A LABOUR OF LOVE - MONTAGU PASS TOLL HOUSE
Old Toll House, George, South Africa - Built and re-built. 2018 destroyed in a fire. Now being re-built.
Plans afoot to rebuild the Montague Pass Old Toll House
Plans are already underway at George in the Southern Cape to rebuild a provincial heritage site that was destroyed in the devastating Garden Route fires. The Old Toll House on the Montague Pass was gutted in the blaze in October 2018. The nearly 200 year old building was beautifully restored in the past few years. One of several fund raising events for the rebuild was held at the George Museum.
For more news, visit: sabcnews.com
Charleston 2CV6 Montagu pass
Took a afternoon drive along the old toll house pass, George South Africa with my 2CV. #2cv6
Old Toll house undergoes major repair and restoration
As part of Heritage Day celebrations, a major repair and restoration operation took place at the Old Toll house on the scenic and historical Montagu Pass, outside George in the Southern Cape. The national heritage site, which had been completely renovated about five years ago, burnt down during the widespread Garden Route fires last year.
Since then, the local community have been working towards raising funds to restore the landmark to its former glory.
For more news, visit: sabcnews.com
Cradock Peak Hike on the Garden route South Africa
Some friends and I went for a training hike up one of the highest peaks in our area called Cradock Peak .Its a 6-7 hour hike which is simply amazing the views from the summit are incredible. We took the whole day to do it so we could just take it slow and soak it all up. Do some research before you walk it , the weather can change quiet quick and be sure to take enough food and a phone with you.
The music I used was :
Title: Tomorrow
Artist: Bensound
Genre: Cinematic
Mood: Inspirational
I just love this track.
I used my olympus tracker for most of the shooting and my canon G7x.
Hope you enjoy.
TOLL HOUSE TRAGEDY
OLD TOLL HOUSE IN GEORGE SOUTH AFRICA, LEGEND OF harp player locked up to die inside The Old Toll House, she still plays on. This iconic Historical building burned in the fire August 2018 on the Outeniqua mountain. It is currently being restored.
Tierkloof 1 of 3
Tierkloof Waterfall Circular Trail, Outeniqua/Witfontein Nature Reserve, George, Garden Route, Southern Cape, Western Cape, South Africa, 2018dec16sun1430-1930. Click the subtitle/closed captions icon in the video for more info.
Slower hikers might want to set aside more than five hours for the entire circular route.
Part 1: From the old Toll House, across the Keur River, up to the railway tracks.
Part 2: Along the tracks, through two tunnels (small waterfall along the way).
Part 3: Down the Cradock Pass oxwagon trail, back to the Toll House.
It is possible to go up, and back down again, by way of the Cradock Pass oxwagon trail, which might be a shorter route. Google Maps is your friend.
It is not recommended to leave your vehicle(s) at the Toll House. Rather arrange for a friend to drop and fetch you again.
2019 TOLL HOUSE RESTORATION AFTER FIRE
In August 2018 there was a wild fire on the Outeniqua Mountain in George South Africa. The historical building the Old Toll House burned and precious old artefacts were destroyed. The Friends of the Toll House are busy with the restoration project. This is a progress report.
Tierkloof 3 of 3
Tierkloof Waterfall Circular Trail, Outeniqua/Witfontein Nature Reserve, George, Garden Route, Southern Cape, Western Cape, South Africa, 2018dec16sun1430-1930. Click the subtitle/closed captions icon in the video for more info.
Slower hikers might want to set aside more than five hours for the entire circular route.
Part 1: From the old Toll House, across the Keur River, up to the railway tracks.
Part 2: Along the tracks, through two tunnels (small waterfall along the way).
Part 3: Down the Cradock Pass oxwagon trail, back to the Toll House.
It is possible to go up, and back down again, by way of the Cradock Pass oxwagon trail, which might be a shorter route. Google Maps is your friend.
It is not recommended to leave your vehicle(s) at the Toll House. Rather arrange for a friend to drop and fetch you again.
