Russia: The Motherland Calls Monument in Volgograd
Russia: The Motherland Calls Monument in Volgograd. The Motherland Calls or called mamayev monument is located in Mamayev Kurgan, Volgograd, Russia. This statue has a height of 85 meters and is made by sculptor Yevgeny Vuchetich and nonstructural engineer Nikolao Nikitin, in 1967. The Motherland Calls precisely in 1967 became the highest sculpture in Europe.
The Motherland Calls symbolizes the 200 days of the Battle of Stalingrad, between the soviet unions against Germany. Soviet Marshal Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov is also buried in this monument area, such as the famous Soviet sniper uni Vasily Zaytsev. This sniper is capable of killing 225 soldiers and German officers.
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Volgograd. Mamayev Kurgan - The Honor Guard of Eternal Flame [4K]
Look at the change of The Honor guard of Eternal flame at the memorial complex Mamayev Kurgan in Volgograd city and honor the memory of the millions of Soviet people - victims of the Stalingrad battle and whose names are forever saved on the walls of the Hall of Military Glory. This is one of the most sad and at the same time memorable places in Russia, where you are pierced by all the sorrow that the Soviet people experienced in World War II.
To find on Google Maps:
Mamayev Kurgan (Russian: Мамаев курган) is a dominant height overlooking the city of Volgograd (formerly Stalingrad) in Southern Russia. The name in Russian means tumulus of Mamai. The formation is dominated by a memorial complex commemorating the Battle of Stalingrad (August 1942 to February 1943). The battle, a hard-fought Soviet victory over Axis forces on the Eastern front of World War II, turned into one of the bloodiest battles in human history. At the time of its installation in 1967 the statue named The Motherland Calls on Mamayev Kurgan formed the largest free-standing sculpture in the world; as of 2018 it is the tallest sculpture of a woman in the world
When forces of the German Sixth Army launched their attack against the city centre of Stalingrad on 13 September 1942, Mamayev Kurgan (appearing in military maps as Height 102.0) saw particularly fierce fighting between the German attackers and the defending soldiers of the Soviet 62nd Army. Control of the hill became vitally important, as it offered control over the city. To defend it, the Soviets had built strong defensive lines on the slopes of the hill, composed of trenches, barbed-wire and minefields. The Germans pushed forward against the hill, taking heavy casualties. When they finally captured the hill, they started firing on the city centre, as well as on the city's main railway station under the hill. They captured the Volgograd railway station on 14 September 1942.
On the same day, the Soviet 13th Guards Rifle Division commanded by Alexander Rodimtsev arrived in the city from the east side of the river Volga under heavy German artillery fire. The division's 10,000 men immediately rushed into the battle. On 16 September they recaptured Mamayev Kurgan and kept fighting for the railway station, taking heavy losses. By the following day, almost all of them had died. The Soviets kept reinforcing their units in the city as fast as they could. The Germans assaulted up to twelve times a day, and the Soviets would respond with fierce counter-attacks.
The hill changed hands several times. By 27 September, the Germans again captured half of Mamayev Kurgan. The Soviets held their own positions on the slopes of the hill, as the 284th Rifle Division defended the key stronghold. The defenders held out until 26 January 1943, when the counterattacking Soviet forces relieved them. The battle of the city ended one week later with an utter German defeat.
When the battle ended, the soil on the hill had been so thoroughly churned by shellfire and mixed with metal fragments that it contained between 500 and 1,250 splinters of metal per square meter. The earth on the hill had remained black in the winter, as the snow kept melting in the many fires and explosions. In the following spring the hill would still remain black, as no grass grew on its scorched soil. The hill's formerly steep slopes had become flattened in months of intense shelling and bombardment. Even today, it is possible to find fragments of bone and metal still buried deep throughout the hill.
After the war, the Soviet authorities commissioned the enormous Mamayev Kurgan memorial complex. Vasily Chuikov, who led Soviet forces at Stalingrad, lies buried at Mamayev Kurgan, the first Marshal of the Soviet Union to be buried outside Moscow. Soviet sniper Vasily Zaytsev was also reburied there in 2006.
The monumental memorial was constructed between 1959 and 1967, and is crowned by a huge allegorical statue of the Motherland on the top of the hill. The monument, designed by Yevgeny Vuchetich, has the full name The Motherland Calls! (Russian: Родина-мать зовёт! Rodina Mat Zovyot!). It consists of a concrete sculpture, 52 metres tall, and 85 metres from the feet to the tip of the 27-metre sword, dominating the skyline of the city of Stalingrad (later renamed Volgograd).
Vasily Chuikov - Tribute
Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov (Васи́лий Ива́нович Чуйко́в) (February 12, 1900 - March 18, 1982) was a lieutenant general in the Soviet Red Army during World War II, twice Hero of the Soviet Union (1944, 1945), who after the war became a Marshal of the Soviet Union.
Born into a peasant family, he joined the Red Army during the Russian Revolution of 1917 and later attended the Frunze Military Academy. Chuikov commanded the 4th Army in the Soviet occupation of eastern Poland in 1939, and during the Russo-Finnish War of 1940. He was then sent to China as an advisor to Chiang Kai-shek. In May 1942 the USSR recalled their military advisor, according to Chuikov's memoirs this was due to Nationalist China claiming the USSR was providing military aid as part of an attempt to draw the USSR into the Second Sino-Japanese War.
