Evening walk in old Kyiv- Ukraine - جولة مسائية في كييف القديمه - يوكرانيا
An evening walk in old Kyiv (Kiev, Ukraine)
Monument to Mykhailo Hrushevsky (most important national figure in 20th century in Ukraine)
National Opera of Ukraine
Bohdan Khmelnytsky Monument
Monument to Victims of Famine in 1933 (Ukraine suffered from famine in 1932-1933)
Ministry of foreign affairs building
Volodymyrska Hill
Volodymyr- the Great Monument
Mykhailo Hrushevsky, History of Ukraine-Rus', Vol. 10, Marko Stech
Remarks by Marko Stech at the public book launch of History of Ukraine-Rus', Vol. 10, by Mykhailo Hrushevsky (Історія України-Руси, Михайло Грушевський) and celebration of the Life of the Hon. John Yaremko, St. Vladimir Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 7 December 2014.
St. Vladimir Institute
This publication is available for purchase at CIUS Press
Stefan Bandera & Mykhailo Hrushevsky (Lviv, Ukraine)
Mykhailo Hrushevsky museum where photos or videos were not permitted to Stefan Banderas monument in the center of the square...
Last Debate with Stalin: Ukrainian Writers in Moscow, 1929, Serhy Yekelchyk
Serhy Yekelchyk: The Last Debate with Stalin: Ukrainian Writers in Moscow, 1929, Danylo Husar Struk Memorial Lecture, St. Vladimir Institute, Toronto, Canada, 3 May 2018.
- Introduction by Maxim Tarnawsky
- 6:01 Remarks by Serhy Yekelchyk
- 6:53 I will talk about an event and its implications, draw theoretical conclusions, introduce two puzzles, conclude with two epilogues
- 7:36 Event occurred on 12 February 1929. Delegation of Ukrainians arrived in Moscow by special carriage in a train
- 8:18 Substantial delegation of about 40 writers, included prominent theatre and film directors such as Olexandr Dovzhenko, Les Kurbas (Олександр Довженко, Лесь Курбас), and opera stars
- 9:48 Not all trends of Ukrainian culture were represented at this meeting e.g. Serhiy Yefremov (Сергій Єфремов) who was denounced for being a nationalist. Those who go to Moscow have to denounce Yefremov, Mykhailo Hrushevsky and others, including neo-classics such as Mykola Zerov, Maksym Rylsky (Микола Зеров, Максим Рильський)
- 11:17 Impossible to buy bread in Moscow, bread coupons
- 12:18 These Ukrainians know they are meeting Stalin. Discussed questions in advance. When they arrive at the Kremlin it is Lazar Kaganovich (Лазар Каганович) they meet instead
- 13:24 Described by Volodymyr Sosiura (Володимир Сосюра)
- 13:54 Kaganovych spoke in poor Ukrainian, but Ukrainians were shocked he spoke any Ukrainian at all
- 14:09 In the middle of Kaganovych's speech, Stalin enters. Ukrainians were shocked at how small he was
- 15:07 Stalin invites the writers to ask questions. Stalin's delivers a boring speech
- 16:21 Things start going wrong because Stalin is not prepared
- 17:47 Ukrainians start asking political questions: Valerian Polischuk (Валер'ян Поліщук) ask Stalin whether it is possible to unite areas of the Russian republic populated primarily by Ukrainians in Voronezh, Kursk Republic and Kuban
- 19:04 Stalin asks about Halychyna, a part of Ukraine not in the Soviet Union yet. Stalin thought Halychyna was the most important cultural part of Ukraine
- 20:44 Andriy Khvylya (Андрій Хвиля) explains to Stalin his misunderstanding of Halychyna
- 21:49 Stalinist campaign against Jews in late 1940s
- 22:32 Stalin asks questions about the difference of Ukrainian language in Halychyna and 'Velyka Ukrayina'. Writers arrived with their own agenda to the meeting with Stalin
- 23:32 They watch a play of Mikhail Bulgakov's (Михаил Булгаков) The White Guard (Дни Турбиных)
- 23:42 Mykola Kulish (Микола Куліш) has his wallet stolen
- 26:20 Stalin is confronted: Aren't we suppose to fight both Ukrainian nationalism and Russian imperial chauvinism? Stalin goes on the defensive
- 28:15 Ukrainian writers fight back, interrupt Stalin
- 28:56 Lazar Kaganovich interjects
- 29:10 Ostap Vyshnya (Остап Вишня)
- 29:20 Stalin becomes really upset with the Ukrainians
- 30:28 Ukrainian writers were mislead thinking they were invited to promote their agenda to Stalin
- 30:45 Maxim Gorky
- 32:09 Moment of transition: Program of 'Ukrainization' (Українізація). People leave Polish rule and return to Ukraine in the Soviet Union. Stalin's version of culture is sanitized, ethnicised, political component removed
- 33:45 Soviet monuments to Taras Shevchenko (Тарас Шевченко)
- 34:45 Ukrainian opera Zaporozhets za Dunayem (Запорожець за Дунаєм) by Semen Hulak-Artemovsky
- 36:15 Mykola Khvylovy (Микола Хвильовий); Ukrainian graphic artists; Mykhailo Boychuk (Михайло Бойчук) school of 1920s, Ukrainian monumental fresco like political art seen as an achievement
- 37:36 When Ukrainian writers return to Kharkiv and Kyiv informers report to the Secret police: Stalin was disoriented, clueless about Galicia, the Ukrainian language
- 38:45 Serhy Yefremov utters enigmatic phrase А ти, Марку, грай...