New Jersey | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
New Jersey
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the Northeastern United States. It is a peninsula, bordered on the north and east by the state of New York; on the east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on the west by the Delaware River and Pennsylvania; and on the southwest by the Delaware Bay and Delaware. New Jersey is the fourth-smallest state by area but the 11th-most populous, with 9 million residents as of 2017, and the most densely populated of the 50 U.S. states. New Jersey lies completely within the combined statistical areas of New York City and Philadelphia and is the third-wealthiest state by median household income as of 2016.New Jersey was inhabited by Native Americans for more than 2,800 years, with historical tribes such as the Lenape along the coast. In the early 17th century, the Dutch and the Swedes made the first European settlements in the state. The English later seized control of the region, naming it the Province of New Jersey after the largest of the Channel Islands, Jersey, and granting it as a colony to Sir George Carteret and John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton. New Jersey was the site of several decisive battles during the American Revolutionary War in the 18th century.
In the 19th century, factories in cities (known as the Big Six), Camden, Paterson, Newark, Trenton, Jersey City, and Elizabeth helped to drive the Industrial Revolution. New Jersey's geographic location at the center of the Northeast megalopolis, between Boston and New York City to the northeast, and Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington, D.C., to the southwest, fueled its rapid growth through the process of suburbanization in the second half of the 20th century. In the first decades of the 21st century, this suburbanization began reverting with the consolidation of New Jersey's culturally diverse populace toward more urban settings within the state, with towns home to commuter rail stations outpacing the population growth of more automobile-oriented suburbs since 2008.
The Girl in the Cafe (2005)
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Timeline of the history of Gibraltar | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Timeline of the history of Gibraltar
00:00:12 1 Prehistoric
00:01:54 2 Ancient
00:02:51 3 Muslim rule
00:08:06 4 Castilian/Spanish rule
00:14:38 5 The War of the Spanish Succession
00:15:52 5.1 The Gibraltar capture
00:22:40 5.2 The first Spanish siege (Twelfth Siege of Gibraltar)
00:24:24 5.3 During the rest of the war
00:26:02 6 British rule
00:26:11 6.1 Treaty of Utrecht
00:27:38 6.2 Until the Peninsular Wars
00:35:25 6.3 Until the Second World War
00:39:45 6.4 Second World War and after
00:55:00 6.5 Twenty-first century
01:03:46 7 See also
01:04:00 8 Notes
01:04:08 9 Bibliography
01:05:21 10 External links
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The history of Gibraltar portrays how The Rock gained an importance and a reputation far exceeding its size, influencing and shaping the people who came to reside here over the centuries.
The Hunchback of Notre Dame Audiobook by Victor Hugo | Audiobook with Subtitles | Part 1
The Hunchback of Notre Dame
Victor HUGO , translated by Isabel Florence HAPGOOD
One of the great literary tragedies of all time, The Hunchback of Notre Dame features some of the most well-known characters in all of fiction - Quasimodo, the hideously deformed bellringer of Notre-Dame de Paris, his master the evil priest Claude Frollo, and Esmeralda, the beautiful gypsy condemned for a crime she did not commit. (Summary by Mark Nelson)
Genre(s): Literary Fiction
Chapters:
00:00:30 | 1. Preface and Book 1: I - The Grand Hall
00:39:41 | 2. Book 1: II - Pierre Gringoire
01:03:14 | 3. Book 1: III - Monsieur the Cardinal
01:20:56 | 4. Book 1: IV - Master Jacques Coppenole