On returning to Moscow, Chuikov was placed in command of the 64th Army, on the West bank of the Don river. The 64th Army took part in the fighting withdrawal to Stalingrad, and shortly before the Battle of Stalingrad itself began, Chuikov was made commanding general of the more important 62nd Army, which was to hold Stalingrad itself, with the 64th on its Southern flank. After the victory there, the 62nd was redesignated as the Soviet 8th Guards Army. Chuikov then commanded the 8th Guards as part of 1st Belorussian Front and led its advance through Poland, finally heading the Soviet offensive which captured Berlin in April 1945.
Chuikov's advance through Poland was characterized by massive advances across difficult terrain (on several occasions, the 8th Guards Army advanced over 40 miles in a single day). On May 1, 1945, Chuikov, who commanded his army operating in central Berlin, was the first Allied officer to learn about Adolf Hitler's suicide, being informed by Hans Krebs who came to Chuikov's headquarters under a white flag. He accepted the surrender of Berlin's forces from General Helmuth Weidling.
After the war ended Chuikov stayed in Germany, later serving as Commander-in-Chief of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany from 1949 until 1953, when he was made the Commanding General of the Kiev Military District. While serving at that post, on March 11, 1955 he was promoted to Marshal of the Soviet Union. From 1960 to 1964 he was the Commander-in-Chief of the Red Army's Ground Forces. He also served as the Chief of the Civil Defense from 1961 until his retirement in 1972. From 1961 until his death, he was a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
He was a major consultant for the design of the Stalingrad battle memorial on Mamayev Kurgan, and was buried there after his death at the age of 82
Священная война (The Sacred War) - Alexandrov Red Army Choir
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The Motherland Calls (Russian: Родина-мать зовёт! Rodina-Mat' zovyot!), also called Homeland-Mother, Homeland-Mother Is Calling, simply The Motherland, or The Mamayev Monument, is a statue in Mamayev Kurgan in Volgograd, Russia, commemorating the Battle of Stalingrad. It was designed by sculptor Yevgeny Vuchetich and structural engineer Nikolai Nikitin, and declared the largest statue in the world in 1967. Today, it is the tallest statue of a woman in the world, not including pedestals.
Compared with the later higher statues, The Motherland Calls is significantly more complex from an engineering point of view, due to its characteristic posture with a sword raised high in the right hand and the left hand extended in a calling gesture. The technology behind the hollow statue is based on a combination of prestressed concrete with wire ropes structure, a solution which can be found also in another work of Nikitin's, the super-tall Ostankino Tower in Moscow.
When the memorial was dedicated in 1967 it was the tallest sculpture in the world, measuring 85 metres (279 ft) from the tip of its sword to the top of the plinth. The figure itself measures 52 metres (171 ft), and the sword 33 metres (108 ft). Two hundred steps, symbolizing the 200 days of the Battle of Stalingrad, lead from the bottom of the hill to the monument. The lead sculptor was Yevgeny Vuchetich, and Nikolai Nikitin handled the significant structural engineering challenges of the 7,900 tonnes (7,800 long tons; 8,700 short tons) concrete sculpture. The statue appears on both the current flag and coat of arms of Volgograd Oblast.
Marshal of the Soviet Union Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov is buried in the area of the monument, as is famous Soviet sniper Vasily Zaytsev, who killed 225 Axis soldiers in the battle of Stalingrad.
(From Wikipedia)
LEGENDARY RUSSIAN GENERAL - VASILY IVANOVICH CHUIKOV !
Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov was a Russian Lieutenant-General and Commander of the 62nd Army at the Battle of Stalingrad. He was twice Hero of the Soviet Union ( 1944 , 1945 ) and became Marshal of the Soviet Union in 1955 !
Mamayev Kurgan (Мамаев курган) Volgograd Tours - Wolgograd Victory Day Parade #Volgograd
Mamayev Kurgan (Russian: Мамаев курган) is a dominant height overlooking the city of Volgograd (formerly Stalingrad) in Southern Russia. The name in Russian means tumulus of Mamai. The formation is dominated by a memorial complex commemorating the Battle of Stalingrad (August 1942 to February 1943). The battle, a hard-fought Soviet victory over Axis forces on the Eastern front of World War II, arguably turned into the bloodiest battle in human history. At the time of its installation in 1967 the statue named The Motherland Calls on Mamayev Kurgan formed the largest free-standing sculpture in the world as of 2016 it is the tallest sculpture of a woman in the world.
After the war, the Soviet authorities commissioned the enormous Mamayev Kurgan memorial complex. Vasily Chuikov, who led Soviet forces at Stalingrad, lies buried at Mamayev Kurgan, the first Marshal of the Soviet Union to be buried outside Moscow. Soviet sniper Vasily Zaytsev was also reburied there in 2006.