- 39:42 White Guard by Bulgakov is not a typical Stalinist play
- 41:10 Why would a white, monarchist play be made into a film shown a loop on Soviet television? It allows for Russian nationalist monarchist identity without adding a name to it, sends a signal about Russian identity. It rehabilitates Russian empire and its attitude to Ukrainians. Stalin rehabilitated Bulgakov twice
- 44:21 Allows for the belittlement of Ukrainian culture and language as laughable
- 44:54 Olexandr Dovzhenko brought his film 1929 Arsenal (Арсенал) to Moscow
- 50:40 Pavlo Usenko (Павло Усенко) report of the 1929 meeting with Stalin amazed me
- 52:24 When the writers return to Kharkiv and Kyiv arrests begin. Maksym Rilsky and Mykhailo Hrushevsky both arrested and confess
- 53:35 Great Terror of 1933-34 comes early to Ukraine. Some arrested then are killed in 1937 in Sandarmokh, a whole generation of Ukrainian culture die in Stalin's gulag, in a way predicted by Pavlo Usenko. Ostap Vyshnya, a satirist, survived the gulag. His funeral in 1956 was an early sign of De-Stalinization (десталинизация) of Ukrainian cultural life
Recording sponsored by St. Vladimir Institute
Kievan Rus' - Ukraine Origins (Київська Русь)
Kievan Rus' or more correctly Kyivan Rus' (Ukraine - Україна) - The first state to arise among the Eastern Slavs and Ukrainians. It took its name from the city of Kyiv, the seat of the grand prince from about 880 until the beginning of the 13th century. At its zenith, it covered a territory stretching from the Carpathian Mountains to the Volga River, and from the Black Sea to the Baltic Sea. The state's rapid rise and development was based on its advantageous location at the intersection of major north-south and east-west land and water trade routes with access to two major seas, and favorable local conditions for the development of agriculture. In the end, however, the state's great size led to the development of centrifugal tendencies and local interests that limited its political and social cohesion. This, and its proximity to the Asian steppes, which left it vulnerable to invasions of nomadic hordes, eventually contributed to the decline of Kyivan Rus'.
In the 8th century, the territory of Kyivan Rus' was inhabited by a number of tribes who shared a common proto-Slavic language, pagan beliefs, and life-style. The ancestors of the Ukrainians included the Polianians, Siverianians, Derevlianians, Dulibians, White Croatians, Ulychians, and Tivertsians. The proto-Russian Krivichians, Viatichians, and Radimichians and the proto-Belorussian Drehovichians also lived on the lands that eventually constituted Kyivan Rus'. The Polianians were the largest and most developed of the tribes; according to the Rus' Primary Chronicle, their prince Kyi founded the city of Kyiv in the 6th century. None of the tribes, however, was able to create a viable state, and in the 9th century the Varangians from Scandinavia formed specific union with the tribes and laid the groundwork for the Kyivan Rus' state.
The question of the origins of Kyivan Rus' still produces controversy among historians. The oldest, or Normanist theory rests mainly on a literal interpretation of the Primary Chronicle and stresses the role of the Varangians as the first leaders and organizers of the state. Ukrainian historians, beginning with Mykhailo Maksymovych and followed by Mykola Kostomarov, Volodymyr Antonovych, Mykhailo Hrushevsky, Dmytro Bahalii, Dmytro Doroshenko, Mykola Chubaty, and others, have generally downplayed the Varangian influence on the formation of Rus'.
(Kiewer Rus - Kievriget - Rus de Kiev - Kiievi-Vene - Kiovan Venäjä - Rus' de Kiev - Kijevi Rusz - Rus' di Kiev - Kijevo Rusia - Kievse Rijk - Kievriket - Ruś Kijowska - Киевская Русь - Київська Русь)
History: UKRAINE
Crimea:
Cossacks helped Russia get Crimea from Turkey 39:43
Donbas (East) 56:55
Crimea turned over to Ukraine 2:16:28
Russia 12:46 / 31:16
UKRAINE - THE BIRTH OF A NATION (2008) / A Jerzy Hoffman Film
1:34 Kyiv (401 - 500)
2:16 Byzantium (330–1453)
2:45 Princess Olga (890 - 969) adopted Christianity
3:28 Chersonesus in Crimea
4:06 Volodymyr the Great (958 - 1015)
4:29 Prince Yaroslav the Wise (978 - 1054)
4:39 Saint Sophia's Cathedral (1100)
5:31 Anna the Queen of France (1030 – 1075)
6:41 Volodymyr II Monomakh (1053-1125)
7:20 Yuri Dolgorukiy (1099 - 1157)
7:26 Moscow
7:37 The Mongols
10:16 The Principality of Galicia–Volhynia or Kingdom of Rus
10:49 Lviv
12:37 Ivan III of Russia (1440-1505)
12:46 The myth about Russia
13:07 Crimea
13:53 Roxolana (1502 – 1558)
15:20 serfdom (Polish oppression)
15:40 printing press
17:14 Zaporizhian Sich
18:33 Ukraine replaces the name Rus
18:40 cossack
20:15 Brest Union
20:18 The uniates
21:08 Hetman Sagaidachny (1570 - 1622)
23:05 Orthodoxy
23:28 Yarema Vyshnevetsky (1612 – 1651)
23:31 Catholicism
24:54 Bohdan Khmelnytsky (1595 – 1657)
30:04 The Pereyaslav Council -------------------------------------------------1654
34:39 Ivan Mazepa (1639 - 1709)
37:06 The Battle of Poltava on 27 June 1709
40:11 Zaporizhian Sich (1552-1709)
40:27 Solovki
French Revolution--------------------------------------------------------------------- 1789
47:03 Dumy - historical ballads
48:18 Greek Catholic Church banned
48:49 Kyiv University (1833)
49:48 The Order of Basilian Fathers
50:55 Taras Shevchenko (1814 - 1861) (age 47)
54:57 Blue and yellow banner
55:45 The Cyril and Methodius Brotherhood
56:32 national liberation movement
