes the towns of Dinas Powys and Penarth.
Since the 1980s, Cardiff has seen significant development. A new waterfront area at Cardiff Bay contains the Senedd building, home to the Welsh Assembly and the Wales Millennium Centre arts complex. Current developments include the continuation of the redevelopment of the Cardiff Bay and city centre areas with projects such as the Cardiff International Sports Village, a BBC drama village, and a new business district in the city centre.
Sporting venues in the city include the Principality Stadium—the national stadium and the home of the Wales national rugby union team—Sophia Gardens (the home of Glamorgan County Cricket Club), Cardiff City Stadium (the home of Cardiff City football team and the Wales football team), Cardiff International Sports Stadium (the home of Cardiff Amateur Athletic Club), Cardiff Arms Park (the home of Cardiff Blues and Cardiff RFC rugby union teams) and Ice Arena Wales (the home of Cardiff Devils ice hockey team). The city hosted the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games. The city was awarded the title of European City of Sport twice, due to its role in hosting major international sporting events: first in 2009 and again in 2014. The Principality Stadium hosted 11 football matches as part of the 2012 Summer Olympics, including the games' opening event and the men's bronze medal match.
Economy of Colombia
Colombia is an upper middle-income economy, and is Latin America’s fourth largest and Middle America’s second largest economy measured by gross domestic product.
Petroleum is Colombia's main export, making over 45% of Colombia's exports. Manufacturing makes up nearly 12% of Colombia's exports, and grows at a rate of over 10% a year. Colombia has the fastest growing information technology industry in the world and has the longest fibre optic network in Latin America. Colombia also has one of the largest shipbuilding industries in the world outside Asia.
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Article text available under CC-BY-SA
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Hugo Chávez | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Hugo Chávez
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías (; Spanish: [ˈuɣo rafaˈel ˈt͡ʃaβes ˈfɾi.as]; 28 July 1954 – 5 March 2013) was a Venezuelan politician who was President of Venezuela from 1999 to 2013. Chávez was also leader of the Fifth Republic Movement political party from its foundation in 1997 until 2007, when it merged with several other parties to form the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV), which he led until 2012.
Born into a working-class family in Sabaneta, Barinas, Chávez became a career military officer, and after becoming dissatisfied with the Venezuelan political system based on the Puntofijo Pact, he founded the clandestine Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200 (MBR-200) in the early 1980s. Chávez led the MBR-200 in an unsuccessful coup d'état against the Democratic Action government of President Carlos Andrés Pérez in 1992, for which he was imprisoned. Released from prison after two years, he founded a political party known as the Fifth Republic Movement and was elected President of Venezuela in 1998. He was re-elected in 2000 and again in 2006 with over 60% of the votes. After winning his fourth term as president in the October 2012 presidential election, he was to be sworn in on 10 January 2013, but Venezuela's National Assembly postponed the inauguration to allow him time to recover from medical treatment in Cuba. Suffering a return of the cancer originally diagnosed in June 2011, Chávez died in Caracas on 5 March 2013 at the age of 58.Following the adoption of a new constitution in 1999, Chávez focused on enacting social reforms as part of the Bolivarian Revolution. Using record-high oil revenues of the 2000s, his government nationalized key industries, created participatory democratic Communal Councils and implemented social programs known as the Bolivarian missions to expand access to food, housing, healthcare and education. Venezuela received high oil profits in the mid-2000s, resulting in temporary improvements in areas such as poverty, literacy, income equality and quality of life occurring primarily between 2003 and 2007, though these gains started to reverse after 2012 and it has been argued that government policies did not address structural inequalities. Overall, Chávez's populist policies eventually led to a severe socioeconomic crisis in Venezuela.On 2 June 2010, Chávez declared an economic war due to shortages in Venezuela, beginning the crisis in Bolivarian Venezuela. By the end of Chávez's presidency in the early 2010s, economic actions performed by his government during the preceding decade such as deficit spending and price controls proved to be unsustainable, with Venezuela's economy faltering while poverty, inflation and shortages in Venezuela increased. Chávez's presidency also saw significant increases in the country's murder rate and continued corruption within the police force and government. His use of enabling acts and his government's use of Bolivarian propaganda were also controversial.Internationally, Chávez aligned himself with the Marxist–Leninist governments of Fidel and then Raúl Castro in Cuba, as well as the socialist governments of Evo Morales (Bolivia), Rafael Correa (Ecuador) and Daniel Ortega (Nicaragua). His presidency was seen as a part of the socialist pink tide sweeping Latin America. Chávez described his policies as anti-imperialist, being a prominent adversary of the United States's foreign policy as well as a vocal critic of U.S.-supported neoliberalism and laissez-faire capitalism. He described himself as a Marxist. He supported Latin American and Caribbean cooperation and was instrumental in setting up the pan-regional Union of South American Nations, the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas, the Bank of the South and the regional television network TeleSUR. Chavez's ideas, programs, and style form the basis of Chavismo, a politic ...