01:44:03 | 5. Book 1: V - Quasimodo
02:01:39 | 6. Book 1: VI - Esmeralda
02:07:15 | 7. Book 2: I - From Charybdis to Scylla
02:14:16 | 8. Book 2: II - The Place de Grave
02:20:34 | 9. Book 2: III - Kisses for Blows
02:46:46 | 10. Book 2: IV - The Inconvenience of Following a Pretty Woman through the Streets in the Evening
02:58:04 | 11. Book 2: V - Result of the Dangers
03:03:43 | 12. Book 2: VI - The Broken Jug
03:51:55 | 13. Book 2: VII - A Bridal Night
04:15:40 | 14. Book 3: I - Notre-Dame
04:38:32 | 15. Book 3: II - A Bird's-eye View of Paris
05:45:06 | 16. Book 4: I - Good Souls
05:54:18 | 17. Book 4: II - Claude Frollo
06:07:46 | 18. Book 4: III - Immanis Pecoris Custos, Immanior Ipse
06:28:26 | 19. Book 4: IV - The Dog and his Master
06:31:52 | 20. Book 4: V - More about Claude Frollo
06:47:48 | 21. Book 4: VI - Unpopularity
06:50:08 | 22. Book 5: I - Abbas Beati Martini
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Brisbane City Council Meeting - 3 September 2019
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AIR Dibrugarh Online Radio Live Stream
ALL INDIA RADIO: DIBRUGARH
PROGRAMME SCHEDULE: FOR THURSDAY 16-01-2020 & FRIDAY 17-01-2020
M.W 529.1m/KHz.567 F.M. 101.30 MHz
PROGRAMME SCHEDULE: For THURSDAY 16.01.2020
TRANSMISSION III (3.28 PM to 10.30 PM)
3.28 AIR Signature Tune/Opening Announcement
3.30 Mishing Geet: Artist: Dimbeswar Panging & Pty
3.45 Programme in Mijumishimi
4.05 Programme in Khampti
4.25 Programme in Wanchoo
4.45 News in Hindi
4.55 News in English
5.00 Programme in Idu
5.20 Programme in Tangsa
5.40 Programme in Nocte
6.00 Anchalik Batori
6.05 Programme Summery
6.10 Vrindagaan:
6.15 LAKHIMI: (Gaya Mahilar Anusthan) Talk on “Bartaman Samayat Bridhashromor Prayojoniota”
With Saroj Bordoloi
6.45 Sandhiyar Anchalik Batori
6.55 Aajir Prasanga
7.00 News in Hindi
7.05 News in Assamese
7.15 “YUVABANI”: (Youth Programme) Sahitya Shitan 1. Self Composed Poem Recitation By Dipankar Dutta 2. Talk: “Biswar Bibhnna Deshor Rashtriya Patakar Bishoye Kichu Kotha By Kshripkalpa Gogoi
7.45Adhunik Geet: Artist: Dilip Dutta (Rpt)
8.00 Time & Meter Reading: Sponsored Programme: GYANMALINI Dibrugarh Vishya Vidyalayar Dur-Sikhya Sanchalakya Projojana Kora Sikhayarthir Sokolor Babe Anatar Path Dan Anusthan:
8.30 Gnan Bijnan: Talk on “Popiya Torar Kotha” By Dr. Pranabjyoti Chutia Part: II
8.40 Programme Highlight
8.42 Commercial Spot:
8.45 Samachar Sandhya:
9.00 News at Nine:
9.15 Commercial Spot:
9.16 Bare Rahania: (Bihugeet) Artist: Dikhshu
9.25 Nichar Anchalik Batori:
9.30 Anubhavar Geet: Presented by Bandana Hazarika
10.00 Report on Khelo India Fit India 2020Held at Guwahati
10.30 Close Down.
PROGRAMME SCHEDULE: For FRIDAY 17.01.2020
TRANSMISSION I (05.28 AM to 9.35 AM)
5:28 AIR Signature Tune:
5:30 Vandemataram/Opening Announcement Mangal Badya
5:35 Bhaktigeeti: 1. Artist: Bandana Sharma (Borgeet-Madhabdev) 2. Artist: Nanu Buragohain & Pty (Diha Naam) 3.Artist: Rajani Sharma (Lokageet) 4. Artist: Someswar Dowarah & Pty (Tokarigeet) 5.Artist: Modhuwanti A. Chetri (Meera Bhajan)
6:00 News in Hindi:
6:05 Gandhi Chinta & Programme Summary:
6:10 Swasthya Charcha: Interview on “Migraine” With Dr. Narayan Upadhayay Part: XI
6:15 Bidyarthir Anusthan:
6:30 Gandhi Prarthana
6: 45 Folk Music: (Zikir) Artist: Mukibur Rahman & Pty
7: 05 News in Assamese
7: 15 Ajir Dinto: / (Morning Information Service)
7.30 Quotation: GEETANJALI: 1. Artist: Bhupen Hazarika Lyc: Jyoti Prasad Agarwala, Mure Jibanare… 2. Artist: Sangeeta Borthakur & Papori Das Lyc: Jyoti Prasad Agarwala, Aaideure Bulonite… 3. Artist: Adity Baruah Lyc: Jyoti Prasad Agarwala, Aagbarit Phulile… 4. Artist: Khagen Dutta Lyc: Jyoti Prasad Agarwala, Kun Kot Acho… 5. Artist: Deepa Goswami Lyc: Jyoti Prasad Agarwala, Mur Aaji…
7:55 Commercial Spot:
8:00 Samachar Prabhat:
8:15 Morning News:
8:30 North East News Bulletin in English:
8:35 “SURAR PANCHOI” (Composite) Assamese Film Songs
8:50 Puwar Anchalik Batori:
9:00 Jilar Rehrup:
9:05 “ANTARA” (Composite) Hindi Film Songs/
9.35 Close Down.
TRANSMISSION II (11.28 AM to 3.30 PM)
11.58 AIR Signature Tune/Opening Announcement
12.00 News in English
12.05 LIVE PHONE IN SURAR SATSORI (Live Phone in Request Programme)
1:00 News in English:
1:05 News in Hindi :
1:10 Troops Programme/
1.40 News in Assamese
1:50 Adhunik Geet: Artist: Deepalima Dowarah Chaliha
2.00 Khetir Diha
2.05 Ghazal: Artist: Talat Aziz
2.15 Dopahar Samachar
2.30 Western Music:
3.00 Close Down.
TRANSMISSION III (3.28 PM to 10.30 PM)
3.28 AIR Signature Tune/Opening Announcement
3:30 Deori Song: Artist: Sayender Deori & Pty
3:45 Programme in Mijumishimi
4:05 Porogramme in Khampti
4:25 Programme in Wanchoo
4:45 News in Hindi
4.55 News in English
5:00 Programme in Idu
5.20 Programme in Tangsa
5.40 Programme in Nocte
6:00 Anchalik Batori
6.05 Programme Summary & Highlight
6.10 Vrindagaan:
6.15 GANYA RAIJOR ANUSTHAN (Rural Programme) Interview on “Shit Kalot Hua Bibhinna Petor Akhukh”
With Dr. Mriganka Baruah
6:45 Sandhiyar Anchalik Batori
6:55 Ajir Prasanga
7.00 News in Hindi
7.05 News in Assamese
7. 15 CHAH SRAMIKAR ASOR (T.G. Programme) 1. Tushu Geet by Swapna Tanti & Pty 2. Self-Composed Poem Recitation by Mintu Tanti
7.45 Adhunik Geet: Artist: Deepalima Dowarah Chaliha
8.00 Time & Metre Reading: Jivanar Digh Bani (Radio Autobiography) Interview with Homen Borgohain (Eminent Writer, Journalist) Interviewer Jayanti Chutia Part: I