56:55 Crimean War ----------------------------------------------------- 1853 to 1856
57:07 Alexander II (1818 - 1881) abolished serfdom
57:26 city of Donetsk (1868)
58:56 Green wedge
59:23 Volodymyr Antonovych (1834 - 1908)
59:28 Mykhailo Drahomanov (1841-1895 )
1:00:42 Lesya Ukrainka (1871 - 1913) (aged 42)
1:02:13 The Shevchenko Scientific Society (1873 )
1:11:03 Mykhailo Hrushevsky
1:03:27 Ivan Franko (1856 - 1916)
1:04:22 History of Ukraine-Ruthenia
1:04:49 Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky (1865 - 1944) 1:45:42
1:06:31 World War I------------------------------------------------------------------1914
1:07:32 Dmitro Dontsov (1883 - 1973)
1:07:57 (1914) Russian occupation
1:11:24 Symon Petliura
1:11:24 West Ukrainian People's Republic
1:19:27 Ukrainian Galician Army
1:23:30 Nestor Makhno
1:30:48 The Russian famine ----------------------------------------------------1921
1:41:21 Ukr National Democratic Alliance, (UNDO)
1:42:20 Ukr Sich Riflemen
1:42:43 (UVO) Ukr Military Organization
1:42:51 Yevhen Konovalets
1:43:10 Dmytro Dontsov
1:44:01 The Organization of Ukr Nationalists (OUN)
1:44:52 (1933) Stepan Bandera head of OUN
1:47:07 Avgustyn Voloshyn
1:47:33 Melnyk's and Bandera's
1:39:06 collectivization (1939)
1:38:55 *** ???????????????????????????? ????????????????: !!! ???????????????????? 1:39:33
World War II ----------------------------------------------------------------(1939 - 1945)
1:51:24 The Nachtigall Battalion (Nightingale)
1:51:43 Independent Ukr State
1:44:50 Stepan Bandera (1909 – 1959) -----------------------------------1933
Between Hitler & Stalin: Ukraine in World War II
Wehrmacht Saves Innocent Civilians In Ukraine 1941
1:53:42 Babi Yar
1:55:40 partisan warfare
1:44:01 Organization of Ukr Nationalists (OUN)
1:57:42 Roman Shukhevych
1:58:37 Volyn
1:58:57 UPA - Ukrainian Insurgent Army
2:00:04 ethnic cleansing (1943)
2:02:32 SS Galicia Division
2:02:33 Banderavists (Bandera) split of OUN (former UVO) 1:47:26
2:02:25 Melnykovites (Melnyk)
2:02:57 SS Galicia crushed by the Red Army
2:04:51 Nikita Khrushchev
2:05:21 Joseph Stalin
1:39:56 RUSYN replaced the term Ukrainian
2:06:14 Gulag
2:06:31 Yalta
2:10:30 Operation Vistula (Polish: Akcja Wisła)
2:12:00 The Greek Catholic Church abolishment
2:12:21 Josyf Slipyj (1893 - 1984)
1:49:25 annexation of the Western Ukraine
2:16:33 turning Crimea over to Ukraine
2:18:25 Thaw (early 1950s to the early 1960s)
2:30:09 (April 26 1986) - Chornobyl disaster
2:35:30 Rukh - Movement
2:37:29 (1991) Declaration of Sovereignty of Ukraine
1:13:48 The Ukr People's Republic of 1918 - 1920
2:50:29 The Orange Revolution (2004)
Who is Mikhailo Grushevsky? Kiev, Ukraine
Do You Know Who is Mikhailo Grushevsky? Kiev, Ukraine = VIDEO LINK = Do you want to enjoy travel tours around Kyiv-city to see historical places, Museums, ancient Cathedrals, Monasteries and Churches, art exhibitions, Ukrainian art, folklore and dances, and all other sightseeings?
Ukrainians are happy about their INDEPENDENCE!
So far, we will tell you interesting stories about Ukrainian Cossacks and their military leader Hetman Bogdan Khmel'nitskiy and other Cossacks-Hetmans!
Did you know that Vikings (Skandinavians!!!) were real ancestors of Ukrainian-Kyiv-Rus' Grand Princes?
We will tell you the stories of the Golden Gates monument in Kyiv (Kiev) and Kyiv-Rus' grand Princes!
We will tell you more new interesting stories about historical places in Kyiv!
VIDEO LINK =
Contextualizing the Holodomor: A Conference on the 80th Anniversary of the 1932-33 Famine in Ukraine
Contextualizing the Holodomor : A Conference on the 80th Anniversary of the 1932-33 Famine in Ukraine - Conclusions
Day 2 - Saturday 28, September, 2013
St.Vladimir Institute, Toronto, Canada
Dr.Frank Sysyn 1:11
Holodomor Research and Education Consortium (HERC) : Research Plans
CIUS, University of Alberta
Paul Grod 17:58
President of the Ukrainian Canadian Congress (UCC)
The Honorable Ted Optiz, MP Etobicoke Center 24:51
Conservative Party of Canada
Dr.Frank Sysyn 29:52
Presentation of Award to Prof. Roman Serbyn and Concluding Remarks
Bonus Material : References, Original Documents 44:18
Golodomor 1932-33 рр. Kharkiv oblast
Holodomor Research and Education Consortium (HREC)
Holodomor Survivor Documentation Project
Меморіал ім. В. Стуса
Petro Jacyk Education Foundation
The National Museum The Memorial in Commemoration of the Famines' Victims in Ukraine
Ukrainica Research Institute - Holodomor Education
Ukrainian Canadian Research and Documentation Center (UCRDC)
Ukraine: Nationalists march in Odessa to commemorate Bandera's 108th birthday
Around a hundred activists took part in a torch-lit procession marching through Odessa, Sunday, marking the 108th birthday of prominent Ukrainian nationalist Stepan Bandera.
Members of the Svoboda and Right Sector parties took part in the march, initially gathering near a monument to Taras Shevshenko before marching to the city centre and finishing at the monument to Duke de Richelieu at the Promenade.
Video ID: 20170101 055
Video on Demand:
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Интервью Степана Бандеры (1959) / Stepan Bandera interview (1959)
Stepan Bandera interview (1959) / Интервью Степана Бандеры (1959)
Jews and Ukrainians Book Launch: Q & A session
Full question and answer session following Prof. Yohanan Petrovsky-Shtern presentation What Ukrainians and Jews Know and What They Do Not Know About One Another, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 26 October 2016.