The monumental memorial was constructed between 1959 and 1967, and is crowned by a huge allegorical statue of the Motherland on the top of the hill. The monument, designed by Yevgeny Vuchetich, has the full name The Motherland Calls! (Russian: Родина-мать зовёт! Rodina Mat Zovyot!). It consists of a concrete sculpture, 52 metres tall, and 82 metres from the feet to the tip of the 27-metre sword, dominating the skyline of the city of Stalingrad (later renamed Volgograd).
The construction uses concrete, except for the stainless-steel blade of the sword, and is held on its plinth solely by its own weight. The statue is evocative of classical Greek representations of Nike, in particular the flowing drapery, similar to that of the Nike of Samothrace.
Visit Wolgograd formerly known as Stalingrad - We will join the Victory Day Parade in Wolgograd and celebrate 9th of May with the locals. We also going to see the war memorials and war cemetery.
Join us on a wonderful history tour to Russia and Russian culture.
The celebration of Victory Day continued during subsequent years. The war became a topic of great importance in cinema, literature, history lessons at school, the mass media, and the arts. The ritual of the celebration gradually obtained a distinctive character with a number of similar elements: ceremonial meetings, speeches, lectures, receptions and fireworks.
In 2015 around 30 leaders, including those of China and India, attended the 2015 celebration, while Western leaders boycotted the ceremonies because of the Russian military intervention in Ukraine.
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Stalingrad 04 - Mamayev Kurgan and Street fighting
The Birch Tree - The Red Army Choir
Stalingrad 04 - Mamayev Kurgan and Street fighting
Fighting on Mamayev Kurgan, a prominent, blood-soaked hill above the city, was particularly merciless.
The position changed hands many times.
By the 12 September the Soviet 62nd Army had been reduced to 60 tanks, 700 mortars and just 20,000 men.
The 13th Guards Rifle Division, assigned to retake Mamayev Kurgan and Railway Station No. 1 on September 13, suffered particularly heavy losses. Over 30 percent of its soldiers were killed in the first 24 hours, and just 320 out of the original 10,000 survived the entire battle.
Both objectives were successful, only to temporary degrees.
The railway station changed hands 14 times in 6 hours. By the following evening, the 13th Guards Rifle Division did not exist, but its men had killed an approximately equal number of Germans.
Combat raged there for weeks near the giant grain silo.
When German soldiers finally took the position, only forty Soviet bodies were found, though the Germans had thought there to be many more Soviet soldiers present due to the ferocity of Soviet resistance.
The Soviets burned the heaps of grain during their retreat.
In another part of the city, a Soviet platoon under the command of Yakov Pavlov turned an apartment building into an impenetrable fortress.
The building, later called Pavlov's House, oversaw a square in the city center.
The soldiers surrounded it with minefields, set up machine-gun positions at the windows, and breached the walls in the basement for better communications.
They were not relieved, and not significantly reinforced, for two months.
Well after the Battle, Chuikov liked to joke, perhaps accurately, that more Germans died trying to capture Pavlov's House than died capturing Paris.
According to Beevor, after each wave, throughout the second month, of the Germans' repeated, persistent assaults against the building, the Soviets had to run out and kick down the piles of German corpses in order for the machine and anti-tank gunners in the building to have clear firing lines across the square.
Sgt. Pavlov was awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union for his actions.
Soviet snipers also successfully used the ruins to inflict heavy casualties on the Germans.
The most successful sniper was Vasily Zaytsev who is also the most famous.
Zaitsev was credited with 242 confirmed kills during the battle and a grand total of more than 300; he was also credited with killing a specially-sent, though potentially fictional German sniper known by the names Erwin König and Heinz Thorvald.
Zaytsev fixed a standard Mosin-Nagant rifle scope to a Soviet PTRD-41 14.5mm anti-tank rifle PTRD for use against Germans hiding behind walls under window sills.
The 14.5mm rounds easily penetrated the brick and the soldier behind it.
Zaytsev was awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union after the war, primarily for his actions during the battle.
Mamayev Kurgan:
13th Guards Rifle Division:
Yakov Pavlov:
Vasily Zaytsev:
Battle of Stalingrad:
Volgograd Arena - Mamayev Kurgan walk [4k]
Walk from FIFA World Cup 2018 Stadium - Volgograd Arena to memorial complex Mamayev Kurgan in Volgograd city. This is one of the most sad and at the same time memorable places in Russia, where you are pierced by all the sorrow that the Soviet people experienced in World War II.
To find on Google Maps:
Mamayev Kurgan (Russian: Мамаев курган) is a dominant height overlooking the city of Volgograd (formerly Stalingrad) in Southern Russia. The name in Russian means tumulus of Mamai. The formation is dominated by a memorial complex commemorating the Battle of Stalingrad (August 1942 to February 1943). The battle, a hard-fought Soviet victory over Axis forces on the Eastern front of World War II, turned into one of the bloodiest battles in human history. At the time of its installation in 1967 the statue named The Motherland Calls on Mamayev Kurgan formed the largest free-standing sculpture in the world; as of 2018 it is the tallest sculpture of a woman in the world
When forces of the German Sixth Army launched their attack against the city centre of Stalingrad on 13 September 1942, Mamayev Kurgan (appearing in military maps as Height 102.0) saw particularly fierce fighting between the German attackers and the defending soldiers of the Soviet 62nd Army. Control of the hill became vitally important, as it offered control over the city. To defend it, the Soviets had built strong defensive lines on the slopes of the hill, composed of trenches, barbed-wire and minefields. The Germans pushed forward against the hill, taking heavy casualties. When they finally captured the hill, they started firing on the city centre, as well as on the city's main railway station under the hill. They captured the Volgograd railway station on 14 September 1942.