8.30 University B’cast; Talk on: Factors Contributing to Unemployment In India by Moon Moon Sarmah
8.40 Programme Highlight
8.42 Commercial Spot:
8.45 Samachar Sandhya:
9.00 News at Nine:
9.15 Commercial Spot:
9:16 Bare Rahania: (Kabita Aabitri) Artist: Rasananda Gogoi & Syed Sadullah
9:25 Nishar Anchalik Batori
9.30 Assamese & Hindi Film Song: Film: Bishesh Erati, Chitchor, Bonjui, Janta Hawalder, Bristi, Gharaonda
10.00 Report on the day’s events of the “Khelo India Fit India 2020” held at Guwahati
10.30 Close Down.
Biological racism | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:34 1 Antecedents
00:02:43 1.1 Enlightenment thinkers
00:03:21 1.1.1 Robert Boyle vs. Henri de Boulainvilliers
00:05:50 1.1.2 Lord Kames
00:06:24 1.1.3 Carl Linnaeus
00:10:27 1.1.4 John Hunter
00:10:58 1.1.5 Charles White
00:12:05 1.1.6 Buffon and Blumenbach
00:14:05 1.1.7 Benjamin Rush
00:14:58 1.1.8 Christoph Meiners
00:18:50 1.2 Later thinkers
00:18:58 1.2.1 Thomas Jefferson
00:22:06 1.2.2 Samuel Stanhope Smith
00:22:40 1.2.3 Georges Cuvier
00:24:37 1.2.4 Arthur Schopenhauer
00:25:46 1.2.5 Franz Ignaz Pruner
00:26:33 2 Racial theories in physical anthropology, 1850–1918
00:27:41 2.1 Charles Darwin
00:33:47 2.2 Arthur de Gobineau
00:35:31 2.3 Karl Vogt
00:36:11 2.4 Herbert Hope Risley
00:36:36 2.5 Ernst Haeckel
00:38:10 2.6 Nationalism: de Lapouge and Herder
00:39:54 2.7 Craniometry and physical anthropology
00:41:09 2.7.1 Samuel George Morton
00:44:05 2.8 Nicolás Palacios
00:44:56 2.9 Monogenism and polygenism
00:46:00 2.10 Typologies
00:49:01 3 Ideological applications
00:49:11 3.1 Nordicism
00:50:18 3.2 Justification of slavery in the US
00:54:18 3.3 South African apartheid
00:57:06 3.4 Eugenics
00:59:55 4 Interbellum to World War II
01:00:47 4.1 Early intelligence testing and the Immigration Act of 1924
01:04:31 4.2 Sweden
01:05:58 4.3 Nazi Germany
01:08:54 4.4 United States
01:13:06 5 After 1945
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9787587678257983
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-E
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Scientific racism (sometimes referred to as race biology), is the pseudoscientific belief that empirical evidence exists to support or justify racism (racial discrimination), racial inferiority, or racial superiority. Historically, scientific racist ideas received credence in the scientific community but are no longer considered scientific.Scientific racism employs anthropology (notably physical anthropology), anthropometry, craniometry, and other disciplines or pseudo-disciplines, in proposing anthropological typologies supporting the classification of human populations into physically discrete human races, that might be asserted to be superior or inferior. Scientific racism was common during the period from 1600s to the end of World War I. Since the second half of the 20th century, scientific racism has been criticized as obsolete and discredited, yet historically has persistently been used to support or validate racist world-views, based upon belief in the existence and significance of racial categories and a hierarchy of superior and inferior races.After the end of World War II, scientific racism in theory and action was formally denounced, especially in UNESCO's early antiracist statement The Race Question (1950): The biological fact of race and the myth of 'race' should be distinguished. For all practical social purposes 'race' is not so much a biological phenomenon as a social myth. The myth of 'race' has created an enormous amount of human and social damage. In recent years, it has taken a heavy toll in human lives, and caused untold suffering. Such biological fact has not reached a consensus as developments in human evolutionary genetics showed that human genetic differences are often gradual.The term scientific racism is generally used pejoratively as applied to more modern theories, as in The Bell Curve (1994). Critics argue that such works postulate racist conclusions unsupported by available evidence such as a connection between race and intelligence. Publications such as the Mankind Quarterly, founded explicitly as a race-conscious journal, are generally regarded as platforms of scientific racism for publishing articles on fringe interpretations of human evolution, intelligence, ethnography, language, mythology, archaeology, and race subjects.
New Jersey | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
New Jersey
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the Northeastern United States. It is a peninsula, bordered on the north and east by the state of New York; on the east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on the west by the Delaware River and Pennsylvania; and on the southwest by the Delaware Bay and Delaware. New Jersey is the fourth-smallest state by area but the 11th-most populous, with 9 million residents as of 2017, and the most densely populated of the 50 U.S. states. New Jersey lies completely within the combined statistical areas of New York City and Philadelphia and is the third-wealthiest state by median household income as of 2016.New Jersey was inhabited by Native Americans for more than 2,800 years, with historical tribes such as the Lenape along the coast. In the early 17th century, the Dutch and the Swedes made the first European settlements in the state. The English later seized control of the region, naming it the Province of New Jersey after the largest of the Channel Islands, Jersey, and granting it as a colony to Sir George Carteret and John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton. New Jersey was the site of several decisive battles during the American Revolutionary War in the 18th century.