- Why aren't there footnotes, end notes and references in your book?
- 3:51 What were the demographics in Ukraine, i.e. number of Jews in Ukraine? number of ethnic minorities in Ukraine?
- 4:20 Yurij Darewych: What differences did the co-authors have? How were the differences resolved?
- 5:05 Andrij Wynnyckyj: Leonid Feinberg, Myroslav Marynovych
- 11:57 Marta Olynyk: Will you write a monograph on Symon Petliura
- 12:30 Aren't the Jews Ukrainians? Aren't you making them the other yourself?
- 13:08 Does the book address the present cultural and political situation in Ukraine
- 21:12 Teddy the milkman
- 21:41 In Ukraine, Poles are Poles and Jews are Jews. How do I get this poison out of my system?
- 29:50 Comment on book, conclusion left to reader. Plans to present this book in other languages?
- 30:40 Fr. Petro Galadza question on maps
- 34:20 Babyn Yar monuments
This video was not sponsored.
Jews and Ukrainians: A Millennium of Co-Existence (2016)
by Paul Robert Magocsi, Yohanan Petrovsky-Shtern
Video by UkeTube Ukrainian Video
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:24 1 The University today
00:03:18 2 History
00:03:27 2.1 Saint Vladimir Royal University of Kiev
00:05:09 2.2 Mykhailo Drahomanov University (1920—1932)
00:05:29 2.3 Taras Shevchenko University (from 1939)
00:06:54 3 Academics
00:07:03 3.1 Reputation and rankings
00:07:12 3.2 University rankings
00:08:29 3.3 Foreign Partner Universities
00:09:18 4 Organisation and administration
00:09:28 4.1 Schools / Faculties
00:09:43 4.2 Other institutes
00:10:28 5 Campus
00:11:18 5.1 The red building
00:12:46 5.2 Botanical Gardens
00:13:47 5.3 Yellow building and Maksymovych Library
00:15:34 5.4 Architecture
00:16:28 5.5 Astronomical Observatory
00:17:08 6 Notable alumni
00:18:13 6.1 Heads of state, government and international organisations
00:18:24 7 See also
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There is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Shevchenko University or officially the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Ukrainian: Київський національний університет імені Тараса Шевченка), colloquially known in Ukrainian as KNU (Ukrainian: Київський національний універcитет - КНУ) is located in Kiev, the capital of Ukraine. KNU is ranked within top 500 Universities in the world. It is the third oldest university in Ukraine after the University of Lviv and University of Kharkiv. Currently, its structure consists of fifteen faculties (academic departments) and five institutes. It was founded in 1834 as the Kiev Imperial University of Saint Vladimir, and since then it has changed its name several times. During the Soviet Union era, Taras Shevchenko University was one of the top-three universities in the USSR, along with Moscow State University and Leningrad State University. It is ranked as the best university in Ukraine in many rankings (see below). Throughout history, the university has produced many famous alumni including Nikolay Bunge, Mykhailo Drahomanov, Mykhailo Hrushevskyi, Nikolai Berdyaev, Mikhail Bulgakov, Viacheslav Chornovil, Leonid Kravchuk, and many others. Taras Shevchenko himself, banned from educational activities for political reasons, worked for the Kyiv University as a field researcher.
Historia Ukrainy (z napisami i tłumaczeniem)
o Krymie:
39:43 Kozacy pomogli Rosji wygrać Krym z Turcji
56:55 Donbass 2:16:28 Krym zostaje przeniesiony na Ukrainę
o Rosji 12:46 / 31:16
???????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ????????????????: 1:47:38
NARODZINY NARODU (2008) Jerzy Hoffman
1:34 Kijów (401-500)
2:16 Bizancjum (330-1453)
2:45 Księżniczka Olga (890 - 969) akceptuje chrześcijaństwo
3:28 Chersonese
4:06 Wołodymyr Wielki (958 - 1015)
4:29 Jarosław Mądry (978-1054)
4:39 Katedra Św. Zofii (1100)
5:31 Anna - królowa Francji (1030-1075)
18:41 Vladimir Monomakh (1053-1125)
7:20 Yu Dolgoruky (1099-1157)
7:26 Moskwa
7:37 Mongołowie
10:16 Księstwo Gal-Vol lub Królestwo Rosji
10:49 Lwów
Termin MALOROSCIA: początek XIV wieku
12:37 Iwan III Grozny (1440-1505)
12:46 Mit o Rosji
13:07 Krym
13:53 Roksolana (1502 - 1558)
15:20 Polskie pańszczyzna
17:14 Zaporizhzhya Sich
18:33 UKR zmienia nazwę RUS
18:40 Kozak
20:15 Brest Union
20:18 Unici - wschodni katolicy Kościoła
21:08 Hetman Sagaidachny (1570 - 1622)
23:05 Prawosławie
23:28 Jestem Vishnevetsky (1612 - 1651)
23:31 Katolicyzm
24:54 B Chmielnicki (1595 - 1657)
30:04 Perejasław Rada 1654
34:39 I Mazepa (1639 - 1709)
37:06 Bitwa pod Połtawą (1709)
40:11 Sycz w Zaporożu (1552-1709)
40:27 Solovki
- Rewolucja Franza (1789)
48:18 jest zabronione przez Kościół greckokatolicki
48:49 Uniwersytet Kijowski (1833)
50:55 T. Shevchenko (1814 - 1861) (47 lat)
54:57 niebiesko-żółta flaga
55:45 Bractwo Cyryla i Metodego
56:32 ruch wyzwolenia narodowego
56:55 Krymska wojna (1853-1856)
57:07 Aleksander II (1818 - 1881) znosi poddaństwo
57:26 Donieck (1868)
58:56 Zielony klin
59:23 W Antonowiczu (1834 - 1908)
59:28 M Drahomanov (1841-1895)
1:00:42 L Ukrainka (1871 - 1913) (42 lata)
1:02:13 NTSh (1873)
1:11:03 M Grushevsky
1:03:27 I Franco (1856 - 1916)
1:04:22 Historia Ukr-Rus