On the same day, the Soviet 13th Guards Rifle Division commanded by Alexander Rodimtsev arrived in the city from the east side of the river Volga under heavy German artillery fire. The division's 10,000 men immediately rushed into the battle. On 16 September they recaptured Mamayev Kurgan and kept fighting for the railway station, taking heavy losses. By the following day, almost all of them had died. The Soviets kept reinforcing their units in the city as fast as they could. The Germans assaulted up to twelve times a day, and the Soviets would respond with fierce counter-attacks.
The hill changed hands several times. By 27 September, the Germans again captured half of Mamayev Kurgan. The Soviets held their own positions on the slopes of the hill, as the 284th Rifle Division defended the key stronghold. The defenders held out until 26 January 1943, when the counterattacking Soviet forces relieved them. The battle of the city ended one week later with an utter German defeat.
When the battle ended, the soil on the hill had been so thoroughly churned by shellfire and mixed with metal fragments that it contained between 500 and 1,250 splinters of metal per square meter. The earth on the hill had remained black in the winter, as the snow kept melting in the many fires and explosions. In the following spring the hill would still remain black, as no grass grew on its scorched soil. The hill's formerly steep slopes had become flattened in months of intense shelling and bombardment. Even today, it is possible to find fragments of bone and metal still buried deep throughout the hill.
After the war, the Soviet authorities commissioned the enormous Mamayev Kurgan memorial complex. Vasily Chuikov, who led Soviet forces at Stalingrad, lies buried at Mamayev Kurgan, the first Marshal of the Soviet Union to be buried outside Moscow. Soviet sniper Vasily Zaytsev was also reburied there in 2006.
The monumental memorial was constructed between 1959 and 1967, and is crowned by a huge allegorical statue of the Motherland on the top of the hill. The monument, designed by Yevgeny Vuchetich, has the full name The Motherland Calls! (Russian: Родина-мать зовёт! Rodina Mat Zovyot!). It consists of a concrete sculpture, 52 metres tall, and 85 metres from the feet to the tip of the 27-metre sword, dominating the skyline of the city of Stalingrad (later renamed Volgograd).
FIFA World Cup 2018.Volgograd
FIFA World Cup 2018.Volgograd
Volgograd - city in the southeast of the European part of the Russian Federation with a population of 1,016,137 people (2016). The administrative center of the Volgograd region, part of the Southern Federal District. From 1589 to 1925 he was called Tsaritsyn, from 1925 to 1961 - Stalingrad. Hero City, a place of the Battle of Stalingrad. The official name - Urban district Hero City of Volgograd.
Volgograd is located on the Volga Uplands East European Plain in the lower reaches of the Volga River on the west coast. The most northern edge of the city - GES settlement begins at the shore of the Volgograd reservoir formed by the dam of the Volga hydroelectric station.
Volgograd - a great Russian city, lying on the banks of the Volga. This is one of the most Russian cities of extended - stretched for 60 kilometers.
In ancient times there was the capital of the Golden Horde. Saray-Berke, or just shed that controlled crossing on the Volga and Don.
In the days of Peter, there had begun to dig a canal connecting the Volga and the Don, but not mastered this business. It could accomplish the prisoners of the Gulag, combining in a single transport river system - five seas.
The Battle of Stalingrad was an important event of the Second World War. The battle included a siege of the Wehrmacht of Stalingrad (today Volgograd), the opposition in the city, and a counter-offensive of the Red Army ( Uranus operation), in which VI Wehrmacht army and other forces of Germany's allies in and around the city were surrounded and massacred part of the captured captured. According to rough estimates, the total losses of both sides in this battle than 2 million people. Axis Powers lost a large number of people and weapons, and then could not fully recover from the injury.
The Battle of Stalingrad was an important event of the Second World War. The battle included a siege of the Wehrmacht of Stalingrad (today Volgograd), the opposition in the city, and a counter-offensive of the Red Army ( Uranus operation), in which VI Wehrmacht army and other forces of Germany's allies in and around the city were surrounded and massacred part of the captured captured. According to rough estimates, the total losses of both sides in this battle than 2 million people. Axis Powers lost a large number of people and weapons, and then could not fully recover from the injury.
The main symbol of the victory of Stalingrad was the height 102 - Mamayev Kurgan, in the course of the battle is not just the transition from the Soviet troops and the Germans back. Not surprisingly, the memorial complex in memory of the fallen soldiers, it was decided to build on this hill.
Area stood death
Here is the famous sculpture of Russian hero-warrior who rose to defend the country. The monument embodies the image of Marshal Vasily Chuikov.