In the 19th century, factories in cities (known as the Big Six), Camden, Paterson, Newark, Trenton, Jersey City, and Elizabeth helped to drive the Industrial Revolution. New Jersey's geographic location at the center of the Northeast megalopolis, between Boston and New York City to the northeast, and Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington, D.C., to the southwest, fueled its rapid growth through the process of suburbanization in the second half of the 20th century. In the first decades of the 21st century, this suburbanization began reverting with the consolidation of New Jersey's culturally diverse populace toward more urban settings within the state, with towns home to commuter rail stations outpacing the population growth of more automobile-oriented suburbs since 2008.
City of Riviera Beach, FL. TV Live Stream: Council Meeting December 4th*, 2019
Three Men and a Maid by P. G. Wodehouse
Three Men and a Maid in the USA and The Girl on the Boat in the UK, is a typical P.G. Wodehouse romantic comedy, involving, at various times: a disastrous talent quest, a lawyer with a revolver, a bulldog with a mind of his own and a suit of armour!
The maid, or marriageable young woman, is red-haired, dog-loving Wilhelmina Billie Bennet. The three men are Bream Mortimer, a long-time friend and admirer of Billie, Eustace Hignett, a poet of sensitive disposition who is engaged to Billie at the opening of the tale, and Sam Marlowe, Eustace's would-be-dashing cousin, who falls for Billie at first sight. All four find themselves on an ocean liner headed for England together, along with an elephant-gun-wielding young woman called Jane Hubbard who is smitten with Eustace the poet. Typically Wodehousian romantic shenanigans ensue.
Chapter 1 - 00:00
Chapter 2 - 22:05
Chapter 3 - 1:03:32
Chapter 4 - 1:21:19
Chapter 5 - 1:50:26
Chapter 6 - 2:03:33
Chapter 7 - 2:13:04
Chapter 8 - 2:32:36
Chapter 9 - 2:43:07
Chapter 10 - 3:00:14
Chapter 11 - 3:05:34
Chapter 12 - 3:22:28
Chapter 13 - 3:35:40
Chapter 14 - 3:48:36
Chapter 15 - 4:09:08
Chapter 16 - 4:28:34
Read by Tim Bulkeley (
Scientific racism | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Scientific racism
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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Scientific racism (sometimes referred to as race biology, racial biology, or race realism) is the pseudoscientific belief that empirical evidence exists to support or justify racism (racial discrimination), racial inferiority, or racial superiority. Historically, scientific racist ideas received credence in the scientific community but are no longer considered scientific.Scientific racism employs anthropology (notably physical anthropology), anthropometry, craniometry, and other disciplines or pseudo-disciplines, in proposing anthropological typologies supporting the classification of human populations into physically discrete human races, that might be asserted to be superior or inferior. Scientific racism was common during the period from 1600s to the end of World War I. Since the second half of the 20th century, scientific racism has been criticized as obsolete and discredited, yet historically has persistently been used to support or validate racist world-views, based upon belief in the existence and significance of racial categories and a hierarchy of superior and inferior races.After the end of World War II, scientific racism in theory and action was formally denounced, especially in UNESCO's early antiracist statement The Race Question (1950): The biological fact of race and the myth of 'race' should be distinguished. For all practical social purposes 'race' is not so much a biological phenomenon as a social myth. The myth of 'race' has created an enormous amount of human and social damage. In recent years, it has taken a heavy toll in human lives, and caused untold suffering. Such biological fact is no longer considered to exist as developments in human evolutionary genetics showed that human genetic differences are nearly totally gradual.The term scientific racism is generally used pejoratively as applied to more modern theories, as in The Bell Curve (1994). Critics argue that such works postulate racist conclusions unsupported by available evidence such as a connection between race and intelligence. Publications such as the Mankind Quarterly, founded explicitly as a race-conscious journal, are generally regarded as platforms of scientific racism for publishing articles on fringe interpretations of human evolution, intelligence, ethnography, language, mythology, archaeology, and race subjects.