1:04:49 Metropolitan A Sheptytsky (1865 - 1944) świadomość narodowa na emigracji
1:06:31 Pierwsza wojna światowa z 1914 roku
1:07:32 Dontsov (1883 - 1973)
1:07:57 (1914) Rosyjska okupacja
1:11:24 Z Petliurą
1:11:24 Zah-ukr Nara Response ZUNR
1:19:27 Ukr Galicyjska Armia
1:30:48 Ros. głód (1921)
1:41:21 HOLODOMOR (1932-1933) 11 000 000 ofiar
1:45:55 (1937-1938) zostały wykonane aresztowania - Gułag
1:46:54 niszczenie ukr ident
1:49:11 Ukr Sojusz Narodów Demokratycznych (UNDO)
1:42:20 Strzelec Ukr Sich
1:50:49 (UFO) Ukr Army Org (Praga) Istnieją Konovalety
1:51:19 D Dontsov - ideolog z ukr. nacjonalizm
1:52:00 (młodzież) UWO jest członkiem -: Org Ukr Nat (OUN)
1:52:52 (w Polsce w 1933 r.) Wraz z Banderą zostaje szefem OUN
1:55:03 I Wołoszyn
1:55:27 Upadek Karpaty-Ukrainy dzieli OUN na dwie frakcje: Melnikovtsev i Banderivtsi 1:56:11
Druga wojna światowa (1939-1945)
1:59:17 ślady NKWD - Batalion Nachtigall (słowika-Bandera) 1:51:43 Niezależny Ukr. Państwo
1:44:50 Bandera (1909 - 1959)
1:53:42 Babin Yar
1:55:40 Wojna partyzancka
1:44:01 Organizacja nacjonalistów Ukr (OUN)
1:57:42 Roman Szuachewicz
1:58:37 Wołyń
1:58:57 UPA - Ukraińska Armia Powstańcza
2:00:04 czystki etniczne (1943)
2:02:32 SS Dywizja Galicyjska
1:39:56 RUSIN zmienia termin ukraiński
2:06:14 Gułag 2:06:31 Jałta
2:10:30 Operacja Wisła
2:12:00 Anulowanie Kościoła greckokatolickiego
1:49:25 aneksja Zach Ukr
2:16:33 Powrót Krymu na Ukrainę
2:18:25 Odwilż (1950-1960)
2:30:09 (26 kwietnia 1986) - Katastrofa w Czarnobylu
2:35:30 Ruch
2:37:29 (1991) Niezależność
2:50:29 Pomarańczowa rewolucja (2004)
Kiev | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:44 1 Name
00:07:22 2 History
00:23:46 3 Environment
00:23:55 3.1 Geography
00:26:51 3.2 Climate
00:28:13 4 Legal status, local government and politics
00:28:24 4.1 Legal status and local government
00:30:59 4.2 Politics
00:31:53 4.3 Subdivisions
00:32:01 4.3.1 Traditional subdivision
00:32:55 4.3.2 Formal subdivision
00:34:55 5 Demographics
00:35:17 5.1 Historical population
00:36:37 5.2 Ethnic composition
00:39:37 5.3 Jewish community
00:40:08 6 Cityscape
00:45:03 7 Culture
00:47:32 7.1 Attractions
00:51:38 7.2 Museums and galleries
00:53:19 7.3 Sports
00:55:47 7.4 Tourism
00:56:35 7.5 Kiev city anthem
00:57:06 8 Economy
01:00:46 8.1 Industry
01:01:27 8.2 Manufacture
01:02:13 9 Education and science
01:02:22 9.1 Scientific research
01:02:55 9.2 University education
01:04:02 9.3 Secondary education
01:04:30 9.4 Public libraries
01:05:28 10 Transportation
01:05:37 10.1 Local public transport
01:09:00 10.2 Roads and bridges
01:09:52 10.3 Air transport
01:10:28 10.4 Railways
01:13:01 11 International relations
01:13:10 11.1 Twin towns and sister cities
01:13:41 11.2 Other cooperation agreements
01:14:03 12 Notable people from Kiev
01:16:40 13 Honour
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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Speaking Rate: 0.7078111178759842
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Kiev ( KEE-ef, -ev) or Kyiv (Ukrainian: Київ, translit. Kyiv [ˈkɪjiu̯] (listen); Russian: Киев, translit. Kiyev [ˈkʲi(j)ɪf]) is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine, located in the north-central part of the country on the Dnieper. The population in July 2015 was 2,887,974 (though higher estimated numbers have been cited in the press), making Kiev the 7th most populous city in Europe.Kiev is an important industrial, scientific, educational and cultural center of Eastern Europe. It is home to many high-tech industries, higher education institutions, and world-famous historical landmarks. The city has an extensive infrastructure and highly developed system of public transport, including the Kiev Metro.
The city's name is said to derive from the name of Kyi, one of its four legendary founders (see Name, below). During its history, Kiev, one of the oldest cities in Eastern Europe, passed through several stages of great prominence and relative obscurity. The city probably existed as a commercial centre as early as the 5th century. A Slavic settlement on the great trade route between Scandinavia and Constantinople, Kiev was a tributary of the Khazars, until its capture by the Varangians (Vikings) in the mid-9th century. Under Varangian rule, the city became a capital of the Kievan Rus', the first East Slavic state. Completely destroyed during the Mongol invasions in 1240, the city lost most of its influence for the centuries to come. It was a provincial capital of marginal importance in the outskirts of the territories controlled by its powerful neighbours; first by Lithuania, followed by Poland and ultimately Russia.The city prospered again during the Russian Empire's Industrial Revolution in the late 19th century. In 1917, after the Ukrainian National Republic declared independence from the Russian Empire, Kiev became its capital. From 1921 onwards Kiev was a city of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, which was proclaimed by the Red Army, and, from 1934, Kiev was its capital. During World War II, the city again suffered significant damage, but quickly recovered in the post-war years, remaining the third largest city of the Soviet Union.