Military Hall of Fame
On the walls are lined with 34 funeral mosaic banner, which lists 7200 names of soldiers who died in the defense of Stalingrad.
Sculpture The Motherland Calls!
This is one of the tallest statues in the world. At its production took 5500 tons of concrete and 2400 tons of iron constructions.
Volga-Don Canal
100-kilometer canal, which consists of 13 locks, built four and a half years by volunteers, prisoners and even German prisoners.
Composition Opheliea's Blues belong to the performer Audionautix. License: Creative Commons Attribution (
Artist:
Battle of Stalingrad | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Battle of Stalingrad
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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The Battle of Stalingrad (23 August 1942 – 2 February 1943) was the largest confrontation of World War II, in which Germany and its allies fought the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd) in Southern Russia.
Marked by fierce close quarters combat and direct assaults on civilians in air raids, it was the largest (nearly 2.2 million personnel) and bloodiest (1.8–2 million killed, wounded or captured) battle in the history of warfare. After their defeat at Stalingrad, the German High Command had to withdraw vast military forces from the Western Front to replace their losses.The German offensive to capture Stalingrad began in August 1942, using the 6th Army and elements of the 4th Panzer Army. The attack was supported by intensive Luftwaffe bombing that reduced much of the city to rubble. The fighting degenerated into house-to-house fighting; both sides poured reinforcements into the city. By mid-November 1942, the Germans had pushed the Soviet defenders back at great cost into narrow zones along the west bank of the Volga River.
On 19 November 1942, the Red Army launched Operation Uranus, a two-pronged attack targeting the weaker Romanian and Hungarian armies protecting the German 6th Army's flanks. The Axis forces on the flanks were overrun and the 6th Army was cut off and surrounded in the Stalingrad area. Adolf Hitler ordered that the army stay in Stalingrad and make no attempt to break out; instead, attempts were made to supply the army by air and to break the encirclement from the outside. Heavy fighting continued for another two months. By the beginning of February 1943, the Axis forces in Stalingrad had exhausted their ammunition and food. The remaining units of the 6th Army surrendered. The battle lasted five months, one week and three days.
Открытие памятника-мемориала на Мамаевом кургане. Волгоград 1967.
Мама́ев курга́н — возвышенность на правом берегу реки Волги в Центральном районе города Волгограда, где во время Сталинградской битвы происходили ожесточённые бои, начиная с сентября 1942 года и заканчивая январём 1943 года. Сегодня Мамаев курган известен в первую очередь памятником-ансамблем «Героям Сталинградской битвы» с главным монументом «Родина-мать зовет!». На Мамаевом кургане существует несколько братских и индивидуальных могил, в которых покоится прах более 35 000 защитников Сталинграда.
С 2014 года является кандидатом на включение в список всемирного наследия ЮНЕСКО.
Название «Мамаев курган» известно издавна, со времен Золотой Орды. На его вершине были когда-то сторожевые дозоры. По «наивной этимологии», застава была учреждена темником Мамаем.
Существует легенда о том, что сам Мамай захоронен в гробнице на кургане, названном в его честь, в золотых доспехах. Это косвенно подтверждается многочисленными раскопками на кургане в прошлом. Но сама гробница так и не была найдена.
В мае 1959 под руководством скульптора Е. В. Вучетича на Мамаевом кургане началось сооружение памятника-ансамбля «Героям Сталинградской битвы».
15 октября 1967 года состоялось торжественное открытие памятника. На церемонии присутствовали Генеральный секретарь ЦК КПСС Л. И. Брежнев, министр обороны СССР А. А. Гречко, Маршалы Советского Союза А. И. Ерёменко, В. И. Чуйков.
Первоначальный проект предусматривал строительство второй очереди ансамбля — от проспекта Ленина до Волги. В 1968 году распоряжением облисполкома под эти цели был отведен участок от проспекта Ленина до уреза Волги. От проспекта Ленина к Волге должна была расположиться пешеходная аллея, стелы с наименованием всех частей советской армии, принявших участие в Сталинградской битве.
Памятник-ансамбль «Героям Сталинградской битвы» 31 января 2008 года был включён в перечень федеральных памятников и с тех пор находится в федеральной собственности. Для передачи в ведение Роскультуры его объединили с музеем-панорамой «Сталинградская битва». Директором государственного учреждения назначен Александр Величкин, много лет возглавлявший областной комитет по культуре.
12 июня 2008 на Красной площади в Москве были подведены итоги конкурса «7 чудес России». По результатам голосования Мамаев курган вошёл в число семи российских чудес.
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Chuikov man of stone 4 of 4
1 hour in Volgograd 2018.07.28
1 hour 06:00 - 07:00 AM in Volgograd city - Volgograd - Russia
By Nguyen Chong Zu - Master of Physics (2016-2018) - VSTU
Lumia 909
Journeys:
Dormitory #2 - Mamayev Kurgan - Park
Mamayev Kurgan (Russian: Мамаев курган) is a dominant height overlooking the city of Volgograd (formerly Stalingrad) in Southern Russia. The name in Russian means tumulus of Mamai. The formation is dominated by a memorial complex commemorating the Battle of Stalingrad (August 1942 to February 1943). The battle, a hard-fought Soviet victory over Axis forces on the Eastern Front of World War II, turned into one of the bloodiest battles in human history. At the time of its installation in 1967 the statue named The Motherland Calls on Mamayev Kurgan formed the largest free-standing sculpture in the world;as of 2016 it is the tallest sculpture of a woman in the world.