Following the collapse of the Soviet Union and Ukrainian independence in 1991, Kiev remained the capital of Ukraine and experienced a steady migration influx of ethnic Ukrainians from other regions of the country. During the country's transformation to a market economy and electoral democracy, Kiev has continued to be Ukraine's largest and richest city. Kiev's armament-depen ...
Kiev
Kiev or Kyiv , Russian: Киев ) is the capital and the largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River. The population as of July 2013 was 70062847200000000002,847,200 , making Kiev at least 8th largest city in Europe.
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Kiev | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Kiev
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Kiev ( KEE-ef, -ev) or Kyiv (Ukrainian: Київ, translit. Kyiv [ˈkɪjiu̯] (listen); Russian: Киев, translit. Kiyev [ˈkʲi(j)ɪf]; Old East Slavic: Кыѥвъ, translit. Kyjev) is the capital and largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper. The population in July 2015 was 2,887,974 (though higher estimated numbers have been cited in the press), making Kiev the 7th most populous city in Europe.Kiev is an important industrial, scientific, educational, and cultural centre of Eastern Europe. It is home to many high-tech industries, higher education institutions, and world-famous historical landmarks. The city has an extensive infrastructure and highly developed system of public transport, including the Kiev Metro.
The city's name is said to derive from the name of Kyi, one of its four legendary founders (see Name, below). During its history, Kiev, one of the oldest cities in Eastern Europe, passed through several stages of great prominence and relative obscurity. The city probably existed as a commercial centre as early as the 5th century. A Slavic settlement on the great trade route between Scandinavia and Constantinople, Kiev was a tributary of the Khazars, until seized by the Varangians (Vikings) in the mid-9th century. Under Varangian rule, the city became a capital of the Kievan Rus', the first East Slavic state. Completely destroyed during the Mongol invasion in 1240, the city lost most of its influence for the centuries to come. It was a provincial capital of marginal importance in the outskirts of the territories controlled by its powerful neighbours; first the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, followed by Poland and Russia.The city prospered again during the Russian Empire's Industrial Revolution in the late 19th century. In 1917, after the Ukrainian National Republic declared independence from the Russian Empire, Kiev became its capital. From 1921 onwards Kiev was a city of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, which was proclaimed by the Red Army, and, from 1934, Kiev was its capital. During World War II, the city again suffered significant damage, but quickly recovered in the post-war years, remaining the third largest city of the Soviet Union.
Following the collapse of the Soviet Union and Ukrainian independence in 1991, Kiev remained the capital of Ukraine and experienced a steady migration influx of ethnic Ukrainians from other regions of the country. During the country's transformation to a market economy and electoral democracy, Kiev has continued to be Ukraine's largest and richest city. Kiev's armament-dependent industrial output fell after the Soviet collapse, adversely affecting science and technology. But new sectors of the economy such as services and finance facilitated Kiev's growth in salaries and investment, as well as providing continuous funding for the development of housing and urban infrastructure. Kiev emerged as the most pro-Western region of Ukraine where parties advocating tighter integration with the European Union dominate during elections.
Kiev | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Kiev
00:03:10 1 Name
00:06:10 2 History
00:19:30 3 Environment
00:19:39 3.1 Geography
00:22:05 3.2 Climate
00:23:13 4 Legal status, local government and politics
00:23:25 4.1 Legal status and local government
00:25:35 4.2 Politics
00:26:21 4.3 Subdivisions
00:26:30 4.3.1 Traditional subdivision
00:27:17 4.3.2 Formal subdivision
00:28:55 5 Demographics
00:29:16 5.1 Historical population
00:30:26 5.2 Ethnic composition
00:33:00 5.3 Jewish community
00:33:27 6 Cityscape
00:37:37 7 Culture
00:39:44 7.1 Attractions
00:43:08 7.2 Museums and galleries
00:44:32 7.3 Sports
00:46:34 7.4 Tourism
00:47:14 7.5 Kiev city anthem
00:47:42 8 Economy
00:50:44 8.1 Industry
00:51:21 8.2 Manufacture
00:52:00 9 Education and science
00:52:10 9.1 Scientific research
00:52:38 9.2 University education
00:53:34 9.3 Secondary education
00:53:58 9.4 Public libraries
00:54:47 10 Transportation
00:54:56 10.1 Local public transport
00:57:44 10.2 Roads and bridges
00:58:29 10.3 Air transport
00:59:01 10.4 Railways
01:01:05 11 International relations
01:01:15 11.1 Twin towns and sister cities
01:01:43 11.2 Other cooperation agreements
01:02:01 12 Notable people from Kiev
01:04:09 13 Honour
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Kiev ( KEE-ef, -ev) or Kyiv (Ukrainian: Київ, translit. Kyiv [ˈkɪjiu̯] (listen); Russian: Киев, translit. Kiyev [ˈkʲi(j)ɪf]; Old East Slavic: Кыѥвъ, translit. Kyjev) is the capital and largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper. The population in July 2015 was 2,887,974 (though higher estimated numbers have been cited in the press), making Kiev the 7th most populous city in Europe.Kiev is an important industrial, scientific, educational, and cultural centre of Eastern Europe. It is home to many high-tech industries, higher education institutions, and world-famous historical landmarks. The city has an extensive infrastructure and highly developed system of public transport, including the Kiev Metro.
The city's name is said to derive from the name of Kyi, one of its four legendary founders (see Name, below). During its history, Kiev, one of the oldest cities in Eastern Europe, passed through several stages of great prominence and relative obscurity. The city probably existed as a commercial centre as early as the 5th century. A Slavic settlement on the great trade route between Scandinavia and Constantinople, Kiev was a tributary of the Khazars, until seized by the Varangians (Vikings) in the mid-9th century. Under Varangian rule, the city became a capital of the Kievan Rus', the first East Slavic state. Completely destroyed during the Mongol invasion in 1240, the city lost most of its influence for the centuries to come. It was a provincial capital of marginal importance in the outskirts of the territories controlled by its powerful neighbours; first the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, followed by Poland and Russia.The city prospered again during the Russian Empire's Industrial Revolution in the late 19th century. In 1917, after the Ukrainian National Republic declared independence from the Russian Empire, Kiev became its capital. From 1921 onwards Kiev was a city of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, which was proclaimed by the Red Army, and, from 1934, Kiev was its capital. During World War II, the city again suffered significant damage, but quickly recovered in the post-war years, remaining the third largest city of the Soviet Union.
Following the collapse of the Soviet Union and Ukrainian independence in 1991, Kiev remained the capital of Ukraine and experienced a steady migration influx of ethnic Ukrainians from other regions of the country. During the country's transformation to a market economy and electoral democracy, Kiev has continued to be Ukraine's largest and richest city. Kiev's armament-dependent industrial output fell after the Soviet collapse, adversely affecting science and technology. But new sectors of the economy such as services and f ...
History of Ukraine | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
History of Ukraine
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Prehistoric Ukraine, as part of the Pontic steppe, has played an important role in Eurasian cultural contacts, including the spread of the Chalcolithic, the Bronze Age, Indo-European expansion and the domestication of the horse.Part of Scythia in antiquity and settled by Getae, in the migration period, Ukraine is also the site of early Slavic expansion, and enters history proper with the establishment of the medieval state of Kievan Rus, which emerged as a powerful nation in the Middle Ages but disintegrated in the 12th century. After the middle of the 14th century, present-day Ukrainian territories came under the rule of three external powers:
the Golden Horde
the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland - during the 15th century these lands came under the rule of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, then of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (from 1569)
the Crimean Khanate (from the 15th century)After a 1648 rebellion against dominantly Polish Catholic rule, an assembly of the people (rada) agreed to the Treaty of Pereyaslav in January 1654. In consequence, the southeastern portion of the Polish-Lithuanian empire (east of the Dnieper River) came under Russian rule for the following centuries. After the Partitions of Poland (1772–1795) and the Russian conquest of the Crimean Khanate, Ukraine found itself divided between the Russian Empire and Habsburg Austria.
A chaotic period of warfare ensued after the Russian Revolutions of 1917. The internationally recognised Ukrainian People's Republic emerged from its own civil war of 1917-1921. The Ukrainian–Soviet War (1917-1921) followed, in which the bolshevik Red Army established control in late 1919. The Ukrainian Bolsheviks, who had defeated the national government in Kiev, established the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, which on 30 December 1922 became one of the founding republics of the Soviet Union. Initial Soviet policy on Ukrainian language and Ukrainian culture made Ukrainian the official language of administration and schools. Policy in the 1930s turned to russification. In 1932 and 1933, millions of people, mostly peasants, in Ukraine starved to death in a devastating famine, known as Holodomor. It is estimated by Encyclopædia Britannica that 6 to 8 million people died from hunger in the Soviet Union during this period, of whom 4 to 5 million were Ukrainians. Nikita Khrushchev was appointed the head of the Ukrainian Communist Party in 1938.
After Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union invaded Poland in September 1939, the Ukrainian SSR's territory expanded westward. Axis armies occupied Ukraine from 1941 to 1944. During World War II the Ukrainian Insurgent Army fought for Ukrainian independence against both Germany and the Soviet Union. In 1945 the Ukrainian SSR became one of the founding members of the United Nations. After the death of Stalin (1953), Khrushchev as head of the Communist Party of Soviet Union enabled a Ukrainian revival. Nevertheless, political repressions against poets, historians and other intellectuals continued, as in all other parts of the USSR. In 1954 the republic expanded to the south with the transfer of the Crimea.
Ukraine became independent again when the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991. This started a period of transition to a market economy, in which Ukraine suffered an eight-year recession. Subsequently, however, the economy experienced a high increase in GDP growth. Ukraine was caught up in the worldwide economic crisis in 2008 and the economy plunged. GDP fell 20% from spring 2008 to spring 2009, then leveled off.The prolonged Ukrainian crisis began on 21 November 2013, when then-president Viktor Yanukovych suspended preparations for the implementation of an association agreement with the European Union. This decision resulted in mass protests by pro-Europeans - events which became known as the Euromaidan. After months of such protests, the protester ...
Kiev | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:59 1 Name
00:07:48 2 History
00:24:41 3 Environment
00:24:50 3.1 Geography
00:27:55 3.2 Climate
00:29:20 4 Legal status, local government and politics
00:29:32 4.1 Legal status and local government
00:32:15 4.2 Politics
00:33:12 4.3 Subdivisions
00:33:21 4.3.1 Traditional subdivision
00:34:18 4.3.2 Formal subdivision
00:36:23 5 Demographics
00:36:47 5.1 Historical population
00:38:12 5.2 Ethnic composition
00:41:21 5.3 Jewish community
00:41:53 6 Cityscape
00:47:05 7 Culture
00:49:44 7.1 Attractions
00:54:00 7.2 Museums and galleries
00:55:45 7.3 Sports
00:58:18 7.4 Tourism
00:59:07 7.5 Kiev city anthem
00:59:41 8 Economy
01:03:29 8.1 Industry
01:04:12 8.2 Manufacture
01:04:58 9 Education and science
01:05:08 9.1 Scientific research
01:05:42 9.2 University education
01:06:51 9.3 Secondary education
01:07:21 9.4 Public libraries
01:08:22 10 Transportation
01:08:32 10.1 Local public transport
01:12:03 10.2 Roads and bridges
01:12:58 10.3 Air transport
01:13:36 10.4 Railways
01:16:14 11 International relations
01:16:25 11.1 Twin towns and sister cities
01:16:57 11.2 Other cooperation agreements
01:17:19 12 Notable people from Kiev
01:19:54 13 Honour
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8290373945690813
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Kiev ( KEE-ef, -ev) or Kyiv (Ukrainian: Київ, translit. Kyiv [ˈkɪjiu̯] (listen); Russian: Киев, translit. Kiyev [ˈkʲi(j)ɪf]; Old East Slavic: Кыѥвъ, translit. Kyjev) is the capital and largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper. The population in July 2015 was 2,887,974 (though higher estimated numbers have been cited in the press), making Kiev the 7th most populous city in Europe.Kiev is an important industrial, scientific, educational, and cultural centre of Eastern Europe. It is home to many high-tech industries, higher education institutions, and world-famous historical landmarks. The city has an extensive infrastructure and highly developed system of public transport, including the Kiev Metro.