When forces of the German Sixth Army launched their attack against the city centre of Stalingrad on 13 September 1942, Mamayev Kurgan (appearing in military maps as Height 102.0) saw particularly fierce fighting between the German attackers and the defending soldiers of the Soviet 62nd Army. Control of the hill became vitally important, as it offered control over the city. To defend it, the Soviets had built strong defensive lines on the slopes of the hill, composed of trenches, barbed-wire and minefields. The Germans pushed forward against the hill, taking heavy casualties. When they finally captured the hill, they started firing on the city centre, as well as on the city's main railway station under the hill. They captured the Volgograd railway station on 14 September 1942.
On the same day, the Soviet 13th Guards Rifle Division commanded by Alexander Rodimtsev arrived in the city from the east side of the river Volga under heavy German artillery fire. The division's 10,000 men immediately rushed into the battle. On 16 September they recaptured Mamayev Kurgan[4] and kept fighting for the railway station, taking heavy losses. By the following day, almost all of them had died. The Soviets kept reinforcing their units in the city as fast as they could. The Germans assaulted up to twelve times a day, and the Soviets would respond with fierce counter-attacks.
The hill changed hands several times. By 27 September, the Germans again captured half of Mamayev Kurgan.[5] The Soviets held their own positions on the slopes of the hill, as the 284th Rifle Division defended the key stronghold. The defenders held out until 26 January 1943, when the counterattacking Soviet forces relieved them. The battle of the city ended one week later with an utter German defeat.
When the battle ended, the soil on the hill had been so thoroughly churned by shellfire and mixed with metal fragments that it contained between 500 and 1,250 splinters of metal per square meter. The earth on the hill had remained black in the winter, as the snow kept melting in the many fires and explosions. In the following spring the hill would still remain black, as no grass grew on its scorched soil. The hill's formerly steep slopes had become flattened in months of intense shelling and bombardment. Even today, it is possible to find fragments of bone and metal still buried deep throughout the hill.
After the war, the Soviet authorities commissioned the enormous Mamayev Kurgan memorial complex. Vasily Chuikov, who led Soviet forces at Stalingrad, lies buried at Mamayev Kurgan, the first Marshal of the Soviet Union to be buried outside Moscow. Soviet sniper Vasily Zaytsev was also reburied there in 2006.
The monumental memorial was constructed between 1959 and 1967, and is crowned by a huge allegorical statue of the Motherland on the top of the hill. The monument, designed by Yevgeny Vuchetich, has the full name The Motherland Calls! (Russian: Родина-мать зовёт! Rodina Mat Zovyot!). It consists of a concrete sculpture, 52 metres tall, and 85 metres from the feet to the tip of the 27-metre sword, dominating the skyline of the city of Stalingrad (later renamed Volgograd).
The construction uses concrete, except for the stainless-steel blade of the sword, and is held on its plinth solely by its own weight. The statue is evocative of classical Greek representations of Nike, in particular the flowing drapery, similar to that of the Nike of Samothrace.
Stalingrad 10 - Hero City
Stalingrad 10 - Hero City
The Battle of Stalingrad claimed almost two million casualties, making it the largest battle in human history, and also one of the longest. It raged for 199 days.
Numbers of casualties are difficult to compile due to the vast scope of the battle and the fact that the Soviet government did not allow estimates to be made, for fear the cost would be shown to be too high.
In its initial phases, the Germans inflicted heavy casualties on Soviet formations; but the Soviet encirclement by punching through the German flank, effectively besieged the remainder of the German Sixth Army, which had taken heavy casualties in street fighting prior to this.
At different times the Germans had held up to 90% of the city, yet the Soviet soldiers and officers fought on fiercely. Some elements of the German Fourth Panzer Army also suffered casualties in operations around Stalingrad during the Soviet counter offensive.
For the heroism of the Soviet defenders of Stalingrad, the city was awarded the title Hero City in 1945.
Twenty-four years after this battle, in October 1967, a colossal monument, Mother Motherland was erected on Mamayev Kurgan, the hill overlooking the city.
The statue forms part of a War memorial complex which includes ruined walls deliberately left the way they were after the battle. The Grain Silo, as well as Pavlov's House, the apartment building whose defenders eventually held out for two months until they were relieved, can still be visited. Even today, one may find bones and rusty metal splinters on Mamayev Kurgan, symbols of both the human suffering during the battle and the successful yet costly resistance against the German invasion.
The Motherland Calls
The Mamayev Monument
Erich von Manstein:
Friedrich Paulus:
Vasily Chuikov:
Aleksandr Vasilevsky:
Georgy Zhukov:
Semyon Timoshenko:
Konstantin Rokossovsky:
Rodion Malinovsky:
Andrei Yeremenko:
Battle of Stalingrad:
Eastern Front (World War II):
Battlefield I: The Battle of Stalingrad (1-12)
...