The city's name is said to derive from the name of Kyi, one of its four legendary founders (see Name, below). During its history, Kiev, one of the oldest cities in Eastern Europe, passed through several stages of great prominence and relative obscurity. The city probably existed as a commercial centre as early as the 5th century. A Slavic settlement on the great trade route between Scandinavia and Constantinople, Kiev was a tributary of the Khazars, until seized by the Varangians (Vikings) in the mid-9th century. Under Varangian rule, the city became a capital of the Kievan Rus', the first East Slavic state. Completely destroyed during the Mongol invasion in 1240, the city lost most of its influence for the centuries to come. It was a provincial capital of marginal importance in the outskirts of the territories controlled by its powerful neighbours; first the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, followed by Poland and Russia.The city prospered again during the Russian Empire's Industrial Revolution in the late 19th century. In 1917, after the Ukrainian National Republic declared independence from the Russian Empire, Kiev became its capital. From 1921 onwards Kiev was a city of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, which was proclaimed by the Red Army, and, from 1934, Kiev was its capital. During World War II, the city again suffered significant damage, but quickly recovered in the post-war years, remaining the third largest city of the Soviet Union.
Following the collapse of the Soviet Union and Ukrainian independence in 1991, Kiev remained the capital of Ukraine and experienced a steady migration influx of ethnic Ukrainians from other regions of the country. During the country's transformation to a market economy and electoral democracy, Kiev has continued to be Ukraine's largest an ...
Lviv | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:38 1 Names
00:03:20 2 Geography
00:04:38 2.1 Climate
00:05:22 3 History
00:08:16 3.1 Galicia–Volhynia Wars
00:10:40 3.2 Kingdom of Poland
00:15:56 3.3 Habsburg Empire
00:22:09 3.3.1 First World War
00:23:02 3.4 Polish–Ukrainian War
00:26:51 3.5 Interbellum period
00:29:35 3.6 World War II and the Soviet incorporation
00:31:13 3.7 German occupation
00:35:32 3.8 Liberation from Nazis
00:37:37 3.9 Post-war Soviet Union
00:42:14 3.10 Independent Ukraine
00:43:14 4 Administrative division
00:44:17 5 Demographics
00:45:18 5.1 Historical populations
00:49:48 5.2 The ethnic Polish population
00:51:39 5.3 The Jewish population
00:54:42 6 Economy
01:00:12 6.1 Information technology
01:02:53 7 Culture
01:04:19 7.1 Architecture
01:05:51 7.2 Monuments
01:08:19 7.3 Religion
01:08:55 7.3.1 Christianity
01:10:51 7.3.2 Judaism
01:12:25 7.4 Arts
01:15:13 7.5 Theatre and opera
01:16:59 7.6 Museums and art galleries
01:19:01 7.7 Music
01:23:41 7.8 Universities and academia
01:26:35 7.9 Mathematics
01:27:39 7.10 Print and media
01:31:40 7.11 In cinema and literature
01:33:41 7.12 Parks
01:36:54 7.13 Sport
01:41:52 8 Tourism
01:43:42 9 Popular culture
01:45:34 10 Public transportation
01:48:19 10.1 Railways
01:50:55 10.2 Air transport
01:53:46 10.3 Bicycle lanes
01:55:55 11 Education
01:58:00 11.1 Universities
01:59:45 12 Notable people
01:59:54 12.1 Writers and authors
02:01:45 12.2 Musicians and composers
02:03:12 12.3 Philosophers, scholars, and doctors
02:04:57 12.4 Chess and gaming
02:05:43 12.5 Actors, singers, and directors
02:06:47 12.6 Painters
02:07:36 12.7 Military leaders
02:08:08 12.8 Government officials and politicians
02:09:04 12.9 Clergy
02:10:46 12.10 Sports
02:11:33 13 International relations
02:11:43 13.1 Twin towns and sister cities
02:11:54 14 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8838144945354984
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-C
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Lviv (Ukrainian: Львів [lʲwiu̯] (listen); Old East Slavic: Львіхород; Polish: Lwów [lvuf] (listen); Russian: Львов, romanized: Lvov [lʲvof]; German: Lemberg; Latin: Leopolis; see also other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine and the seventh-largest city in the country overall, with a population of 724,713 as of January 2019. Lviv is one of the main cultural centres of Ukraine.
Named in honour of Leo, the eldest son of Daniel, King of Ruthenia, it was the capital of the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia (also called the Kingdom of Ruthenia) from 1272 to 1349, when it was conquered by King Casimir III the Great who then became known as the King of Poland and Ruthenia. From 1434, it was the regional capital of the Ruthenian Voivodeship in the Kingdom of Poland. In 1772, after the First Partition of Poland, the city became the capital of the Habsburg Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria. In 1918, for a short time, it was the capital of the West Ukrainian People's Republic. Between the wars, the city was the centre of the Lwów Voivodeship in the Second Polish Republic.
After the German-Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939, Lviv became part of the Soviet Union, and in 1944–46 there was a population exchange between Poland and Soviet Ukraine. In 1991, it became part of the independent nation of Ukraine.
Administratively, Lviv serves as the administrative centre of Lviv Oblast and has the status of city of oblast significance.
Lviv was the centre of the historical regions of Red Ruthenia and Galicia. The historical heart of the city, with its old buildings and cobblestone streets, survived Soviet and German occupations during World War II largely unscathed. The city has many industries and institutions of higher education such as Lviv University and Lviv Polytechnic. Lviv is also the home of many cultural institutions, including a philharmonic orchestra and the Lviv Theatre of Opera and Ballet. The histori ...