Soviet War Memorial in Treptower Park, Berlin
A tribute to 80,000 Red Army soldiers who died in the Battle of Berlin 1945. Soviet Architect Yakov Belopolsky’s design was unveiled just four years after World War II ended, and its epic scale and brawny symbolism made it a vast war memorial military cemetery in Berlin's Treptower Park, one of three Soviet memorials built in Berlin after the end of the war.
On entering you are greeted by two kneeling soldiers, and the view unfolds across a geometrical expanse flanked by 16 stone sarcophagi, which mark the burial of 5,000 Soviet soldiers who died in the final Battle of Berlin in spring 1945. The focus of the ensemble is a monument by Soviet sculptor Yevgeny Vuchetich: a 12-m tall statue of a Soviet soldier with a sword holding a German child, standing over a broken swastika. According to Marshal of the Soviet Union Vasily Chuikov, the Vuchetich statue commemorates the deeds of Sergeant of Guards Nikolai Masalov, who during the final storm on the center of Berlin risked his life under heavy German machine-gun fire to rescue a three-year-old German girl whose mother had apparently disappeared.
This was a great achievement of the Soviet people to the history of mankind. The area is the final resting place for some 5000 soldiers of the Red Army. At the opposite end of the central area from the statue is a portal consisting of a pair of stylized Soviet flags built of red granite. These are flanked by two statues of kneeling soldiers. Beyond the flag monuments is a further sculpture, along the axis formed by the soldier monument, the main area, and the flags, is another figure, of the Motherland weeping at the loss of her sons.
Photo Credit Leif Hinrichsen
Photo Credit Tarkowski
Photo Credit A_Peach
Photo Credit Santiago Montecruz
Photo Credit James Higgott
Rear of the Soviet Memorial arch. Photo Credit Ben Garrett
Photo Credit Mehmet Rifat Öcal
Soviet military relief. Photo Credit Dom Pates
Soviet War Memorial in December. Photo Credit Felipe Tofani
Photo Credit Leif Hinrichsen
Photo Credit Jan Hazevoet
Siberian divisions: secret act of bravery, part 2 Subtiteled
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Soviet War Memorial Sowjetisches Ehrenmal Berlin Treptower Park part2
The Soviet War Memorial is a vast war memorial and military cemetery in Berlin's Treptower Park. It was built to the design of the Soviet architect Yakov Belopolsky to commemorate 7,000 of the 80,000 Soviet soldiers who fell in the Battle of Berlin in April–May 1945. It opened four years after World War II on May 8, 1949. The Memorial served as the central war memorial of East Germany.
The monument is one of three Soviet memorials built in Berlin after the end of the war. The other two memorials are the Tiergarten memorial, built in 1945 in the Tiergarten district of what later became West Berlin, and the Soviet War Memorial Schönholzer Heide in Berlin's Pankow district.
Together with the Rear-front Memorial in Magnitogorsk and The Motherland Calls in Volgograd, the monument is a part of a triptych.
At the conclusion of World War II, three Soviet war memorials were built in the city of Berlin to commemorate Soviet deaths in World War II, especially the 80,000 that died during the Battle of Berlin. The memorials are not only commemorative, but also serve as cemeteries for those killed.
A competition was announced shortly after the end of the war for the design of the park. The competition attracted 33 entries, with the eventual design a hybrid of the submissions of the architect Jakow S. Belopolski, sculptor Yevgeny Vuchetich, painter Alexander A. Gorpenko and engineer Sarra S. Walerius. The sculptures, reliefs, and 2.5 meter diameter Flammenschalen (flame bowls) were cast at the Kunstgießerei Lauchhammer in 1948.[1] The memorial itself was built in Treptower Park on land previously occupied by a sports field. The memorial was completed in 1949. The stones and granite that were used in the construction came from the demolished New Reich Chancellery.[2]
Around the time of the fall of the Berlin Wall, unknown persons vandalized parts of the memorial with anti-Soviet graffiti. The Spartacist party claimed that the vandals were right-wing extremists and arranged a demonstration on January 3, 1990, which the PDS supported; 250,000 GDR citizens participated. Through the demonstrations, the newly formed party stayed true to the communist roots of its founding party, and attempted to gain political influence.[3] PDS chairman Gregor Gysi took this opportunity to call for a Verfassungsschutz (Constitution Protection) for the GDR, and questioned whether the Amt für Nationale Sicherheit (Department of National Security, the successor of the Stasi) should be reorganized or phased out. Historian Stefan Wolle believes that Stasi officers may have been behind the vandalism, since they feared for their jobs.[4]
As part of the Two Plus Four Agreement, Germany agreed to assume maintenance and repair responsibility for all war memorials in the country, including the Soviet memorial in Treptower Park. However, Germany must consult the Russian Federation before undertaking any changes to the memorial.
Since 1995, an annual vigil has taken place at the memorial on May 9, organized by (among others) the Bund der Antifaschisten Treptow e.V. (Anti-fascist Coalition of Treptow). The motto of the event is the Day of Freedom, corresponding to Victory Day, a Russian holiday and the final surrender of German soldiers at the end of World War II.
The focus of the ensemble is a monument by Soviet sculptor Yevgeny Vuchetich: a 12-m tall statue of a Soviet soldier with a sword holding a German child, standing over a broken swastika. According to Marshal of the Soviet Union Vasily Chuikov, the Vuchetich statue commemorates the deeds of Sergeant of Guards Nikolai Masalov, who during the final storm on the center of Berlin risked his life under heavy German machine-gun fire to rescue a three-year-old German girl whose mother had apparently disappeared.[5]
Before the monument is a central area lined on both sides by 16 stone sarcophagi, one for each of the 16 Soviet Republics (in 1940–56 then up to the reorganization of the Karelo-Finnish SSR into the Karelian ASSR there were 16 union republics) with relief carvings of military scenes and quotations from Joseph Stalin, on one side in Russian, on the other side the same text in German: Now all recognize that the Soviet people with their selfless fight saved the civilization of Europe from fascist thugs. This was a great achievement of the Soviet people to the history of mankind. The area is the final resting place for some 5000 soldiers of the Red Army.
Soviet War Memorial Sowjetisches Ehrenmal Berlin Treptower Park part1
The Soviet War Memorial is a vast war memorial and military cemetery in Berlin's Treptower Park. It was built to the design of the Soviet architect Yakov Belopolsky to commemorate 7,000 of the 80,000 Soviet soldiers who fell in the Battle of Berlin in April–May 1945. It opened four years after World War II on May 8, 1949. The Memorial served as the central war memorial of East Germany.
The monument is one of three Soviet memorials built in Berlin after the end of the war. The other two memorials are the Tiergarten memorial, built in 1945 in the Tiergarten district of what later became West Berlin, and the Soviet War Memorial Schönholzer Heide in Berlin's Pankow district.
Together with the Rear-front Memorial in Magnitogorsk and The Motherland Calls in Volgograd, the monument is a part of a triptych.
At the conclusion of World War II, three Soviet war memorials were built in the city of Berlin to commemorate Soviet deaths in World War II, especially the 80,000 that died during the Battle of Berlin. The memorials are not only commemorative, but also serve as cemeteries for those killed.
A competition was announced shortly after the end of the war for the design of the park. The competition attracted 33 entries, with the eventual design a hybrid of the submissions of the architect Jakow S. Belopolski, sculptor Yevgeny Vuchetich, painter Alexander A. Gorpenko and engineer Sarra S. Walerius. The sculptures, reliefs, and 2.5 meter diameter Flammenschalen (flame bowls) were cast at the Kunstgießerei Lauchhammer in 1948.[1] The memorial itself was built in Treptower Park on land previously occupied by a sports field. The memorial was completed in 1949. The stones and granite that were used in the construction came from the demolished New Reich Chancellery.[2]
Around the time of the fall of the Berlin Wall, unknown persons vandalized parts of the memorial with anti-Soviet graffiti. The Spartacist party claimed that the vandals were right-wing extremists and arranged a demonstration on January 3, 1990, which the PDS supported; 250,000 GDR citizens participated. Through the demonstrations, the newly formed party stayed true to the communist roots of its founding party, and attempted to gain political influence.[3] PDS chairman Gregor Gysi took this opportunity to call for a Verfassungsschutz (Constitution Protection) for the GDR, and questioned whether the Amt für Nationale Sicherheit (Department of National Security, the successor of the Stasi) should be reorganized or phased out. Historian Stefan Wolle believes that Stasi officers may have been behind the vandalism, since they feared for their jobs.[4]
As part of the Two Plus Four Agreement, Germany agreed to assume maintenance and repair responsibility for all war memorials in the country, including the Soviet memorial in Treptower Park. However, Germany must consult the Russian Federation before undertaking any changes to the memorial.
Since 1995, an annual vigil has taken place at the memorial on May 9, organized by (among others) the Bund der Antifaschisten Treptow e.V. (Anti-fascist Coalition of Treptow). The motto of the event is the Day of Freedom, corresponding to Victory Day, a Russian holiday and the final surrender of German soldiers at the end of World War II.
The focus of the ensemble is a monument by Soviet sculptor Yevgeny Vuchetich: a 12-m tall statue of a Soviet soldier with a sword holding a German child, standing over a broken swastika. According to Marshal of the Soviet Union Vasily Chuikov, the Vuchetich statue commemorates the deeds of Sergeant of Guards Nikolai Masalov, who during the final storm on the center of Berlin risked his life under heavy German machine-gun fire to rescue a three-year-old German girl whose mother had apparently disappeared.[5]
Before the monument is a central area lined on both sides by 16 stone sarcophagi, one for each of the 16 Soviet Republics (in 1940–56 then up to the reorganization of the Karelo-Finnish SSR into the Karelian ASSR there were 16 union republics) with relief carvings of military scenes and quotations from Joseph Stalin, on one side in Russian, on the other side the same text in German: Now all recognize that the Soviet people with their selfless fight saved the civilization of Europe from fascist thugs. This was a great achievement of the Soviet people to the history of mankind. The area is the final resting place for some 5000 soldiers of the Red Army.